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Tandoro Y, Chen BK, Ali A, Wang CK. Review of Phytochemical Potency as a Natural Anti- Helicobacter pylori and Neuroprotective Agent. Molecules 2023; 28:7150. [PMID: 37894629 PMCID: PMC10609179 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are plant secondary metabolites that show health benefits for humans due to their bioactivity. There is a huge variety of phytochemicals that have already been identified, and these compounds can act as antimicrobial and neuroprotection agents. Due to their anti-microbial activity and neuroprotection, several phytochemicals might have the potency to be used as natural therapeutic agents, especially for Helicobacter pylori infection and neurodegenerative disease, which have become a global health concern nowadays. According to previous research, there are some connections between H. pylori infection and neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease. Hence, this comprehensive review examines different kinds of phytochemicals from natural sources as potential therapeutic agents to reduce H. pylori infection and improve neurodegenerative disease. An additional large-scale study is needed to establish the connection between H. pylori infection and neurodegenerative disease and how phytochemicals could improve this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohanes Tandoro
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.T.); (B.-K.C.); (A.A.)
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya, Surabaya 60265, Indonesia
| | - Bo-Kai Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.T.); (B.-K.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Asif Ali
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.T.); (B.-K.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.T.); (B.-K.C.); (A.A.)
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El-Saadony MT, Yang T, Korma SA, Sitohy M, Abd El-Mageed TA, Selim S, Al Jaouni SK, Salem HM, Mahmmod Y, Soliman SM, Mo’men SAA, Mosa WFA, El-Wafai NA, Abou-Aly HE, Sitohy B, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Tarabily KA, Saad AM. Impacts of turmeric and its principal bioactive curcumin on human health: Pharmaceutical, medicinal, and food applications: A comprehensive review. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1040259. [PMID: 36712505 PMCID: PMC9881416 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1040259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The yellow polyphenolic pigment known as curcumin, originating from the rhizome of the turmeric plant Curcuma longa L., has been utilized for ages in ancient medicine, as well as in cooking and food coloring. Recently, the biological activities of turmeric and curcumin have been thoroughly investigated. The studies mainly focused on their antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective impacts. This review seeks to provide an in-depth, detailed discussion of curcumin usage within the food processing industries and its effect on health support and disease prevention. Curcumin's bioavailability, bio-efficacy, and bio-safety characteristics, as well as its side effects and quality standards, are also discussed. Finally, curcumin's multifaceted uses, food appeal enhancement, agro-industrial techniques counteracting its instability and low bioavailability, nanotechnology and focused drug delivery systems to increase its bioavailability, and prospective clinical use tactics are all discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Sameh A. Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Sitohy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Taia A. Abd El-Mageed
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba M. Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasser Mahmmod
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Soliman M. Soliman
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa A. A. Mo’men
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walid F. A. Mosa
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nahed A. El-Wafai
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hamed E. Abou-Aly
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Basel Sitohy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection and Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Khaled A. El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Ahmed M. Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Shome S, Talukdar AD, Upadhyaya H. Antibacterial activity of curcumin and its essential nanoformulations against some clinically important bacterial pathogens: A comprehensive review. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2357-2386. [PMID: 34826356 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections can kill 700,000 individuals globally each year and is considered among the top 10 global health threats faced by humanity as the arsenal of antibiotics is becoming dry and alternate antibacterial molecule is in demand. Nanoparticles of curcumin exhibit appreciable broad-spectrum antibacterial activity using unique and novel mechanisms and thus the process deserves to be reviewed and further researched to clearly understand the mechanisms. Based on the antibiotic resistance, infection, and virulence potential, a list of clinically important bacteria was prepared after extensive literature survey and all recent reports on the antibacterial activity of curcumin and its nanoformulations as well as their mechanism of antibacterial action have been reviewed. Curcumin, nanocurcumin, and its nanocomposites with improved aqueous solubility and bioavailability are very potential, reliable, safe, and sustainable antibacterial molecule against clinically important bacterial species that uses multitarget mechanism such as inactivation of antioxidant enzyme, reactive oxygen species-mediated cellular damage, and inhibition of acyl-homoserine-lactone synthase necessary for quorum sensing and biofilm formation, thereby bypassing the mechanisms of bacterial antibiotic resistance. Nanoformulations of curcumin can thus be considered as a potential and sustainable antibacterial drug candidate to address the issue of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Shome
- Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plants Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Das Talukdar
- Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plants Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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Mohammadi A, Khanbabaei H, Zandi F, Ahmadi A, Haftcheshmeh SM, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Curcumin: A therapeutic strategy for targeting the Helicobacter pylori-related diseases. Microb Pathog 2022; 166:105552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhang SX, Liu W, Ai B, Sun LL, Chen ZS, Lin LZ. Current Advances and Outlook in Gastric Cancer Chemoresistance: A Review. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:26-41. [PMID: 34587888 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210929165729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical resection of the lesion is the standard primary treatment of gastric cancer. Unfortunately, most patients are already in the advanced stage of the disease when they are diagnosed with gastric cancer. Alternative therapies, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy, can achieve only very limited benefits. The emergence of cancer drug resistance has always been the major obstacle to the cure of tumors. The main goal of modern cancer pharmacology is to determine the underlying mechanism of anticancer drugs. OBJECTIVE Here, we mainly review the latest research results related to the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer, the application of natural products in overcoming the chemotherapy resistance of gastric cancer, and the new strategies currently being developed to treat tumors based on immunotherapy and gene therapy. CONCLUSION The emergence of cancer drug resistance is the main obstacle in achieving alleviation and final cure for gastric cancer. Mixed therapies are considered to be a possible way to overcome chemoresistance. Natural products are the main resource for discovering new drugs specific for treating chemoresistance, and further research is needed to clarify the mechanism of natural product activity in patients. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Xiong Zhang
- Guangdong Province Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Guangzhou, 510440. China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006. China
| | - Bo Ai
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Ling-Ling Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405. China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, New York. United States
| | - Li-Zhu Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405. China
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Helicobacter pylori-Induced Inflammation: Possible Factors Modulating the Risk of Gastric Cancer. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091099. [PMID: 34578132 PMCID: PMC8467880 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and long-term tissue injury are related to many malignancies, including gastric cancer (GC). Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), classified as a class I carcinogen, induces chronic superficial gastritis followed by gastric carcinogenesis. Despite a high prevalence of H. pylori infection, only about 1–3% of people infected with this bacterium develop GC worldwide. Furthermore, the development of chronic gastritis in some, but not all, H. pylori-infected subjects remains unexplained. These conflicting findings indicate that clinical outcomes of aggressive inflammation (atrophic gastritis) to gastric carcinogenesis are influenced by several other factors (in addition to H. pylori infection), such as gut microbiota, co-existence of intestinal helminths, dietary habits, and host genetic factors. This review has five goals: (1) to assess our current understanding of the process of H. pylori-triggered inflammation and gastric precursor lesions; (2) to present a hypothesis on risk modulation by the gut microbiota and infestation with intestinal helminths; (3) to identify the dietary behavior of the people at risk of GC; (4) to check the inflammation-related genetic polymorphisms and role of exosomes together with other factors as initiators of precancerous lesions and gastric carcinoma; and (5) finally, to conclude and suggest a new direction for future research.
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Shetty NP, Prabhakaran M, Srivastava AK. Pleiotropic nature of curcumin in targeting multiple apoptotic-mediated factors and related strategies to treat gastric cancer: A review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5397-5416. [PMID: 34028111 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the major reasons for cancer-associated death and exhibits the second-highest mortality rate worldwide. Several advanced approaches have been designed to treat GC; however, these strategies possess many innate complications. In view of this, the upcoming research relying on natural products could result in designing potential anticancer agents with fewer side effects. Curcumin, isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. has several medicinal properties like antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antitumor, and antimetastatic. Such pleiotropic nature of curcumin impedes the invasion and proliferation of GC by targeting several oncogenic factors like p23, human epidermal factor receptor2 including Helicobacter pylori. The side effect of chemotherapy, that is, chemotherapeutic resistance and radiotherapy could be reduced combination therapy of curcumin. Moreover, the photodynamic therapy of curcumin destroys the cancer cells without affecting normal cells. However, further more potential studies are required to establish the potent efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of GC. The current review details the anticancer activities of curcumin and related strategies which could be employed to treat GC with additional focus on its inhibitory properties against viability, proliferation, and migration of GC cells through cell cycle arrest and stimulation by apoptosis-mediated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini P Shetty
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
| | - Manoj Prabhakaran
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
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Effects of Curcumin and Its Analogues on Infectious Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1291:75-101. [PMID: 34331685 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-56153-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases (IDs) are life-threatening illnesses, which result from the spread of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. IDs are a major challenge for the healthcare systems around the world, leading to a wide variety of clinical manifestations and complications. Despite the capability of frontline-approved medications to partially prevent or mitigate the invasion and subsequent damage of IDs to host tissues and cells, problems such as drug resistance, insufficient efficacy, unpleasant side effects, and high expenses stand in the way of their beneficial applications. One strategy is to evaluate currently explored and available bioactive compounds as possible anti-microbial agents. The natural polyphenol curcumin has been postulated to possess various properties including anti-microbial activities. Studies have shown that it possess pleiotropic effects against bacterial- and parasitic-associating IDs including drug-resistant strains. Curcumin can also potentiate the efficacy of available anti-bacterial and anti-parasitic drugs in a synergistic fashion. In this review, we summarize the findings of these studies along with reported controversies of native curcumin and its analogues, alone and in combination, toward its application in future studies as a natural anti-bacterial and anti-parasitic agent.
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Panahi Y, Karbasi A, Valizadegan G, Ostadzadeh N, Soflaei SS, Jamialahmadi T, Majeed M, Sahebkar A. Effect of Curcumin on Severity of Functional Dyspepsia: a Triple Blinded Clinical Trial. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1308:119-126. [PMID: 33861441 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64872-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundFunctional dyspepsia is the main cause of upper abdominal discomfort affecting 5-10% of the world population. Despite various therapeutic approaches, up to 50% of patients with functional dyspepsia seek alternative treatments. In the present study we evaluated the effect of curcumin supplementation along with famotidine therapy on severity of functional dyspepsia. A total of 75 patients with functional dyspepsia according to Rome III criteria were allocated into intervention (N = 39) or control (N = 36) groups. The intervention group was treated with a combination of 500 mg curcumin and 40 mg famotidine daily for 1 month. The control group received placebo and 40 mg famotidine. Severity of dyspepsia symptoms was determined using the Hong Kong questionnaire at baseline, after the 1 month treatment and after a 1 month follow-up. The presence of H. pylori antigens in the stool samples was also investigated in all subjects. No significant difference was observed between intervention and control groups in biochemical indices, severity of dyspepsia and rate of H. pylori infection. A significant decrease was observed in severity of dyspepsia (p < 0.001) and rate of H. pylori infection (p = 0.004) immediately after the treatment and follow-up in the curcumin intervention group. This study indicated that curcumin therapy could be a favorable supplementation in the symptom management of functional dyspepsia. Moreover, curcumin could help efficient eradication of H. pylori in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunes Panahi
- Pharmacotherapy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Karbasi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ghasem Valizadegan
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
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Curcumin Nanocrystals: Production, Physicochemical Assessment, and In Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effects against Bacterial Loading of the Implant Fixture. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10238356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to prepare and study physicochemical properties as well as the antibacterial action of curcumin nanocrystals inside the implant fixture against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Methods: Curcumin nanocrystals were prepared via precipitation combined with the spray drying method. The produced curcumin nanocrystals were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Moreover, the in vitro antimicrobial effect of curcumin nanocrystals inside the implant fixture was assessed against E. coli, S. aureus, and E. faecalis. All implant-abutment assemblies were immersed in bacterial suspensions and were incubated at 24, 48, and 72 h. The contents of each implant were cultured to count the colony of bacteria at 37 °C for 24 h. Results: The prepared curcumin nanocrystals with a mean particle size of 95 nm and spherical morphology exhibited a removal rate of 99.99% for all bacteria. In addition, the colony-forming unit (CFU) of bacteria in exposure to nanocrystals significantly was reduced (p < 0.010) by increasing the time. Conclusions: Curcumin nanocrystals can be used inside the implant fixture as an antimicrobial agent in order to more stabilization of the implant.
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Bahrami A, A Ferns G. Effect of Curcumin and Its Derivates on Gastric Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1553-1569. [PMID: 32814463 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1808232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma is one of the most prevalent malignancies and is associated with a high mortality. Chemotherapy is the principal therapeutic option in the treatment of gastric cancer, but its success rate is restricted by severe side effects and the prevalence of chemo-resistance. Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric that has potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. There is accumulating evidence that curcumin may prevent gastric cancer through regulation of oncogenic pathways. Furthermore some curcumin analogues and novel formulation of curcumin appear to have anti-tumor activity. The aim of this review was to give an overview of the therapeutic potential of curcumin and its derivatives against gastric cancer in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, UK
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Dai C, Wang Y, Sharma G, Shen J, Velkov T, Xiao X. Polymyxins-Curcumin Combination Antimicrobial Therapy: Safety Implications and Efficacy for Infection Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060506. [PMID: 32526966 PMCID: PMC7346118 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria poses a huge health challenge. The therapeutic use of polymyxins (i.e., colistin and polymyxin B) is commonplace due to high efficacy and limiting treatment options for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity are the major dose-limiting factors that limit the therapeutic window of polymyxins; nephrotoxicity is a complication in up to ~60% of patients. The emergence of polymyxin-resistant strains or polymyxin heteroresistance is also a limiting factor. These caveats have catalyzed the search for polymyxin combinations that synergistically kill polymyxin-susceptible and resistant organisms and/or minimize the unwanted side effects. Curcumin—an FDA-approved natural product—exerts many pharmacological activities. Recent studies showed that polymyxins–curcumin combinations showed a synergistically inhibitory effect on the growth of bacteria (e.g., Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria) in vitro. Moreover, curcumin co-administration ameliorated colistin-induced nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge-base of polymyxins–curcumin combination therapy and discuss the underlying mechanisms. For the clinical translation of this combination to become a reality, further research is required to develop novel polymyxins–curcumin formulations with optimized pharmacokinetics and dosage regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongshan Dai
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.W.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-156-5282-6026 (C.D.); +86-010-6273-3377 (X.X.)
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia;
| | - Xilong Xiao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.W.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-156-5282-6026 (C.D.); +86-010-6273-3377 (X.X.)
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Nakuluri K, Srivani G. Phytochemicals Plus Checkpoint Inhibitors in GI Cancers. PHYTOCHEMICALS TARGETING TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT IN GASTROINTESTINAL CANCERS 2020:83-107. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48405-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
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15
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Mody D, Athamneh AIM, Seleem MN. Curcumin: A natural derivative with antibacterial activity against Clostridium difficile. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 21:154-161. [PMID: 31622683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The rapid emergence of hypervirulent Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) isolates and the paucity of effective anti-clostridial antibiotics call for extensive research to identify new treatment options. This study aimed to test the anti-clostridial activity of bioactive extracts of turmeric, which is a natural herb widely known for its profound medicinal properties. METHODS The MICs of turmeric derivatives were determined against 27 C. difficile strains, including hypervirulent (BI/NAP1/027) and clinical toxigenic isolates. Additionally, their ability to inhibit C. difficile toxin production and spore formation was investigated. Furthermore, the safety profiles of turmeric derivatives regarding their effects on human gut microflora - such as Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium - were evaluated. RESULTS Curcuminoids, the major phytoconstituents of turmeric - including curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin - inhibited growth of C. difficile at concentrations ranging from 4 to 32μg/mL. Additionally, curcuminoids showed no negative effect on major populating species of the human gut. Curcumin was more effective than fidaxomicin in inhibiting C. difficile toxin production, but less so in inhibiting spore formation. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that curcumin has potential as an anti-clostridial agent. More work is needed to further investigate the efficacy of curcumin as a stand-alone drug or as a supplement of current drugs of choice, as it has no antagonistic activities but might overcome their drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepansh Mody
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ahmad I M Athamneh
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Treesinchai S, Puttipipatkhachorn S, Pitaksuteepong T, Sungthongjeen S. Development of curcumin floating beads with low density materials and solubilizers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kwiecien S, Magierowski M, Majka J, Ptak-Belowska A, Wojcik D, Sliwowski Z, Magierowska K, Brzozowski T. Curcumin: A Potent Protectant against Esophageal and Gastric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:1477. [PMID: 30909623 PMCID: PMC6471759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Turmeric obtained from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa has been used in the prevention and treatment of many diseases since the ancient times. Curcumin is the principal polyphenol isolated from turmeric, which exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antitumor, and antimetastatic activities. The existing evidence indicates that curcumin can exert a wide range of beneficial pleiotropic properties in the gastrointestinal tract, such as protection against reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and gastric mucosal damage induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and necrotizing agents. The role of curcumin as an adjuvant in the treatment of a Helicobacter pylori infection in experimental animals and humans has recently been proposed. The evidence that this turmeric derivative inhibits the invasion and proliferation of gastric cancer cells is encouraging and warrants further experimental and clinical studies with newer formulations to support the inclusion of curcumin in cancer therapy regimens. This review was designed to analyze the existing data from in vitro and in vivo animal and human studies in order to highlight the mechanisms of therapeutic efficacy of curcumin in the protection and ulcer healing of the upper gastrointestinal tract, with a major focus on addressing the protection of the esophagus and stomach by this emerging compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Kwiecien
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Majka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Agata Ptak-Belowska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Dagmara Wojcik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Sliwowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Magierowska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
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Feige MH, Vieth M, Sokolova O, Täger C, Naumann M. Helicobacter pylori induces direct activation of the lymphotoxin beta receptor and non-canonical nuclear factor-kappa B signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:545-550. [PMID: 29329668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The pathogen Helicobacter pylori, which infects half of the world's population, is a major risk factor for the development of gastric diseases including chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. Among H. pylori's virulence factors is the cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island (cagPAI), which encodes for a type IV secretion system (T4SS). The T4SS induces fast canonical nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, a major factor increasing inflammation, supressing apoptotic cell death and thereby promoting the development of neoplasia. However, H. pylori's capability to mediate fast non-canonical NF-κB signaling is unresolved, despite a contribution of non-canonical NF-κB signaling to gastric cancer has been suggested. We analyzed signaling elements within non-canonical NF-κB in response to H. pylori in epithelial cell lines by immunoprecipitation, immunoblot, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and RNA interference knockdown. In addition, tissue samples of H. pylori-infected patients were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Here, we provide evidence for a T4SS-dependent direct activation of non-canonical NF-κB signaling. We identified the lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) to elicit the fast release of NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) from the receptor complex leading to non-canonical NF-κB signaling. Further, NIK expression was increased in human biopsies of H. pylori-associated gastritis. Thus, NIK could represent a novel target to reduce Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric inflammation and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hartmut Feige
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Olga Sokolova
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Täger
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Haghi A, Azimi H, Rahimi R. A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacotherapeutics of Three Phytochemicals, Curcumin, Quercetin, and Allicin, in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2017; 48:314-320. [PMID: 28828709 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-017-9997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastric cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Medicinal plants are one of the main sources for discovery of new pharmacological agents especially for treatment of cancers. The aim of the present study is to review pharmacotherapeutic aspects of three mostly studied phytochemicals including curcumin, quercetin, and allicin for management of gastric cancer. METHODS Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for the effects of curcumin, quercetin, allicin, and their analogs in gastric cancer. Data were collected up to November 2015. The search terms were "curcumin," "quercetin," "allicin," and "gastric cancer" or "cancer." RESULTS Curcumin demonstrated anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic, pro-apoptotic, and anti-helicobacter activities. Quercetin inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy as well as anti-Helicobacter activity. Allicin showed apoptotic and anti-Helicobacter properties. All three natural compounds had low bioavailability. CONCLUSIONS Although preclinical studies demonstrated the activity of curcumin, quercetin, and allicin in gastric cancer, clinical trials are needed to confirm their effectiveness. Applying their possible synergistic action and suitable drug delivery system in clinical studies can be also an attractive approach with the purpose of finding new extremely efficient anti-gastric cancer agents. Curcumin, quercetin, and allicin seem to be good candidates for management of gastric cancer through their pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, and anti-helicobacter activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atousa Haghi
- Young Researchers & Elite Club, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haniye Azimi
- Behsa Pharmaceutical Company, Arak, Markazi, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Effect of Curcumin on the Diversity of Gut Microbiota in Ovariectomized Rats. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101146. [PMID: 29048369 PMCID: PMC5691762 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has been proven to have a weight-loss effect in a menopausal rat model induced by ovariectomy. However, the effects of curcumin on gut microfloral communities of ovariectomized (OVX) rats remains unclear. Here, we used high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to explore the effects of curcumin on microbial diversity in the gut of OVX rats. Female Wistar rats were subjected to either ovariectomy or a sham operation (SHAM group). The OVX rats were treated with vehicle (OVX group) or curcumin (CUR group) by oral gavage. After 12-week treatments, the weights of the bodies and uteri of rats were recorded, the levels of estradiol in the serum were assayed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Then, the fragments encompassing V3–V4 16S rDNA hypervariable regions were PCR amplified from fecal samples, and the PCR products of V3–V4 were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq for characterization of the gut microbiota. Our results showed that, compared to rats in the SHAM group, rats in the OVX group had more weight gain and lower levels of estradiol in the serum, and curcumin could cause significant weight loss in OVX rats but did not increase the levels of estradiol. Sequencing results revealed the presence of 1120, 1114, and 1119 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) found in the SHAM, OVX, and CUR groups, respectively. The percentage of shared OTUs was 86.1603%. Gut microbiota of rats from the SHAM or CUR group had higher levels of biodiversity and unevenness estimations than those from the OVX group. At the phyla level, compared to rats in SHAM group, rats in the OVX group had a higher ratio of phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the gut; at the genus level, four differential gut microbiota (Incertae_Sedis, Anaerovorax, Anaerotruncus, and Helicobacter) between SHAM and OVX groups were found, whereas seven differential gut microbiota (Serratia, Anaerotruncus, Shewanella, Pseudomonas, Papillibacter, Exiguobacterium, and Helicobacter) between OVX and CUR groups were found. In conclusion, estrogen deficiency induced by ovariectomy caused changes in the distribution and structure of intestinal microflora in rats, and curcumin could partially reverse changes in the diversity of gut microbiota.
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Zaidi SF, Ahmed K, Saeed SA, Khan U, Sugiyama T. Can Diet Modulate Helicobacter pylori-associated Gastric Pathogenesis? An Evidence-Based Analysis. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:979-989. [PMID: 28937799 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1359310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is involved in the pathogenesis of gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. The infection is prevalent in more than half of the world's population. Although the infection may lead to detrimental consequences, still the majority of the infected individuals only develop mild gastritis. Several factors are behind this paradoxical outcome including virulence of the infecting H. pylori strains, genetic background of the host, and factors related to lifestyle such as dietary habits. Among these, lifestyle including dietary factors was not in the limelight, until recently, as one of the important factors that could modulate H. pylori-linked gastric diseases. This review is directed to gather and elucidate the role of dietary components in augmenting or attenuating pathological processes initiated by H. pylori. Available evidence strongly supports the notion that the diet may play a critical role in defining the final outcome of H. pylori infection particularly if certain dietary components are taken on a regular basis for a long time. Despite a recent surge in research related to the role of dietary ingredients, further studies involving large-scale clinical trials are required to gain a better understanding of the precise role played by the dietary ingredients in H. pylori-associated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faisal Zaidi
- a Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences , Jeddah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kanwal Ahmed
- a Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences , Jeddah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Abdul Saeed
- a Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences , Jeddah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Usmanghani Khan
- b Faculty of Pharmacy , Jinnah University for Women , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Toshiro Sugiyama
- c Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
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De Filippis A, Fiorentino M, Guida L, Annunziata M, Nastri L, Rizzo A. Vitamin D reduces the inflammatory response by Porphyromonas gingivalis infection by modulating human β-defensin-3 in human gingival epithelium and periodontal ligament cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 47:106-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Milani A, Basirnejad M, Shahbazi S, Bolhassani A. Carotenoids: biochemistry, pharmacology and treatment. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1290-1324. [PMID: 27638711 PMCID: PMC5429337 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids and retinoids have several similar biological activities such as antioxidant properties, the inhibition of malignant tumour growth and the induction of apoptosis. Supplementation with carotenoids can affect cell growth and modulate gene expression and immune responses. Epidemiological studies have shown a correlation between a high carotenoid intake in the diet with a reduced risk of breast, cervical, ovarian, colorectal cancers, and cardiovascular and eye diseases. Cancer chemoprevention by dietary carotenoids involves several mechanisms, including effects on gap junctional intercellular communication, growth factor signalling, cell cycle progression, differentiation-related proteins, retinoid-like receptors, antioxidant response element, nuclear receptors, AP-1 transcriptional complex, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, carotenoids can stimulate the proliferation of B- and T-lymphocytes, the activity of macrophages and cytotoxic T-cells, effector T-cell function and the production of cytokines. Recently, the beneficial effects of carotenoid-rich vegetables and fruits in health and in decreasing the risk of certain diseases has been attributed to the major carotenoids, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, crocin (/crocetin) and curcumin, due to their antioxidant effects. It is thought that carotenoids act in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In this review, we briefly describe the biological and immunological activities of the main carotenoids used for the treatment of various diseases and their possible mechanisms of action. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Milani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDSPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | | | - Sepideh Shahbazi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDSPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDSPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
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24
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Kc R, Shukla SD, Walters EH, O'Toole RF. Temporal upregulation of host surface receptors provides a window of opportunity for bacterial adhesion and disease. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:421-430. [PMID: 28113047 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Host surface receptors provide bacteria with a foothold from which to attach, colonize and, in some cases, invade tissue and elicit human disease. In this review, we discuss several key host receptors and cognate adhesins that function in bacterial pathogenesis. In particular, we examine the elevated expression of host surface receptors such as CEACAM-1, CEACAM-6, ICAM-1 and PAFR in response to specific stimuli. We explore how upregulated receptors, in turn, expose the host to a range of bacterial infections in the respiratory tract. It is apparent that exploitation of receptor induction for bacterial adherence is not unique to one body system, but is also observed in the central nervous, gastrointestinal and urogenital systems. Prokaryotic pathogens which utilize this mechanism for their infectivity include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and Escherichia coli. A number of approaches have been used, in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models, to inhibit bacterial attachment to temporally expressed host receptors. Some of these novel strategies may advance future targeted interventions for the prevention and treatment of bacterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Kc
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Shakti D Shukla
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Eugene H Walters
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Ronan F O'Toole
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
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25
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Abstract
There is growing evidence for the role of several natural products as either useful agents or adjuncts in the management of functional GI disorders (FGIDs). In this review, we examine the medical evidence for three such compounds: chili, a culinary spice; curcumin, another spice and active derivative of a root bark; and prebiotics, which are nondigestible food products. Chili may affect the pathogenesis of abdominal pain especially in functional dyspepsia and cause other symptoms. It may have a therapeutic role in FGIDs through desensitization of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor. Curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric rhizome, has been shown in several preclinical studies and uncontrolled clinical trials as having effects on gut inflammation, gut permeability and the brain-gut axis, especially in FGIDs. Prebiotics, the non-digestible food ingredients in dietary fiber, may serve as nutrients and selectively stimulate the growth and/or activity of certain colonic bacteria. The net effect of this change on colonic microbiota may lead to the production of acidic metabolites and other compounds that help to reduce the production of toxins and suppress the growth of harmful or disease-causing enteric pathogens. Although some clinical benefit in IBS has been shown, high dose intake of prebiotics may cause more bloating from bacterial fermentation.
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26
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Zaidi SF. Helicobacter pylori associated Asian enigma: Does diet deserve distinction? World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:341-350. [PMID: 27096029 PMCID: PMC4824712 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i4.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most widespread infections in humans worldwide that chronically infects up to 50% of the world’s population. The infection is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer, therefore, it has been classified as class I definite carcinogen by the World Health Organization. Despite the established etiological role of H. pylori, its actual distribution and association with related diseases is controversial and there is a large intercountry variation especially among Asian countries. H. pylori infection is more frequent in developing countries like India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh as compared to developed Asian countries like Japan, China and South Korea. However, the frequency of gastric cancer is comparatively lower in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh with that of Japan, China and South Korea. Such phenomenon of clinical diversity, defined as enigma, is judged by genetic variability of the infecting H. pylori strains, differences in the host genetic background in various ethnic groups, and environmental factors such as dietary habits. Most of the studies have so far focused on the bacterial factor while environmental issues, including dietary components, were not given due attention as one of the factors related with H. pylori associated gastric carcinogenesis. The dietary factor has been suggested to play an important role in H. pylori related carcinogenesis, and in this respect several studies have corroborated the intake of various dietary components as modulatory factors for gastric cancer risk. In this review, such studies, from in vitro experiments to clinical trials, are being focused in detail with respect to enigma associated with H. pylori. It may be conceivably concluded from the available evidence that dietary factor can be a game changer in the scenario of Asian enigma, particularly in high risk population infected with virulent H. pylori strains, however further affirmation studies are desperately needed to achieve conclusive outcomes.
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Srivastava AK, Kumar V, Roy BK. Insights from the molecular docking of curcumin to the virulent factors of Helicobacter pylori. Bioinformation 2015; 11:447-53. [PMID: 26664028 PMCID: PMC4658642 DOI: 10.6026/97320630011447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The domains of virulent (Ureα/β, VacA-p55, and CagA) factors of Helicobacter pylori play a pivotal role in developmental processes of numerous diseases including gastric cancer. The pharmacological role of curcumin indicates that it could regulate the signaling of virulent factors by interacting with active domains. However, the controlling mechanism of the curcumin interactions and the binding diversity on structural basis of virulent (Ureα/β, VacA-p55, and CagA) factors are unknown. Curcumin as therapeutic agent was filtered by using Lipinski rule׳s five and the druglikeness property for assessment of pharmacological properties. Here outcome of molecular docking presented the 3-D structure of curcumin complex, that interacted with especially conserved residues of target domains. The structure revealed that the curcumin complexation with domains of these proteins provided structural insight into the diverse nature of proteins (Ureα/β, VacA-p55, and CagA) recognition. In silico study elucidated that the broad specificity of curcumin was achieved by multiple binding mode mechanisms such as distinct hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions with involvement of binding energy. The higher score of curcumin in complexation with both subunits Ureα/β showed the stable binding, and less stability with VacA-p55 complexation with lower score. Curcumin exhibited good interaction with these targeted virulent factors, although extensive interactions of curcumin with Ureα/β subunits could have an important implication to prevent survival and colonisation of H. pylori in stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Bijoy Krishna Roy
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Santos AM, Lopes T, Oleastro M, Gato IV, Floch P, Benejat L, Chaves P, Pereira T, Seixas E, Machado J, Guerreiro AS. Curcumin inhibits gastric inflammation induced by Helicobacter pylori infection in a mouse model. Nutrients 2015; 7:306-20. [PMID: 25569625 PMCID: PMC4303841 DOI: 10.3390/nu7010306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection triggers a sequence of gastric alterations starting with an inflammation of the gastric mucosa that, in some cases, evolves to gastric cancer. Efficient vaccination has not been achieved, thus it is essential to find alternative therapies, particularly in the nutritional field. The current study evaluated whether curcumin could attenuate inflammation of the gastric mucosa due to H. pylori infection. Twenty-eight C57BL/6 mice, were inoculated with the H. pylori SS1 strain; ten non-infected mice were used as controls. H. pylori infection in live mice was followed-up using a modified 13C-Urea Breath Test (13C-UBT) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histologically confirmed, gastritis was observed in 42% of infected non-treated mice at both 6 and 18 weeks post-infection. These mice showed an up-regulation of the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and MyD88, at both time points. Treatment with curcumin decreased the expression of all these mediators. No inflammation was observed by histology in this group. Curcumin treatment exerted a significant anti-inflammatory effect in H. pylori-infected mucosa, pointing to the promising role of a nutritional approach in the prevention of H. pylori induced deleterious inflammation while the eradication or prevention of colonization by effective vaccine is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- António M Santos
- Serviço de Medicina 4-Hospital de Santa Marta/Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Rua de Santa Marta, 50, 1169-024 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Lopes
- CEDOC-Nova Medical School-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Mónica Oleastro
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Inês Vale Gato
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Pauline Floch
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Bordeaux University, 146 rue Léo Saignat F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Lucie Benejat
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Bordeaux University, 146 rue Léo Saignat F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Paula Chaves
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica-Instituto Português de Oncologia Dr. Francisco Gentil, R. Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Pereira
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica-Instituto Português de Oncologia Dr. Francisco Gentil, R. Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Elsa Seixas
- CEDOC-Nova Medical School-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Machado
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - António S Guerreiro
- Serviço de Medicina 4-Hospital de Santa Marta/Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Rua de Santa Marta, 50, 1169-024 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Wang YC. Medicinal plant activity on Helicobacter pylori related diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10368-10382. [PMID: 25132753 PMCID: PMC4130844 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i30.10368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 50% of the world population is infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). The bacterium highly links to peptic ulcer diseases and duodenal ulcer, which was classified as a group I carcinogen in 1994 by the WHO. The pathogenesis of H. pylori is contributed by its virulence factors including urease, flagella, vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), cytotoxin-associated gene antigen (Cag A), and others. Of those virulence factors, VacA and CagA play the key roles. Infection with H. pylori vacA-positive strains can lead to vacuolation and apoptosis, whereas infection with cagA-positive strains might result in severe gastric inflammation and gastric cancer. Numerous medicinal plants have been reported for their anti-H. pylori activity, and the relevant active compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, quinones, coumarins, terpenoids, and alkaloids have been studied. The anti-H. pylori action mechanisms, including inhibition of enzymatic (urease, DNA gyrase, dihydrofolate reductase, N-acetyltransferase, and myeloperoxidase) and adhesive activities, high redox potential, and hydrophilic/hydrophobic natures of compounds, have also been discussed in detail. H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation may progress to superficial gastritis, atrophic gastritis, and finally gastric cancer. Many natural products have anti-H. pylori-induced inflammation activity and the relevant mechanisms include suppression of nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation and inhibition of oxidative stress. Anti-H. pylori induced gastric inflammatory effects of plant products, including quercetin, apigenin, carotenoids-rich algae, tea product, garlic extract, apple peel polyphenol, and finger-root extract, have been documented. In conclusion, many medicinal plant products possess anti-H. pylori activity as well as an anti-H. pylori-induced gastric inflammatory effect. Those plant products have showed great potential as pharmaceutical candidates for H. pylori eradication and H. pylori induced related gastric disease prevention.
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Zorofchian Moghadamtousi S, Abdul Kadir H, Hassandarvish P, Tajik H, Abubakar S, Zandi K. A review on antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activity of curcumin. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:186864. [PMID: 24877064 PMCID: PMC4022204 DOI: 10.1155/2014/186864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae family) and its polyphenolic compound curcumin have been subjected to a variety of antimicrobial investigations due to extensive traditional uses and low side effects. Antimicrobial activities for curcumin and rhizome extract of C. longa against different bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites have been reported. The promising results for antimicrobial activity of curcumin made it a good candidate to enhance the inhibitory effect of existing antimicrobial agents through synergism. Indeed, different investigations have been done to increase the antimicrobial activity of curcumin, including synthesis of different chemical derivatives to increase its water solubility as well ass cell up take of curcumin. This review aims to summarize previous antimicrobial studies of curcumin towards its application in the future studies as a natural antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Zorofchian Moghadamtousi
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Tajik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sazaly Abubakar
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Keivan Zandi
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 3631, Iran
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Ali MS, Pandit V, Jain M, Dhar KL. Mucoadhesive microparticulate drug delivery system of curcumin against Helicobacter pylori infection: Design, development and optimization. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2014; 5:48-56. [PMID: 24696817 PMCID: PMC3960795 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.126996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present research was to develop and characterize mucoadhesive microspheres of curcumin for the potential use of treating gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric and duodenal ulcer associated with Helicobacter pylori. Curcumin mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared using ethyl cellulose as a matrix and carbopol 934P as a mucoadhesive polymer by an emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. Response surface methodology was used for optimization of formulation using central composite design (CCD) for two factors at three levels each was employed to study the effect of independent variables, drug:polymer:polymer ratio (curcumin:ethylcellulose:carbopol 934P)(X1) and surfactant concentration (X2) on dependent variables, namely drug entrapment efficiency (DEE), percentage mucoadhesion (PM), in vitro drug release and particle size (PS). Optimized formulation was obtained using desirability approach of numerical optimization. The experimental values of DEE, PM, % release and PS after 8 h for the optimized formulation were found to be 50.256 ± 1.38%, 66.23%±0.06, 73.564 ± 1.32%, and 139.881 ± 2.56 μm, respectively, which were in close agreement with those predicted by the mathematical models. The drug release was also found to be slow and extended more than 8 h and release rates were fitted to the Power law equation and Higuchi model to compute the diffusional parameters. The prolonged stomach residence time of curcumin mucoadhesive microspheres might make a contribution to H. pylori complete eradication in combination with other antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Sajid Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Vinay Pandit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mahendra Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Kanhiya Lal Dhar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
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MEKK3 and TAK1 synergize to activate IKK complex in Helicobacter pylori infection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:715-24. [PMID: 24418622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonises the gastric epithelial cells of half of the world's population and represents a risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. In gastric epithelial cells H. pylori induces the immediate early response transcription factor nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NF-κB) and the innate immune response. We show that H. pylori induces in a type IV secretion system-dependent (T4SS) and cytotoxin associated gene A protein (CagA)-independent manner a transient activation of the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) kinase (IKK)-complex. IKKα and IKKβ expression stabilises the regulatory IKK complex subunit NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO). We provide evidence for an intimate mutual control of the IKK complex by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 (MEKK3) and transforming growth factor β activated kinase 1 (TAK1). TAK1 interacts transiently with the E3 ubiquitin ligase tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). Protein modifications in the TAK1 molecule, e.g. TAK1 autophosphorylation and K63-linked ubiquitinylation, administer NF-κB signalling including transient recruitment of the IKK-complex. Overall, our data uncover H. pylori-induced interactions and protein modifications of the IKK complex, and its upstream regulatory factors involved in NF-κB activation.
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Siva Mohan Reddy G, Jayaramudu J, Sadiku E, Sinha Ray S, Varaprasad K, Aderibigbe B. Application of cross-linked soy protein isolate with resorcinol films for release studies of naturally occurring bioactive agent with antiproliferative activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(14)50012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Heger M, van Golen RF, Broekgaarden M, Michel MC. The molecular basis for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of curcumin and its metabolites in relation to cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 66:222-307. [PMID: 24368738 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the oncopharmacological properties of curcumin at the molecular level. First, the interactions between curcumin and its molecular targets are addressed on the basis of curcumin's distinct chemical properties, which include H-bond donating and accepting capacity of the β-dicarbonyl moiety and the phenylic hydroxyl groups, H-bond accepting capacity of the methoxy ethers, multivalent metal and nonmetal cation binding properties, high partition coefficient, rotamerization around multiple C-C bonds, and the ability to act as a Michael acceptor. Next, the in vitro chemical stability of curcumin is elaborated in the context of its susceptibility to photochemical and chemical modification and degradation (e.g., alkaline hydrolysis). Specific modification and degradatory pathways are provided, which mainly entail radical-based intermediates, and the in vitro catabolites are identified. The implications of curcumin's (photo)chemical instability are addressed in light of pharmaceutical curcumin preparations, the use of curcumin analogues, and implementation of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of curcumin and its most important degradation products are detailed in light of curcumin's poor bioavailability. Particular emphasis is placed on xenobiotic phase I and II metabolism as well as excretion of curcumin in the intestines (first pass), the liver (second pass), and other organs in addition to the pharmacokinetics of curcumin metabolites and their systemic clearance. Lastly, a summary is provided of the clinical pharmacodynamics of curcumin followed by a detailed account of curcumin's direct molecular targets, whereby the phenotypical/biological changes induced in cancer cells upon completion of the curcumin-triggered signaling cascade(s) are addressed in the framework of the hallmarks of cancer. The direct molecular targets include the ErbB family of receptors, protein kinase C, enzymes involved in prostaglandin synthesis, vitamin D receptor, and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Heger
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Park SH, Kangwan N, Park JM, Kim EH, Hahm KB. Non-microbial approach for Helicobacter pylori as faster track to prevent gastric cancer than simple eradication. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:8986-95. [PMID: 24379623 PMCID: PMC3870551 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i47.8986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the International Agency for Research on Cancer declared Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) as a definite human carcinogen in 1994, the Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research only recently (February 2013) adopted the position that H. pylori infection should be considered as an indication for either amelioration of chronic gastritis or for decreasing gastric cancer mortality. Japanese researchers have found that H. pylori eradication halts progressive mucosal damage and that successful eradication in patients with non-atrophic gastritis most likely prevents subsequent development of gastric cancer. However, those who have already developed atrophic gastritis/gastric atrophy retain potential risk factors for gastric cancer. Because chronic perpetuated progression of H. pylori-associated gastric inflammation is associated with increased morbidity culminating in gastric carcinogenesis, a non-microbial approach to treatment that provides long-term control of gastric inflammation through nutrients and other interventions may be an effective way to decrease this morbidity. This non-microbial approach might represent a new form of prerequisite "rescue" therapy that provides a quicker path to the prevention of gastric cancer as compared to simple eradication.
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Sokolova O, Borgmann M, Rieke C, Schweitzer K, Rothkötter HJ, Naumann M. Helicobacter pylori induces type 4 secretion system-dependent, but CagA-independent activation of IκBs and NF-κB/RelA at early time points. Int J Med Microbiol 2013; 303:548-52. [PMID: 23972614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonization of the gastric epithelium by Helicobacter pylori induces the transcription factor nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NF-κB) and the innate immune response. Virulent strains of H. pylori carry a cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI), which encodes a type IV secretion system (T4SS). Recent publications have shown controversial data regarding the role of the T4SS and the effector protein cytotoxin associated gene A (CagA), which becomes translocated by the T4SS into the eukaryotic epithelial cell, in H. pylori-induced NF-κB activation. Thus, this study analyses by using three different H. pylori strains (P1, B128 and G27) whether CagA is required to initiate activation of different molecules of inhibitors of kappa B (IκB) and the NF-κB transcription factor RelA. We provide experimental evidence that H. pylori induces phosphorylation of NF-κB inhibitors IκBα, IκBβ and IκBɛ, and degradation of IκBα. Further, H. pylori stimulates phosphorylation of RelA at amino acids S536, S468 and S276, promotes DNA binding of RelA, and interleukin 8 (IL-8) gene expression in a T4SS-, but CagA-independent manner at early time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sokolova
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Lee WH, Loo CY, Bebawy M, Luk F, Mason RS, Rohanizadeh R. Curcumin and its derivatives: their application in neuropharmacology and neuroscience in the 21st century. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 11:338-78. [PMID: 24381528 PMCID: PMC3744901 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11311040002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a polyphenol extracted from the plant Curcuma longa, is widely used in Southeast Asia, China and India in food preparation and for medicinal purposes. Since the second half of the last century, this traditional medicine has attracted the attention of scientists from multiple disciplines to elucidate its pharmacological properties. Of significant interest is curcumin's role to treat neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) and malignancy. These diseases all share an inflammatory basis, involving increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and oxidative damage to lipids, nucleic acids and proteins. The therapeutic benefits of curcumin for these neurodegenerative diseases appear multifactorial via regulation of transcription factors, cytokines and enzymes associated with (Nuclear factor kappa beta) NFκB activity. This review describes the historical use of curcumin in medicine, its chemistry, stability and biological activities, including curcumin's anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The review further discusses the pharmacology of curcumin and provides new perspectives on its therapeutic potential and limitations. Especially, the review focuses in detail on the effectiveness of curcumin and its mechanism of actions in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Hin Lee
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ching-Yee Loo
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney PO Box 123 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Frederick Luk
- School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney PO Box 123 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Rebecca S Mason
- Physiology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ramin Rohanizadeh
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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The possible roles of vitamin D and curcumin in treating gonorrhea. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:131-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Spasmolytic effect of curcumin on goat ruminal artery is endothelium independent and by activation of sGC. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:588-93. [PMID: 23714042 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to study the mechanism of action of curcumin in vasomotion of a physiologically important artery of ruminant i.e. ruminal artery. ACh and SNP were used to study the role of endothelium in relaxation of this artery. Vasorelaxatation by curcumin was studied in a dose dependent manner, on rings precontracted with 5-hydroxy tryptamine and noradrenalin, in presence and absence of L-NAME, 4AP, ODQ and 4AP+ODQ combination. SNP (1 ηM-100 μM) produced a significant relaxation compared to ACh (0.1-100 μM) on 5-HT (10 μM) and NA (10 μM) induced contraction in endothelium intact rings. Curcumin (10 ηM-100 μM) relaxed the vascular rings in dose dependent manner with maximal relaxation up to 20.94% and 13.81% in 5-HT and NA induced contraction, respectively which was potently blocked by ODQ (10 μM) and combination of 4AP and ODQ (10 μM) but 4AP (10 μM) and L-NAME (100 μM) alone could not block the relaxation and interestingly we observed a slight increase in the tension at higher dose of the agonist (>10 μM). Therefore in goat ruminal artery, curcumin at least in part, act via direct activation of sGC mediated cGMP pathway followed by opening of K(+) ion channel. However other mechanisms may not be ruled out.
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Jin QH, Shen HX, Wang H, Shou QY, Liu Q. Curcumin improves expression of SCF/c-kit through attenuating oxidative stress and NF-κB activation in gastric tissues of diabetic gastroparesis rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2013; 5:12. [PMID: 23448582 PMCID: PMC3630009 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-5-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is associated with many kinds of complications. Recent studies have shown that oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions have critical roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic gastroparesis. Curcumin is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we investigated the effect of curcumin on diabetic gastric motility in a Sprague Dawley rat model of type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Male SD rats were divided into a control group, a control group receiving curcumin, a diabetic group, and a diabetic group receiving curcumin. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Curcumin (150 mg/kg) was given intragastrically for 6 weeks, and blood glucose levels and body weights were measured. Stomachs were excised for analysis of gastric emptying rates, and levels of oxidative stress. NF-κB, I-κB, and stem cell factor (SCF)/c-kit protein levels were assessed by western blot analysis, while the apoptosis of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) was assessed by TUNEL staining. RESULTS Curcumin-treated diabetic rats showed significantly improved gastric emptying rates [(59.4 ± 7.5)%] compared with diabetic rats [(44.3 ± 5.7)%], as well as decreased levels of MDA [21.4 ± 1.8 (nmol/mg) vs 27.9 ± 2.1 (nmol/mg)], and increased SOD activity [126.2 ± 8.8 (units/mg) vs 107.9 ± 7.5 (units/mg)]. On the other hand, the gastric emptying level in the control group was not significantly different from that in the control group receiving curcumin treatment. In addition, curcumin-treated diabetic rats showed significantly increased levels of SCF/c-kit protein in stomach tissues, inhibited I-κB degradation and NF-κB activation, and reduced ICC apoptosis index [(26.2 ± 4.1)% vs (47.5 ± 6.2)%], compared with the diabetic group. CONCLUSION Curcumin treatment improved gastric emptying by blocking the production of oxidative stress, abolishing NF-κB signal transduction and enhancing expression of SCF/c-kit in rats with diabetic gastroparesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Hui Jin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Second affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Xia Shen
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Science and Education, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi-Yang Shou
- Department of Animal experimental center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Second affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Rishi P, Singh AP, Arora S, Garg N, Kaur IP. Revisiting eukaryotic anti-infective biotherapeutics. Crit Rev Microbiol 2013; 40:281-92. [PMID: 23317462 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2012.749210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging drug resistance has forced the scientific community to revisit the observational data documented in the folklore and come up with novel and effective alternatives. Candidates from eukaryotic origin including herbal products and antimicrobial peptides are finding a strategic place in the therapeutic armamentarium against infectious diseases. These agents have recently gained interest owing to their versatile applications. Present review encompasses the use of these alternative strategies in their native or designer form, alone or in conjunction with antibiotics, as possible remedial measures. Further to this, the limitations or the possible concerns associated with these options are also discussed at length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Rishi
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University , Chandigarh, Chandigarh , India and
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Effect of resveratrol and modulation of cytokine production on human periodontal ligament cells. Cytokine 2012; 60:197-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tag H, Kalita P, Dwivedi P, Das AK, Namsa ND. Herbal medicines used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Arunachal Himalaya, northeast, India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:786-795. [PMID: 22433536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants have played an important role in treating and preventing a variety of diseases throughout the world. Khampti tribal people living in the far-flung Lohit district of the Eastern Arunachal Himalaya, India still depend on medicinal plants and most of them have a general knowledge of medicinal plants which are used for treating a variety of ailments. This survey was undertaken in Lohit district in order to inventory the medicinal plants used in folk medicine to treat diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Field investigations were conducted in seventeen remote villages of Lohit district starting from April 2002 to May 2004 through interviews among 251 key informants who were selected randomly during our household survey. To elucidate community domains and determine differences in indigenous traditional knowledge of medicinal plants with anti-diabetic efficacy, we repeated our field survey starting from April 2008 to May 2010 with one hundred traditional healers locally called as "Chau ya" in Khampti of Lohit district. "Chau ya" traditional healers who know and use medicinal plants for treating diabetes mellitus were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. RESULTS This study reports an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh reputed for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Forty-six plant species were identified in the study area to treat diabetes mellitus by the Khamptis "Chau ya" traditional healers. Comparative published literature survey analysis of this study with other ethnobotanical surveys of plants used traditionally in treating diabetes mellitus suggests that eleven plant species make claims of new reports on antidiabetic efficacy. These plant species are Begonia roxburghii, Calamus tenuis, Callicarpa arborea, Cuscuta reflexa, Dillenia indica, Diplazium esculentum, Lectuca gracilis, Millingtonia hortensis, Oxalis griffithii, Saccharum spontaneum, and Solanum viarum. Some of the plants reported in this study have an antidiabetic effect on rodent models but none have sufficient clinical evidence of effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS The wide variety of medicinal plants that are used to treat diabetes mellitus in this area supports the importance of plants in the primary healthcare system of the rural people of Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh. The finding of new plant uses in the current study reveals the importance of the documentation of such ethnobotanical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tag
- Plant Systematic and Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Itanagar 791112, Arunachal Pradesh, India
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Zaidi SF, Muhammad JS, Shahryar S, Usmanghani K, Gilani AH, Jafri W, Sugiyama T. Anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of selected Pakistani medicinal plants in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:403-10. [PMID: 22433535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Due to its high global prevalence and uprising resistance to available antibiotics, efforts are now directed to identify alternative source to treat and prevent associated disorders. In the present study, effect of selected indigenous medicinal plants of Pakistan was evaluated on the secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a bid to rationalize their medicinal use and to examine the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects in gastric epithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS AGS cells and clinically isolated Helicobacter pylori strain (193C) were employed for co-culture experiments. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and cytotoxic effects of the selected plants were determined by serial dilution method and DNA fragmentation assay respectively. ELISA and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the effect on IL-8 secretion and ROS generation in Helicobacter pylori-infected cells. RESULTS At 100μg/ml, extracts of Alpinia galangal, Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum tamala, Mentha arvensis, Myrtus communis, Oligochaeta ramose, Polygonum bistorta, Rosa damascena, Ruta graveolens, Syzygium aromaticum, Tamarix dioica, and Terminalia chebula exhibited strong inhibitory activity against IL-8 secretion. Of these, four extracts of Cinnamomum cassia, Myrtus communis, Syzygium aromaticum, and Terminalia chebula markedly inhibited IL-8 secretion at both 50 and 100μg/ml. Cinnamomum cassia was further assessed at different concentrations against Helicobacter pylori and TNF-α stimulated IL-8 secretion, which displayed significant suppression of IL-8 in a concentration-dependent-manner. Among the plants examined against ROS generation, Achillea millefolium, Berberis aristata, Coriandrum sativum, Foeniculum vulgare, Matricaria chamomilla and Prunus domestica demonstrated significant suppression of ROS from Helicobacter pylori-infected cells (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Results of the study revealed anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of selected medicinal plants which could partially validate the traditional use of these plants in GI disorders particularly associated with Helicobacter pylori. Furthermore, results obtained may lead to possible future candidates of chemoprevention against peptic ulcer or gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faisal Zaidi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Esatbeyoglu T, Huebbe P, Ernst IMA, Chin D, Wagner AE, Rimbach G. Curcumin--from molecule to biological function. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:5308-32. [PMID: 22566109 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 604] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Turmeric is traditionally used as a spice and coloring in foods. It is an important ingredient in curry and gives curry powder its characteristic yellow color. As a consequence of its intense yellow color, turmeric, or curcumin (food additive E100), is used as a food coloring (e.g. mustard). Turmeric contains the curcuminoids curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Recently, the health properties (neuroprotection, chemo-, and cancer prevention) of curcuminoids have gained increasing attention. Curcuminoids induce endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms in the organism and have anti-inflammatory activity. Curcuminoids influence gene expression as well as epigenetic mechanisms. Synthetic curcumin analogues also exhibit biological activity. This Review describes the development of curcumin from a "traditional" spice and food coloring to a "modern" biological regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Abteilung Lebensmittelwissenschaft, Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland
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Esatbeyoglu T, Huebbe P, Ernst IMA, Chin D, Wagner AE, Rimbach G. Curcumin - vom Molekül zur biologischen Wirkung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Marathe SA, Dasgupta I, Gnanadhas DP, Chakravortty D. Multifaceted roles of curcumin: two sides of a coin! Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 11:1485-1499. [PMID: 21942554 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.623124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Curcumin has been a front-line topic of mainstream scientific research for a variety of diseases from cancer to Alzheimer's to infectious diseases. Curcumin suppresses the type 1 immune response, which might lead to alleviation of type 1 immune response disorders. However, the inhibition of type 1 immune response might invite infections with opportunistic pathogens. Considering its low bioavailability, several curcumin derivatives have been designed to improve its functionality. AREAS COVERED This is a consolidated review which aims to compare and contrast diverse aspects of curcumin in variety of diseases. The intricate underlying mechanisms and the functional determinants of curcumin are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Curcumin being considered as a spicy panacea, is not a remedy for all diseases. However, its ability to act differentially as an anti-oxidant or pro-oxidant akin to that of a double-edged sword/friend turning foe can be either beneficial or harmful for the host. It exhibits anti-oxidant properties at concentrations achievable in the body, making the host vulnerable to infections due to the suppression of innate immune responses. With the increase in knowledge of its functional groups, production of analogues of curcumin is underway to enhance its bioavailability and hence its therapeutic potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya A Marathe
- Indian Institute of Science, Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Biosafety Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Bangalore 560012, India
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Na HS, Cha MH, Oh DR, Cho CW, Rhee JH, Kim YR. Protective mechanism of curcumin against Vibrio vulnificus infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:355-62. [PMID: 22092562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2011.00855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic flavonoid extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L., has many beneficial biological activities. However, there are relatively few reports of the effects of curcumin on pathogen infections. This study examined the effect of curcumin on a Vibrio vulnificus infection. The cytotoxicity of V. vulnificus to HeLa cells was significantly inhibited by curcumin (at 10 or 30 μM). To further examine the inhibitory mechanism of curcumin against V. vulnificus-mediated cytotoxicity, the level of bacterial growth, bacterial motility, cell adhesion, RTX toxin expression and host cell reactions were evaluated. Curcumin inhibited V. vulnificus growth in HI broth. Curcumin inhibited both bacterial adhesion and RTX toxin binding to the host cells, which can be considered the major protective mechanisms for the decrease in V. vulnificus cytotoxicity. Curcumin also inhibited host cell rounding and actin aggregation, which are the early features of cell death caused by V. vulnificus. In addition, curcumin decreased the V. vulnificus-induced NF-κB translocation in HeLa cells. Finally, curcumin protected mice from V. vulnificus-induced septicemia. In conclusion, curcumin may be an alternative antimicrobial agent against fatal bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sam Na
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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Chen O, Li CP, Luo B, Feng Q, Ma CH, Feng KX. Efficacy of curcumin in the management of dextan sulphate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:680-686. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i7.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice.
METHODS: Sixty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal group, experimental colitis group (administered with 5% DSS solution), curcumin treatment group (administered with 5% DSS solution and intraperitoneally injected with curcumin, 30 mg/kg body weight), dexamethasone treatment group (administered with 5% DSS solution and intraperitoneally injected with dexamethasone, 0.4 mg/kg body weight). The severity of colitis was evaluated using the disease activity index (DAI) score, and colonic mucosal histological changes were observed by HE staining. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in colonic tissue were determined by ELISA. The expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in intestinal inflammatory cells was determined by immunohistochemistry. The expression of inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) in intestinal inflammatory cells was determined by Western blot.
RESULTS: Compared with the normal group and experimental colitis group, treatment with curcumin significantly improved symptoms, reduced colonic DAI and histological scores (DAI: 1.64 ± 0.92, 2.80 ± 0.92 vs 7.67 ± 1.56; histological scores: 1.36 ± 0.50, 2.00 ± 0.67 vs 2.83 ± 0.83, all P < 0.01), and decreased the levels of colonic TNF-α and IL-6 (TNF-α: 102.75 ± 3.52 vs 75.91 ± 1.59, 78.25 ± 2.15; IL-6: 80.94 ± 3.26 vs 59.65 ± 1.39, 65.57 ± 4.04, all P < 0.01). Curcumin decreased the expression of NF-κB (2.73 ± 0.79, 4.22 ± 1.09 vs 7.92 ± 1.24, both P < 0.01) and degradation of IκBα more significantly than dexamethasone.
CONCLUSION: Curcumin has a positive effect in treating DSS-induced colitis in mice. The therapeutic effect of curcumin is superior to dexamethasone. Curcumin reduces colonic inflammation by decreasing the expression of NF-κB and modulating the release of cytokines.
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Kundu P, De R, Pal I, Mukhopadhyay AK, Saha DR, Swarnakar S. Curcumin alleviates matrix metalloproteinase-3 and -9 activities during eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in cultured cells and mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16306. [PMID: 21283694 PMCID: PMC3025008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapy-regimens against Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infections have considerable failure rates and adverse side effects that urge the quest for an effective alternative therapy. We have shown that curcumin is capable of eradicating Hp-infection in mice. Here we examine the mechanism by which curcumin protects Hp infection in cultured cells and mice. Since, MMP-3 and -9 are inflammatory molecules associated to the pathogenesis of Hp-infection, we investigated the role of curcumin on inflammatory MMPs as well as proinflammatory molecules. Curcumin dose dependently suppressed MMP-3 and -9 expression in Hp infected human gastric epithelial (AGS) cells. Consistently, Hp-eradication by curcumin-therapy involved significant downregulation of MMP-3 and -9 activities and expression in both cytotoxic associated gene (cag)(+ve) and cag(-ve) Hp-infected mouse gastric tissues. Moreover, we demonstrate that the conventional triple therapy (TT) alleviated MMP-3 and -9 activities less efficiently than curcumin and curcumin's action on MMPs was linked to decreased pro-inflammatory molecules and activator protein-1 activation in Hp-infected gastric tissues. Although both curcumin and TT were associated with MMP-3 and -9 downregulation during Hp-eradication, but unlike TT, curcumin enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and inhibitor of kappa B-α. These data indicate that curcumin-mediated healing of Hp-infection involves regulation of MMP-3 and -9 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Kundu
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Ronita De
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Ipsita Pal
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Dhira Rani Saha
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
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