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Branzei D, Bene S, Gangwani L, Szakal B. The multifaceted roles of the Ctf4 replisome hub in the maintenance of genome integrity. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 142:103742. [PMID: 39137555 PMCID: PMC11425796 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
At the core of cellular life lies a carefully orchestrated interplay of DNA replication, recombination, chromatin assembly, sister-chromatid cohesion and transcription. These fundamental processes, while seemingly discrete, are inextricably linked during genome replication. A set of replisome factors integrate various DNA transactions and contribute to the transient formation of sister chromatid junctions involving either the cohesin complex or DNA four-way junctions. The latter structures serve DNA damage bypass and may have additional roles in replication fork stabilization or in marking regions of replication fork blockage. Here, we will discuss these concepts based on the ability of one replisome component, Ctf4, to act as a hub and functionally link these processes during DNA replication to ensure genome maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Branzei
- The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, IFOM ETS, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy; Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Szabolcs Bene
- The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, IFOM ETS, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Laxman Gangwani
- Bond Life Sciences Center and Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Barnabas Szakal
- The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, IFOM ETS, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
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2
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Amitzi L, Cozma E, Tong AHY, Chan K, Ross C, O'Neil N, Moffat J, Stirling P, Hieter P. Mapping of DDX11 genetic interactions defines sister chromatid cohesion as the major dependency. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae052. [PMID: 38478595 PMCID: PMC11075568 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
DDX11/Chl1R is a conserved DNA helicase with roles in genome maintenance, DNA replication, and chromatid cohesion. Loss of DDX11 in humans leads to the rare cohesinopathy Warsaw breakage syndrome. DDX11 has also been implicated in human cancer where it has been proposed to have an oncogenic role and possibly to constitute a therapeutic target. Given the multiple roles of DDX11 in genome stability and its potential as an anticancer target, we set out to define a complete genetic interaction profile of DDX11 loss in human cell lines. Screening the human genome with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) guide RNA drop out screens in DDX11-wildtype (WT) or DDX11-deficient cells revealed a strong enrichment of genes with functions related to sister chromatid cohesion. We confirm synthetic lethal relationships between DDX11 and the tumor suppressor cohesin subunit STAG2, which is frequently mutated in several cancer types and the kinase HASPIN. This screen highlights the importance of cohesion in cells lacking DDX11 and suggests DDX11 may be a therapeutic target for tumors with mutations in STAG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Amitzi
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ecaterina Cozma
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Institute, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Amy Hin Yan Tong
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Katherine Chan
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Catherine Ross
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Nigel O'Neil
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S1A8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S3E1, Canada
| | - Peter Stirling
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Institute, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Philip Hieter
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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3
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Batté A, van der Horst SC, Tittel-Elmer M, Sun SM, Sharma S, van Leeuwen J, Chabes A, van Attikum H. Chl1 helicase controls replication fork progression by regulating dNTP pools. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/4/e202101153. [PMID: 35017203 PMCID: PMC8761496 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chl1 helicase affects RPA-dependent checkpoint activation after replication fork arrest by ensuring proper dNTP levels, thereby controlling replication fork progression under stress conditions. Eukaryotic cells have evolved a replication stress response that helps to overcome stalled/collapsed replication forks and ensure proper DNA replication. The replication checkpoint protein Mrc1 plays important roles in these processes, although its functional interactions are not fully understood. Here, we show that MRC1 negatively interacts with CHL1, which encodes the helicase protein Chl1, suggesting distinct roles for these factors during the replication stress response. Indeed, whereas Mrc1 is known to facilitate the restart of stalled replication forks, we uncovered that Chl1 controls replication fork rate under replication stress conditions. Chl1 loss leads to increased RNR1 gene expression and dNTP levels at the onset of S phase likely without activating the DNA damage response. This in turn impairs the formation of RPA-coated ssDNA and subsequent checkpoint activation. Thus, the Chl1 helicase affects RPA-dependent checkpoint activation in response to replication fork arrest by ensuring proper intracellular dNTP levels, thereby controlling replication fork progression under replication stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Batté
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Mireille Tittel-Elmer
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Su Ming Sun
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sushma Sharma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jolanda van Leeuwen
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland
| | - Andrei Chabes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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4
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van Schie JJM, Faramarz A, Balk JA, Stewart GS, Cantelli E, Oostra AB, Rooimans MA, Parish JL, de Almeida Estéves C, Dumic K, Barisic I, Diderich KEM, van Slegtenhorst MA, Mahtab M, Pisani FM, Te Riele H, Ameziane N, Wolthuis RMF, de Lange J. Warsaw Breakage Syndrome associated DDX11 helicase resolves G-quadruplex structures to support sister chromatid cohesion. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4287. [PMID: 32855419 PMCID: PMC7452896 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Warsaw Breakage Syndrome (WABS) is a rare disorder related to cohesinopathies and Fanconi anemia, caused by bi-allelic mutations in DDX11. Here, we report multiple compound heterozygous WABS cases, each displaying destabilized DDX11 protein and residual DDX11 function at the cellular level. Patient-derived cell lines exhibit sensitivity to topoisomerase and PARP inhibitors, defective sister chromatid cohesion and reduced DNA replication fork speed. Deleting DDX11 in RPE1-TERT cells inhibits proliferation and survival in a TP53-dependent manner and causes chromosome breaks and cohesion defects, independent of the expressed pseudogene DDX12p. Importantly, G-quadruplex (G4) stabilizing compounds induce chromosome breaks and cohesion defects which are strongly aggravated by inactivation of DDX11 but not FANCJ. The DNA helicase domain of DDX11 is essential for sister chromatid cohesion and resistance to G4 stabilizers. We propose that DDX11 is a DNA helicase protecting against G4 induced double-stranded breaks and concomitant loss of cohesion, possibly at DNA replication forks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne J M van Schie
- Section of Oncogenetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Atiq Faramarz
- Section of Oncogenetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jesper A Balk
- Section of Oncogenetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Grant S Stewart
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Erika Cantelli
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke B Oostra
- Section of Oncogenetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin A Rooimans
- Section of Oncogenetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joanna L Parish
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Katja Dumic
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ingeborg Barisic
- Children's Hospital Zagreb, Center of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Medical School University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karin E M Diderich
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mohammad Mahtab
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biologia Cellulare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca M Pisani
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biologia Cellulare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Hein Te Riele
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Najim Ameziane
- Section of Oncogenetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Centogene, Am Strande 7, 18055, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rob M F Wolthuis
- Section of Oncogenetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Job de Lange
- Section of Oncogenetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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5
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Hsp90 Is Essential for Chl1-Mediated Chromosome Segregation and Sister Chromatid Cohesion. mSphere 2018; 3:3/3/e00225-18. [PMID: 29875144 PMCID: PMC5990887 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00225-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, Hsp90 functional loss has been linked to aneuploidy; however, until now none of the components of sister chromatid cohesion (SCC) have been demonstrated as the putative clients of Hsp90. In this study, we have established that Chl1, the protein which is involved in maintaining sister chromatid cohesion as well as in preventing chromosome loss, is a direct client of Hsp90. Thus, with understanding of the molecular mechanism, how Hsp90 controls the cohesion machinery might reveal new insights which can be exploited further for attenuation of tumorigenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that aberrant sister chromatid cohesion causes genomic instability and hence is responsible for the development of a tumor. The Chl1 (chromosome loss 1) protein (homolog of human ChlRl/DDX11 helicase) plays an essential role in the proper segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. The helicase activity of Chl1 is critical for sister chromatid cohesion. Our study demonstrates that Hsp90 interacts with Chl1 and is necessary for its stability. We observe that the Hsp90 nonfunctional condition (temperature-sensitive iG170Dhsp82 strain at restrictive temperature) induces proteasomal degradation of Chl1. We have mapped the domains of Chl1 and identified that the presence of domains II, III, and IV is essential for efficient interaction with Hsp90. We have demonstrated that Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG (17-allylamino-geldenamycin) causes destabilization of Chl1 protein and enhances significant disruption of sister chromatid cohesion, which is comparable to that observed under the Δchl1 condition. Our study also revealed that 17-AAG treatment causes an increased frequency of chromosome loss to a similar extent as that of the Δchl1 cells. Hsp90 functional loss has been earlier linked to aneuploidy with very poor mechanistic insight. Our result identifies Chl1 as a novel client of Hsp90, which could be further explored to gain mechanistic insight into aneuploidy. IMPORTANCE Recently, Hsp90 functional loss has been linked to aneuploidy; however, until now none of the components of sister chromatid cohesion (SCC) have been demonstrated as the putative clients of Hsp90. In this study, we have established that Chl1, the protein which is involved in maintaining sister chromatid cohesion as well as in preventing chromosome loss, is a direct client of Hsp90. Thus, with understanding of the molecular mechanism, how Hsp90 controls the cohesion machinery might reveal new insights which can be exploited further for attenuation of tumorigenesis.
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6
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Li Y, Li Z, Wu R, Han Z, Zhu W. And-1 is required for homologous recombination repair by regulating DNA end resection. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:2531-2545. [PMID: 27940557 PMCID: PMC5389477 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a major mechanism to repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Although tumor suppressor CtIP is critical for DSB end resection, a key initial event of HR repair, the mechanism regulating the recruitment of CtIP to DSB sites remains largely unknown. Here, we show that acidic nucleoplasmic DNA‐binding protein 1 (And‐1) forms complexes with CtIP as well as other repair proteins, and is essential for HR repair by regulating DSB end resection. Furthermore, And-1 is recruited to DNA DSB sites in a manner dependent on MDC1, BRCA1 and ATM, down-regulation of And-1 impairs end resection by reducing the recruitment of CtIP to damage sites, and considerably reduces Chk1 activation and other damage response during HR repair. These findings collectively demonstrate a hitherto unknown role of MDC1→And-1→CtIP axis that regulates CtIP-mediated DNA end resection and cellular response to DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Science, 2300 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Zongzhu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Science, 2300 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Ruiqin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Science, 2300 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Zhiyong Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Science, 2300 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Wenge Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Science, 2300 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20037, USA
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7
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Guan C, Li J, Sun D, Liu Y, Liang H. The structure and polymerase-recognition mechanism of the crucial adaptor protein AND-1 in the human replisome. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:9627-9636. [PMID: 28381552 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.758524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication in eukaryotic cells is performed by a multiprotein complex called the replisome, which consists of helicases, polymerases, and adaptor molecules. Human acidic nucleoplasmic DNA-binding protein 1 (AND-1), also known as WD repeat and high mobility group (HMG)-box DNA-binding protein 1 (WDHD1), is an adaptor molecule crucial for DNA replication. Although structural information for the AND-1 yeast ortholog is available, the mechanistic details for how human AND-1 protein anchors the lagging-strand DNA polymerase α (pol α) to the DNA helicase complex (Cdc45-MCM2-7-GINS, CMG) await elucidation. Here, we report the structures of the N-terminal WD40 and SepB domains of human AND-1, as well as a biochemical analysis of the C-terminal HMG domain. We show that AND-1 exists as a homotrimer mediated by the SepB domain. Mutant study results suggested that a positively charged groove within the SepB domain provides binding sites for pol α. Different from its ortholog protein in budding yeast, human AND-1 is recruited to the CMG complex, mediated by unknown participants other than Go Ichi Ni San. In addition, we show that AND-1 binds to DNA in vitro, using its C-terminal HMG domain. In conclusion, our findings provide important insights into the mechanistic details of human AND-1 function, advancing our understanding of replisome formation during eukaryotic replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Guan
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 and.,the College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Li
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 and.,the College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dapeng Sun
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 and
| | - Yingfang Liu
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 and
| | - Huanhuan Liang
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 and
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8
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Replisome function during replicative stress is modulated by histone h3 lysine 56 acetylation through Ctf4. Genetics 2015; 199:1047-63. [PMID: 25697176 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.114.173856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H3 lysine 56 acetylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for the maintenance of genome stability under normal conditions and upon DNA replication stress. Here we show that in the absence of H3 lysine 56 acetylation replisome components become deleterious when replication forks collapse at natural replication block sites. This lethality is not a direct consequence of chromatin assembly defects during replication fork progression. Rather, our genetic analyses suggest that in the presence of replicative stress H3 lysine 56 acetylation uncouples the Cdc45-Mcm2-7-GINS DNA helicase complex and DNA polymerases through the replisome component Ctf4. In addition, we discovered that the N-terminal domain of Ctf4, necessary for the interaction of Ctf4 with Mms22, an adaptor protein of the Rtt101-Mms1 E3 ubiquitin ligase, is required for the function of the H3 lysine 56 acetylation pathway, suggesting that replicative stress promotes the interaction between Ctf4 and Mms22. Taken together, our results indicate that Ctf4 is an essential member of the H3 lysine 56 acetylation pathway and provide novel mechanistic insights into understanding the role of H3 lysine 56 acetylation in maintaining genome stability upon replication stress.
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9
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Fumasoni M, Zwicky K, Vanoli F, Lopes M, Branzei D. Error-free DNA damage tolerance and sister chromatid proximity during DNA replication rely on the Polα/Primase/Ctf4 Complex. Mol Cell 2015; 57:812-823. [PMID: 25661486 PMCID: PMC4352764 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal replication is entwined with DNA damage tolerance (DDT) and chromatin structure establishment via elusive mechanisms. Here we examined how specific replication conditions affecting replisome architecture and repriming impact on DDT. We show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Polα/Primase/Ctf4 mutants, proficient in bulk DNA replication, are defective in recombination-mediated damage-bypass by template switching (TS) and have reduced sister chromatid cohesion. The decrease in error-free DDT is accompanied by increased usage of mutagenic DDT, fork reversal, and higher rates of genome rearrangements mediated by faulty strand annealing. Notably, the DDT defects of Polα/Primase/Ctf4 mutants are not the consequence of increased sister chromatid distance, but are instead caused by altered single-stranded DNA metabolism and abnormal replication fork topology. We propose that error-free TS is driven by timely replicative helicase-coupled re-priming. Defects in this event impact on replication fork architecture and sister chromatid proximity, and represent a frequent source of chromosome lesions upon replication dysfunctions. Polα/Primase and cohesin support damage tolerance and sister chromatid proximity Artificial cohesion bypasses cohesin, but not Polα/Primase role in recombination Defects in Polα/Primase cause faulty strand annealing and reversed fork formation Altered ssDNA metabolism underlies Polα/Primase mutants damage tolerance defects
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fumasoni
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Katharina Zwicky
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Vanoli
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dana Branzei
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy.
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10
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Rudra S, Skibbens RV. Chl1 DNA helicase regulates Scc2 deposition specifically during DNA-replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75435. [PMID: 24086532 PMCID: PMC3784445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved family of cohesin proteins that mediate sister chromatid cohesion requires Scc2, Scc4 for chromatin-association and Eco1/Ctf7 for conversion to a tethering competent state. A popular model, based on the notion that cohesins form huge ring-like structures, is that Scc2, Scc4 function is essential only during G1 such that sister chromatid cohesion results simply from DNA replisome passage through pre-loaded cohesin rings. In such a scenario, cohesin deposition during G1 is temporally uncoupled from Eco1-dependent establishment reactions that occur during S-phase. Chl1 DNA helicase (homolog of human ChlR1/DDX11 and BACH1/BRIP1/FANCJ helicases implicated in Fanconi anemia, breast and ovarian cancer and Warsaw Breakage Syndrome) plays a critical role in sister chromatid cohesion, however, the mechanism through which Chl1 promotes cohesion remains poorly understood. Here, we report that Chl1 promotes Scc2 loading unto DNA such that both Scc2 and cohesin enrichment to chromatin are defective in chl1 mutant cells. The results further show that both Chl1 expression and chromatin-recruitment are tightly regulated through the cell cycle, peaking during S-phase. Importantly, kinetic ChIP studies reveals that Chl1 is required for Scc2 chromatin-association specifically during S-phase, but not during G1. Despite normal chromatin enrichment of both Scc2 and cohesin during G1, chl1 mutant cells exhibit severe chromosome segregation and cohesion defects--revealing that G1-loaded cohesins is insufficient to promote cohesion. Based on these findings, we propose a new model wherein S-phase cohesin loading occurs during DNA replication and in concert with both cohesion establishment and chromatin assembly reactions--challenging the notion that DNA replication fork navigates through or around pre-loaded cohesin rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Rudra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert V. Skibbens
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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11
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Shah N, Inoue A, Woo Lee S, Beishline K, Lahti JM, Noguchi E. Roles of ChlR1 DNA helicase in replication recovery from DNA damage. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2244-53. [PMID: 23797032 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ChlR1 DNA helicase is mutated in Warsaw breakage syndrome characterized by developmental anomalies, chromosomal breakage, and sister chromatid cohesion defects. However, the mechanism by which ChlR1 preserves genomic integrity is largely unknown. Here, we describe the roles of ChlR1 in DNA replication recovery. We show that ChlR1 depletion renders human cells highly sensitive to cisplatin; an interstrand-crosslinking agent that causes stalled replication forks. ChlR1 depletion also causes accumulation of DNA damage in response to cisplatin, leading to a significant delay in resolution of DNA damage. We also report that ChlR1-depleted cells display defects in the repair of double-strand breaks induced by the I-PpoI endonuclease and bleomycin. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ChlR1-depeleted cells show significant delays in replication recovery after cisplatin treatment. Taken together, our results indicate that ChlR1 plays an important role in efficient DNA repair during DNA replication, which may facilitate efficient establishment of sister chromatid cohesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyant Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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12
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Abstract
Interstrand crosslinks covalently link complementary DNA strands, block replication and transcription, and can trigger cell death. In eukaryotic systems several pathways, including the Fanconi Anemia pathway, are involved in repairing interstrand crosslinks, but their precise mechanisms remain enigmatic. The lack of functional homologs in simpler model organisms has significantly hampered progress in this field. Two recent studies have finally identified a Fanconi-like interstrand crosslink repair pathway in yeast. Future studies in this simplistic model organism promise to greatly improve our basic understanding of complex interstrand crosslink repair pathways like the Fanconi pathway.
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13
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Cota CD, García-García MJ. The ENU-induced cetus mutation reveals an essential role of the DNA helicase DDX11 for mesoderm development during early mouse embryogenesis. Dev Dyn 2012; 241:1249-59. [PMID: 22678773 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DDX11 is a DNA helicase of the conserved FANCJ/RAD3/XPD family involved in maintaining genome stability. Studies in yeast and humans have shown requirements for DDX11 in sister chromatid cohesion and DNA repair. In mouse, loss of Ddx11 results in embryonic lethality. However, the developmental defects of Ddx11 mutants are poorly understood. RESULTS We describe the characterization and positional cloning of cetus, a mouse ENU-induced mutation in Ddx11. We demonstrate that cetus causes a nonconservative amino acid change in DDX11 motif V and that this mutation is a null allele of Ddx11. cetus mutant embryos failed to thrive beyond embryonic day 8.5 and displayed placental defects similar to those described in Ddx11 null embryos. Additionally, our characterization of Ddx11(cetus) mutants identified embryonic phenotypes that had not been previously reported in Ddx11(KO) embryos, including loss of somitic mesoderm, an open kinked neural tube and abnormal heart looping. We show that loss of Ddx11 causes widespread apoptosis from early embryonic stages and that loss of Ddx11 disrupts somitic mesoderm more dramatically than other embryonic cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify novel roles of Ddx11 during embryo morphogenesis and demonstrate that the activity of its motif V is essential for DDX11 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina D Cota
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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Chung G, O'Neil NJ, Rose AM. CHL-1 provides an essential function affecting cell proliferation and chromosome stability in Caenorhabditis elegans. DNA Repair (Amst) 2011; 10:1174-82. [PMID: 21968058 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A family of helicases that are important in maintaining genome stability is the iron-sulfur group. Members of this family include DOG-1/FANCJ, RTEL1, XPD and Chl1p/DDX11. In Caenorhabitis elegans, the predicted gene M03C11.2 has orthology to the CHL1 (Chromosome loss 1) gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and DDX11 (DEAD/H box polypeptide 11) in humans. In this paper, we show that the chl-1 gene in C. elegans is required for normal development and fertility. Mutants have lineage-independent cell proliferation defects that result in a Stu (sterile uncoordinated) phenotype, characterized by gonadal abnormalities and a reduced number of D motor neurons and seam cells. A chromosome stability defect is present in the germ cells, where an abnormal number of DAPI-staining chromosomes appear in diakinesis. CHL-1 function is required for the integrity of poly-guanine/poly-cytosine DNA in the absence of DOG-1/FANCJ: the loss of CHL-1 alone does not result in the deletion of G-tracts, but it does increase the number of deletions observed in the dog-1; chl-1 double mutant, indicating a role for CHL-1 during replication and repair. In addition, we observed that cohesin defects increased the number of deletions in the absence of DOG-1/FANCJ. Our results demonstrate a role for CHL-1 in cell proliferation and maintaining normal chromosome numbers, and implicate CHL-1 in chromosome stability and repair of unresolved secondary structures during replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Chung
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 419-2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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15
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Laha S, Das SP, Hajra S, Sanyal K, Sinha P. Functional characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein Chl1 reveals the role of sister chromatid cohesion in the maintenance of spindle length during S-phase arrest. BMC Genet 2011; 12:83. [PMID: 21943249 PMCID: PMC3190345 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-12-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metaphase cells have short spindles for efficient bi-orientation of chromosomes. The cohesin proteins hold sister chromatids together, creating Sister Chromatid Cohesion (SCC) that helps in the maintenance of short spindle lengths in metaphase. The budding yeast protein Chl1p, which has human homologs, is required for DNA damage repair, recombination, transcriptional silencing and aging. This protein is also needed to establish SCC between sister chromatids in S-phase. RESULTS In the present study we have further characterized Chl1p for its role in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae when cells are under replication stress. We show that when DNA replication is arrested by hydroxyurea (HU), the chl1 mutation causes growth deficiency and a mild loss in cell viability. Although both mutant and wild-type cells remained arrested with undivided nuclei, mutant cells had mitotic spindles, which were about 60-80% longer than wild-type spindles. Spindle extension occurred in S-phase in the presence of an active S-phase checkpoint pathway. Further, the chl1 mutant did not show any kinetochore-related defect that could have caused spindle extension. These cells were affected in the retention of SCC in that they had only about one-fourth of the normal levels of the cohesin subunit Scc1p at centromeres, which was sufficient to bi-orient the chromosomes. The mutant cells showed defects in SCC, both during its establishment in S-phase and in its maintenance in G2. Mutants with partial and pericentromeric cohesion defects also showed spindle elongation when arrested in S-phase by HU. CONCLUSIONS Our work shows that Chl1p is required for normal growth and cell viability in the presence of the replication block caused by HU. The absence of this protein does not, however, compromize the replication checkpoint pathway. Even though the chl1 mutation gives synthetic lethal interactions with kinetochore mutations, its absence does not affect kinetochore function; kinetochore-microtubule interactions remain unperturbed. Further, chl1 cells were found to lose SCC at centromeres in both S- and G2 phases, showing the requirement of Chl1p for the maintenance of cohesion in G2 phase of these cells. This work documents for the first time that SCC is an important determinant of spindle size in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae when genotoxic agents cause S-phase arrest of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shankar P Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA-01604, USA
| | - Sujata Hajra
- R&D Manager (Molecular Biology), HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Kaustuv Sanyal
- Molecular Biology & Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560 064, India
| | - Pratima Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata
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16
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Mimura S, Yamaguchi T, Ishii S, Noro E, Katsura T, Obuse C, Kamura T. Cul8/Rtt101 forms a variety of protein complexes that regulate DNA damage response and transcriptional silencing. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:9858-9867. [PMID: 20139071 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.082107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has three cullin proteins, which act as platforms for Cullin-based E3 ubiquitin ligases. Genetic evidence indicates that Cul8, together with Mms1, Mms22, and Esc4, is involved in the repair of DNA damage that can occur during DNA replication. Cul8 is thought to form a complex with these proteins, but the composition and the function of Cul8-based E3 ubiquitin ligases remain largely uncharacterized. Herein, we report a comprehensive biochemical analysis of Cul8 complexes. Cul8 was found to form a Cul8-Mms1-Mms22-Esc4 complex under physiological conditions, with Mms1 bridging Cul8 and Mms22 and Mms22 bridging Mms1 and Esc4. Domain analysis demonstrated that the N-terminal region of Mms1 and the C-terminal region of Mms22 are required for the Mms1-Mms22 interaction, whereas the N-terminal region of Mms22 is required for the Mms22-Esc4 interaction. We also found other Cul8-Mms1-binding proteins Ctf4, Esc2, and Orc5 using yeast two-hybrid screening. Esc4 and Ctf4 bound to Mms22 directly and bound to Cul8-Mms1 in the presence of Mms22, whereas Esc2 and Orc5 interacted with both Cul8 and Mms1, independently. We found that Cul8, Mms1, and Mms22 participated in the regulation of transcriptional silencing of yeast telomeres. These results suggest that Cul8-Mms1, as part of various protein complexes, is involved in the regulation of chromatin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Mimura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602
| | - Satoru Ishii
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602
| | - Emiko Noro
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-11, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tomoya Katsura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602
| | - Chikashi Obuse
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-11, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takumi Kamura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602.
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Defects in DNA lesion bypass lead to spontaneous chromosomal rearrangements and increased cell death. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2009; 9:315-24. [PMID: 20008080 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00260-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rev3 polymerase and Mph1 DNA helicase participate in error-prone and error-free pathways, respectively, for the bypassing of template lesions during DNA replication. Here we have investigated the role of these pathways and their genetic interaction with recombination factors, other nonreplicative DNA helicases, and DNA damage checkpoint components in the maintenance of genome stability, viability, and sensitivity to the DNA-damaging agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). We find that cells lacking Rev3 and Mph1 exhibit a synergistic, Srs2-dependent increase in the rate of accumulating spontaneous, gross chromosomal rearrangements, suggesting that the suppression of point mutations by deletion of REV3 may lead to chromosomal rearrangements. While mph1Delta is epistatic to homologous recombination (HR) genes, both Rad51 and Rad52, but not Rad59, are required for normal growth of the rev3Delta mutant and are essential for survival of rev3Delta cells during exposure to MMS, indicating that Mph1 acts in a Rad51-dependent, Rad59-independent subpathway of HR-mediated lesion bypass. Deletion of MPH1 helicase leads to synergistic DNA damage sensitivity increases in cells with chl1Delta or rrm3Delta helicase mutations, whereas mph1Delta is hypostatic to sgs1Delta. Previously reported slow growth of mph1Delta srs2Delta cells is accompanied by G(2)/M arrest and fully suppressed by disruption of the Mec3-dependent DNA damage checkpoint. We propose a model for replication fork rescue mediated by translesion DNA synthesis and homologous recombination that integrates the role of Mph1 in unwinding D loops and its genetic interaction with Rev3 and Srs2-regulated pathways in the suppression of spontaneous genome rearrangements and in mutation avoidance.
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18
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Tanaka H, Kubota Y, Tsujimura T, Kumano M, Masai H, Takisawa H. Replisome progression complex links DNA replication to sister chromatid cohesion in Xenopus egg extracts. Genes Cells 2009; 14:949-63. [PMID: 19622120 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2009.01322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Cohesin-mediated sister chromatid cohesion is established during the S-phase, and recent studies demonstrate that a cohesin protein ring concatenates sister DNA molecules. However, little is known about how DNA replication is linked to the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion. Here, we used Xenopus egg extracts to show that AND-1 and Tim1-Tipin, homologues of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ctf4 and Tof1-Csm3, respectively, are associated with the replisome and are required for proper establishment of the cohesion observed in the M-phase extracts. Immunodepletion of both AND-1 and Tim1-Tipin from the extracts leads to aberrant sister chromatid cohesion, which is similarly induced by the depletion of cohesin. These results demonstrate that AND-1 and Tim1-Tipin are key factors linking DNA replication and establishment of sister chromatid cohesion. On the basis of the physical interactions between AND-1 and DNA polymerases, we discuss a model to describe how replisome progression complex establishes sister chromatid cohesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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19
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Yoshizawa-Sugata N, Masai H. Roles of human AND-1 in chromosome transactions in S phase. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:20718-28. [PMID: 19439411 PMCID: PMC2742837 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806711200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated execution of DNA replication, checkpoint activation, and postreplicative chromatid cohesion is intimately related to the replication fork machinery. Human AND-1/chromosome transmission fidelity 4 is localized adjacent to replication foci and is required for efficient DNA synthesis. In S phase, AND-1 is phosphorylated in response to replication arrest in a manner dependent on checkpoint kinase, ataxia telangiectasia-mutated, ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related protein, and Cdc7 kinase but not on Chk1. Depletion of AND-1 increases DNA damage, delays progression of S phase, leads to accumulation of late S and/or G2 phase cells, and induces cell death in cancer cells. It also elevated UV-radioresistant DNA synthesis and caused premature recovery of replication after hydroxyurea arrest, indicating that lack of AND-1 compromises checkpoint activation. This may be partly due to the decreased levels of Chk1 protein in AND-1-depleted cells. Furthermore, AND-1 interacts with cohesin proteins Smc1, Smc3, and Rad21/Scc1, consistent with proposed roles of yeast counterparts of AND-1 in sister chromatid cohesion. Depletion of AND-1 leads to significant inhibition of homologous recombination repair of an I-SceI-driven double strand break. Based on these data, we propose that AND-1 coordinates multiple cellular events in S phase and G2 phase, such as DNA replication, checkpoint activation, sister chromatid cohesion, and DNA damage repair, thus playing a pivotal role in maintenance of genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Yoshizawa-Sugata
- From the Genome Dynamics Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Hisao Masai
- From the Genome Dynamics Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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20
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Westmoreland TJ, Wickramasekara SM, Guo AY, Selim AL, Winsor TS, Greenleaf AL, Blackwell KL, Olson JA, Marks JR, Bennett CB. Comparative genome-wide screening identifies a conserved doxorubicin repair network that is diploid specific in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5830. [PMID: 19503795 PMCID: PMC2688081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) induces DNA double-strand break (DSB) damage. In order to identify conserved genes that mediate DOX resistance, we screened the Saccharomyces cerevisiae diploid deletion collection and identified 376 deletion strains in which exposure to DOX was lethal or severely reduced growth fitness. This diploid screen identified 5-fold more DOX resistance genes than a comparable screen using the isogenic haploid derivative. Since DSB damage is repaired primarily by homologous recombination in yeast, and haploid cells lack an available DNA homolog in G1 and early S phase, this suggests that our diploid screen may have detected the loss of repair functions in G1 or early S phase prior to complete DNA replication. To test this, we compared the relative DOX sensitivity of 30 diploid deletion mutants identified under our screening conditions to their isogenic haploid counterpart, most of which (n = 26) were not detected in the haploid screen. For six mutants (bem1Delta, ctf4Delta, ctk1Delta, hfi1Delta,nup133Delta, tho2Delta) DOX-induced lethality was absent or greatly reduced in the haploid as compared to the isogenic diploid derivative. Moreover, unlike WT, all six diploid mutants displayed severe G1/S phase cell cycle progression defects when exposed to DOX and some were significantly enhanced (ctk1Delta and hfi1Delta) or deficient (tho2Delta) for recombination. Using these and other "THO2-like" hypo-recombinogenic, diploid-specific DOX sensitive mutants (mft1Delta, thp1Delta, thp2Delta) we utilized known genetic/proteomic interactions to construct an interactive functional genomic network which predicted additional DOX resistance genes not detected in the primary screen. Most (76%) of the DOX resistance genes detected in this diploid yeast screen are evolutionarily conserved suggesting the human orthologs are candidates for mediating DOX resistance by impacting on checkpoint and recombination functions in G1 and/or early S phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy J. Westmoreland
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sajith M. Wickramasekara
- North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrew Y. Guo
- North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alice L. Selim
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tiffany S. Winsor
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Arno L. Greenleaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kimberly L. Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John A. Olson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Marks
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Craig B. Bennett
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Duro E, Vaisica JA, Brown GW, Rouse J. Budding yeast Mms22 and Mms1 regulate homologous recombination induced by replisome blockage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2008; 7:811-8. [PMID: 18321796 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Yeast cells lacking MMS22 or MMS1 are hypersensitive to agents that perturb replisome progression but the cellular functions of these genes are unknown. In this study we investigate the involvement of budding yeast MMS22 and MMS1 in homologous recombination (HR). Recombination between sister chromatids or between homologous chromosomes induced by agents that block replisomes was severely defective in cells lacking MMS22 or MMS1. In contrast, HR induced by double-strand breaks was not affected by the absence of these genes. Major defects in MMS-induced HR were also observed in cells lacking the cullin RTT101, the histone acetyltransferase RTT109 and in cells lacking the histone chaperone ASF1, all of which interact genetically with MMS22 and MMS1. Finally, we show that cells lacking either MMS22 or MMS1 are defective in recovery from MMS-induced replisome stalling. These results identify Mms22 and Mms1 as S-phase specific recombination-promoting factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eris Duro
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Hawkhill, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
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