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Furuta H, Sheng Y, Takahashi A, Nagano R, Kataoka N, Perks CM, Barker R, Hakuno F, Takahashi SI. The IGF-Independent Role of IRS-2 in the Secretion of MMP-9 Enhances the Growth of Prostate Carcinoma Cell Line PC3. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15065. [PMID: 37894751 PMCID: PMC10606031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), a substrate of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I receptor, is highly expressed in the prostate cancer cell line, PC3. We recently demonstrated that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk1/2), a kinase downstream of IGF signaling, is activated in PC3 cells under serum starvation, and this activation can be inhibited by IRS-2 knockdown. Here, we observed that adding an IGF-I-neutralizing antibody to the culture medium inhibited the activation of Erk1/2. Suppression of Erk1/2 in IRS-2 knockdown cells was restored by the addition of a PC3 serum-free conditioned medium. In contrast, the IRS-2-silenced PC3 conditioned medium could not restore Erk1/2 activation, suggesting that IRS-2 promotes the secretion of proteins that activate the IGF signaling pathway. Furthermore, gelatin zymography analysis of the conditioned medium showed that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was secreted extracellularly in an IRS-2 dependent manner when PC3 was cultured under serum starvation conditions. Moreover, MMP-9 knockdown suppressed Erk1/2 activation, DNA synthesis, and migratory activity. The IRS-2 levels were positively correlated with Gleason grade in human prostate cancer tissues. These data suggest that highly expressed IRS-2 activates IGF signaling by enabling the secretion of MMP-9, which is associated with hyperproliferation and malignancy of prostate cancer cell line, PC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Furuta
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Yina Sheng
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Ayaka Takahashi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Raku Nagano
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Naoyuki Kataoka
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Claire Marie Perks
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Learning & Research Building, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK; (C.M.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Rachel Barker
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Learning & Research Building, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK; (C.M.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Fumihiko Hakuno
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
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Structural Characterization and Hypoglycemic Function of Polysaccharides from Cordyceps cicadae. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020526. [PMID: 36677586 PMCID: PMC9861989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The polysaccharides isolated and purified from different parts of the medicinal fungus Cordyceps cicadae were identified, and three extracts displaying significant biological activities were selected for further study. The bacterium substance polysaccharides (BSP), spore powder polysaccharides (SPP), and pure powder polysaccharides (PPP) were separated, purified, and collected from the sclerotia, spores, and fruiting bodies of Cordyceps cicadae, respectively. The structures of Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides were analyzed using gas chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and one-dimensional (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Moreover, the hypoglycemic effect of Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides was examined in both in vitro and in vivo models. BSP, SPP, and PPP significantly increased glucose absorption in HepG2 cells, and alleviated insulin resistance (IR) in the in vitro model. SPP was the most effective, and was therefore selected for further study of its hypoglycemic effect in vivo. SPP effectively improved body weight and glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes model mice, in addition to exerting a protective effect on liver injury. SPP regulated the mRNA expression of key PI3K/Akt genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway. The hypoglycemic mechanism of SPP may reduce hepatic insulin resistance by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Spore powder polysaccharides (SPP) extracted from Cordyceps cicadae effectively improved body weight and glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes model mice, in addition to exerting a protective effect on liver injury. The mechanism underlying the hypoglycemic effect of SPP regulates the mRNA expression of key PI3K/Akt genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway to alleviate insulin resistance. Our results provide a theoretical basis for research into the hypoglycemic effect of Cordyceps cicadae, and lay the foundation for the development of functional products.
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Piper AJ, Clark JL, Mercado-Matos J, Matthew-Onabanjo AN, Hsieh CC, Akalin A, Shaw LM. Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 expression levels are associated with prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220567. [PMID: 31393907 PMCID: PMC6687170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway has been implicated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) outcomes and resistance to targeted therapies. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms by which this pathway contributes to the biology of NSCLC. The insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are cytoplasmic adaptor proteins that signal downstream of the IGF-1R and determine the functional outcomes of this signaling pathway. In this study, we assessed the expression patterns of IRS-1 and IRS-2 in NSCLC to identify associations between IRS-1 and IRS-2 expression levels and survival outcomes in the two major histological subtypes of NSCLC, adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). High IRS-2 expression was significantly associated with decreased overall survival in adenocarcinoma (ADC) patients, whereas low IRS-1 cytoplasmic expression showed a trend toward association with decreased overall survival in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients. Tumors with low IRS-1 and high IRS-2 expression were found to be associated with poor outcomes in ADC and SCC, indicating a potential role for IRS-2 in the aggressive behavior of NSCLC. Our results suggest distinct contributions of IRS-1 and IRS-2 to the biology of ADC and SCC that impact disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Piper
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Clark
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jose Mercado-Matos
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Asia N. Matthew-Onabanjo
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chung-Cheng Hsieh
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ali Akalin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Sarker MMR, Yan X, Yang C, Zhao L, Lv X, Liu B, Zhao C. Structural characterization and antidiabetic potential of a novel heteropolysaccharide from Grifola frondosa via IRS1/PI3K-JNK signaling pathways. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 198:452-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) bind specifically to the IGF1 receptor on the cell surface of targeted tissues. Ligand binding to the α subunit of the receptor leads to a conformational change in the β subunit, resulting in the activation of receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Activated receptor phosphorylates several substrates, including insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) and Src homology collagen (SHC). Phosphotyrosine residues in these substrates are recognized by certain Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing signaling molecules. These include, for example, an 85 kDa regulatory subunit (p85) of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), growth factor receptor-bound 2 (GRB2) and SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2/Syp). These bindings lead to the activation of downstream signaling pathways, PI 3-kinase pathway and Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathway. Activation of these signaling pathways is known to be required for the induction of various bioactivities of IGFs, including cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival. In this review, the well-established IGF1 receptor signaling pathways required for the induction of various bioactivities of IGFs are introduced. In addition, we will discuss how IGF signals are modulated by the other extracellular stimuli or by themselves based on our studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Hakuno
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Yoneyama Y, Lanzerstorfer P, Niwa H, Umehara T, Shibano T, Yokoyama S, Chida K, Weghuber J, Hakuno F, Takahashi SI. IRS-1 acts as an endocytic regulator of IGF-I receptor to facilitate sustained IGF signaling. eLife 2018; 7:32893. [PMID: 29661273 PMCID: PMC5903866 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) preferentially regulates the long-term IGF activities including growth and metabolism. Kinetics of ligand-dependent IGF-IR endocytosis determines how IGF induces such downstream signaling outputs. Here, we find that the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 modulates how long ligand-activated IGF-IR remains at the cell surface before undergoing endocytosis in mammalian cells. IRS-1 interacts with the clathrin adaptor complex AP2. IRS-1, but not an AP2-binding-deficient mutant, delays AP2-mediated IGF-IR endocytosis after the ligand stimulation. Mechanistically, IRS-1 inhibits the recruitment of IGF-IR into clathrin-coated structures; for this reason, IGF-IR avoids rapid endocytosis and prolongs its activity on the cell surface. Accelerating IGF-IR endocytosis via IRS-1 depletion induces the shift from sustained to transient Akt activation and augments FoxO-mediated transcription. Our study establishes a new role for IRS-1 as an endocytic regulator of IGF-IR that ensures sustained IGF bioactivity, independent of its classic role as an adaptor in IGF-IR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yoneyama
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hideaki Niwa
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, Yokohama, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Umehara
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, Yokohama, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Takashi Shibano
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yokoyama
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, Yokohama, Japan.,RIKEN Structural Biology Laboratory, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chida
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Julian Weghuber
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Wels, Austria
| | - Fumihiko Hakuno
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang C, Deng Y, Yue Y, Chen W, Zhang Y, Shi G, Wu Z. Glutamine Enhances the Hypoglycemic Effect of Insulin in L6 Cells via Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase (PI3K)/Protein Kinase B (AKT)/Glucose Transporter 4 (GLUT4) Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1241-1250. [PMID: 29491345 PMCID: PMC5842660 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by a decreased blood level of glutamine (Gln), which may contribute to the disturbance in the effect of insulin on skeletal muscle. Therefore, it is crucial to study how to improve the effect of insulin on skeletal muscle by increasing Gln. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Gln on the hypoglycemic action of insulin in skeletal muscle L6 cells at high glucose levels through the insulin signaling pathway and glycogen synthesis pathway. Material/Methods The L6 cells were cultured in and stimulated by Gln and insulin. The glutamine analogue, L-Gamma-Glutamyl-p-nitroanilide (GPNA), was used for verifying the effect of Gln. The expression of insulin signaling molecules, including phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1), protein kinase B (AKT), protein kinase C zeta (PKCζ), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, GLUT4 translocation was observed by immunofluorescence staining, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) was analyzed by Western blotting, and glucose uptake was measured by glucose oxidase method (GOD). Results The results demonstrated that Gln combined with insulin remarkably up-regulated PI3K and PDK1 and also increased AKT and PKCζ phosphorylation. The present study shows that Gln enhanced the impact of insulin on GLUT4 and its translocation. The results of glucose uptake and GSK phosphorylation further confirmed the hypoglycemic effect of Gln accompanied with insulin. The hypoglycemic effect of Gln was reversed by GPNA. Conclusions These findings suggest that Gln enhances the hypoglycemic role of insulin through the PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 signaling pathway and glycogen synthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yenan Yue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Wenting Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Guifang Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Zhongming Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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Hong JN, Li WW, Wang LL, Guo H, Jiang Y, Gao YJ, Tu PF, Wang XM. Jiangtang decoction ameliorate diabetic nephropathy through the regulation of PI3K/Akt-mediated NF-κB pathways in KK-Ay mice. Chin Med 2017; 12:13. [PMID: 28529539 PMCID: PMC5437490 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-017-0134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Jiangtang decoction (JTD) is a China patented drug which contains Euphorbia humifusa Willd, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, and Coptis chinensis Franch. For decades, it has also been used clinically to treat diabetic nephropathy (DN) effectively; however, the associated mechanisms remain unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the protective efficacy of JTD in DN and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods A diabetic model using KK-Ay mice received a daily administration of JTD for 12 weeks. Body weight, blood glucose, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (Cr), and microalbumin/urine creatinine (MA/UCREA) was measured every 4 weeks. Furthermore, on the day of the sacrifice, blood, urine, and kidneys were collected to assess renal function according to general parameters. Pathological staining was performed to evaluate the protective renal effect of JTD. In addition, the levels of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-6 and intercellular adhesion molecule [ICAM]-1), insulin receptor substrate [IRS]-1, advanced glycation end products [AGEs], and receptor of glycation end products [RAGE] were assessed. Finally, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway and involvement of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was further analyzed. Results After 12 weeks of metformin and JTD administration, the mice exhibited a significant amelioration in glucose and lipid metabolism dysfunction, reduced morphological changes in the renal tissue, decreased urinary albumin excretion, and normalized creatinine clearance. JTD treatment also reduced the accumulation of AGEs and RAGE, up-regulated IRS-1, and increased the phosphorylation of both PI3K (p85) and Akt, indicating that the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was involved. Additionally, JTD administration reduced the elevated levels of renal inflammatory mediators and decreased the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. Conclusions These results demonstrate that JTD might reduce inflammation in DN through the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13020-017-0134-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ni Hong
- Integrated Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- Integrated Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- Integrated Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Jia Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Wang
- Integrated Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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9
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USP15 attenuates IGF-I signaling by antagonizing Nedd4-induced IRS-2 ubiquitination. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:522-528. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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A novel formula Sang-Tong-Jian improves glycometabolism and ameliorates insulin resistance by activating PI3K/AKT pathway in type 2 diabetic KKAy mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1585-1594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Liu T, Yu B, Kakino M, Fujimoto H, Ando Y, Hakuno F, Takahashi SI. A novel IRS-1-associated protein, DGKζ regulates GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35438. [PMID: 27739494 PMCID: PMC5064357 DOI: 10.1038/srep35438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) are major targets of insulin receptor tyrosine kinases. Here we identified diacylglycerol kinase zeta (DGKζ) as an IRS-1-associated protein, and examined roles of DGKζ in glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane. When DGKζ was knocked-down in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation was inhibited without affecting other mediators of insulin-dependent signaling. Similarly, knockdown of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase 1α (PIP5K1α), which had been reported to interact with DGKζ, also inhibited insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation. Moreover, DGKζ interacted with IRS-1 without insulin stimulation, but insulin stimulation decreased this interaction. Over-expression of sDGKζ (short-form DGKζ), which competed out DGKζ from IRS-1, enhanced GLUT4 translocation without insulin stimulation. Taking these results together with the data showing that cellular PIP5K activity was correlated with GLUT4 translocation ability, we concluded that IRS-1-associated DGKζ prevents GLUT4 translocation in the absence of insulin and that the DGKζ dissociated from IRS-1 by insulin stimulation enhances GLUT4 translocation through PIP5K1α activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- TingYu Liu
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - BuChin Yu
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Kakino
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujimoto
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Ando
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hakuno
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Yamanaka D, Akama T, Chida K, Minami S, Ito K, Hakuno F, Takahashi SI. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Associated Protein (PI3KAP)/XB130 Crosslinks Actin Filaments through Its Actin Binding and Multimerization Properties In Vitro and Enhances Endocytosis in HEK293 Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:89. [PMID: 27462298 PMCID: PMC4939424 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin-crosslinking proteins control actin filament networks and bundles and contribute to various cellular functions including regulation of cell migration, cell morphology, and endocytosis. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-associated protein (PI3KAP)/XB130 has been reported to be localized to actin filaments (F-actin) and required for cell migration in thyroid carcinoma cells. Here, we show a role for PI3KAP/XB130 as an actin-crosslinking protein. First, we found that the carboxyl terminal region of PI3KAP/XB130 containing amino acid residues 830-840 was required and sufficient for localization to F-actin in NIH3T3 cells, and this region is directly bound to F-actin in vitro. Moreover, actin-crosslinking assay revealed that recombinant PI3KAP/XB130 crosslinked F-actin. In general, actin-crosslinking proteins often multimerize to assemble multiple actin-binding sites. We then investigated whether PI3KAP/XB130 could form a multimer. Blue native-PAGE analysis showed that recombinant PI3KAP/XB130 was detected at 250-1200 kDa although the molecular mass was approximately 125 kDa, suggesting that PI3KAP/XB130 formed multimers. Furthermore, we found that the amino terminal 40 amino acids were required for this multimerization by co-immunoprecipitation assay in HEK293T cells. Deletion mutants of PI3KAP/XB130 lacking the actin-binding region or the multimerizing region did not crosslink actin filaments, indicating that actin binding and multimerization of PI3KAP/XB130 were necessary to crosslink F-actin. Finally, we examined roles of PI3KAP/XB130 on endocytosis, an actin-related biological process. Overexpression of PI3KAP/XB130 enhanced dextran uptake in HEK 293 cells. However, most of the cells transfected with the deletion mutant lacking the actin-binding region incorporated dextran to a similar extent as control cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PI3KAP/XB130 crosslinks F-actin through both its actin-binding region and multimerizing region and plays an important role in endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Laboratory of Food and Physiological Models, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Kasama, Japan
- Department of Bioregulation, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akama
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chida
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Shiro Minami
- Department of Bioregulation, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Ito
- Laboratory of Food and Physiological Models, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Kasama, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hakuno
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- *Correspondence: Fumihiko Hakuno, ; Shin-Ichiro Takahashi,
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- *Correspondence: Fumihiko Hakuno, ; Shin-Ichiro Takahashi,
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Fukushima T, Yoshihara H, Furuta H, Kamei H, Hakuno F, Luan J, Duan C, Saeki Y, Tanaka K, Iemura SI, Natsume T, Chida K, Nakatsu Y, Kamata H, Asano T, Takahashi SI. Nedd4-induced monoubiquitination of IRS-2 enhances IGF signalling and mitogenic activity. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6780. [PMID: 25879670 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) induce proliferation of various cell types and play important roles in somatic growth and cancer development. Phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1/2 by IGF-I receptor tyrosine kinase is essential for IGF action. Here we identify Nedd4 as an IRS-2 ubiquitin ligase. Nedd4 monoubiquitinates IRS-2, which promotes its association with Epsin1, a ubiquitin-binding protein. Nedd4 recruits IRS-2 to the membrane, probably through promoting Epsin1 binding, and enhances IGF-I receptor-induced IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation. In thyroid FRTL-5 cells, activation of the cyclic AMP pathway increases the association of Nedd4 with IRS-2, thereby enhancing IRS-2-mediated signalling and cell proliferation induced by IGF-I. The Nedd4 and IRS-2 association is also required for maximal activation of IGF-I signalling and cell proliferation in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Nedd4 overexpression accelerates zebrafish embryonic growth through IRS-2 in vivo. We conclude that Nedd4-induced monoubiquitination of IRS-2 enhances IGF signalling and mitogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Fukushima
- 1] Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan [2] Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hidehito Yoshihara
- 1] Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan [2] Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Haruka Furuta
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kamei
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hakuno
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jing Luan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Cunming Duan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yasushi Saeki
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichiro Iemura
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, 11-25 Sakaemachi, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-8031, Japan
| | - Tohru Natsume
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chida
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakatsu
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kamata
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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14
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Lanzerstorfer P, Yoneyama Y, Hakuno F, Müller U, Höglinger O, Takahashi SI, Weghuber J. Analysis of insulin receptor substrate signaling dynamics on microstructured surfaces. FEBS J 2015; 282:987-1005. [PMID: 25627174 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrates (IRS) are phosphorylated by activated insulin/insulin-like growth factor I receptor tyrosine kinases, with this comprising an initial key event for downstream signaling and bioactivities. Despite the structural similarities, increasing evidence shows that IRS family proteins have nonredundant functions. Although the specificity of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling and biological responses partly reflects which IRS proteins are dominantly phosphorylated by the receptors, the precise properties of the respective IRS interaction with the receptors remain elusive. In the present study, we utilized a technique that combines micropatterned surfaces and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy for the quantitative analysis of the interaction between IRS proteins and insulin/insulin-like growth factor in living cells. Our experimental set-up enabled the measurement of equilibrium associations and interaction dynamics of these molecules with high specificity. We revealed that several domains of IRS including pleckstrin homology and phosphotyrosine binding domains critically determine the turnover rate of the receptors. Furthermore, we found significant differences among IRS proteins in the strength and kinetic stability of the interaction with the receptors, suggesting that these interaction properties could account for the diverse functions of IRS. In addition, our analyses using fluorescent recovery after photobleaching revealed that kinases such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase and IκB kinase β, which phosphorylate serine/threonine residues of IRS and contribute to insulin resistance, altered the interaction kinetics of IRS with insulin receptor. Collectively, our experimental set-up is a valuable system for quantitifying the physiological interaction of IRS with the receptors in insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lanzerstorfer
- School of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria
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15
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Ando Y, Shinozawa Y, Iijima Y, Yu BC, Sone M, Ooi Y, Watanaka Y, Chida K, Hakuno F, Takahashi SI. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced repression of GKAP42 protein levels through cGMP-dependent kinase (cGK)-Iα causes insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5881-92. [PMID: 25586176 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.624759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) have been shown to be major mediators of insulin signaling. Recently, we found that IRSs form high-molecular weight complexes, and here, we identify by yeast two-hybrid screening a novel IRS-1-associated protein: a 42-kDa cGMP-dependent protein kinase-anchoring protein (GKAP42). GKAP42 knockdown in 3T3-L1 adipocytes suppressed insulin-dependent IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and downstream signaling, resulting in suppression of GLUT4 translocation to plasma membrane induced by insulin. In addition, GLUT4 translocation was also suppressed in cells overexpressing GKAP42-N (the IRS-1 binding region of GKAP42), which competed with GKAP42 for IRS-1, indicating that GKAP42 binding to IRS-1 is required for insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation. Long term treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with TNF-α, which induced insulin resistance, significantly decreased the GKAP42 protein level. We then investigated the roles of cGMP-dependent kinase (cGK)-Iα, which bound to GKAP42, in these changes. cGK-Iα knockdown partially rescued TNF-α-induced decrease in GKAP42 and impairment of insulin signals. These data indicated that TNF-α-induced repression of GKAP42 via cGK-Iα caused reduction of insulin-induced IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation at least in part. The present study describes analysis of the novel TNF-α-induced pathway, cGK-Iα-GKAP42, which regulates insulin-dependent signals and GLUT4 translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutoshi Ando
- From the Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shinozawa
- From the Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yumi Iijima
- From the Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Bu-Chin Yu
- From the Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Meri Sone
- From the Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuko Ooi
- From the Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanaka
- From the Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chida
- From the Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hakuno
- From the Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- From the Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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16
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Hakuno F, Fukushima T, Yoneyama Y, Kamei H, Ozoe A, Yoshihara H, Yamanaka D, Shibano T, Sone-Yonezawa M, Yu BC, Chida K, Takahashi SI. The Novel Functions of High-Molecular-Mass Complexes Containing Insulin Receptor Substrates in Mediation and Modulation of Insulin-Like Activities: Emerging Concept of Diverse Functions by IRS-Associated Proteins. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:73. [PMID: 26074875 PMCID: PMC4443775 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like peptides, such as insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and insulin, induce a variety of bioactivities, such as growth, differentiation, survival, increased anabolism, and decreased catabolism in many cell types and in vivo. In general, IGFs or insulin bind to IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) or insulin receptor (IR), activating the receptor tyrosine kinase. Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) are known to be major substrates of receptor kinases, mediating IGF/insulin signals to direct bioactivities. Recently, we discovered that IRSs form high-molecular-mass complexes (referred to here as IRSomes) even without IGF/insulin stimulation. These complexes contain proteins (referred to here as IRSAPs; IRS-associated proteins), which modulate tyrosine phosphorylation of IRSs by receptor kinases, control IRS stability, and determine intracellular localization of IRSs. In addition, in these complexes, we found not only proteins that are involved in RNA metabolism but also RNAs themselves. Thus, IRSAPs possibly contribute to modulation of IGF/insulin bioactivities. Since it is established that disorder of modulation of insulin-like activities causes various age-related diseases including cancer, we could propose that the IRSome is an important target for treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Hakuno
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Fukushima
- Laboratory of Biomedical Chemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yoneyama
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kamei
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsufumi Ozoe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehito Yoshihara
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamanaka
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Shibano
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meri Sone-Yonezawa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bu-Chin Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chida
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shin-Ichiro Takahashi, Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan,
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17
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Ozoe A, Sone M, Fukushima T, Kataoka N, Chida K, Asano T, Hakuno F, Takahashi SI. Insulin receptor substrate-1 associates with small nucleolar RNA which contributes to ribosome biogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:24. [PMID: 24624118 PMCID: PMC3941584 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) are well known to play crucial roles in mediating intracellular signals of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)/insulin. Previously, we showed that IRS-1 forms high molecular mass complexes containing RNAs. To identify RNAs in IRS-1 complexes, we performed ultraviolet (UV) cross-linking and immunoprecipitation analysis using HEK293 cells expressing FLAG-IRS-1 and FLAG-IRS-2. We detected the radioactive signals in the immunoprecipitates of FLAG-IRS-1 proportional to the UV irradiation, but not in the immunoprecipitates of FLAG-IRS-2, suggesting the direct contact of RNAs with IRS-1. RNAs cross-linked to IRS-1 were then amplified by RT-PCR, followed by sequence analysis. We isolated sequence tags attributed to 25 messenger RNAs and 8 non-coding RNAs, including small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). We focused on the interaction of IRS-1 with U96A snoRNA (U96A) and its host Rack1 (receptor for activated C kinase 1) pre-mRNA. We confirmed the interaction of IRS-1 with U96A, and with RACK1 pre-mRNA by immunoprecipitation with IRS-1 followed by Northern blotting or RT-PCR analyses. Mature U96A in IRS-1(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts was quantitatively less than WT. We also found that a part of nuclear IRS-1 is localized in the Cajal body, a nuclear subcompartment where snoRNA mature. The unanticipated function of IRS-1 in snoRNA biogenesis highlights the potential of RNA-associated IRS-1 complex to open a new line of investigation to dissect the novel mechanisms regulating IGFs/insulin-mediated biological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsufumi Ozoe
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meri Sone
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Fukushima
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kataoka
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chida
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hakuno
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shin-Ichiro Takahashi, Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan e-mail:
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18
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Something old, something new and something borrowed: emerging paradigm of insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:2403-27. [PMID: 24276851 PMCID: PMC4055838 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays a key role in the development and progression of cancer; however, therapeutics targeting it have had disappointing results in the clinic. As a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), IGF-1R is traditionally described as an ON/OFF system, with ligand stabilizing the ON state and exclusive kinase-dependent signaling activation. Newly added to the traditional model, ubiquitin-mediated receptor downregulation and degradation was originally described as a response to ligand/receptor interaction and thus inseparable from kinase signaling activation. Yet, the classical model has proven over-simplified and insufficient to explain experimental evidence accumulated over the last decade, including kinase-independent signaling, unbalanced signaling, or dissociation between signaling and receptor downregulation. Based on the recent findings that IGF-1R “borrows” components of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, including β-arrestins and G-protein-related kinases, we discuss the emerging paradigm for the IGF-1R as a functional RTK/GPCR hybrid, which integrates the kinase signaling with the IGF-1R canonical GPCR characteristics. The contradictions to the classical IGF-1R signaling concept as well as the design of anti-IGF-1R therapeutics treatment are considered in the light of this paradigm shift and we advocate recognition of IGF-1R as a valid target for cancer treatment.
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19
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Chen LN, Lyu J, Yang XF, Ji WJ, Yuan BX, Chen MX, Ma X, Wang B. Liraglutide ameliorates glycometabolism and insulin resistance through the upregulation of GLUT4 in diabetic KKAy mice. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:892-900. [PMID: 23877319 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Liraglutide, a long-lasting glucagon‑like peptide‑1 analogue, has been used for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus since 2009. In this study, we investigated the anti-diabetic effects and mechanisms of action of liraglutide in a spontaneous diabetic animal model, using KK/Upj-Ay/J (KKAy) mice. The KKAy mice were divided into 2 groups, the liraglutide group (mice were treated with 250 µg/kg/day liraglutide) and the model group (treated with an equivalent amount of normal saline). C57BL/6J mice were used as the controls (treated with an equivalent amount of normal saline). The treatment period lasted 6 weeks. During this treatment period, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and the body weight of the mice were measured on a weekly basis. Our results revealed that liraglutide significantly decreased FBG levels, the area under the curve following a oral glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test, increased serum insulin levels, reduced homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and increased the insulin sensitivity index. Furthermore, liraglutide ameliorated glycometabolism dysfunction by increasing glycolysis via hexokinase and glycogenesis via pyruvate kinase activation. An ultrastructural examination of the pancreas revealed that liraglutide improved the damaged state of islet β cells and increased the number of insulin secretory granules. The real-time PCR results revealed that the gene expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) increased following treatment with liraglutide. Liraglutide also upregulated the protein expression of GLUT4 in liver tissue and skeletal muscle. Our results suggest that liraglutide ameliorates glycometabolism and insulin resistance in diabetic KKAy mice by stimulating insulin secretion, increasing glycogenesis and glycolysis and upregulating the expression of GLUT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
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20
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Ozoe A, Sone M, Fukushima T, Kataoka N, Arai T, Chida K, Asano T, Hakuno F, Takahashi SI. Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) forms a ribonucleoprotein complex associated with polysomes. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2319-24. [PMID: 23770097 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) are known to play important roles in mediating intracellular insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)/insulin signaling. In this study, we identified components of messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) as IRS-1-associated proteins. IRS-1 complex formation analysis revealed that IRS-1 is incorporated into the complexes of molecular mass more than 1000 kDa, which were disrupted by treatment with RNase. Furthermore, oligo(dT) beads precipitated IRS-1 from cell lysates, showing that the IRS-1 complexes contained messenger RNA. Taken together with the data that IRS-1 was fractionated into the polysome-containing high-density fractions, we concluded that IRS-1 forms the novel complexes with mRNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsufumi Ozoe
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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21
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The AP-1 complex regulates intracellular localization of insulin receptor substrate 1, which is required for insulin-like growth factor I-dependent cell proliferation. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:1991-2003. [PMID: 23478262 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01394-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptor and the subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) are key initial events in a variety of insulin/IGF bioactivities, including mitogenesis. It has been reported that IRS-1 associates with intracellular membrane compartments, and this localization is believed to be important for insulin/IGF signal transduction. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying IRS-1 localization remain unclear. Here we show that in L6 myoblasts, IRS-1 associates with μ1A of the ubiquitously expressed AP-1 complex, which packages cargo proteins into clathrin-coated vesicles derived from intracellular membranes. While wild-type IRS-1 was predominantly localized to vesicular structures, IRS-1 mutants lacking three YXXΦ motifs responsible for binding to μ1A were mislocalized to the mannose-6-phosphate receptor-positive structures, suggesting that AP-1-dependent transport to peripheral vesicles is inhibited in these mutants. Furthermore, deletion of AP-1 binding sites in IRS-1 impaired IGF-I-induced cell proliferation, accompanied by reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and its association with phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase. These data demonstrate the importance of AP-1-dependent localization of IRS-1 in mediating IGF-I-stimulated signaling and maximum mitogenic response.
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22
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Fukushima T, Nakamura Y, Yamanaka D, Shibano T, Chida K, Minami S, Asano T, Hakuno F, Takahashi SI. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity bound to insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor, which is continuously sustained by IGF-I stimulation, is required for IGF-I-induced cell proliferation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:29713-21. [PMID: 22767591 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.393074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous stimulation of cells with insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in G(1) phase is a well established requirement for IGF-induced cell proliferation; however, the molecular components of this prolonged signaling pathway that is essential for cell cycle progression from G(1) to S phase are unclear. IGF-I activates IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) tyrosine kinase, followed by phosphorylation of substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) leading to binding of signaling molecules containing SH2 domains, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to IRS and activation of the downstream signaling pathways. In this study, we found prolonged (>9 h) association of PI3K with IGF-IR induced by IGF-I stimulation. PI3K activity was present in this complex in thyrocytes and fibroblasts, although tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS was not yet evident after 9 h of IGF-I stimulation. IGF-I withdrawal in mid-G(1) phase impaired the association of PI3K with IGF-IR and suppressed DNA synthesis the same as when PI3K inhibitor was added. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Tyr(1316)-X-X-Met of IGF-IR functioned as a PI3K binding sequence when this tyrosine is phosphorylated. We then analyzed IGF signaling and proliferation of IGF-IR(-/-) fibroblasts expressing exogenous mutant IGF-IR in which Tyr(1316) was substituted with Phe (Y1316F). In these cells, IGF-I stimulation induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IGF-IR and IRS-1/2, but mutated IGF-IR failed to bind PI3K and to induce maximal phosphorylation of GSK3β and cell proliferation in response to IGF-I. Based on these results, we concluded that PI3K activity bound to IGF-IR, which is continuously sustained by IGF-I stimulation, is required for IGF-I-induced cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Fukushima
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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23
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Yoshihara H, Fukushima T, Hakuno F, Saeki Y, Tanaka K, Ito A, Yoshida M, Iemura SI, Natsume T, Asano T, Chida K, Girnita L, Takahashi SI. Insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) stimulation abrogates an association between a deubiquitinating enzyme USP7 and insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) followed by proteasomal degradation of IRSs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:122-7. [PMID: 22634009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) play central roles in insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling and mediate a variety of their bioactivities. IRSs are tyrosine-phosphorylated by activated insulin receptor/IGF-I receptor tyrosine kinase in response to insulin/IGF, and are recognized by signaling molecules possessing the SH2 domain such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), leading to the activation of downstream pathways. Recent studies have suggested that degradation of IRSs by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway leads to impaired insulin/IGF signaling, but the precise mechanism underlying the process is still unclear. In this study, we identified deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin specific protease 7 (USP7) as an IRS-2-interacting protein and demonstrated that deubiquitinase activity of USP7 plays important roles in IRS-2 stabilization through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In addition, insulin treatment dissociated USP7 from IRS-2, leading to degradation of IRS-2. This dissociation was prevented by treatment with LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, indicating that insulin activation of the PI3K pathway leads to dissociation of IRS-2 from USP7 and IRS-2 degradation. We obtained similar results for IRS-1 in cells treated with insulin and for IRS-2 in cells treated with IGF-I. Taken together, this is the first report demonstrating that USP7 is an IRS-1/2 deubiquitinating enzyme forming a negative feedback loop in insulin/IGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehito Yoshihara
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Fukushima T, Okajima H, Yamanaka D, Ariga M, Nagata S, Ito A, Yoshida M, Asano T, Chida K, Hakuno F, Takahashi SI. HSP90 interacting with IRS-2 is involved in cAMP-dependent potentiation of IGF-I signals in FRTL-5 cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 344:81-9. [PMID: 21742014 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged stimulation of FRTL-5 thyroid cells with cAMP-generating agents including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or cAMP analogues potentiates tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 triggered by insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, leading to enhancement of IGF-I-dependent proliferation. Because we identified HSP90 as an IRS-2-interacting protein, the roles of HSP90 in potentiation of IGF signals through IRS-2 were investigated. We found that prolonged dibutyryl cAMP treatment induced serine/threonine phosphorylation of IRS-2. Using a specific inhibitor of HSP90 chaperone activity, geldanamycin, or small interfering RNA against HSP90, we showed that HSP90 mediates cAMP-induced serine/threonine phosphorylation of IRS-2. Furthermore, inhibition of HSP90 by geldanamycin during dibutyryl cAMP pretreatment of cells for 24h suppressed cAMP-dependent potentiation of tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-2 induced by IGF-I. Taking together, we conclude that HSP90 interacting with IRS-2 mediates cAMP-dependent serine/threonine phosphorylation of IRS-2 via its chaperone activity, leading to potentiation of tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-2 induced by IGF-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Fukushima
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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