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Peng GC, Hao JH, Guan YQ, Wang YY, Liu MJ, Li GH, Xu ZP, Wen XS, Shen T. Systematic investigation of the material basis, effectiveness and safety of Thesium chinense Turcz. and its preparation Bairui Granules against lung inflammation. Chin Med 2024; 19:67. [PMID: 38720376 PMCID: PMC11080236 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thesium chinense Turcz. (Named as Bai Rui Cao in Chinese) and its preparations (e.g., Bairui Granules) have been used to treat inflammatory diseases, such as acute mastitis, lobar pneumonia, tonsillitis, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and upper respiratory tract infection. However, the material basis, pharmacological efficiency, and safety have not been illustrated. METHODS Anti-inflammatory activity-guided isolation of constituents has been performed using multiple column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and ECD calculations. The inhibitory effects on lung inflammation and safety of the crude ethanol extract (CE), Bairui Granules (BG), and the purified active constituents were evaluated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated acute lung inflammation (ALI) mice model or normal mice. RESULTS Seven new compounds (1-7) and fifty-six known compounds (8-63) were isolated from T. chinense, and fifty-four were reported from this plant for the first time. The new flavonoid glycosides 1-2, new fatty acids 4-5, new alkaloid 7 as well as the known constituents including flavonoid aglycones 8-11, lignans 46-54, alkaloids 34 and 45, coumarins 57, phenylpropionic acids 27, and simple aromatic compounds 39, 44 and 58 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity. Network pharmacology analysis indicated that anti-inflammation of T. chinense was attributed to flavonoids and alkaloids by regulating inflammation-related proteins (e.g., TNF, NF-κB, TGF-β). Furthermore, constituents of T. chinense including kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnoside (KN, also named as Bairuisu I, 19), astragalin (AG, Bairuisu II, 12), and kaempferol (KF, Bairuisu III, 8), as well as CE and BG could alleviate lung inflammation caused by LPS in mice by preventing neutrophils infiltration and the expression of the genes for pro-inflammatory cytokines NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and COX-2. After a 28-day subacute toxicity test, BG at doses of 4.875 g/kg and 9.750 g/kg (equivalent to onefold and twofold the clinically recommended dose) and CE at a dose of 11.138 g/kg (equivalent to fourfold the clinical dose of BG) were found to be safe and non-toxic. CONCLUSIONS The discovery of sixty-three constituents comprehensively illustrated the material basis of T. chinense. T. chinense and Bairui Granules could alleviate lung inflammation by regulating inflammation-related proteins and no toxicity was observed under the twofold of clinically used doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Cheng Peng
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hua Hao
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Qin Guan
- Jiuhua Huayuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Yue Wang
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jie Liu
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hui Li
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen-Peng Xu
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Sen Wen
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Shen
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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Wang WT, Zhang YY, Li ZR, Li JM, Deng HS, Li YY, Yang HY, Lau CC, Yao YJ, Pan HD, Liu L, Xie Y, Zhou H. Syringic acid attenuates acute lung injury by modulating macrophage polarization in LPS-induced mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155591. [PMID: 38692075 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) is a continuum of lung changes caused by multiple lung injuries, characterized by a syndrome of uncontrolled systemic inflammation that often leads to significant morbidity and death. Anti-inflammatory is one of its treatment methods, but there is no safe and available drug therapy. Syringic acid (SA) is a natural organic compound commonly found in a variety of plants, especially in certain woody plants and fruits. In modern pharmacological studies, SA has anti-inflammatory effects and therefore may be a potentially safe and available compound for the treatment of acute lung injury. PURPOSE This study attempts to reveal the protective mechanism of SA against ALI by affecting the polarization of macrophages and the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Trying to find a safer and more effective drug therapy for clinical use. METHODS We constructed the ALI model using C57BL/6 mice by intratracheal instillation of LPS (10 mg/kg). Histological analysis was performed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The wet-dry ratio of the whole lung was measured to evaluate pulmonary edema. The effect of SA on macrophage M1-type was detected by flow cytometry. BCA protein quantification method was used to determine the total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The levels of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in BALF were determined by the ELISA kits, and RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA of lung tissue. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 and the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα in the NF-κB pathway in lung tissue. In vitro experiments were conducted with RAW267.4 cell inflammation model induced by 100 ng/ml LPS and A549 cell inflammation model induced by 10 μg/ml LPS. The effects of SA on M1-type and M2-type macrophages of RAW267.4 macrophages induced by LPS were detected by flow cytometry. The toxicity of compound SA to A549 cells was detected by MTT method which to determine the safe dose of SA. The expressions of COX-2 and the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα protein in NF-κB pathway were detected by Western blot. RESULTS We found that the pre-treatment of SA significantly reduced the degree of lung injury, and the infiltration of neutrophils in the lung interstitium and alveolar space of the lung. The formation of transparent membrane in lung tissue and thickening of alveolar septum were significantly reduced compared with the model group, and the wet-dry ratio of the lung was also reduced. ELISA and RT-qPCR results showed that SA could significantly inhibit the production of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α. At the same time, SA could significantly inhibit the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins, and could inhibit the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα proteins. in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro experiments, we found that flow cytometry showed that SA could significantly inhibit the polarization of macrophages from M0 type macrophages to M1-type macrophages, while SA could promote the polarization of M1-type macrophages to M2-type macrophages. The results of MTT assay showed that SA had no obvious cytotoxicity to A549 cells when the concentration was not higher than 80 μM, while LPS could promote the proliferation of A549 cells. In the study of anti-inflammatory effect, SA can significantly inhibit the expression of COX-2 and the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα proteins in LPS-induced A549 cells. CONCLUSION SA has possessed a crucial anti-ALI role in LPS-induced mice. The mechanism was elucidated, suggesting that the inhibition of macrophage polarization to M1-type and the promotion of macrophage polarization to M2-type, as well as the inhibition of NF-κB pathway by SA may be the reasons for its anti-ALI. This finding provides important molecular evidence for the further application of SA in the clinical treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Wang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town Hospital, No. 55, Neihuan West Road, University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory (Hengqin Laboratory), Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, 519000, China
| | - Yan-Yu Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory (Hengqin Laboratory), Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, 519000, China
| | - Zi-Rui Li
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town Hospital, No. 55, Neihuan West Road, University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory (Hengqin Laboratory), Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, 519000, China
| | - Juan-Min Li
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town Hospital, No. 55, Neihuan West Road, University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory (Hengqin Laboratory), Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, 519000, China
| | - Hai-Shan Deng
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town Hospital, No. 55, Neihuan West Road, University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town Hospital, No. 55, Neihuan West Road, University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wailong, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Hua-Yi Yang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town Hospital, No. 55, Neihuan West Road, University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wailong, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Chi Chou Lau
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wailong, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Yi-Jing Yao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wailong, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Hu-Dan Pan
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town Hospital, No. 55, Neihuan West Road, University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory (Hengqin Laboratory), Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, 519000, China
| | - Liang Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town Hospital, No. 55, Neihuan West Road, University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory (Hengqin Laboratory), Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, 519000, China
| | - Ying Xie
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town Hospital, No. 55, Neihuan West Road, University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory (Hengqin Laboratory), Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, 519000, China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, University Town Hospital, No. 55, Neihuan West Road, University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory (Hengqin Laboratory), Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, 519000, China.
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Chen J, Zhong K, Qin S, Jing Y, Liu S, Li D, Peng C. Astragalin: a food-origin flavonoid with therapeutic effect for multiple diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1265960. [PMID: 37920216 PMCID: PMC10619670 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1265960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring flavonoids have long been utilized as essential templates for the development of novel drugs and as critical ingredients for functional foods. Astragalin (AG) is a natural flavonoid that can be isolated from a variety of familiar edible plants, such as the seeds of green tea, Morus alba L., and Cuscuta chinensis. It is noteworthy that AG has a wide range of pharmacological activities and possesses therapeutic effects against a variety of diseases, covering cancers, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, ulcerative colitis, mastitis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, diabetic complications, ischemia/reperfusion injury, neuropathy, respiratory diseases, and reproductive system diseases. This article reviewed the natural source and pharmacokinetics of AG and systematically summarized the pharmacological activities and potential mechanisms of AG in treating diverse diseases in order to promote the development of AG as a functional food, in doing so providing references for its clinical application in disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Microwave-Assisted Extraction for the Extraction of Seven Main Flavonoids from Ribes mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kom. Leaves. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10030191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids exhibit many biological properties, so it is very important to find an efficient and green method to extract them from plant materials. In this paper, DES-MAE (deep eutectic solvent-based microwave-assisted extraction) technique was developed to extract the seven major active flavonoids from Ribes mandshuricum leaves, namely, trifolin, isoquercetin, rutin, astragalin, quercetin, hyperoside, and kaempferol. After the completion of the extraction process, macroporous adsorption resin was used for the purification of seven flavonoids. The BBD (Box–Behnken design) method combined with RSM (response surface methodology) was applied to acquire the optimal operating conditions of DES-MAE. The optimal parameters were: temperature: 54 °C, time: 10 min, extraction solvent: choline chloride/lactic acid with a 1:2 mass ratio, water content: 25%, and liquid/solid ratio: 27 mL/g. The yields of the seven target flavonoids were 4.78, 2.57, 1.25, 1.15, 0.34, 0.32, and 0.093 mg/g DW (dry weight), respectively. The direct purification of trifolin, isoquercetin, rutin, astragalin, quercetin, hyperoside, and kaempferol in DES-MAE solution was achieved by using macroporous resin X-5. The recoveries were 87.02%, 81.37%, 79.64%, 87.13%, 97.36%, 88.08%, and 99.39%, respectively. The results showed that DES-MAE followed by MRCC (macroporous resin column chromatography) represents a promising approach to extracting and separating active components from plants.
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Zhang J, Sun Y, Sun C, Shang D. The antimicrobial peptide LK2(6)A(L) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by binding to the myeloid differentiation 2 domain and protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. Bioorg Chem 2023; 132:106376. [PMID: 36706531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening disease that is generally attributable to an uncontrolled inflammatory response in the lung, but there is a lack of effective treatments. At present, regulating the inflammatory response has become an important strategy for treating ALI. In the present study, LK2(6)A(L), a peptide derived from the natural antimicrobial peptide temporin-1CEa, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and NO in RAW264.7 cells. Herein, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of LK2(6)A(L) was investigated. The RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) results showed that LK2(6)A(L) significantly inhibited the TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The results of co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), pull-down experiment, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) suggested that MD2 was the direct target of LK2(6)A(L). Chemical inhibition of MD2 and its knockdown abolished the anti-inflammatory effect of LK2(6)A(L). Molecular dynamic simulation indicated that LK2(6)A(L) could bind to the active domain of the MD2 hydrophobic pocket via six hydrogen bonds. The truncated peptides were designed based on analysis of the molecular docking of LK2(6)A(L) to MD2. The truncated peptide IS-7 showed strong affinity to MD2 and a remarkable inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory factors that was comparable to the effect of LK2(6)A(L). Finally, LK2(6)A(L) and IS-7 relieved inflammatory symptoms and lung tissue destruction in the ALI mouse model. Overall, our study suggested that LK2(6)A(L) showed promising anti-inflammatory activity by targeting MD2, and the amino acid domain 7-13 was an important area that binds with MD2 and also an anti-inflammatory active region. LK2(6)A(L) and IS-7 may be potential new treatments for ALI and other acute inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Chengpeng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Dejing Shang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
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Pulmonary Fibrosis as a Result of Acute Lung Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms, Relevant In Vivo Models, Prognostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314959. [PMID: 36499287 PMCID: PMC9735580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive lung disease that steadily leads to lung architecture disruption and respiratory failure. The development of pulmonary fibrosis is mostly the result of previous acute lung inflammation, caused by a wide variety of etiological factors, not resolved over time and causing the deposition of fibrotic tissue in the lungs. Despite a long history of study and good coverage of the problem in the scientific literature, the effective therapeutic approaches for pulmonary fibrosis treatment are currently lacking. Thus, the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from acute lung inflammation to pulmonary fibrosis, and the search for new molecular markers and promising therapeutic targets to prevent pulmonary fibrosis development, remain highly relevant tasks. This review focuses on the etiology, pathogenesis, morphological characteristics and outcomes of acute lung inflammation as a precursor of pulmonary fibrosis; the pathomorphological changes in the lungs during fibrosis development; the known molecular mechanisms and key players of the signaling pathways mediating acute lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as the characteristics of the most common in vivo models of these processes. Moreover, the prognostic markers of acute lung injury severity and pulmonary fibrosis development as well as approved and potential therapeutic approaches suppressing the transition from acute lung inflammation to fibrosis are discussed.
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Cadau S, Gault M, Berthelemy N, Hsu CY, Danoux L, Pelletier N, Goudounèche D, Pons C, Leprince C, André-Frei V, Simon M, Pain S. An Inflamed and Infected Reconstructed Human Epidermis to Study Atopic Dermatitis and Skin Care Ingredients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12880. [PMID: 36361668 PMCID: PMC9656979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), the most common inflammatory skin disorder, is a multifactorial disease characterized by a genetic predisposition, epidermal barrier disruption, a strong T helper (Th) type 2 immune reaction to environmental antigens and an altered cutaneous microbiome. Microbial dysbiosis characterized by the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has been shown to exacerbate AD. In recent years, in vitro models of AD have been developed, but none of them reproduce all of the pathophysiological features. To better mimic AD, we developed reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) exposed to a Th2 pro-inflammatory cytokine cocktail and S. aureus. This model well reproduced some of the vicious loops involved in AD, with alterations at the physical, microbial and immune levels. Our results strongly suggest that S. aureus acquired a higher virulence potential when the epidermis was challenged with inflammatory cytokines, thus later contributing to the chronic inflammatory status. Furthermore, a topical application of a Castanea sativa extract was shown to prevent the apparition of the AD-like phenotype. It increased filaggrin, claudin-1 and loricrin expressions and controlled S. aureus by impairing its biofilm formation, enzymatic activities and inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Cadau
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions France, 32 Rue Saint Jean de Dieu, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Manon Gault
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions France, 32 Rue Saint Jean de Dieu, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Berthelemy
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions France, 32 Rue Saint Jean de Dieu, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Chiung-Yueh Hsu
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions France, 32 Rue Saint Jean de Dieu, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Louis Danoux
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions France, 32 Rue Saint Jean de Dieu, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Pelletier
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions France, 32 Rue Saint Jean de Dieu, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Goudounèche
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Paul Sabatier University, 133, Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Carole Pons
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), CNRS UMR5051and Inserm UMR1291, CHU Purpan BP 3028, CEDEX 3, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Leprince
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), CNRS UMR5051and Inserm UMR1291, CHU Purpan BP 3028, CEDEX 3, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie André-Frei
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions France, 32 Rue Saint Jean de Dieu, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Michel Simon
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), CNRS UMR5051and Inserm UMR1291, CHU Purpan BP 3028, CEDEX 3, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Sabine Pain
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions France, 32 Rue Saint Jean de Dieu, 69007 Lyon, France
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Astragalin and Isoquercitrin Isolated from Aster scaber Suppress LPS-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses in Microglia and Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101505. [PMID: 35627075 PMCID: PMC9141956 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory effects and mechanisms of astragalin (Ast) and isoquercitrin (Que) isolated from chamchwi (Aster scaber Thunb.) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia and hippocampus of LPS induced mice. LPS induced increased cytotoxicity, nitric oxide (NO) production, antioxidant activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, protein kinase B phosphorylation, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) phosphorylation in LPS-treated microglial cells. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS also induced neuroinflammatory effects in the murine hippocampus. Ast and Que significantly reduced LPS-induced production of NO, iNOS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the microglia and hippocampus of mice. Therefore, anti-inflammatory effects on MAPK signaling pathways mediate microglial cell and hippocampus inflammation. In LPS-activated microglia and hippocampus of LPS-induced mice, Ast or Que inhibited MAPK kinase phosphorylation by extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 signaling proteins. Ast and Que inhibited LPS-induced ROS generation in microglia and increased 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging. In addition, LPS treatment increased the heme oxygenase-1 level, which was further elevated after Ast or Que treatments. Ast and Que exert anti-neuroinflammatory activity by down-regulation of MAPKs signaling pathways in LPS-activated microglia and hippocampus of mice.
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Saadat S, Beigoli S, Khazdair MR, Amin F, Boskabady MH. Experimental and Clinical Studies on the Effects of Natural Products on Noxious Agents-Induced Lung Disorders, a Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:867914. [PMID: 35662950 PMCID: PMC9158561 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.867914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The harmful effects of various noxious agents (NA) are well-known and there are reports regarding the induction of various lung disorders due to exposure to these agents both in animal and human studies. In addition, various studies have shown the effects of natural products (NP) on NA-induced lung disorders. The effects of various NP, including medicinal plants and their derivatives, on lung injury induced by NA, were reviewed in this study. The improving effects of various NP including medicinal plants, such as Aloe vera, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Avena sativa, Crocus sativus, Curcuma longa, Dioscorea batatas, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Gentiana veitchiorum, Gentiopicroside, Houttuynia cordata, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Hochu-ekki-to, Hippophae rhamnoides, Juglans regia, Melanocarpa fruit juice, Mikania glomerata, Mikania laevigata, Moringa oleifera, Myrtus communis L., Lamiaceae, Myrtle, Mosla scabra leaves, Nectandra leucantha, Nigella sativa, Origanum vulgare L, Pulicaria petiolaris, Paulownia tomentosa, Pomegranate seed oil, Raphanus sativus L. var niger, Rosa canina, Schizonepeta tenuifolia, Thymus vulgaris, Taraxacum mongolicum, Tribulus Terrestris, Telfairia occidentalis, Taraxacum officinale, TADIOS, Xuebijing, Viola yedoensis, Zataria multiflora, Zingiber officinale, Yin-Chiao-San, and their derivatives, on lung injury induced by NA were shown by their effects on lung inflammatory cells and mediators, oxidative stress markers, immune responses, and pathological changes in the experimental studies. Some clinical studies also showed the therapeutic effects of NP on respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function tests (PFT), and inflammatory markers. Therefore, the results of this study showed the possible therapeutic effects of various NP on NA-induced lung disorders by the amelioration of various features of lung injury. However, further clinical studies are needed to support the therapeutic effects of NP on NA-induced lung disorders for clinical practice purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Saadat
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sima Beigoli
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amin
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Hossein Boskabady ;
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Hu Y, Fang X, Wang J, Ren TT, Zhao YY, Dai JF, Qin XY, Lan R. Astragalin attenuates AlCl3/D-galactose-induced aging-like disorders by inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Neurotoxicology 2022; 91:60-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Mahmoud AM, Sayed AM, Ahmed OS, Abdel-Daim MM, Hassanein EHM. The role of flavonoids in inhibiting IL-6 and inflammatory arthritis. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:746-768. [PMID: 34994311 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220107105233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the synovial joints. RA has well-known clinical manifestations and can cause progressive disability and premature death along with socioeconomic burdens. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated in the pathology of RA where it can stimulate pannus formation, osteoclastogenesis, and oxidative stress. Flavonoids are plant metabolites with beneficial pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and others. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found in a variety of plants, vegetables, and fruits. Many flavonoids have demonstrated anti-arthritic activity mediated mainly through the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review thoroughly discusses the accumulate data on the role of flavonoids on IL-6 in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Osama S Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Egypt
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12
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Yu YF, Chen Y, Shi X, Ye C, Wang J, Huang J, Zhang B, Deng Z. Hepatoprotective effect of different mulberry leaf extracts against acute liver injury in rats by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Food Funct 2022; 13:8593-8604. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00282e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of various mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf extracts (MLEs), including mulberry ethanol extract (MEE), aqueous extract (MAE) and combination extract (MCE) against D-galactosamine (D-GalN)...
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13
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Selvakumarasamy S, Rengaraju B, Arumugam SA, Kulathooran R. Costus pictus–transition from a medicinal plant to functional food: A review. FUTURE FOODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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14
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Sen’kova AV, Savin IA, Brenner EV, Zenkova MA, Markov AV. Core genes involved in the regulation of acute lung injury and their association with COVID-19 and tumor progression: A bioinformatics and experimental study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260450. [PMID: 34807957 PMCID: PMC8608348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a specific form of lung damage caused by different infectious and non-infectious agents, including SARS-CoV-2, leading to severe respiratory and systemic inflammation. To gain deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms behind ALI and to identify core elements of the regulatory network associated with this pathology, key genes involved in the regulation of the acute lung inflammatory response (Il6, Ccl2, Cat, Serpine1, Eln, Timp1, Ptx3, Socs3) were revealed using comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of whole-genome microarray datasets, functional annotation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), reconstruction of protein-protein interaction networks and text mining. The bioinformatics data were validated using a murine model of LPS-induced ALI; changes in the gene expression patterns were assessed during ALI progression and prevention by anti-inflammatory therapy with dexamethasone and the semisynthetic triterpenoid soloxolone methyl (SM), two agents with different mechanisms of action. Analysis showed that 7 of 8 revealed ALI-related genes were susceptible to LPS challenge (up-regulation: Il6, Ccl2, Cat, Serpine1, Eln, Timp1, Socs3; down-regulation: Cat) and their expression was reversed by the pre-treatment of mice with both anti-inflammatory agents. Furthermore, ALI-associated nodal genes were analysed with respect to SARS-CoV-2 infection and lung cancers. The overlap with DEGs identified in postmortem lung tissues from COVID-19 patients revealed genes (Saa1, Rsad2, Ifi44, Rtp4, Mmp8) that (a) showed a high degree centrality in the COVID-19-related regulatory network, (b) were up-regulated in murine lungs after LPS administration, and (c) were susceptible to anti-inflammatory therapy. Analysis of ALI-associated key genes using The Cancer Genome Atlas showed their correlation with poor survival in patients with lung neoplasias (Ptx3, Timp1, Serpine1, Plaur). Taken together, a number of key genes playing a core function in the regulation of lung inflammation were found, which can serve both as promising therapeutic targets and molecular markers to control lung ailments, including COVID-19-associated ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra V. Sen’kova
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Innokenty A. Savin
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenyi V. Brenner
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marina A. Zenkova
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Markov
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Astragalin Protects against Spinal Cord Ischemia Reperfusion Injury through Attenuating Oxidative Stress-Induced Necroptosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7254708. [PMID: 34746308 PMCID: PMC8568517 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7254708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion (SCI/R) injury is a devastating complication usually occurring after thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. However, it remains unsatisfactory for its intervention by using pharmacological strategies. Oxidative stress is a main pharmacological process involved in SCI/R, which will elicit downstream programmed cell death such as the novel defined necroptosis. Astragalin is a bioactive natural flavonoid with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. Herein, we firstly evaluated the effect of astragalin to oxidative stress as well as the possible downstream necroptosis after SCI/R in mice. Our results demonstrated that astragalin improves the ethological score and histopathological deterioration of SCI/R mice. Astragalin mitigates oxidative stress and ameliorates inflammation after SCI/R. Astragalin blocks necroptosis induced by SCI/R. That is, the amelioration of astragalin to the motoneuron injury and histopathological changes. Indicators of oxidative stress, inflammation, and necroptosis after SCI/R were significantly blocked. Summarily, we firstly illustrated the protection of astragalin against SCI/R through its blockage to the necroptosis at downstream of oxidative stress.
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16
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da Cunha LNOL, Tizziani T, Souza GB, Moreira MA, Neto JSS, Dos Santos CVD, de Carvalho MG, Dalmarco EM, Turqueti LB, Scotti MT, Scotti L, de Assis FF, Braga A, Sandjo LP. Natural Products with tandem Anti-inflammatory, Immunomodulatory and Anti-SARS-CoV/2 effects: A Drug Discovery Perspective against SARS-CoV-2. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2530-2564. [PMID: 34313197 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210726094955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is still causing victims with long-term health consequences, mass deaths, and collapsing healthcare systems around the world. The disease has no efficient drugs. However, previous studies revealed that SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV have 96% and 86.5% similarities in cysteine proteases (3CLpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro) sequences, respectively. This resemblance could be significant in the search for drug candidates with antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE This paper is a compilation of natural products that inhibit SARS-CoV 3CLpro and PLpro and, concomitantly, reduce inflammation and/or modulate the immune system as a perspective strategy for COVID-19 drug discovery. It also presents in silico studies performed on these selected natural products using SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and PLpro as targets to propose a list of hit compounds. METHOD The plant metabolites were selected in the literature based on their biological activities on SARS-CoV proteins, inflammatory mediators, and immune response. The consensus docking analysis was performed using four different packages. RESULTS Seventy-nine compounds reported in the literature with inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV proteins were reported as anti-inflammatory agents. Fourteen of them showed in previous studies immunomodulatory effects. Five and six of these compounds showed significant in silico consensus as drug candidates that can inhibit PLpro and 3CLpro, respectively. Our findings corroborated recent results reported on anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the literature. CONCLUSION This study revealed that amentoflavone, rubranoside B, savinin, psoralidin, hirsutenone, and papyriflavonol A are good drug candidate for the search of antibiotics against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana N O Leal da Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Tiago Tizziani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gabriella B Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Monalisa A Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - José S S Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Carlos V D Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Maryelle G de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Dalmarco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Leonardo B Turqueti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products Federal University of Paraíba Cidade Universitária-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products Federal University of Paraíba Cidade Universitária-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Francisco F de Assis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Antonio Braga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Louis Pergaud Sandjo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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17
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Li GH, Fang KL, Yang K, Cheng XP, Wang XN, Shen T, Lou HX. Thesium chinense Turcz.: An ethnomedical, phytochemical and pharmacological review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113950. [PMID: 33610713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Thesium chinense Turcz. has been used to treat mastitis, pulmonitis, tonsillitis, iaryngopharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infections in the indigenous medicine of China for a long history. Presently, several pharmaceutics prepared by this medical herb have been clinically used for the therapy of infectious diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to comprehensively summarize the current researches on the ethnomedical, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of T. chinense, and discuss their possible opportunities for the future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extensive database searches, including Web of Science, SciFinder, Google Scholar and China Knowledge Resource Integrated, were performed using keywords such as 'Thesium chinense', 'Bai Rui Cao', and their chemical constituents. In addition, local classic herbal literature on ethnopharmacology and relevant textbooks were consulted to provide a comprehensive survey of this ethnomedicine. RESULTS Thirty four chemical constituents, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, have been identified from T. chinense. Of which, flavonoids are the predominant and characteristic constituents. The crude extracts, the purified constituents, and commercial available pharmaceutics have displayed diverse in vitro and in vivo pharmacological functions (e.g. anti-inflammation, antimicrobial activity, analgesic effect, hepaprotection), and are particularly useful as a potential therapeutic agent against inflammation-related diseases. CONCLUSIONS T. chinense is an important ethnomedical medicine and possesses a satisfying effect for treating inflammation, microbial infection, and upper respiratory diseases. It has received plenty of researches on its phytochemical and pharmacological aspects since 1970s. These findings definitely establish the link between chemical composition and pharmacological application, and support the ethnomedical use of T. chinense in the indigenous medicine of China. However, chemical composition of this plant and the molecular mechanisms of purified constituents have not been comprehensively investigated, and thus the trace constituents and the therapeutic targets of bioactive constituents deserve a further exploration. Collectively, the researchers should pay more attention to a better understanding and application of this ethnomedical plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hui Li
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Li Fang
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Yang
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ping Cheng
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ning Wang
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Shen
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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Yang M, Li WY, Xie J, Wang ZL, Wen YL, Zhao CC, Tao L, Li LF, Tian Y, Sheng J. Astragalin Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Human Colon Cancer HCT116 Cells by Regulating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:639256. [PMID: 33953676 PMCID: PMC8091521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalin is a flavonoid found in a variety of natural plants. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant effects and has inhibited effects against several malignant tumor cell types. However, its effects on colon cancer and the molecular mechanisms have remained to be elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of astragalin on proliferation and migration of human colon cancer HCT116 cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we elucidated the mechanism of these effects. The results showed that astragalin significantly inhibited the proliferation and diffusion of HCT116 cells by induced apoptosis (by modulation of Bax, Bcl-2, P53, caspase-3, caspase 6, caspase 7, caspase 8, caspase 9 protein express) and cell cycle arrest (by modulation of Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, P21, P27, CDK2, CDK4 protein express). Moreover, astragalin suppressed HCT116 cell migration by inhibiting the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9). In addition, astragalin significantly downregulated the expression of key proteins in the NF-κB signaling pathway and inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF-κB P65 stimulated with inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, thereby inhibiting the growth of colon cancer cells in vitro. Our further investigations unveiled astragalin gavage significantly reduced the proliferation of colon cancer xenograft in nude mice, in vivo experiments showed that tumor growth was related to decreased expression of apoptotic proteins in tumor tissues and decreased activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In summary, our results indicated that astragalin inhibits the proliferation and growth of colon cancer cells in vivo and in vitro via the NF-κB pathway. Therefore, astragalin maybe become a potential plant-derived antitumor drug for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Yun Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zi-Lin Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Long Wen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Cun-Chao Zhao
- National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Liang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling-Fei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center of Functional Food of Homologous of Drug and Food ,Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Dong W, Chen D, Chen Z, Sun H, Xu Z. Antioxidant capacity differences between the major flavonoids in cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus) in vitro and in vivo models. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Zhao ZW, Zhang M, Wang G, Zou J, Gao JH, Zhou L, Wan XJ, Zhang DW, Yu XH, Tang CK. Astragalin Retards Atherosclerosis by Promoting Cholesterol Efflux and Inhibiting the Inflammatory Response via Upregulating ABCA1 and ABCG1 Expression in Macrophages. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:217-227. [PMID: 33165140 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Lipid metabolism disorder and inflammatory response are considered to be the major causes of atherosclerogenesis. Astragalin, the most important functional component of flavonoid obtained from persimmon leaves, has the hypolipidemic effects. However, it is unknown, how astragalin protects against atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of astragalin on cholesterol efflux and inflammatory response and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that astragalin upregulated the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 and G1 (ABCA1 and ABCG1), promoted cholesterol efflux, and suppressed foam cell formation. Inhibition of the PPARγ/LXRα pathway abrogated the promotive effects of astragalin on both transporter expression and cholesterol efflux. In addition, treatment of astragalin markedly decreased the secretion of inflammatory factors, including interleukin 6, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 1β. Mechanistically, astragalin upregulated ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression, which in turn reduced TLR4 surface levels and inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation. Consistently, astragalin reduced atherosclerotic plaque area in apoE-/- mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that astragalin protects against atherosclerosis by promoting ABCA1- and ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux and inhibiting proinflammatory mediator release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Wang Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Zou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Hui Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Wan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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21
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Han YM, Koh J, Kim JH, Lee J, Im JP, Kim JS. Astragalin Inhibits Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling in Human Colonic Epithelial Cells and Attenuates Experimental Colitis in Mice. Gut Liver 2021; 15:100-108. [PMID: 32390406 PMCID: PMC7817923 DOI: 10.5009/gnl19268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside) is a flavonoid isolated from the leaves of persimmon or Rosa agrestis. Astragalin exhibits various anti-inflammatory properties; however, little is known about its therapeutic potential for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of astragalin via blockade of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in human colonic epithelial cells and a murine colitis model. Methods HCT-116 and HT-29 human colonic epithelial cells were pretreated with astragalin and stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Cell viability was assessed by the MTS assay. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the messenger RNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. The effect of astragalin on the NF-κB pathway was evaluated by Western blot analysis of inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα) phosphorylation/degradation and by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute murine colitis model was used for in vivo experiments. Results Astragalin strongly suppressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human colonic epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that astragalin inhibited IκBα phosphorylation/degradation. Additionally, astragalin reduced the DNA binding activity of NF-κB. Astragalin alleviated colon shortening and improved the pathologic scores in DSS-induced acute murine colitis model. Furthermore, astragalin reduced the level of phosphorylated IκBα and decreased the production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in the DSS-treated colon mucosa. Conclusions Astragalin exerted an anti-inflammatory effect through NF-κB pathway inhibition and attenuated murine colitis. Astragalin is thus a potential therapeutic agent for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Min Han
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jooyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
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22
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He YQ, Zhou CC, Yu LY, Wang L, Deng JL, Tao YL, Zhang F, Chen WS. Natural product derived phytochemicals in managing acute lung injury by multiple mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2021; 163:105224. [PMID: 33007416 PMCID: PMC7522693 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as common life-threatening lung diseases with high mortality rates are mostly associated with acute and severe inflammation in lungs. With increasing in-depth studies of ALI/ARDS, significant breakthroughs have been made, however, there are still no effective pharmacological therapies for treatment of ALI/ARDS. Especially, the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is ravaging the globe, and causes severe respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, developing new drugs for therapy of ALI/ARDS is in great demand, which might also be helpful for treatment of COVID-19. Natural compounds have always inspired drug development, and numerous natural products have shown potential therapeutic effects on ALI/ARDS. Therefore, this review focuses on the potential therapeutic effects of natural compounds on ALI and the underlying mechanisms. Overall, the review discusses 159 compounds and summarizes more than 400 references to present the protective effects of natural compounds against ALI and the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiong He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Can-Can Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lu-Yao Yu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiu-Ling Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Long Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Wan-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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23
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Fan R, Peng C, Zhang X, Qiu D, Mao G, Lu Y, Zeng J. A comparative UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS untargeted metabolomics investigation of different parts of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:5811-5822. [PMID: 33282233 PMCID: PMC7684609 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the non-targeted large-scale plant metabolomics (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) was performed for the comparison of chemical profiling of the leaves, barks, flowers, peels, pulps, and seeds of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels (called "wampee"). A total of 364 metabolites were identified, and 62 potential biomarkers were selected by the multivariate statistical analysis. Hierarchical cluster analysis suggested that the selected biomarkers were significant differential metabolites among various parts of wampee. Metabolic pathway analysis showed a significant enrichment of the "Flavone and flavonol synthesis" and "Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis" pathway. This study provides important information for the isolation and identification of functional components from different tissues of wampee and the metabolic biosynthesis pathway elucidation in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Fan
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA)Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree ResearchGuangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Peng
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA)Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree ResearchGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA)Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree ResearchGuangzhouChina
| | - Diyang Qiu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA)Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree ResearchGuangzhouChina
| | - Genlin Mao
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA)Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree ResearchGuangzhouChina
| | - Yusheng Lu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA)Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree ResearchGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiwu Zeng
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA)Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree ResearchGuangzhouChina
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24
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Dual Effect of Soloxolone Methyl on LPS-Induced Inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217876. [PMID: 33114200 PMCID: PMC7660695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-extracted triterpenoids belong to a class of bioactive compounds with pleotropic functions, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this work, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of a semisynthetic derivative of 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid (18βH-GA), soloxolone methyl (methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxo-18βH-olean-9(11),1(2)-dien-30-oate, or SM) in vitro on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and in vivo in models of acute inflammation: LPS-induced endotoxemia and carrageenan-induced peritonitis. SM used at non-cytotoxic concentrations was found to attenuate the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (II) and increase the level of reduced glutathione production by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, SM strongly suppressed the phagocytic and migration activity of activated macrophages. These effects were found to be associated with the stimulation of heme oxigenase-1 (HO-1) expression, as well as with the inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Akt phosphorylation. Surprisingly, it was found that SM significantly enhanced LPS-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in RAW264.7 cells via activation of the c-Jun/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling axis. In vivo pre-exposure treatment with SM effectively inhibited the development of carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in the peritoneal cavity, but it did not improve LPS-induced inflammation in the endotoxemia model.
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25
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Liu D, Gu Y, Wang W, Chen W. Astragalin alleviates ischemia/reperfusion‑induced brain injury via suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4070-4078. [PMID: 33000226 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive apoptosis and neuronal dysfunction are pathological features of ischemic stroke. Previous studies have demonstrated that astragalin (AST) exerted both anti‑apoptotic and anti‑inflammatory effects in several types of disease, although its potential effect in ischemic stroke remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of AST on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)‑induced brain injury and the underlying mechanisms. Brain injury was assessed in an experimental rat model using measurement of neurological scores and inflammatory factors. To assess the role of AST in I/R‑induced brain injury and the potential mechanism of action, SH5Y were treated with thapsigargin and AST. Apoptotic rate and ER stress levels were measured by western blotting, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence staining. It was discovered that AST significantly improved long‑term neurological outcomes in rats following cerebral I/R injury, through the attenuation of the expression levels of apoptotic proteins (Bax and cleaved‑caspase‑3) and the release of inflammatory cytokines, as well as upregulating the expression levels of the anti‑apoptotic protein Bcl‑2. Furthermore, AST attenuated the expression levels of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‑related protein, glucose‑regulated protein, 78 kDa, as well as its downstream apoptotic mediators (CHOP and caspase‑12). Thapsigargin‑induced ER stress activation and apoptosis were also attenuated by AST in an in vitro neuronal cell culture model. In conclusion, these results suggested that AST may protect against I/R‑induced brain injury, thus, highlighting its therapeutic potential in patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Yuntao Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Wendao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
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26
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Peng L, Gao X, Nie L, Xie J, Dai T, Shi C, Tao L, Wang Y, Tian Y, Sheng J. Astragalin Attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Acute Experimental Colitis by Alleviating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Inhibiting NF-κB Activation in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2058. [PMID: 33042117 PMCID: PMC7523281 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the ulcerative colitis (UC) incidence increasing worldwide, it is of great importance to prevent and treat UC. However, efficient treatment options for UC are relatively limited. Due to the potentially serious adverse effects of existing drugs, there is an increasing demand for alternative candidate resources derived from natural and functional foods. Astragalin (AG) is a type of anti-inflammatory flavonoid, with Moringa oleifera and Cassia alata being its main sources. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of AG on mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Our results suggested that AG treatment reduced weight loss and the disease activity index (DAI), prevented colon shortening and alleviated colonic tissue damage. AG treatment reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and related mRNAs (such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), inhibited colonic infiltration by macrophages and neutrophils, ameliorated metabolic endotoxemia, and improved intestinal mucosal barrier function (increased expression levels of mRNAs such as ZO-1, occludin, and Muc2). Western blot analysis revealed that AG downregulated the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, AG treatment partially reversed the alterations in the gut microbiota in colitis mice, mainly by increasing the abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria (such as Ruminococcaceae) and decreasing the abundance of potentially harmful bacteria (such as Escherichia-Shigella). Ruminococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia-Shigella) were thought to be the key groups affected by AG to improve UC. Therefore, AG might exert a good anti-UC effect through microbiota/LPS/TLR4/NF-kB-related pathways in mice. The results of this study reveal the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of AG and provide an important reference for studying the mechanisms of natural flavonoids involved in preventing inflammation-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Research Institute of Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Research Institute of Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Long Nie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Tianyi Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chongying Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Liang Tao
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Yunnan Province Research Institute of Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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27
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Alblihed MA. Astragalin attenuates oxidative stress and acute inflammatory responses in carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6611-6620. [PMID: 32770524 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05712-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Astragalin is a flavonoid existed in several edible and medicinal plants and was recorded to have multiple biological and pharmacological significances. This work aimed to assess the possible protective effect of astragalin administration against oxidative tension, acute inflammation and histopathological deformations in a mouse paw edema model induced following intra sub-plantar injection of carrageenan. Thirty-six male Swiss mice were divided into four groups: control, carrageenan, astragalin (75 mg/kg) + carrageenan, and indomethacin (10 mg/kg) + carrageenan. Astragalin administration for five consecutive days to carrageenan injected mice showed a significant reduction in the development of paw in a time dependent effect, inhibited lipoperoxidation by-product, malondialdehyde and increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Astragalin was found also to suppress the inflammatory signaling in the inflamed tissue as exhibited by the decreased myeloperoxidase activity along with the decreased protein and transcriptional level of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6. Moreover, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expressions and their products (nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2) were downregulated. Additionally, astragalin decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and nuclear factor kappa B expression in the inflamed paw tissue. The recorded findings provide evidences for the potential application of astragalin as a plant-derived remedy for the treatment of acute inflammation due to its promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities along with its ameliorative impact against the histopathological changes in the paw tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Alblihed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
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28
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Wang T, Lin S, Liu R, Li H, Liu Z, Xu H, Li Q, Bi K. Acute lung injury therapeutic mechanism exploration for Chinese classic prescription Qingzao Jiufei Decoction by UFLC-MS/MS quantification of bile acids, fatty acids and eicosanoids in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 189:113463. [PMID: 32688210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common and complex inflammatory disease, which has been reasonably associated with carboxyl-containing metabolites in our preliminary non-targeted metabolomic strategy. Qingzao Jiufei Decoction (QZJFD), a classic prescription, is widely used in the treatment of pulmonary inflammatory injuries. Successively, in this targeted project, to fill in the research gap and exposit the therapeutic mechanism of QZJFD on ALI, considering the structure similarity and bioactivity correlation, 21 bile acids, 11 fatty acids and 19 eicosanoids were profiled simultaneously in plasma, lung, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, spleen and feces from rats utilizing a novel ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approach. As a result, potential biomarkers and ALI characteristic metabolomic spectrums were obtained to distinguish different physical states using discriminative similarity threshold as 0.65 for clinical application. After treatment with QZJFD, obvious reversing ability for various biomarker levels was observed in different bio-samples, providing insights into the systemic intervention of QZJFD on ALI by regulating bile acid synthesis, fatty acid synthesis and eicosanoid metabolism. Conclusively, this investigation represented more information on the comprehensive therapeutic action of QZJFD on ALI involving with multi-targets and multi-pathways for clinical application and traditional Chinese medicine modernization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Song Lin
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, 161006, China
| | - Ran Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hua Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Huarong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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29
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Zhang X, Sun Z, Cai J, Wang G, Wang J, Zhu Z, Cao F. Dietary supplementation with fermented moringa oleifera leaves inhibits the lipogenesis in the liver of meat ducks. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Phytochemical Compounds and Anti-Gout Activity of Euphorbia hirta L. (Ara Tanah) Using Response Surface Methodology and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4501261. [PMID: 32047524 PMCID: PMC7007754 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4501261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gout is a common disease affected most of the people due to the elevation of uric acid in the blood. Flavonoid and phenolic compounds are reported to exert the anti-gout activity of medicinal plants. Hence, this study aimed at optimizing the extraction conditions of phenolic and flavonoid compounds as well as the anti-gout (xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity) in vitro of Euphorbia hirta using response surface methodology (RSM). The plant part used was the whole plant excluding roots. The effects of three independent variables (extraction time, X 1; extraction temperature, X 2; and solid-to-liquid ratio, X 3) on three response variables (total flavonoid content, Y 1; total phenolic content, Y 2; and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, Y 3) were determined using central composite design (CCD) while phytochemical profiling of the extracts was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Quadratic models produced a satisfactory fitting of the experimental data with regard to total flavonoid content (r 2 = 0.9407, p < 0.0001), total phenolic content (r 2 = 0.9383, p < 0.0001), and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (r 2 = 0.9794, p < 0.0001). The best extraction conditions observed for total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity were at a temperature of 79.07°C for 17.42 min with solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 : 20 g/ml. The optimum values for total flavonoid, total phenolic, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity were 67.56 mg RE/g, 155.21 mg GAE/g, and 91.42%, respectively. The main phytochemical compounds in the optimized E. hirta extract are neochlorogenic acid, quercetin-3β-D-glucoside, syringic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, astragalin, afzelin, and quercetin. As conclusion, this study clearly demonstrated the best conditions to obtain higher xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and phytochemical compounds which can be further used for the development of anti-gout agents.
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31
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Harikrishnan H, Jantan I, Alagan A, Haque MA. Modulation of cell signaling pathways by Phyllanthus amarus and its major constituents: potential role in the prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:1-18. [PMID: 31792765 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The causal and functional connection between inflammation and cancer has become a subject of much research interest. Modulation of cell signaling pathways, such as those involving mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor kappa β (NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), and Wnt, and their outcomes play a fundamental role in inflammation and cancer. Activation of these cell signaling pathways can lead to various aspects of cancer-related inflammation. Hence, compounds able to modulate inflammation-related molecular targets are sought after in anticancer drug development programs. In recent years, plant extracts and their metabolites have been documented with potential in the prevention and treatment of cancer and inflammatory ailments. Plants possessing anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties due to their bioactive constituents have been reported to modulate the molecular and cellular pathways which are related to inflammation and cancer. In this review we focus on the flavonoids (astragalin, kaempferol, quercetin, rutin), lignans (phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, and niranthin), tannins (corilagin, geraniin, ellagic acid, gallic acid), and triterpenes (lupeol, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid) of Phyllanthus amarus, which exert various anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities via perturbation of the NF-κB, MAPKs, PI3K/Akt, and Wnt signaling networks. Understanding the underlying mechanisms involved may help future research to develop drug candidates for prevention and new treatment for cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemavathy Harikrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Akilandeshwari Alagan
- Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600 048, India
| | - Md Areeful Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
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El-Shoura EAM, Sharkawi SMZ, Messiha BAS, Bakr AG, Hemeida RAM. Perindopril mitigates LPS-induced cardiopulmonary oxidative and inflammatory damage via inhibition of renin angiotensin system, inflammation and oxidative stress. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:630-643. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1688346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A. M. El-Shoura
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Souty M. Z. Sharkawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Basim A. S. Messiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Adel G. Bakr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A. M. Hemeida
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minya, Egypt
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Zheng D, Liu D, Liu N, Kuang Y, Tai Q. Astragalin reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats via induction of heme oxygenase-1. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:704-711. [PMID: 31250343 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Astragalin, a bioactive component of medicinal plants such as Rosa agrestis, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant features. Induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is an effective strategy to reduce excessive generated oxidants during the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). The aim of the present study is to investigate that whether the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant features of astragalin is HO-1 dependent in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Sprague-Dawley rats were used in animal study. Intratracheal LPS was performed to induce experimental ALI model. Astragalin was administrated 1 h after LPS challenge. Human lung epithelial cells were used in cell study. Samples from rats were harvested at 24 h post LPS challenge. Astragalin treatment inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory cells infiltration in the lung and pulmonary edema. Astragalin treatment markedly enhanced the activity of HO-1 compared with vehicle-treated group at 24 h post LPS challenge. Levels of lipid hydroperoxide, a marker for oxidative stress, were decreased in astragalin-treated animals compared with vehicle-treated group. However, the protective effect of astragalin on LPS-induced ALI was abolished in an inhibitor of HO-1-treated animals. Moreover, the astragalin-induced the upregulation of HO-1 in human lung epithelial cells was inhibited when nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was silenced by small interfering RNA. Astragalin reduces LPS-induced ALI via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510000, GuangDong, China
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, GuangDong, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510000, GuangDong, China
| | - Yukun Kuang
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, GuangDong, China
| | - Qiang Tai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510000, GuangDong, China.
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Ye J, Guan M, Lu Y, Zhang D, Li C, Li Y, Zhou C. Protective effects of hesperetin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by targeting MD2. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 852:151-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yang Q, Luo J, Lv H, Wen T, Shi B, Liu X, Zeng N. Pulegone inhibits inflammation via suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome and reducing cytokine production in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:420-427. [PMID: 31134844 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1588292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Context: Pulegone, a key compound in Schizonepeta essential oil, has been identified as an anti-inflammatory. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms on NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome have not been elucidated. Objective: Here, the modulatory effects of pulegone on NLRP3 inflammasome were investigated. Materials and methods: The C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups: Normal, Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), Dexamethasone (DEX, 5 mg/kg), Pulegone (0.095 and 0.190 g/kg) groups. All mice were challenged by LPS except for the Normal group. Results: A reduced expression of Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-5 (IL-5), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Monocyte chemoattratctant protein-1 (MCP-1), Macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), Monocyte colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in serum were detected in the pulegone groups as compared to the LPS group. In addition, a reduced mRNA and protein expression production of ASC, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 were detected in lungs after pulegone administration. Histological analysis results indicated that the histological changes of lungs caused by LPS were ameliorated by pulegone. Immunohistochemical study showed a decreased positive cell numbers of P2X7R in Pulegone (0.095 and 0.190 g/kg) groups. Conclusion: Pulegone exerts anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced sepsis mice via inhibition of the NLRP3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Yang
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of TCM , Chengdu , PR China.,b Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Mianyang , PR China
| | - Jie Luo
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of TCM , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Hongjun Lv
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of TCM , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Taoqun Wen
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of TCM , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Boyu Shi
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of TCM , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of TCM , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Nan Zeng
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of TCM , Chengdu , PR China
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Camponogara C, Casoti R, Brusco I, Piana M, Boligon AA, Cabrini DA, Trevisan G, Ferreira J, Silva CR, Oliveira SM. Tabernaemontana catharinensis leaves exhibit topical anti-inflammatory activity without causing toxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:205-216. [PMID: 30445106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tabernaemontana catharinensis, popularly known as snake skin, has been empirically used as an anti-inflammatory to treat cutaneous skin disorders. However, no study proves its effectiveness as a topical anti-inflammatory. STUDY DESIGN We investigated the topical anti-inflammatory effect of T.catharinensis leaves crude extract (TcE) in irritant contact dermatitis models in mice and its preliminary toxicity profile. METHODS The topical anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by ear thickness measurement, inflammatory cell infiltration (MPO activity measurement and histological procedure) and cytokines levels. TcE qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed by UHPLC-ESI-HRMS and the TcE effect (therapeutic dose; 10 µg/ear) on preliminary toxicological parameters was also evaluated (on the 14° day of experiment). RESULTS TcE (10 μg/ear) prevented the development of ear edema induced by cinnamaldehyde, capsaicin, arachidonic acid, phenol, and croton oil with maximum inhibition of 100% to cinnamaldehyde, arachidonic acid, phenol, and croton oil and 75 ± 6% to capsaicin. Besides, the TcE (10 μg/ear) also prevented the increase of MPO activity by 96 ± 2%, 48 ± 7%, 100%, 87 ± 8%, and 93 ± 4%, respectively, to the same irritant agents. The positive controls also prevented both ear edema and the increased of MPO activity by 100% and 42 ± 8% (HC-030031), 54 ± 6% and 80 ± 4% (SB-366791), 100% and 54 ± 5% (indomethacin), 100% and 80 ± 4% (dexamethasone in skin inflammation model induced by phenol) and 100% and 97 ± 3% (dexamethasone in inflammation model induced by croton oil), respectively. TcE also prevented the inflammatory cells infiltration and the increase of MIP-2, IL-1β and TNF-α levels irritant agents-induced. TcE topical anti-inflammatory effect may be attributed to the combined effect of indole alkaloids, terpenes, and phenolic compounds found in the extract and identified by dereplication method. The TcE' therapeutic dose proved to be safe in preliminary toxicological tests. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that TcE could be an interesting strategy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Camponogara
- Laboratory Neurotoxicity and Psychopharmacology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosana Casoti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciencies of Ribeirão Preto- University of São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - Indiara Brusco
- Laboratory Neurotoxicity and Psychopharmacology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Piana
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline A Boligon
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Almeida Cabrini
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Graduate Program in Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliano Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Cássia Regina Silva
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Laboratory Neurotoxicity and Psychopharmacology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Camponogara C, Silva CR, Brusco I, Piana M, Faccin H, de Carvalho LM, Schuch A, Trevisan G, Oliveira SM. Nasturtium officinale R. Br. effectively reduces the skin inflammation induced by croton oil via glucocorticoid receptor-dependent and NF-κB pathways without causing toxicological effects in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:190-204. [PMID: 30339978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Inflammatory skin diseases treatments currently used cause adverse effects. Nasturtium officinale (watercress) is used popularly as an anti-inflammatory. However, until now, no study proved its effectiveness as a topical treatment to inflammatory skin diseases. The topical anti-inflammatory activity of N. officinale crude extract leaves (NoE) on an irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) model croton oil-induced in mice was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS ICD models were induced by a single (1 mg/ear; acute) or repeated (0.4 mg/ear; chronic; 9 days total) croton oil application. NoE and dexamethasone solutions' (diluted in acetone; 20 μL/ear) or NoE gel, dexamethasone gel and base gel (15 mg/ear) were topically applied immediately after croton oil application. The NoE topical anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated for inflammatory parameters (ear edema, inflammatory cells infiltration, and inflammatory cytokines levels). NoE topical anti-inflammatory mechanism (NF-κB pathway and effect glucocorticoid-like) were assessed by western blot and ear edema analyses, respectively. UHPLC-MS/MS chromatography, gels accelerated stability and preliminary study of adverse effects was also performed. RESULTS UHPLC-MS/MS of the NoE revealed the presence of coumaric acid, rutin, and ferulic acid. NoE gels stability study showed no relevant changes at low temperature. NoE, dexamethasone, NoE gel and dexamethasone gel inhibited the ear edema croton oil-induced by 82 ± 6% (1 mg/ear), 99 ± 1% (0.1 mg/ear), 81 ± 8% (3%) and 70 ± 6% (0.5%) for the acute model, and 49 ± 7% (1 mg/ear), 80 ± 4% (0.1 mg/ear), 41 ± 8% (3%) and 46 ± 14% (0.5%) for the chronic model, respectively. The same treatments also reduced the inflammatory cells infiltration by 62 ± 3% (1 mg/ear), 97 ± 2% (0.1 mg/ear), 60 ± 3% (3%) and 66 ± 6% (0.5%) for the acute model, respectively, and 25 ± 8% (1 mg/ear) to NoE and 83 ± 13% to dexamethasone to the chronic model. NoE and NoE gel reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines levels (acute ICD model) by 62 ± 5% and 71 ± 3% (MIP-2) and 32 ± 3% and 44 ± 4% (IL-1β), while dexamethasone solution's and gel reduced by 79 ± 7% and 44 ± 4% to MIP-2 and 98 ± 2% and 83 ± 9% to IL-1β, respectively. NoE' and dexamethasone' solutions inhibited the reduction of IkB-α protein expression induced by croton oil by 100% and 80 ± 14%, respectively. Besides, the mifepristone (glucocorticoid receptor antagonist) pre-treatment prevented the topical anti-edematogenic effect of NoE' and dexamethasone' solutions by 61 ± 5% to NoE and 78 ± 16% to dexamethasone. The repeated topical application of NoE did not cause adverse effects. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the N. officinale use in the cutaneous inflammatory process treatment and demonstrate the NoE potential to develop a promising topical anti-inflammatory agent to treat inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Camponogara
- Laboratory Neurotoxicity and Psychopharmacology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cássia R Silva
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Indiara Brusco
- Laboratory Neurotoxicity and Psychopharmacology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Piana
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Henrique Faccin
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandro Machado de Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - André Schuch
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Graduate Program in Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Laboratory Neurotoxicity and Psychopharmacology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Camponogara C, Casoti R, Brusco I, Piana M, Boligon AA, Cabrini DA, Trevisan G, Ferreira J, Silva CR, Oliveira SM. Tabernaemontana catharinensis leaves effectively reduce the irritant contact dermatitis by glucocorticoid receptor-dependent pathway in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:646-657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Liu L, Wang D, Qin Y, Xu M, Zhou L, Xu W, Liu X, Ye L, Yue S, Zheng Q, Li D. Astragalin Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cells and Bone Formation in vivo. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:228. [PMID: 31040823 PMCID: PMC6476984 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalin (AG) is a biologically active flavonoid compound that can be extracted from a number of medicinal plants. However, the effects of AG on osteoblastic differentiation in mouse MC3T3-E1 cells and on bone formation in vivo have not been studied fully. In this study, we found that the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and mineralized nodules in MC3T3-E1 cells were both significantly increased after treatment with AG (5, 10, and 20 μM). Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein levels of osteoblastic marker genes in MC3T3-E1 cells after AG treatment were markedly increased compared with a control group. In addition, the levels of BMP-2, p-Smad1/5/9, and Runx2 were significantly elevated in AG-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, we found that the protein levels of Erk1/2, p-Erk1/2, p38, p-p38, and p-JNK were also significantly increased in AG-treated MC3T3-E1 cells compared to those in the control group. Finally, in vivo experiments demonstrated that AG significantly promoted bone formation in an ovariectomized (OVX)-induced osteoporotic mouse model. This was evidenced by significant increases in the values of osteoblast-related parameters (BFR/BS, MAR, Ob.S/BS, and Ob.N/B.Pm) and bone histomorphometric parameters (BMD, BV/TV, Tb.Th, and Tb.N.) in OVX mice after AG treatment (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg). Collectively, these results demonstrated that AG may promote osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells via the activation of the BMP and MAPK pathways and promote bone formation in vivo. These novel findings indicated that AG may be a useful bone anabolic agent for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yao Qin
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Maolei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Lei Ye
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Shijun Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Defang Li
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Defang Li
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Protective effects of Astragalin on spermatogenesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male mice by improving antioxidant activity and inhibiting inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:561-570. [PMID: 30537673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenic dysfunction is a common complication in men with diabetes and is the most important manifestation of diabetes-related male reproduction damage. Astragalin (AG) is one of the main flavonoids from Cuscuta chinensis, which has rich pharmacological activities. This study aimed to establish whether AG may contribute to the recovery from spermatogenic dysfunction. AG (3.3, 10 and 30 mg/kg) and Clomiphene (5 mg/kg) were orally administered to streptozotocin-induced diabetic male mice for 8 weeks. After the experiments performed, reproductive organs, sperm parameters and histomorphological changes were analysed. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity were estimated in testicular tissues. The results revealed that AG significantly improved the reproductive organs, sperm parameters and testicular morphology to different degrees in diabetic mice. Nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly reduced, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), markedly increased in the testicular tissue after AG was administered. Interestingly, AG also downregulated the protein expressions of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in testes. In conclusion, AG is a potential beneficial agent to protect diabetic-induced spermatogenic dysfunction in male mice by increasing antioxidant enzymes activities and inhibiting inflammation.
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Jeon JH, Lee BC, Kim D, Cho D, Kim TS. Hydrophilic Astragalin Galactoside Induces T Helper Type 1-Mediated Immune Responses via Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103120. [PMID: 30314368 PMCID: PMC6213651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A flavonoid Astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, Ast) has several biological activities including anti-oxidant, anti-HIV, and anti-allergic effects. Nonetheless, its insolubility in hydrophilic solvents imposes restrictions on its therapeutic applications. In this study, we investigated the effects of water-soluble astragalin-galactoside (kaempferol-3-O-β-d-isomaltotrioside, Ast-Gal) on murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (DC) maturation and T helper (Th) cell-mediated immune responses. Ast-Gal significantly increased maturation and activation of DCs through the upregulation of surface markers, such as cluster of differentiation (CD)80, CD86, and Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II in a dose-dependent manner, while Ast had little effects. Additionally, Ast-Gal-treated DCs markedly secreted immune-stimulating cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-12. Importantly, Ast-Gal strongly increased expression of IL-12, a polarizing cytokine of Th1 cells. In a co-culture system of DCs and CD4+ T cells, Ast-Gal-treated DCs preferentially differentiates naïve CD4+ T cells into Th1 cells. The addition of neutralizing IL-12 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to cultures of Ast-Gal-treated DCs and CD4+ T cells significantly decreased interferon (IFN)-γ production, thereby indicating that Ast-Gal-stimulated DCs enhance the Th1 response through IL-12 production by DCs. Injection with Ast-Gal-treated DCs in mice increased IFN-γ-secreting Th1 cell population. Collectively, these findings indicate that hydrophilically modified astragalin can enhance Th1-mediated immune responses via DCs and point to a possible application of water-soluble astragalin-galactoside as an immune adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyoung Jeon
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Byung-Cheol Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Doman Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea.
| | - Daeho Cho
- Institute of Convergence Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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Riaz A, Rasul A, Hussain G, Zahoor MK, Jabeen F, Subhani Z, Younis T, Ali M, Sarfraz I, Selamoglu Z. Astragalin: A Bioactive Phytochemical with Potential Therapeutic Activities. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2018; 2018:9794625. [PMID: 29853868 PMCID: PMC5954929 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9794625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products, an infinite treasure of bioactive chemical entities, persist as an inexhaustible resource for discovery of drugs. This review article intends to emphasize on one of the naturally occurring flavonoids, astragalin (kaempferol 3-glucoside), which is a bioactive constituent of various traditional medicinal plants such as Cuscuta chinensis. This multifaceted compound is well known for its diversified pharmacological applications such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antiobesity, antiosteoporotic, anticancer, antiulcer, and antidiabetic properties. It carries out the aforementioned activities by the regulation and modulation of various molecular targets such as transcription factors (NF-κB, TNF-α, and TGF-β1), enzymes (iNOS, COX-2, PGE2, MMP-1, MMP-3, MIP-1α, COX-2, PGE-2, HK2, AChe, SOD, DRP-1, DDH, PLCγ1, and GPX), kinases (JNK, MAPK, Akt, ERK, SAPK, IκBα, PI3K, and PKCβ2), cell adhesion proteins (E-cadherin, vimentin PAR-2, and NCam), apoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins (Beclin-1, Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-xL, cytochrome c, LC3A/B, caspase-3, caspase-9, procaspase-3, procaspase-8, and IgE), and inflammatory cytokines (SOCS-3, SOCS-5, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, MCP-1, CXCL-1, CXCL-2, and IFN-γ). Although researchers have reported multiple pharmacological applications of astragalin in various diseased conditions, further experimental investigations are still mandatory to fully understand its mechanism of action. It is contemplated that astragalin could be subjected to structural optimization to ameliorate its chemical accessibility, to optimize its absorption profiles, and to synthesize its more effective analogues which will ultimately lead towards potent drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Riaz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Zahoor
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zinayyera Subhani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Younis
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde 51240, Turkey
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43
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Li D, Liu Q, Sun W, Chen X, Wang Y, Sun Y, Lin L. 1,3,6,7-Tetrahydroxy-8-prenylxanthone ameliorates inflammatory responses resulting from the paracrine interaction of adipocytes and macrophages. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1590-1606. [PMID: 29446826 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is critical in the onset and development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue and pro-inflammatory polarization play key roles in adipose tissue inflammation. The fruit hull of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) is used in traditional medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. However, its role in regulating adipose tissue inflammation is unexplored. This study was designed to identify xanthones from G. mangostana, which could ameliorate adipose tissue inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Expressions of inducible NOS, cytokines, chemokines and components of the NF-κB and MAPKs pathways were evaluated using Western blotting, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR or ELISA. The migration of macrophages towards adipocytes was tested using Transwell experiments in vitro. A murine model of LPS-induced acute inflammation was used to examine effects of 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-8-prenylxanthone (TPX) on inflammatory responses in adipose tissue in vivo. KEY RESULTS From a series of xanthones isolated from G. mangostana, TPX was identified as a potent inhibitor of LPS-induced NO production and IL-6 secretion in RAW264.7 macrophages. TPX ameliorated LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages, and TNF-α-mediated inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, through inhibiting MAPKs and NF-κB activation and promoting sirtuin 3 expression. TPX also blocked RAW264.7 macrophages migration towards 3T3-L1 adipocytes in co-cultures. Furthermore, TPX alleviated LPS-induced adipose tissue inflammation in vivo by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and preventing the pro-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, our results indicate that TPX disrupts the inflammatory responses between macrophages and adipocytes, and attenuates adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Qianyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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44
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Rao Z, Xu F, Wen T, Wang F, Sang W, Zeng N. Protective effects of essential oils from Rimulus cinnamon on endotoxin poisoning mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:304-310. [PMID: 29499404 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential oils from Rimulus cinnamon (EORC) have anti-inflammation activities, but the effects of EORC on endotoxin poisoning mice remain to be explored, the mechanism is still unclear. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects and mechanism of EORC on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxin poisoning mice. Pre-treatment with EORC decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-18, Interleukin-5, and Interferon-γ) and chemokines (Monocyte chemotactic protein-1, Macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and Macrophage inflammatory protein-1β) in serum of endotoxin poisoning mice. The histopathological study showed that the lung injury was improved and EORC decreased the numbers of neutrophils and Nitric oxide (NO) levels in lung. EORC could reduce the mRNA expression of NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), Interleukin (IL)-1β, and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, EORC decreased the protein expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1 (p20), Pro-IL-1β, and purinergic P2 × 7 receptor (P2 × 7R) in the lung tissues. The results above indicated that the EORC may have protective effects on LPS-induced endotoxin poisoning mice via inhibiting the activation of P2 × 7R/NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611137, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611137, PR China
| | - Taoqun Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611137, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611137, PR China
| | - Wentao Sang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611137, PR China
| | - Nan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611137, PR China.
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45
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Nobiletin-Ameliorated Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Acute Lung Injury by Suppression of NF-κB Pathway In Vivo and Vitro. Inflammation 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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46
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Dong ZW, Yuan YF. Juglanin suppresses fibrosis and inflammation response caused by LPS in acute lung injury. Int J Mol Med 2018. [PMID: 29532887 PMCID: PMC5881803 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury in children is a complication showing devastating disorders linked to fibrosis progression and inflammation response. Fibrosis and inflammation response are two markers for acute lung injury. Juglanin is a natural product mainly isolated from green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica, which isconsidered as the functional composition among a series of compounds. It exhibited effective role in various diseases by inhibiting inflammation response. In our study, the protective effects and anti-inflammatory activity of juglanin were investigated in mice and lung cells treated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to reveal the possible mechanism by which juglanin attenuates acute lung injury. The mice were separated into four groups. The mouse model was established with 15 mg/kg LPS injection. Juglanin dramatically reduced the inflammation of cell infiltration. Compared to mice only treated with LPS, LPS-treated mice in the presence of juglanin developed less lung fibrosis with lower levels of α-smooth muscle-actin (α-SMA), collagen type I, collagen type III, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Additionally, juglanin markedly downregulated inflammatory cytokine secretion and phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression via inhibiting IKKα/IκBα signaling pathway. Our results indicate that juglanin has a protective role in LPS-triggered acute lung injury via suppression of fibrosis and inflammation response by NF-κB signaling pathways inactivation. Thus, juglanin may be a potential candidate as dietary supplement for acute lung injury for children in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Wu Dong
- Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Fang Yuan
- Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
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47
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Chen M, Cai F, Zha D, Wang X, Zhang W, He Y, Huang Q, Zhuang H, Hua ZC. Astragalin-induced cell death is caspase-dependent and enhances the susceptibility of lung cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor by inhibiting the NF-кB pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26941-26958. [PMID: 28199969 PMCID: PMC5432309 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds and are among the most promising anticancer agents. Here, we demonstrate that the flavonoid astragalin (AG), also known as kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside, induces cell death. This was prevented by the caspase inhibitors z-DEVD-FMK and z-LEHD-FMK. AG-induced cell death was associated with an increase in the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio and amplified by the inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 and Akt signaling. Meanwhile, AG suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation. Additional studies revealed that AG inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)-induced NF-κB activity. AG also potentiated TNFα-induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Furthermore, using a mouse xenograft model, we demonstrated that AG suppressed tumor growth and induced cancer cell apoptosis in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that AG may be a promising cancer therapeutic drug that warrants further investigation into its potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Fangfang Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daolong Zha
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueshi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Qilai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau.,Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Target Pharma Laboratory, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqin Zhuang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Target Pharma Laboratory, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau.,College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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48
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Chen G, Xiao B, Chen L, Bai B, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Fu L, Liu Z, Li X, Zhao Y, Liang G. Discovery of new MD2-targeted anti-inflammatory compounds for the treatment of sepsis and acute lung injury. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:726-740. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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49
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Zhang W, Lu X, Wang W, Ding Z, Fu Y, Zhou X, Zhang N, Cao Y. Inhibitory Effects of Emodin, Thymol, and Astragalin on Leptospira interrogans-Induced Inflammatory Response in the Uterine and Endometrium Epithelial Cells of Mice. Inflammation 2017; 40:666-675. [PMID: 28210912 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a systemic infection that causes, among others, acute kidney injury, acute liver disease, muscle pain, vasculitis, bleeding disorders, and reproductive loss. In an effort to reduce uterine inflammatory responses induced by Leptospira, we evaluated the anti-inflammation effects of emodin, thymol, and astragalin in a mouse model. Our results showed that treatment with emodin, thymol, and astragalin alleviated uterine inflammation induced by leptospira infection via suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and prevented tissue damage. Furthermore, we used primary endometrium epithelial cells to show that treatment with these chemicals inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Western blot results showed that these chemicals suppressed the phosphorylation of p38, p65, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. These results indicate that treatment with emodin, thymol, and astragalin suppressed inflammatory response by regulating NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in leptospira-infected uterine and endometrium epithelial cells of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongguo Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
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50
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Choung WJ, Hwang SH, Ko DS, Kim SB, Kim SH, Jeon SH, Choi HD, Lim SS, Shim JH. Enzymatic Synthesis of a Novel Kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-α-d-glucopyranoside Using Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase and Its Inhibitory Effects on Aldose Reductase, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2760-2767. [PMID: 28300406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (astragalin, AS), a major flavonoid that exists in various plants, exerts antioxidant, antitumor, anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the low water solubility of AS limits its use. In this study, we used cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) with maltose (G2) as a donor molecule to enzymatically modify AS to improve its water solubility and physiochemical properties. We isolated the glycosylated astragalin (G1-AS) and identified the structure of G1-AS as kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-α-d-glucopyranoside, where one glucose residue was transferred to AS. G1-AS retained the antioxidative activity of the original AS compound; however, the solubility of G1-AS was 65-fold higher than that of AS. In addition, G1-AS showed enhanced anti-inflammatory effects and aldose reductase inhibitory activity compared to AS when applied to rat lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jae Choung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, South Korea
- Center for Aging and Health Care, Hallym University , 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, South Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, South Korea
| | - Dam-Seul Ko
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, South Korea
- Center for Aging and Health Care, Hallym University , 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, South Korea
| | - Set Byeol Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, South Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Kim
- Center for Aging and Health Care, Hallym University , 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, South Korea
- Department of Life Science, Hallym University , 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, South Korea
| | - Sung Ho Jeon
- Center for Aging and Health Care, Hallym University , 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, South Korea
- Department of Life Science, Hallym University , 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, South Korea
| | - Hee-Don Choi
- Division of Strategic Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute , Gyeonggi 13539, South Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Shim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, South Korea
- Center for Aging and Health Care, Hallym University , 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, South Korea
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