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Zhang C, Qiu M, Fu H. Oligodendrocytes in central nervous system diseases: the effect of cytokine regulation. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2132-2143. [PMID: 38488548 PMCID: PMC11034588 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.392854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines including tumor necrosis factor, interleukins, interferons, and chemokines are abundantly produced in various diseases. As pleiotropic factors, cytokines are involved in nearly every aspect of cellular functions such as migration, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system and play critical roles in the conduction of action potentials, supply of metabolic components for axons, and other functions. Emerging evidence suggests that both oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells are vulnerable to cytokines released under pathological conditions. This review mainly summarizes the effects of cytokines on oligodendrocyte lineage cells in central nervous system diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the effects of cytokines on oligodendrocyte lineage cells contributes to our understanding of central nervous system diseases and offers insights into treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfu Zhang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Ma D, Zhang H, Yin L, Xu H, Wu L, Shaji R, Rezai F, Mulla A, Kaur S, Tan S, Kysela B, Wang Y, Chen Z, Zhao C, Gu Y. Human iPSC-derived endothelial cells promote CNS remyelination via BDNF and mTORC1 pathway. Glia 2024; 72:133-155. [PMID: 37675625 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Damage of myelin is a component of many diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). The activation and maturation of the quiescent oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are the crucial cellular processes for CNS remyelination, which is influenced by neuroinflammation in the lesion microenvironment. Endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-ECs) have shown promise in restoring function in various preclinical animal models. Here we ask whether and whether transplantation of hiPSC-ECs could benefit remyelination in a mouse model of CNS demyelination. Our results show that in vitro, hiPSC-ECs increase OPC proliferation, migration and differentiation via secreted soluble factors including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). hiPSC-ECs also promote the survival of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in vitro and in vivo. Transplantation of hiPSC-ECs into a toxin-induced demyelination lesion in mouse corpus callosum (CC) leads to increased density of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and level of myelin in demyelinated area, correlated with a decreased neuroinflammation and an increased proportion of pro-regenerative M2 phenotype in microglia/macrophages. The hiPSC-EC-exposed oligodendrocyte lineage cells showed significant increase in the level of phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (pS6) both in vitro and in vivo, indicating an involvement of mTORC1 pathway. These results suggest that hiPSC-ECs may benefit myelin protection and regeneration which providing a potential source of cell therapy for a wide range of diseases and injuries associated with myelin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Translational Medicine Research Group (TMRG), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- ALLIFE Medical Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Le Yin
- Translational Medicine Research Group (TMRG), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- ALLIFE Medical Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- ALLIFE Medical Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Lida Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Group (TMRG), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- ALLIFE Medical Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Rahul Shaji
- Translational Medicine Research Group (TMRG), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fatema Rezai
- Translational Medicine Research Group (TMRG), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ayesha Mulla
- Translational Medicine Research Group (TMRG), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sukhteerath Kaur
- Translational Medicine Research Group (TMRG), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shengjiang Tan
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Boris Kysela
- Translational Medicine Research Group (TMRG), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center and National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yuchun Gu
- Translational Medicine Research Group (TMRG), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- ALLIFE Medical Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
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Plantone D, Pardini M, Righi D, Manco C, Colombo BM, De Stefano N. The Role of TNF-α in Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review. Cells 2023; 13:54. [PMID: 38201258 PMCID: PMC10778385 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review analyzes the role of TNF-α and its increase in biological fluids in mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The potential inhibition of TNF-α with pharmacological strategies paves the way for preventing AD and improving cognitive function in people at risk for dementia. We conducted a narrative review to characterize the evidence in relation to the involvement of TNF-α in AD and its possible therapeutic inhibition. Several studies report that patients with RA and systemic inflammatory diseases treated with TNF-α blocking agents reduce the probability of emerging dementia compared with the general population. Animal model studies also showed interesting results and are discussed. An increasing amount of basic scientific data and clinical studies underscore the importance of inflammatory processes and subsequent glial activation in the pathogenesis of AD. TNF-α targeted therapy is a biologically plausible approach for cognition preservation and further trials are necessary to investigate the potential benefits of therapy in populations at risk of developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Plantone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.R.); (C.M.); (N.D.S.)
| | - Matteo Pardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, L.go P. Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Delia Righi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.R.); (C.M.); (N.D.S.)
| | - Carlo Manco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.R.); (C.M.); (N.D.S.)
| | - Barbara Maria Colombo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Nicola De Stefano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.R.); (C.M.); (N.D.S.)
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Pati S, Singh Gautam A, Dey M, Tiwari A, Kumar Singh R. Molecular and functional characteristics of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and its therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103750. [PMID: 37633326 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and cell death processes positively control the organ homeostasis of an organism. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), a member of the RIPK family, is a crucial regulator of cell death and inflammation, and control homeostasis at the cellular and tissue level. Necroptosis, a programmed form of necrosis-mediated cell death and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced necrotic cell death, is mostly regulated by RIPK1 kinase activity. Thus, RIPK1 has recently emerged as an upstream kinase that controls multiple cellular pathways and participates in regulating inflammation and cell death. All the major cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) have been found to express RIPK1. Selective inhibition of RIPK1 has been shown to prevent neuronal cell death, which could ultimately lead to a significant reduction of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. In addition, the kinase structure of RIPK1 is highly conducive to the development of specific pharmacological small-molecule inhibitors. These factors have led to the emergence of RIPK1 as an important therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Pati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Transit Campus, Bijnour-sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avtar Singh Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Transit Campus, Bijnour-sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mangaldeep Dey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Transit Campus, Bijnour-sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aman Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Transit Campus, Bijnour-sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Transit Campus, Bijnour-sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Chen Y, Jiang M, Chen X. Therapeutic potential of TNFR2 agonists: a mechanistic perspective. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209188. [PMID: 37662935 PMCID: PMC10469862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TNFR2 agonists have been investigated as potential therapies for inflammatory diseases due to their ability to activate and expand immunosuppressive CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Despite TNFR2 being predominantly expressed in Treg cells at high levels, activated effector T cells also exhibit a certain degree of TNFR2 expression. Consequently, the role of TNFR2 signaling in coordinating immune or inflammatory responses under different pathological conditions is complex. In this review article, we analyze possible factors that may determine the therapeutic outcomes of TNFR2 agonism, including the levels of TNFR2 expression on different cell types, the biological properties of TNFR2 agonists, and disease status. Based on recent progress in the understanding of TNFR2 biology and the study of TNFR2 agonistic agents, we discuss the future direction of developing TNFR2 agonists as a therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Mengmeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Ministry of Education (MoE) Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Macau, Macau SAR, China
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Fiedler T, Fairless R, Pichi K, Fischer R, Richter F, Kontermann RE, Pfizenmaier K, Diem R, Williams SK. Co-modulation of TNFR1 and TNFR2 in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:100. [PMID: 37122019 PMCID: PMC10149004 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine and master regulator of the immune system. It acts through two receptors resulting in often opposing biological effects, which may explain the lack of therapeutic potential obtained so far in multiple sclerosis (MS) with non-receptor-specific anti-TNF therapeutics. Under neuroinflammatory conditions, such as MS, TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1) is believed to mediate the pro-inflammatory activities associated with TNF, whereas TNF receptor-2 (TNFR2) may instead induce anti-inflammatory effects as well as promote remyelination and neuroprotection. In this study, we have investigated the therapeutic potential of blocking TNFR1 whilst simultaneously stimulating TNFR2 in a mouse model of MS. METHODS Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) in humanized TNFR1 knock-in mice. These were treated with a human-specific TNFR1-selective antagonistic antibody (H398) and a mouse-specific TNFR2 agonist (EHD2-sc-mTNFR2), both in combination and individually. Histopathological analysis of spinal cords was performed to investigate demyelination and inflammatory infiltration, as well as axonal and neuronal degeneration. Retinas were examined for any protective effects on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration and neuroprotective signalling pathways analysed by Western blotting. RESULTS TNFR modulation successfully ameliorated symptoms of EAE and reduced demyelination, inflammatory infiltration and axonal degeneration. Furthermore, the combinatorial approach of blocking TNFR1 and stimulating TNFR2 signalling increased RGC survival and promoted the phosphorylation of Akt and NF-κB, both known to mediate neuroprotection. CONCLUSION These results further support the potential of regulating the balance of TNFR signalling, through the co-modulation of TNFR1 and TNFR2 activity, as a novel therapeutic approach in treating inflammatory demyelinating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Fiedler
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Otto-Mayerhof-Zentrum (OMZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Fairless
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Otto-Mayerhof-Zentrum (OMZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kira Pichi
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Otto-Mayerhof-Zentrum (OMZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roman Fischer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- BioNtech SE, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Richter
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfizenmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ricarda Diem
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Otto-Mayerhof-Zentrum (OMZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah K Williams
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Otto-Mayerhof-Zentrum (OMZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Barta BP, Onhausz B, AL Doghmi A, Szalai Z, Balázs J, Bagyánszki M, Bódi N. Gut region-specific TNFR expression: TNFR2 is more affected than TNFR1 in duodenal myenteric ganglia of diabetic rats. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:48-61. [PMID: 36684383 PMCID: PMC9850801 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines are essential in autoimmune inflammatory processes that accompany type 1 diabetes. Tumor necrosis factor alpha plays a key role among others in modulating enteric neuroinflammation, however, it has a dual role in cell degeneration or survival depending on different TNFRs. In general, TNFR1 is believed to trigger apoptosis, while TNFR2 promotes cell regeneration. The importance of the neuronal microenvironment has been recently highlighted in gut region-specific diabetic enteric neuropathy, however, the expression and alterations of different TNFRs in the gastrointestinal tract has not been reported.
AIM To investigate the TNFR1 and TNFR2 expression in myenteric ganglia and their environment in different intestinal segments of diabetic rats.
METHODS Ten weeks after the onset of hyperglycemia, gut segments were taken from the duodenum, ileum and colon of streptozotocin-induced (60 mg/body weight kg i.p.) diabetic (n = 17), insulin-treated diabetic (n = 15) and sex- and age-matched control (n = 15) rats. Myenteric plexus whole-mount preparations were prepared from different gut regions for TNFR1/HuCD or TNFR2/HuCD double-labeling fluorescent immunohistochemistry. TNFR1 and TNFR2 expression was evaluated by post-embedding immunogold electron microscopy on ultrathin sections of myenteric ganglia. TNFRs levels were measured by enzyme-linked immun-osorbent assay in muscle/myenteric plexus-containing (MUSCLE-MP) tissue homogenates from different gut segments and experimental conditions.
RESULTS A distinct region-dependent TNFRs expression was detected in controls. The density of TNFR1-labeling gold particles was lowest, while TNFR2 density was highest in duodenal ganglia and a decreased TNFRs expression from proximal to distal segments was observed in MUSCLE-MP homogenates. In diabetics, the TNFR2 density was only significantly altered in the duodenum with decrease in the ganglia (0.32 ± 0.02 vs 0.45 ± 0.04, P < 0.05), while no significant changes in TNFR1 density was observed. In diabetic MUSCLE-MP homogenates, both TNFRs levels significantly decreased in the duodenum (TNFR1: 4.06 ± 0.65 vs 20.32 ± 3.1, P < 0.001; TNFR2: 11.72 ± 0.39 vs 15.91 ± 1.04, P < 0.01), which markedly influenced the TNFR2/TNFR1 proportion in both the ganglia and their muscular environment. Insulin treatment had controversial effects on TNFR expression.
CONCLUSION Our findings show diabetes-related region-dependent changes in TNFR expression and suggest that TNFR2 is more affected than TNFR1 in myenteric ganglia in the duodenum of type 1 diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Pál Barta
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Benita Onhausz
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Afnan AL Doghmi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Zita Szalai
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - János Balázs
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Mária Bagyánszki
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Bódi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary
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Gomez-Pinedo U, Matías-Guiu JA, Torre-Fuentes L, Montero-Escribano P, Hernández-Lorenzo L, Pytel V, Maietta P, Alvarez S, Sanclemente-Alamán I, Moreno-Jimenez L, Ojeda-Hernandez D, Villar-Gómez N, Benito-Martin MS, Selma-Calvo B, Vidorreta-Ballesteros L, Madrid R, Matías-Guiu J. Variant rs4149584 (R92Q) of the TNFRSF1A gene in patients with familial multiple sclerosis. Neurologia 2022:S2173-5808(22)00087-6. [PMID: 35963536 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genomic studies have identified numerous genetic variants associated with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS); however, each one explains only a small percentage of the risk of developing the disease. These variants are located in genes involved in specific pathways, which supports the hypothesis that the risk of developing MS may be linked to alterations in these pathways, rather than in specific genes. We analyzed the role of the TNFRSF1A gene, which encodes one of the TNF-α receptors involved in a signaling pathway previously linked to autoimmune disease. METHODS We included 138 individuals from 23 families including at least 2 members with MS, and analyzed the presence of exonic variants of TNFRSF1A through whole-exome sequencing. We also conducted a functional study to analyze the pathogenic mechanism of variant rs4149584 (-g.6442643C > G, NM_001065.4:c.362 G > A, R92Q) by plasmid transfection into human oligodendroglioma (HOG) cells, which behave like oligodendrocyte lineage cells; protein labeling was used to locate the protein within cells. We also analyzed the ability of transfected HOG cells to proliferate and differentiate into oligodendrocytes. RESULTS Variant rs4149584 was found in 2 patients with MS (3.85%), one patient with another autoimmune disease (7.6%), and in 5 unaffected individuals (7.46%). The 2 patients with MS and variant rs4149584 were homozygous carriers and belonged to the same family, whereas the remaining individuals presented the variant in heterozygosis. The study of HOG cells transfected with the mutation showed that the protein does not reach the cell membrane, but rather accumulates in the cytoplasm, particularly in the endoplasmic reticulum and near the nucleus; this suggests that, in the cells presenting the mutation, TNFRSF1 does not act as a transmembrane protein, which may alter its signaling pathway. The study of cell proliferation and differentiation found that transfected cells continue to be able to differentiate into oligodendrocytes and are probably still capable of producing myelin, although they present a lower rate of proliferation than wild-type cells. CONCLUSIONS Variant rs4149584 is associated with risk of developing MS. We analyzed its functional role in oligodendrocyte lineage cells and found an association with MS in homozygous carriers. However, the associated molecular alterations do not influence the differentiation into oligodendrocytes; we were therefore unable to confirm whether this variant alone is pathogenic in MS, at least in heterozygosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Gomez-Pinedo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J A Matías-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Torre-Fuentes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Montero-Escribano
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Hernández-Lorenzo
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Pytel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - I Sanclemente-Alamán
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Moreno-Jimenez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Ojeda-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Villar-Gómez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M S Benito-Martin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Selma-Calvo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Vidorreta-Ballesteros
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J Matías-Guiu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Vargas JG, Wagner J, Shaikh H, Lang I, Medler J, Anany M, Steinfatt T, Mosca JP, Haack S, Dahlhoff J, Büttner-Herold M, Graf C, Viera EA, Einsele H, Wajant H, Beilhack A. A TNFR2-Specific TNF Fusion Protein With Improved In Vivo Activity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:888274. [PMID: 35769484 PMCID: PMC9234581 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-2 (TNFR2) has attracted considerable interest as a target for immunotherapy. Indeed, using oligomeric fusion proteins of single chain-encoded TNFR2-specific TNF mutants (scTNF80), expansion of regulatory T cells and therapeutic activity could be demonstrated in various autoinflammatory diseases, including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). With the aim to improve the in vivo availability of TNFR2-specific TNF fusion proteins, we used here the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-interacting IgG1 molecule as an oligomerizing building block and generated a new TNFR2 agonist with improved serum retention and superior in vivo activity. Methods Single-chain encoded murine TNF80 trimers (sc(mu)TNF80) were fused to the C-terminus of an in mice irrelevant IgG1 molecule carrying the N297A mutation which avoids/minimizes interaction with Fcγ-receptors (FcγRs). The fusion protein obtained (irrIgG1(N297A)-sc(mu)TNF80), termed NewSTAR2 (New selective TNF-based agonist of TNF receptor 2), was analyzed with respect to activity, productivity, serum retention and in vitro and in vivo activity. STAR2 (TNC-sc(mu)TNF80 or selective TNF-based agonist of TNF receptor 2), a well-established highly active nonameric TNFR2-specific variant, served as benchmark. NewSTAR2 was assessed in various in vitro and in vivo systems. Results STAR2 (TNC-sc(mu)TNF80) and NewSTAR2 (irrIgG1(N297A)-sc(mu)TNF80) revealed comparable in vitro activity. The novel domain architecture of NewSTAR2 significantly improved serum retention compared to STAR2, which correlated with efficient binding to FcRn. A single injection of NewSTAR2 enhanced regulatory T cell (Treg) suppressive activity and increased Treg numbers by > 300% in vivo 5 days after treatment. Treg numbers remained as high as 200% for about 10 days. Furthermore, a single in vivo treatment with NewSTAR2 upregulated the adenosine-regulating ectoenzyme CD39 and other activation markers on Tregs. TNFR2-stimulated Tregs proved to be more suppressive than unstimulated Tregs, reducing conventional T cell (Tcon) proliferation and expression of activation markers in vitro. Finally, singular preemptive NewSTAR2 administration five days before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) protected mice from acute GvHD. Conclusions NewSTAR2 represents a next generation ligand-based TNFR2 agonist, which is efficiently produced, exhibits improved pharmacokinetic properties and high serum retention with superior in vivo activity exerting powerful protective effects against acute GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gamboa Vargas
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Wagner
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Haroon Shaikh
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Isabell Lang
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Medler
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed Anany
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tim Steinfatt
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Josefina Peña Mosca
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Haack
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Dahlhoff
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin Graf
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Estibaliz Arellano Viera
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
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Alshevskaya A, Zhukova J, Kireev F, Lopatnikova J, Evsegneeva I, Demina D, Nepomniashchikch V, Gladkikh V, Karaulov A, Sennikov S. Redistribution of TNF Receptor 1 and 2 Expression on Immune Cells in Patients with Bronchial Asthma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111736. [PMID: 35681430 PMCID: PMC9179889 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The co-expression patterns of type 1 and 2 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α membrane receptors (TNFR1/TNFR2) are associated with the presence, stage, and activity of allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the expression levels and dynamics of TNFRs on immune cells and to assess associations between their expression and severity of bronchial asthma (BA). Methods: Patients with severe (n = 8), moderate (n = 10), and mild (n = 4) BA were enrolled. As a comparison group, data from 46 healthy volunteers (HV) were accessed. Co-expression of TNFR1/2 was evaluated as a percentage of cells and the number of receptors of each type per cell. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify diagnostic biomarkers of BA. Results: More than 90% of the monocytes in patients with mild BA were TNFR1+TNFR2+ but had significantly lower TNFR1 expression density compared with HV (7.82- to 14.08-fold, depending on disease severity). Lower percentages of the TNFR+ B-lymphocytes were observed in combination with significantly lower receptors density in BA compared with HV (2.59- to 11.64-fold for TNFR1 and 1.72- to 3.4-fold for TNFR2, depending on disease severity). The final multivariate model for predicting the presence of BA included the percentage of double-positive CD5+ B-lymphocytes and average number of TNFR1 molecules expressed on cytotoxic naive T-lymphocytes and T-helper cells (R2 = 0.87). Conclusions: The co-expression patterns of TNFRs on immune cells in BA differed significantly compared with HV. The expression differences were associated with disease severity. TNFR1 expression changes were key parameters that discriminated patients with BA from those with HV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Alshevskaya
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology (RIFCI), Novosibirsk 630099, Russia; (A.A.); (J.Z.); (F.K.); (J.L.); (D.D.); (V.N.)
| | - Julia Zhukova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology (RIFCI), Novosibirsk 630099, Russia; (A.A.); (J.Z.); (F.K.); (J.L.); (D.D.); (V.N.)
| | - Fedor Kireev
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology (RIFCI), Novosibirsk 630099, Russia; (A.A.); (J.Z.); (F.K.); (J.L.); (D.D.); (V.N.)
| | - Julia Lopatnikova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology (RIFCI), Novosibirsk 630099, Russia; (A.A.); (J.Z.); (F.K.); (J.L.); (D.D.); (V.N.)
| | - Irina Evsegneeva
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 101000, Russia; (I.E.); (A.K.)
| | - Daria Demina
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology (RIFCI), Novosibirsk 630099, Russia; (A.A.); (J.Z.); (F.K.); (J.L.); (D.D.); (V.N.)
| | - Vera Nepomniashchikch
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology (RIFCI), Novosibirsk 630099, Russia; (A.A.); (J.Z.); (F.K.); (J.L.); (D.D.); (V.N.)
| | - Victor Gladkikh
- Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Center, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia;
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 101000, Russia; (I.E.); (A.K.)
| | - Sergey Sennikov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology (RIFCI), Novosibirsk 630099, Russia; (A.A.); (J.Z.); (F.K.); (J.L.); (D.D.); (V.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(383)-2221910
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11
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Serum Glycoproteomics and Identification of Potential Mechanisms Underlying Alzheimer’s Disease. Behav Neurol 2021; 2021:1434076. [PMID: 34931130 PMCID: PMC8684523 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1434076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. This study compares glycoproteomes in Thai Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients with those of cognitively normal individuals. Methods. Study participants included outpatients with clinically diagnosed AD (
) and healthy controls without cognitive impairment (
). Blood samples were collected from all participants for biochemical analysis and for
(APOE) genotyping by real-time TaqMan PCR assays. Comparative serum glycoproteomic profiling by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was then performed to identify differentially abundant proteins with functional relevance. Results. Statistical differences in age, educational level, and APOE ɛ3/ɛ4 and ɛ4/ɛ4 haplotype frequencies were found between the AD and control groups. The frequency of the APOE ɛ4 allele was significantly higher in the AD group than in the control group. In total, 871 glycoproteins were identified, including 266 and 259 unique proteins in control and AD groups, respectively. There were 49 and 297 upregulated and downregulated glycoproteins, respectively, in AD samples compared with the controls. Unique AD glycoproteins were associated with numerous pathways, including Alzheimer’s disease-presenilin pathway (16.6%), inflammation pathway mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling (9.2%), Wnt signaling pathway (8.2%), and apoptosis signaling pathway (6.7%). Conclusion. Functions and pathways associated with protein-protein interactions were identified in AD. Significant changes in these proteins can indicate the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AD, and they have the potential to serve as AD biomarkers. Such findings could allow us to better understand AD pathology.
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Gao S, Zhou Q, Jin H, Shi N, Wang X, Zhang L, Yan M. Effect of pyrroloquinoline quinone on lipopolysaccharide-induced autophagy in HAPI microglia cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1377. [PMID: 34733929 PMCID: PMC8506552 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is involved in various physiological and biochemical processes, including antioxidant, cell proliferation, and mitochondrial formation. It plays a vital role in protecting neurons. However, the effect of PQQ on microglia, an inflammatory cell of the central nervous system (CNS), is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the biological role and neuroprotective mechanism of PQQ in HAPI microglial cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Western blot (WB) was used to detect apoptosis and autophagy-related molecules Bax, Bcl2, active-caspase-3, caspase-3, LC3, lysosomal associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2), AKT, tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) 1, and TNFR2 expression. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitor LY294002 was used to block the Akt pathway. WB detected the effects of PI3K on autophagy and TNFR1 and TNFR2 expression. The localization of active-caspase-3, caspase-3, LC3, LAMP2, TNFR1, and TNFR2 in cells was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The effect of PQQ on the cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry. We used 5-Ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay to detect cell proliferation. The migration ability of cells under different conditions was detected by scratch test and Transwell assay. Results Our results showed that there were different effects on the apoptosis-related molecules Bcl2/Bax and active-caspase-3/caspase in HAPI microglial cells treated with PQQ at different times. PQQ had no significant effect on the LC3b/a ratio in the early stage, which was upregulated in the later stage. The expression of LAMP2 was significantly increased in both early and late stages after PQQ treatment. At the same time, we found that PQQ can reverse the translocation of LAMP2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in LPS-induced HAPI microglia. After PQQ treatment, TNFR1 was significantly decreased, but TNFR2 increased in LPS-induced HAPI microglia. It may be that PQQ works through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to up-regulate LC3, LAMP2, and TNFR1 and down-regulate TNFR2 in LPS-induced HAPI microglia. However, PQQ has little effect on LPS-induced proliferation, cell cycle, and migration of HAPI microglia. Conclusions In LPS-induced HAPI microglia, PQQ reduces the apoptosis level and increases that of autophagy. In addition, PQQ changes the distribution of LAMP2 in the cytoplasm and nucleus, which is regulated through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Gao
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hui Jin
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Naiqi Shi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Meijuan Yan
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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13
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Ferreira ÉC, Oliveira ACDR, Garcia CG, Cossenza M, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Giestal-de-Araujo E, Dos Santos AA. PMA treatment fosters rat retinal ganglion cell survival via TNF signaling. Neurosci Lett 2021; 763:136197. [PMID: 34437989 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An insult can trigger a protective response or even cell death depending on different factors that include the duration and magnitude of the event and the ability of the cell to activate protective intracellular signals, including inflammatory cytokines. Our previous work showed that the treatment of Lister Hooded rat retinal cell cultures with 50 ng/mL phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C activator, increases the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) kept in culture for 48 h after axotomy. Here we aim to analyze how PMA modulates the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β (both key inflammatory mediators) and the impact of this modulation on RGCs survival. We hypothesize that the increase in RGCs survival mediated by PMA treatment depends upon modulation of the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. The effect of PMA treatment was assayed on cell viability, caspase 3 activation, TNF-α and IL-1β release and TNF receptor type I (TNFRI) and TNF receptor type II (TNFRII) levels. PMA treatment increases IL-1β and TNF-α levels in 15 min in culture and increases the release of both cytokines after 30 min and 24 h, respectively. Both IL-1β and TNF-α levels decrease after 48 h of PMA treatment. PMA treatment also induces an increase in TNFRII levels while decreasing TNFRI after 24 h. PMA also inhibited caspase-3 activation, and decreased ROS production and EthD-1/calcein ratio in retinal cell cultures leading to an increase in cell viability. The neutralization of IL-1β (anti-IL1β 0,1ng/mL), the neutralization of TNF-α (anti-TNF-α 0,1ng/mL) and the TNF-α inhibition using a recombinant soluble TNFRII abolished PMA effect on RGCs survival. These data suggest that PMA treatment induces IL1β and TNF-α release and modulation of TNFRI/TNFRII expression promoting RGCs survival after axotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Camila Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Gustavo Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universidade Anhanguera, Av. Visconde do Rio Branco, 123, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro CEP 24020-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Cossenza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Laboratório de Interações Neuroquímicas e Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro CEP: 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro CEP 21040900, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica - Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, UNIRIO Rua Frei Caneca 94, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20211030, Brazil
| | - Hugo Caire Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro CEP 21040900, Brazil; INCT-NIM - Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Manguinhos, RJ CEP:21040-360, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Giestal-de-Araujo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Departamento de Neurobiologia, Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro CEP: 24020-140, Brazil; INCT-NIM - Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Manguinhos, RJ CEP:21040-360, Brazil
| | - Aline Araujo Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Laboratório de Interações Neuroquímicas e Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro CEP: 24020-150, Brazil.
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Insights into the biology and therapeutic implications of TNF and regulatory T cells. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:487-504. [PMID: 34226727 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatments that block tumour necrosis factor (TNF) have major beneficial effects in several autoimmune and rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. However, some patients do not respond to TNF inhibitor treatment and rare occurrences of paradoxical disease exacerbation have been reported. These limitations on the clinical efficacy of TNF inhibitors can be explained by the differences between TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNFR2 signalling and by the diverse effects of TNF on multiple immune cells, including FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. This basic knowledge sheds light on the consequences of TNF inhibitor therapies on regulatory T cells in treated patients and on the limitations of such treatment in the control of diseases with an autoimmune component. Accordingly, the next generation of drugs targeting TNF is likely to be based on agents that selectively block the binding of TNF to TNFR1 and on TNFR2 agonists. These approaches could improve the treatment of rheumatic diseases in the future.
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The effects of genotype on inflammatory response in hippocampal progenitor cells: A computational approach. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 15:100286. [PMID: 34345870 PMCID: PMC8261829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell culture models are valuable tools to study biological mechanisms underlying health and disease in a controlled environment. Although their genotype influences their phenotype, subtle genetic variations in cell lines are rarely characterised and taken into account for in vitro studies. To investigate how the genetic makeup of a cell line might affect the cellular response to inflammation, we characterised the single nucleotide variants (SNPs) relevant to inflammation-related genes in an established hippocampal progenitor cell line (HPC0A07/03C) that is frequently used as an in vitro model for hippocampal neurogenesis (HN). SNPs were identified using a genotyping array, and genes associated with chronic inflammatory and neuroinflammatory response gene ontology terms were retrieved using the AmiGO application. SNPs associated with these genes were then extracted from the genotyping dataset, for which a literature search was conducted, yielding relevant research articles for a total of 17 SNPs. Of these variants, 10 were found to potentially affect hippocampal neurogenesis whereby a majority (n=7) is likely to reduce neurogenesis under inflammatory conditions. Taken together, the existing literature seems to suggest that all stages of hippocampal neurogenesis could be negatively affected due to the genetic makeup in HPC0A07/03C cells under inflammation. Additional experiments will be needed to validate these specific findings in a laboratory setting. However, this computational approach already confirms that in vitro studies in general should control for cell lines subtle genetic variations which could mask or exacerbate findings.
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TNF-TNFR2 Signal Plays a Decisive Role in the Activation of CD4 +Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells: Implications in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases and Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1278:257-272. [PMID: 33523452 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6407-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The puzzling biphasic or dual roles of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) in the inflammatory and immune responses are likely to be mediated by distinct signaling pathways transduced by one of its two receptors, e.g., TNF receptor type I (TNFR1) and TNF receptor type II (TNFR2). Unlike TNFR1 that is ubiquitously expressed on almost all types of cells, the expression of TNFR2 is rather restricted to certain types of cells, such as T lymphocytes. There is now compelling evidence that TNFR2 is preferentially expressed by CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), and TNFR2 plays a decisive role in the activation, expansion, in vivo function, and phenotypical stability of Tregs. In this chapter, the current understanding of the molecular basis and signaling pathway of TNF-TNFRs signal is introduced. Latest studies that have further supported and substantiated the pivotal role of TNF-TNFR2 interaction in Tregs biology and its molecular basis are discussed. The research progress regarding TNFR2-targeting treatment for autoimmune diseases and cancer is analyzed. Future study should focus on the further understanding of molecular mechanism underlying Treg-stimulatory effect of TNFR2 signal, as well as on the translation of research findings into therapeutic benefits of human patients with autoimmune diseases, allergy, allograft rejection, and cancer.
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A Single Radioprotective Dose of Prostaglandin E 2 Blocks Irradiation-Induced Apoptotic Signaling and Early Cycling of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:358-373. [PMID: 32735825 PMCID: PMC7419738 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation exposure results in acute and delayed bone marrow suppression. Treatment of mice with 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) prior to lethal ionizing radiation (IR) facilitates survival, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this study we show that dmPGE2 attenuates loss and enhances recovery of bone marrow cellularity, corresponding to a less severe hematopoietic stem cell nadir, and significantly preserves long-term repopulation capacity and progenitor cell function. Mechanistically, dmPGE2 suppressed hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation through 24 h post IR, which correlated with fewer DNA double-strand breaks and attenuation of apoptosis, mitochondrial compromise, oxidative stress, and senescence. RNA sequencing of HSCs at 1 h and 24 h post IR identified a predominant interference with IR-induced p53-downstream gene expression at 1 h, and confirmed the suppression of IR-induced cell-cycle genes at 24 h. These data identify mechanisms of dmPGE2 radioprotection and its potential role as a medical countermeasure against radiation exposure.
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Fischer R, Kontermann RE, Pfizenmaier K. Selective Targeting of TNF Receptors as a Novel Therapeutic Approach. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:401. [PMID: 32528961 PMCID: PMC7264106 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a central regulator of immunity. Due to its dominant pro-inflammatory effects, drugs that neutralize TNF were developed and are clinically used to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis. However, despite their clinical success the use of anti-TNF drugs is limited, in part due to unwanted, severe side effects and in some diseases its use even is contraindicative. With gaining knowledge about the signaling mechanisms of TNF and the differential role of the two TNF receptors (TNFR), alternative therapeutic concepts based on receptor selective intervention have led to the development of novel protein therapeutics targeting TNFR1 with antagonists and TNFR2 with agonists. These antibodies and bio-engineered ligands are currently in preclinical and early clinical stages of development. Preclinical data obtained in different disease models show that selective targeting of TNFRs has therapeutic potential and may be superior to global TNF blockade in several disease indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Fischer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfizenmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Multiple Sclerosis: Consequences for Therapy Development. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7191080. [PMID: 32454942 PMCID: PMC7240663 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7191080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CNS inflammation is a major driver of MS pathology. Differential immune responses, including the adaptive and the innate immune system, are observed at various stages of MS and drive disease development and progression. Next to these immune-mediated mechanisms, other mediators contribute to MS pathology. These include immune-independent cell death of oligodendrocytes and neurons as well as oxidative stress-induced tissue damage. In particular, the complex influence of oxidative stress on inflammation and vice versa makes therapeutic interference complex. All approved MS therapeutics work by modulating the autoimmune response. However, despite substantial developments in the treatment of the relapsing-remitting form of MS, approved therapies for the progressive forms of MS as well as for MS-associated concomitants are limited and much needed. Here, we summarize the contribution of inflammation and oxidative stress to MS pathology and discuss consequences for MS therapy development.
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Fischer R, Padutsch T, Bracchi-Ricard V, Murphy KL, Martinez GF, Delguercio N, Elmer N, Sendetski M, Diem R, Eisel ULM, Smeyne RJ, Kontermann RE, Pfizenmaier K, Bethea JR. Exogenous activation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 promotes recovery from sensory and motor disease in a model of multiple sclerosis. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:247-259. [PMID: 31220564 PMCID: PMC6754799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) is a transmembrane receptor that promotes immune modulation and tissue regeneration and is recognized as a potential therapeutic target for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, TNFR2 also contributes to T effector cell function and macrophage-TNFR2 recently was shown to promote disease development in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS. We here demonstrate that systemic administration of a TNFR2 agonist alleviates peripheral and central inflammation, and reduces demyelination and neurodegeneration, indicating that protective signals induced by TNFR2 exceed potential pathogenic TNFR2-dependent responses. Our behavioral data show that systemic treatment of female EAE mice with a TNFR2 agonist is therapeutic on motor symptoms and promotes long-term recovery from neuropathic pain. Mechanistically, our data indicate that TNFR2 agonist treatment follows a dual mode of action and promotes both suppression of CNS autoimmunity and remyelination. Strategies based on the concept of exogenous activation of TNFR2 therefore hold great promise as a new therapeutic approach to treat motor and sensory disease in MS as well as other inflammatory diseases or neuropathic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Fischer
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Tanja Padutsch
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Kayla L. Murphy
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Niky Delguercio
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Nicholas Elmer
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Maksim Sendetski
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ricarda Diem
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,CCU Neurooncoloy, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich L. M. Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Richard J. Smeyne
- Department of Neurosciences, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Roland E. Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfizenmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - John R. Bethea
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104,To whom correspondence should be addressed: , Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, tel: +1 215 571 3785, , Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, tel: +1 215 895 2624
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21
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Gerald MJ, Bracchi-Ricard V, Ricard J, Fischer R, Nandakumar B, Blumenthal GH, Williams R, Kontermann RE, Pfizenmaier K, Moxon KA, Bethea JR. Continuous infusion of an agonist of the tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 in the spinal cord improves recovery after traumatic contusive injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:884-893. [PMID: 30941924 PMCID: PMC6630008 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The activation of the TNFR2 receptor is beneficial in several pathologies of the central nervous system, and this study examines whether it can ameliorate the recovery process following spinal cord injury. Methods EHD2‐sc‐mTNFR2, an agonist specific for TNFR2, was used to treat neurons exposed to high levels of glutamate in vitro. In vivo, it was infused directly to the spinal cord via osmotic pumps immediately after a contusion to the cord at the T9 level. Locomotion behavior was assessed for 6 weeks, and the tissue was analyzed (lesion size, RNA and protein expression, cell death) after injury. Somatosensory evoked potentials were also measured in response to hindlimb stimulation. Results The activation of TNFR2 protected neurons from glutamate‐mediated excitotoxicity through the activation of phosphoinositide‐3 kinase gamma in vitro and improved the locomotion of animals following spinal cord injury. The extent of the injury was not affected by infusing EHD2‐sc‐mTNFR2, but higher levels of neurofilament H and 2′, 3′‐cyclic‐nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase were observed 6 weeks after the injury. Finally, the activation of TNFR2 after injury increased the neural response recorded in the cortex following hindlimb stimulation. Conclusion The activation of TNFR2 in the spinal cord following contusive injury leads to enhanced locomotion and better cortical responses to hindlimb stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Gerald
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jerome Ricard
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Roman Fischer
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bharadwaj Nandakumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Gary H Blumenthal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Raushaun Williams
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfizenmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karen A Moxon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - John R Bethea
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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22
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Peng J, Li XM, Zhang GR, Cheng Y, Chen X, Gu W, Guo XJ. TNF-TNFR2 Signaling Inhibits Th2 and Th17 Polarization and Alleviates Allergic Airway Inflammation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 178:281-290. [PMID: 30763933 DOI: 10.1159/000493583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TNF-TNFR2 signaling has been indicated to be involved in CD4+ T lymphocyte differentiation. However, its role in allergic airway inflammation is not well understood. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TNF-TNFR2 signaling in allergic airway inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we used an allergen-induced asthma model to show that TNF-TNFR2 signaling alleviated allergic airway inflammation by reducing the airway infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils. Activated TNF-TNFR2 signaling decreased the expression of Th2 and Th17 cytokines in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, TNF-TNFR2 signaling inhibited Th2 and Th17 polarization but promoted Th1 and CD4+CD25+ T cell differentiation in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that TNF-TNFR2 signaling alleviates allergic airway inflammation through inhibition of Th2 and Th17 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Rui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Jun Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Ortí-Casañ N, Wu Y, Naudé PJW, De Deyn PP, Zuhorn IS, Eisel ULM. Targeting TNFR2 as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:49. [PMID: 30778285 PMCID: PMC6369349 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. Accumulating experimental evidence shows the important linkage between tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) and AD, but the exact role of TNF in AD is still not completely understood. Although TNF-inhibitors are successfully used for treating several diseases, total inhibition of TNF can cause side effects, particularly in neurological diseases. This is attributed to the opposing roles of the two TNF receptors. TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) predominantly mediates inflammatory and pro-apoptotic signaling pathways, whereas TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) is neuroprotective and promotes tissue regeneration. Therefore, the specific activation of TNFR2 signaling, either by directly targeting TNFR2 via TNFR2 agonists or by blocking TNFR1 signaling with TNFR1-selective antagonists, seems a promising strategy for AD therapy. This mini-review discusses the involvement of TNFR2 and its signaling pathway in AD and outlines its potential application as therapeutic target. A better understanding of the function of TNFR2 may lead to the development of a treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ortí-Casañ
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Petrus J W Naudé
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Inge S Zuhorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L M Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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24
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Yan L, Zheng D, Xu RH. Critical Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Signaling in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1658. [PMID: 30079066 PMCID: PMC6062591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been broadly used as a therapy for autoimmune disease in both animal models and clinical trials. MSCs inhibit T effector cells and many other immune cells, while activating regulatory T cells, thus reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and repressing inflammation. TNF can modify the MSC effects via two TNF receptors, i.e., TNFR1 in general mediates pro-inflammatory effects and TNFR2 mediates anti-inflammatory effects. In the central nervous system, TNF signaling plays a dual role, which enhances inflammation via TNFR1 on immune cells while providing cytoprotection via TNFR2 on neural cells. In addition, the soluble form of TNFR1 and membrane-bound TNF also participate in the regulation to fine-tune the functions of target cells. Other factors that impact TNF signaling and MSC functions include the gender of the host, disease course, cytokine concentrations, and the length of treatment time. This review will introduce the fascinating progress in this aspect of research and discuss remaining questions and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Dejin Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ren-He Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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25
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A New Venue of TNF Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051442. [PMID: 29751683 PMCID: PMC5983675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The first Food and Drug Administration-(FDA)-approved drugs were small, chemically-manufactured and highly active molecules with possible off-target effects, followed by protein-based medicines such as antibodies. Conventional antibodies bind a specific protein and are becoming increasingly important in the therapeutic landscape. A very prominent class of biologicals are the anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs that are applied in several inflammatory diseases that are characterized by dysregulated TNF levels. Marketing of TNF inhibitors revolutionized the treatment of diseases such as Crohn’s disease. However, these inhibitors also have undesired effects, some of them directly associated with the inherent nature of this drug class, whereas others are linked with their mechanism of action, being pan-TNF inhibition. The effects of TNF can diverge at the level of TNF format or receptor, and we discuss the consequences of this in sepsis, autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. Recently, researchers tried to design drugs with reduced side effects. These include molecules with more specificity targeting one specific TNF format or receptor, or that neutralize TNF in specific cells. Alternatively, TNF-directed biologicals without the typical antibody structure are manufactured. Here, we review the complications related to the use of conventional TNF inhibitors, together with the anti-TNF alternatives and the benefits of selective approaches in different diseases.
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26
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Pegoretti V, Baron W, Laman JD, Eisel ULM. Selective Modulation of TNF-TNFRs Signaling: Insights for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment. Front Immunol 2018; 9:925. [PMID: 29760711 PMCID: PMC5936749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity develops when self-tolerance mechanisms are failing to protect healthy tissue. A sustained reaction to self is generated, which includes the generation of effector cells and molecules that destroy tissues. A way to restore this intrinsic tolerance is through immune modulation that aims at refurbishing this immunologically naïve or unresponsive state, thereby decreasing the aberrant immune reaction taking place. One major cytokine has been shown to play a pivotal role in several autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS): tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) modulates the induction and maintenance of an inflammatory process and it comes in two variants, soluble TNF (solTNF) and transmembrane bound TNF (tmTNF). tmTNF signals via TNFR1 and TNFR2, whereas solTNF signals mainly via TNFR1. TNFR1 is widely expressed and promotes mainly inflammation and apoptosis. Conversely, TNFR2 is restricted mainly to immune and endothelial cells and it is known to activate the pro-survival PI3K-Akt/PKB signaling pathway and to sustain regulatory T cells function. Anti-TNFα therapies are successfully used to treat diseases such as RA, colitis, and psoriasis. However, clinical studies with a non-selective inhibitor of TNFα in MS patients had to be halted due to exacerbation of clinical symptoms. One possible explanation for this failure is the non-selectivity of the treatment, which avoids TNFR2 stimulation and its immune and tissue protective properties. Thus, a receptor-selective modulation of TNFα signal pathways provides a novel therapeutic concept that might lead to new insights in MS pathology with major implications for its effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pegoretti
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wia Baron
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jon D Laman
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L M Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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27
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Zou H, Li R, Hu H, Hu Y, Chen X. Modulation of Regulatory T Cell Activity by TNF Receptor Type II-Targeting Pharmacological Agents. Front Immunol 2018; 9:594. [PMID: 29632537 PMCID: PMC5879105 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now compelling evidence that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-TNF receptor type II (TNFR2) interaction plays a decisive role in the activation, expansion, and phenotypical stability of suppressive CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). In an effort to translate this basic research finding into a therapeutic benefit, a number of agonistic or antagonistic TNFR2-targeting biological agents with the capacity to activate or inhibit Treg activity have been developed and studied. Recent studies also show that thalidomide analogs, cyclophosphamide, and other small molecules are able to act on TNFR2, resulting in the elimination of TNFR2-expressing Tregs. In contrast, pharmacological agents, such as vitamin D3 and adalimumab, were reported to induce the expansion of Tregs by promoting the interaction of transmembrane TNF (tmTNF) with TNFR2. These studies clearly show that TNFR2-targeting pharmacological agents represent an effective approach to modulating the function of Tregs and thus may be useful in the treatment of major human diseases such as autoimmune disorders, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and cancer. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the latest progress in the study of TNFR2-targeting pharmacological agents and their therapeutic potential based on upregulation or downregulation of Treg activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ruixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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28
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Lentferink DH, Jongsma JM, Werkman I, Baron W. Grey matter OPCs are less mature and less sensitive to IFNγ than white matter OPCs: consequences for remyelination. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2113. [PMID: 29391408 PMCID: PMC5794790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of demyelinated lesions in the central nervous system. At later stages of the disease repair in the form of remyelination often fails, which leads to axonal degeneration and neurological disability. For the regeneration of myelin, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) have to migrate, proliferate and differentiate into remyelinating oligodendrocytes. Remyelination occurs faster and is more extensive in grey matter (GM) lesions than in white matter (WM) lesions. Here, we examined differences in neonatal OPCs from GM (gmOPCs) and WM (wmOPCs), both intrinsically and in response to environmental (injury) signals. We show that gmOPCs are less mature than wmOPCs, both on morphological and on gene-expression level. Additionally, gmOPCs proliferate more and differentiate slower than wmOPCs. When exposed to astrocyte-secreted signals wmOPC, but not gmOPC, migration decreases. In addition, wmOPCs are more sensitive to the detrimental effects of IFNγ treatment on proliferation, differentiation, and process arborisation, which is potentiated by TNFα. Our results demonstrate that OPCs from GM and WM differ both intrinsically and in response to their environment, which may contribute to the difference in remyelination efficiency between GM and WM MS lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis H Lentferink
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacomien M Jongsma
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Werkman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wia Baron
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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29
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Gao H, Danzi MC, Choi CS, Taherian M, Dalby-Hansen C, Ellman DG, Madsen PM, Bixby JL, Lemmon VP, Lambertsen KL, Brambilla R. Opposing Functions of Microglial and Macrophagic TNFR2 in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Cell Rep 2017; 18:198-212. [PMID: 28052249 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is detrimental via activation of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), whereas transmembrane TNF is beneficial primarily by activating TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2). Here, we investigate the role of TNFR2 in microglia and monocytes/macrophages in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS, by cell-specific gene targeting. We show that TNFR2 ablation in microglia leads to early onset of EAE with increased leukocyte infiltration, T cell activation, and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS). Conversely, TNFR2 ablation in monocytes/macrophages results in EAE suppression with impaired peripheral T cell activation and reduced CNS T cell infiltration and demyelination. Our work uncovers a dichotomy of function for TNFR2 in myeloid cells, with microglial TNFR2 providing protective signals to contain disease and monocyte/macrophagic TNFR2 driving immune activation and EAE initiation. This must be taken into account when targeting TNFR2 for therapeutic purposes in neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Matt C Danzi
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Center for Computational Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Mehran Taherian
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Camilla Dalby-Hansen
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C 5000, Denmark
| | - Ditte G Ellman
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C 5000, Denmark
| | - Pernille M Madsen
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C 5000, Denmark
| | - John L Bixby
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Center for Computational Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vance P Lemmon
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Center for Computational Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kate L Lambertsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C 5000, Denmark; Brain Research - Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C 5000, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C 5000, Denmark
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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30
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Oligodendroglial TNFR2 Mediates Membrane TNF-Dependent Repair in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Promoting Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Remyelination. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5128-43. [PMID: 27147664 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0211-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is associated with the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis. It exists as a transmembrane form tmTNF, signaling via TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) and TNFR1, and a soluble form, solTNF, signaling via TNFR1. Multiple sclerosis is associated with the detrimental effects of solTNF acting through TNFR1, while tmTNF promotes repair and remyelination. Here we demonstrate that oligodendroglial TNFR2 is a key mediator of tmTNF-dependent protection in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). CNP-cre:TNFR2(fl/fl) mice with TNFR2 ablation in oligodendrocytes show exacerbation of the disease with increased axon and myelin pathology, reduced remyelination, and increased loss of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and mature oligodendrocytes. The clinical course of EAE is not improved by the solTNF inhibitor XPro1595 in CNP-cre:TNFR2(fl/fl) mice, indicating that for tmTNF to promote recovery TNFR2 in oligodendrocytes is required. We show that TNFR2 drives differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, but not proliferation or survival. TNFR2 ablation leads to dysregulated expression of microRNAs, among which are regulators of oligodendrocyte differentiation and inflammation, including miR-7a. Our data provide the first direct in vivo evidence that TNFR2 in oligodendrocytes is important for oligodendrocyte differentiation, thereby sustaining tmTNF-dependent repair in neuroimmune disease. Our studies identify TNFR2 in the CNS as a molecular target for the development of remyelinating agents, addressing the most pressing need in multiple sclerosis therapy nowadays. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our study, using novel TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) conditional KO mice with selective TNFR2 ablation in oligodendrocytes, provides the first direct evidence that TNFR2 is an important signal for oligodendrocyte differentiation. Following activation by transmembrane TNF, TNFR2 initiates pathways that drive oligodendrocytes into a reparative mode contributing to remyelination following disease. This identifies TNFR2 as a new molecular target for the development of therapeutic agents in multiple sclerosis.
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Karamita M, Barnum C, Möbius W, Tansey MG, Szymkowski DE, Lassmann H, Probert L. Therapeutic inhibition of soluble brain TNF promotes remyelination by increasing myelin phagocytosis by microglia. JCI Insight 2017; 2:87455. [PMID: 28422748 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.87455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory CNS demyelinating disease in which remyelination largely fails. Transmembrane TNF (tmTNF) and TNF receptor 2 are important for remyelination in experimental MS models, but it is unknown whether soluble TNF (solTNF), a major proinflammatory factor, is involved in regeneration processes. Here, we investigated the specific contribution of solTNF to demyelination and remyelination in the cuprizone model. Treatment with XPro1595, a selective inhibitor of solTNF that crosses the intact blood-brain barrier (BBB), in cuprizone-fed mice did not prevent toxin-induced oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination, but it permitted profound early remyelination due to improved phagocytosis of myelin debris by CNS macrophages and prevented disease-associated decline in motor performance. The beneficial effects of XPro1595 were absent in TNF-deficient mice and replicated in tmTNF-knockin mice, showing that tmTNF is sufficient for the maintenance of myelin and neuroprotection. These findings demonstrate that solTNF inhibits remyelination and repair in a cuprizone demyelination model and suggest that local production of solTNF in the CNS might be one reason why remyelination fails in MS. These findings also suggest that disinhibition of remyelination by selective inhibitors of solTNF that cross the BBB might represent a promising approach for treatment in progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karamita
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Malú G Tansey
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Hans Lassmann
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Centre for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lesley Probert
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
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New Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress Mechanisms in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1973834. [PMID: 27829982 PMCID: PMC5088319 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1973834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by an inflammatory process and demyelination. The etiology of the disease is still not fully understood. Therefore, finding new etiological factors is of such crucial importance. It is suspected that the development of MS may be affected by oxidative stress (OS). In the acute phase OS initiates inflammatory processes and in the chronic phase it sustains neurodegeneration. Redox processes in MS are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulation of axonal bioenergetics, iron accumulation in the brain, impaired oxidant/antioxidant balance, and OS memory. The present paper is a review of the current literature about the role of OS in MS and it focuses on all major aspects. The article explains the mechanisms of OS, reports unique biomarkers with regard to their clinical significance, and presents a poorly understood relationship between OS and neurodegeneration. It also provides novel methods of treatment, including the use of antioxidants and the role of antioxidants in neuroprotection. Furthermore, adding new drugs in the treatment of relapse may be useful. The article considers the significance of OS in the current treatment of MS patients.
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Essential protective role of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 in neurodegeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:12304-12309. [PMID: 27791020 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1605195113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recognized role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in inflammation and neuronal degeneration, anti-TNF therapeutics failed to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Animal disease models had revealed the antithetic effects of the two TNF receptors (TNFR) in the central nervous system, whereby TNFR1 has been associated with inflammatory degeneration and TNFR2 with neuroprotection. We here show the therapeutic potential of selective inhibition of TNFR1 and activation of TNFR2 by ATROSAB, a TNFR1-selective antagonistic antibody, and EHD2-scTNFR2, an agonistic TNFR2-selective TNF, respectively, in a mouse model of NMDA-induced acute neurodegeneration. Coadministration of either ATROSAB or EHD2-scTNFR2 into the magnocellular nucleus basalis significantly protected cholinergic neurons and their cortical projections against cell death, and reverted the neurodegeneration-associated memory impairment in a passive avoidance paradigm. Simultaneous blocking of TNFR1 and TNFR2 signaling, however, abrogated the therapeutic effect. Our results uncover an essential role of TNFR2 in neuroprotection. Accordingly, the therapeutic activity of ATROSAB is mediated by shifting the balance of the antithetic activity of endogenous TNF toward TNFR2, which appears essential for neuroprotection. Our data also explain earlier results showing that complete blocking of TNF activity by anti-TNF drugs was detrimental rather than protective and argue for the use of next-generation TNFR-selective TNF therapeutics as an effective approach in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Madsen PM, Clausen BH, Degn M, Thyssen S, Kristensen LK, Svensson M, Ditzel N, Finsen B, Deierborg T, Brambilla R, Lambertsen KL. Genetic ablation of soluble tumor necrosis factor with preservation of membrane tumor necrosis factor is associated with neuroprotection after focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1553-69. [PMID: 26661199 PMCID: PMC5012516 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15610339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microglia respond to focal cerebral ischemia by increasing their production of the neuromodulatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor, which exists both as membrane-anchored tumor necrosis factor and as cleaved soluble tumor necrosis factor forms. We previously demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor knockout mice display increased lesion volume after focal cerebral ischemia, suggesting that tumor necrosis factor is neuroprotective in experimental stroke. Here, we extend our studies to show that mice with intact membrane-anchored tumor necrosis factor, but no soluble tumor necrosis factor, display reduced infarct volumes at one and five days after stroke. This was associated with improved functional outcome after experimental stroke. No changes were found in the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor and tumor necrosis factor-related genes (TNFR1, TNFR2, TACE), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) or chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL10, CCL2); however, protein expression of TNF, IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL1 was reduced in membrane-anchored tumor necrosis factor(Δ/Δ) compared to membrane-anchored tumor necrosis factor(wt/wt) mice one day after experimental stroke. This was paralleled by reduced MHCII expression and a reduction in macrophage infiltration in the ipsilateral cortex of membrane-anchored tumor necrosis factor(Δ/Δ) mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that membrane-anchored tumor necrosis factor mediates the protective effects of tumor necrosis factor signaling in experimental stroke, and therapeutic strategies specifically targeting soluble tumor necrosis factor could be beneficial in clinical stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille M Madsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Bettina H Clausen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Matilda Degn
- Molecular Sleep Lab, Department of Diagnostics, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Stine Thyssen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lotte K Kristensen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martina Svensson
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicholas Ditzel
- KMEB, Molecular Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bente Finsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Kate L Lambertsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Creation of mouse TNFR2-selective agonistic TNF mutants using a phage display technique. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 7:309-315. [PMID: 28955920 PMCID: PMC5613346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), which is an immuno-modulatory cytokine, has been suggested to cause inflammatory responses as well as protection against tissue dysfunction by binding two types of TNF receptor (TNFR1/TNFR2). However, the physiological effects of TNFR2-specific activation remain unclear. We therefore aimed to generate a TNF mutant with full TNFR2-selective agonist activity as a functional analytical tool. In this study, we utilized a phage display technique to create mouse TNFR2 (mTNFR2)-selective TNF mutants that bind specifically to mTNFR2 and show full bioactivity compared with wild-type TNF. A new phage library displaying TNF mutants was created, in which nine amino acid residues at the predicted receptor-binding site were randomized. From this library, an agonistic TNF mutant exhibiting high binding selectivity and bioactivity to mTNFR2 was isolated. We propose that this TNF mutant would be a powerful tool with which to elucidate the functional roles of mTNFR2. We generated a TNF mutant with full TNFR2-selective agonist activity. This mutant was identified using a phage display technique. This agonist exhibited high binding selectivity and bioactivity to mouse TNFR2. This would be a powerful tool to elucidate the functional roles of mouse TNFR2.
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Levine J. The reactions and role of NG2 glia in spinal cord injury. Brain Res 2016; 1638:199-208. [PMID: 26232070 PMCID: PMC4732922 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) react rapidly to brain and spinal cord injuries. This reaction is characterized by the retraction of cell processes, cell body swelling and increased expression of the NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Reactive OPCs rapidly divide and accumulate surrounding the injury site where they become major cellular components of the glial scar. The glial reaction to injury is an attempt to restore normal homeostasis and re-establish the glia limitans but the exact role of reactive OPCs in these processes is not well understood. Traumatic injury results in extensive oligodendrocyte cell death and the proliferating OPCs generate the large number of precursor cells necessary for remyelination. Reactive OPCs, however, also are a source of axon-growth inhibitory proteoglycans and may interact with invading inflammatory cells in complex ways. Here, I discuss these and other properties of OPCs after spinal cord injury. Understanding the regulation of these disparate properties may lead to new therapeutic approaches to devastating injuries of the spinal cord. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:NG2-glia(Invited only).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Levine
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stonybrook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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Targeting of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Receptors as a Therapeutic Strategy for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Antibodies (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/antib4040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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38
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Kang H, Cao S, Chen T, Jiang Z, Liu Z, Li Z, Wei Y, Ai N, Xu Q, Lin Q, Wei S. The poor recovery of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is associated with a lower level of CXCL12 in the human brain. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 289:56-61. [PMID: 26616871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) are blindness-causing neuritis. In NMOSD patients, NMO-IgG evokes astrocytopathy that in turn causes demyelination. While measurement of NMO-IgG titer will help neurologists make the diagnosis of NMOSDs, it is not sufficient to evaluate the severity of astrocytopathy. In this study, we compared the different levels of an astrocyte biomarker in cerebrospinal fluid of NMOSD patients with good or poor recovery, and then linked their differences to the changes in remyelinating promoter (CXCL12) levels. Our results indicate that NMO-IgG down-regulated CXCL12 and impaired the remyelinating process, this may be a mechanism contributing to the poor recovery of NMOSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingjun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaocai Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Longfu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yangang Wei
- Bioori Translational Medicine Center, Beijing, China
| | - Nanping Ai
- Bioori Translational Medicine Center, Beijing, China
| | - Quangang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
| | - Shihui Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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TNF and its receptors in the CNS: The essential, the desirable and the deleterious effects. Neuroscience 2015; 302:2-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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40
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Shi H, Hu X, Leak RK, Shi Y, An C, Suenaga J, Chen J, Gao Y. Demyelination as a rational therapeutic target for ischemic or traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2015; 272:17-25. [PMID: 25819104 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous research on stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) heavily emphasized pathological alterations in neuronal cells within gray matter. However, recent studies have highlighted the equal importance of white matter integrity in long-term recovery from these conditions. Demyelination is a major component of white matter injury and is characterized by loss of the myelin sheath and oligodendrocyte cell death. Demyelination contributes significantly to long-term sensorimotor and cognitive deficits because the adult brain only has limited capacity for oligodendrocyte regeneration and axonal remyelination. In the current review, we will provide an overview of the major causes of demyelination and oligodendrocyte cell death following acute brain injuries, and discuss the crosstalk between myelin, axons, microglia, and astrocytes during the process of demyelination. Recent discoveries of molecules that regulate the processes of remyelination may provide novel therapeutic targets to restore white matter integrity and improve long-term neurological recovery in stroke or TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Anesthesiology of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Yejie Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Chengrui An
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Suenaga
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Yanqin Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Interrelation of oxidative stress and inflammation in neurodegenerative disease: role of TNF. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:610813. [PMID: 25834699 PMCID: PMC4365363 DOI: 10.1155/2015/610813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are common features of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Both conditions can lead to increased oxidative stress by excessive release of harmful reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), which further promote neuronal damage and subsequent inflammation resulting in a feed-forward loop of neurodegeneration. The cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a master regulator of the immune system, plays an important role in the propagation of inflammation due to the activation and recruitment of immune cells via its receptor TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). Moreover, TNFR1 can directly induce oxidative stress by the activation of ROS and RNS producing enzymes. Both TNF-induced oxidative stress and inflammation interact and cooperate to promote neurodegeneration. However, TNF plays a dual role in neurodegenerative disease, since stimulation via its second receptor, TNFR2, is neuroprotective and promotes tissue regeneration. Here we review the interrelation of oxidative stress and inflammation in the two major chronic neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and discuss the dual role of TNF in promoting neurodegeneration and tissue regeneration via its two receptors.
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Moore CS, Cui QL, Warsi NM, Durafourt BA, Zorko N, Owen DR, Antel JP, Bar-Or A. Direct and Indirect Effects of Immune and Central Nervous System–Resident Cells on Human Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:761-72. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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44
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Candel S, de Oliveira S, López-Muñoz A, García-Moreno D, Espín-Palazón R, Tyrkalska SD, Cayuela ML, Renshaw SA, Corbalán-Vélez R, Vidal-Abarca I, Tsai HJ, Meseguer J, Sepulcre MP, Mulero V. Tnfa signaling through tnfr2 protects skin against oxidative stress-induced inflammation. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001855. [PMID: 24802997 PMCID: PMC4011677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A new zebrafish model of skin inflammatory disease explains new-onset and worsening psoriasis and lichen planus in patients receiving anti-TNFα therapy. TNFα overexpression has been associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis, lichen planus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Paradoxically, numerous studies have reported new-onset psoriasis and lichen planus following TNFα antagonist therapy. Here, we show that genetic inhibition of Tnfa and Tnfr2 in zebrafish results in the mobilization of neutrophils to the skin. Using combinations of fluorescent reporter transgenes, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry, we identified the local production of dual oxidase 1 (Duox1)-derived H2O2 by Tnfa- and Tnfr2-deficient keratinocytes as a trigger for the activation of the master inflammation transcription factor NF-κB, which then promotes the induction of genes encoding pro-inflammatory molecules. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of Duox1 completely abrogated skin inflammation, placing Duox1-derived H2O2 upstream of this positive feedback inflammatory loop. Strikingly, DUOX1 was drastically induced in the skin lesions of psoriasis and lichen planus patients. These results reveal a crucial role for TNFα/TNFR2 axis in the protection of the skin against DUOX1-mediated oxidative stress and could establish new therapeutic targets for skin inflammatory disorders. Psoriasis and lichen planus are chronic, debilitating skin diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. TNFα is a multifunctional cytokine that mediates acute and chronic inflammation. While TNFα antagonist therapy is used for autoimmune or chronic inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), numerous studies have reported new-onset psoriasis and lichen planus following such therapy. We have used the unique advantages of the zebrafish embryo to identify a novel phenotype that mirrors this unexplained and paradoxical onset of psoriasis and lichen planus. We found that depletion of Tnfa or its receptor Tnfr2 caused skin inflammation and hyperproliferation of keratinocytes through the activation of a Duox1/H2O2/NF-κB positive feedback inflammatory loop. Strikingly, DUOX1 was drastically induced in the skin lesions of psoriasis and lichen planus patients, and pharmacological inhibition of Duox1 abrogated skin inflammation, placing Duox1-derived H2O2 upstream of this inflammatory loop. Our results suggest that therapies targeting DUOX1 and H2O2 could provide innovative approaches to the management of skin inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Candel
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Sofía de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
- Carlota Saldanha Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Azucena López-Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Diana García-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Raquel Espín-Palazón
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Sylwia D. Tyrkalska
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - María L. Cayuela
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
- Grupo de Telómeros, Envejecimiento y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación, Departamento de Cirugía, CIBERehd. Hospital Universitario “Virgen de la Arrixaca,” Murcia, Spain
| | - Stephen A. Renshaw
- MRC Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Raúl Corbalán-Vélez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario “Virgen de la Arrixaca,” Murcia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Vidal-Abarca
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario “Virgen de la Arrixaca,” Murcia, Spain
| | - Huai-Jen Tsai
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - José Meseguer
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - María P. Sepulcre
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Fischer R, Wajant H, Kontermann R, Pfizenmaier K, Maier O. Astrocyte-specific activation of TNFR2 promotes oligodendrocyte maturation by secretion of leukemia inhibitory factor. Glia 2013; 62:272-83. [PMID: 24310780 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2 have pleiotropic effects in neurodegenerative disorders. For example, while TNFR1 mediates neurodegenerative effects in multiple sclerosis, TNFR2 is protective and contributes to remyelination. The exact mode of TNFR2 action, however, is poorly understood. Here, we show that TNFR2-mediated activation of the PI3K-PKB/Akt pathway in primary astrocytes increased the expression of neuroprotective genes, including that encoding the neurotrophic cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). To investigate whether intercellular signaling between TNFR2-stimulated astrocytes and oligodendrocytes plays a role in oligodendrocyte maturation, we established an astrocyte-oligodendrocyte coculture model, composed of primary astrocytes from huTNFR2-transgenic (tgE1335) mice and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) from wild-type mice, capable of differentiating into mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. In this model, selective stimulation of human TNFR2 on astrocytes, promoted differentiation of cocultured OPCs to myelin basic protein-positive mature oligodendrocytes. Addition of LIF neutralizing antibodies inhibited oligodendrocyte differentiation, indicating a crucial role of TNFR2-induced astrocyte derived LIF for oligodendrocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Fischer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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