1
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Lin Q, Cao J, Yu J, Zhu Y, Shen Y, Wang S, Wang Y, Liu Z, Chang Y. YAP-mediated trophoblast dysfunction: the common pathway underlying pregnancy complications. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:353. [PMID: 38098027 PMCID: PMC10722737 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a pivotal regulator in cellular proliferation, survival, differentiation, and migration, with significant roles in embryonic development, tissue repair, and tumorigenesis. At the maternal-fetal interface, emerging evidence underscores the importance of precisely regulated YAP activity in ensuring successful pregnancy initiation and progression. However, despite the established association between YAP dysregulation and adverse pregnancy outcomes, insights into the impact of aberrant YAP levels in fetal-derived, particularly trophoblast cells, and the ensuing dysfunction at the maternal-fetal interface remain limited. This review comprehensively examines YAP expression and its regulatory mechanisms in trophoblast cells throughout pregnancy. We emphasize its integral role in placental development and maternal-fetal interactions and delve into the correlations between YAP dysregulation and pregnancy complications. A nuanced understanding of YAP's functions during pregnancy could illuminate intricate molecular mechanisms and pave the way for innovative prevention and treatment strategies for pregnancy complications. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimei Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University Affiliated Maternity Hospital, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Jiasong Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University Affiliated Maternity Hospital, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yongmei Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University Affiliated Maternity Hospital, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University Affiliated Maternity Hospital, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Academy of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ying Chang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University Affiliated Maternity Hospital, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, 300100, China.
- Academy of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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2
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Yang Y, Cao YL, Wang WH, Sen Shi S, Zhang YY, Lv BB, Yang WW, Li M, Wei D. Syndecan-2 modulates the YAP pathway in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related migration, invasion, and drug resistance in colorectal cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20183. [PMID: 37876440 PMCID: PMC10590854 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with an invasive phenotype in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we examined the roles of YES-associated protein (YAP) and syndecan-2 (SDC2) in EMT-related progression, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance in CRC. The expression levels of YAP and SDC2 in CRC patient tumor tissue were quantified by PCR and western blotting. EMT-associated characteristics were assessed using Transwell assays and immunohistochemistry. Co-immunoprecipitation, glutathione S-transferase pull-down, and luciferase reporter assays were used to assess interactions between YAP and SDC2. YAP was found to be highly expressed in tumor tissue from 13/16 CRC patients, while SDC2 was highly expressed in the tumor tissue of 12/16 CRC patients. Overexpression of YAP in colon cancer cells led to increased cell viability, invasion, migration, and oxaliplatin resistance demonstrating that YAP plays a role in EMT. In addition, overexpression of YAP led to decreased expression of the large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1) and mammalian sterile 20-like kinases (MST1/2). Decreased LATS1 expression was associated with increased levels of cell proliferation. Knockdown of YAP by shRNA interference led to decreased cell invasion, migration, and drug resistance in colon cancer cells and reduced tumorigenesis in a mouse xenograft model. Finally, we established that YAP interacted with SDC2, and demonstrated that SDC2 mediated the YAP pathway through the EMT-related factors BMP4, CTGF and FOXM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Institute of Anal Colorectal Surgery, The 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Luoyang, 471031, Henan Province, China
| | - Yong Li Cao
- Institute of Anal Colorectal Surgery, The 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Luoyang, 471031, Henan Province, China
| | - Wen Hang Wang
- Department of Anorectal, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan Province, China
| | - Shou Sen Shi
- Institute of Anal Colorectal Surgery, The 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Luoyang, 471031, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuan Yao Zhang
- Institute of Anal Colorectal Surgery, The 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Luoyang, 471031, Henan Province, China
| | - Bing Bing Lv
- Institute of Anal Colorectal Surgery, The 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Luoyang, 471031, Henan Province, China
| | - Wei Wei Yang
- Institute of Anal Colorectal Surgery, The 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Luoyang, 471031, Henan Province, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Anal Colorectal Surgery, The 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Luoyang, 471031, Henan Province, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Institute of Anal Colorectal Surgery, The 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Luoyang, 471031, Henan Province, China
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3
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DiGiovanni GT, Han W, Sherrill TP, Taylor CJ, Nichols DS, Geis NM, Singha UK, Calvi CL, McCall AS, Dixon MM, Liu Y, Jang JH, Gutor SS, Polosukhin VV, Blackwell TS, Kropski JA, Gokey JJ. Epithelial Yap/Taz are required for functional alveolar regeneration following acute lung injury. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e173374. [PMID: 37676731 PMCID: PMC10629815 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other interstitial lung diseases is dysregulated repair of the alveolar epithelium. The Hippo pathway effector transcription factors YAP and TAZ are implicated as essential for type 1 and type 2 alveolar epithelial cell (AT1 and AT2) differentiation in the developing lung, yet aberrant activation of YAP/TAZ is a prominent feature of the dysregulated alveolar epithelium in IPF. In these studies, we sought to define the functional role of YAP/TAZ activity during alveolar regeneration. We demonstrated that Yap and Taz were normally activated in AT2 cells shortly after injury, and deletion of Yap/Taz in AT2 cells led to pathologic alveolar remodeling, failure of AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation, increased collagen deposition, exaggerated neutrophilic inflammation, and increased mortality following injury induced by a single dose of bleomycin. Loss of Yap/Taz activity prior to an LPS injury prevented AT1 cell regeneration, led to intraalveolar collagen deposition, and resulted in persistent innate inflammation. These findings establish that AT2 cell Yap/Taz activity is essential for functional alveolar epithelial repair and prevention of fibrotic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca T. DiGiovanni
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wei Han
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Taylor P. Sherrill
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chase J. Taylor
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David S. Nichols
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Natalie M. Geis
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ujjal K. Singha
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carla L. Calvi
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - A. Scott McCall
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Molly M. Dixon
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ji-Hoon Jang
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sergey S. Gutor
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Vasiliy V. Polosukhin
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Kropski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jason J. Gokey
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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4
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Koushki N, Ghagre A, Srivastava LK, Molter C, Ehrlicher AJ. Nuclear compression regulates YAP spatiotemporal fluctuations in living cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301285120. [PMID: 37399392 PMCID: PMC10334804 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301285120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key mechanotransduction protein in diverse physiological and pathological processes; however, a ubiquitous YAP activity regulatory mechanism in living cells has remained elusive. Here, we show that YAP nuclear translocation is highly dynamic during cell movement and is driven by nuclear compression arising from cell contractile work. We resolve the mechanistic role of cytoskeletal contractility in nuclear compression by manipulation of nuclear mechanics. Disrupting the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex reduces nuclear compression for a given contractility and correspondingly decreases YAP localization. Conversely, decreasing nuclear stiffness via silencing of lamin A/C increases nuclear compression and YAP nuclear localization. Finally, using osmotic pressure, we demonstrated that nuclear compression even without active myosin or filamentous actin regulates YAP localization. The relationship between nuclear compression and YAP localization captures a universal mechanism for YAP regulation with broad implications in health and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Newsha Koushki
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Ajinkya Ghagre
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 0E9, Canada
| | | | - Clayton Molter
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Allen J. Ehrlicher
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 0E9, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 0C7, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 0C3, Canada
- Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3G 0B1, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
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5
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Palamaris K, Levidou G, Kordali K, Masaoutis C, Rontogianni D, Theocharis S. Searching for Novel Biomarkers in Thymic Epithelial Tumors: Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Hippo Pathway Components in a Cohort of Thymic Epithelial Tumors. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1876. [PMID: 37509515 PMCID: PMC10377518 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the pivotal role of the Hippo pathway in different facets of tumorigenesis, which has been vigorously established in multiple heterogenous malignancies, we attempted to evaluate its potential utility as a prognostic-predictive biomarker in thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). For this purpose, we performed a comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of four Hippo cascade components (YAP, TAZ, TEAD4 and LATS1) in a sizeable cohort of TETs and attempted to identify possible correlations of their H-score with various clinicopathological parameters. TAZ and TEAD4 displayed both cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity in almost equal frequency, with their cytoplasmic H-score being strongly associated with more aggressive high-grade tumors (type B3, thymic carcinoma) and more advanced pathological stages. On the other hand, a primarily nuclear staining pattern was encountered in both YAP and LATS1, with the YAP nuclear H-score being higher in more indolent (type A) and earlier stage tumors. Interestingly, none of the four examined factors displayed any statistically significant correlation with patient overall (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS). In summary, our results provide some initial insight into the expression profile of these core Hippo pathway components in thymic neoplasms and point towards some clear associations with tumor characteristics, which are of paramount translational-clinical research with profound implications in therapeutic targeting of this pathway in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Palamaris
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Levidou
- Department of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Katerina Kordali
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Masaoutis
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Rontogianni
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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6
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Tian G, Ren T. Mechanical stress regulates the mechanotransduction and metabolism of cardiac fibroblasts in fibrotic cardiac diseases. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151288. [PMID: 36696810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic cardiac diseases are characterized by myocardial fibrosis that results in maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are the main cell type responsible for fibrosis. In response to stress or injury, intrinsic CFs develop into myofibroblasts and produce excess extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Myofibroblasts are mechanosensitive cells that can detect changes in tissue stiffness and respond accordingly. Previous studies have revealed that some mechanical stimuli control fibroblast behaviors, including ECM formation, cell migration, and other phenotypic traits. Further, metabolic alteration is reported to regulate fibrotic signaling cascades, such as the transforming growth factor-β pathway and ECM deposition. However, the relationship between metabolic changes and mechanical stress during fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition remains unclear. This review aims to elaborate on the crosstalk between mechanical stress and metabolic changes during the pathological transition of cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geer Tian
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China; Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, 66 Dongxin Road, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Tanchen Ren
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China.
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7
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Vázquez-Ulloa E, Lin KL, Lizano M, Sahlgren C. Reversible and bidirectional signaling of notch ligands. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 57:377-398. [PMID: 36048510 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2022.2113029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is a direct cell-cell communication system involved in a wide variety of biological processes, and its disruption is observed in several pathologies. The pathway is comprised of a ligand-expressing (sender) cell and a receptor-expressing (receiver) cell. The canonical ligands are members of the Delta/Serrate/Lag-1 (DSL) family of proteins. Their binding to a Notch receptor in a neighboring cell induces a conformational change in the receptor, which will undergo regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP), liberating the Notch intracellular domain (NICD). The NICD is translocated to the nucleus and promotes gene transcription. It has been demonstrated that the ligands can also undergo RIP and nuclear translocation, suggesting a function for the ligands in the sender cell and possible bidirectionality of the Notch pathway. Although the complete mechanism of ligand processing is not entirely understood, and its dependence on Notch receptors has not been ruled out. Also, ligands have autonomous functions beyond Notch activation. Here we review the concepts of reverse and bidirectional signalization of DSL proteins and discuss the characteristics that make them more than just ligands of the Notch pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elenaé Vázquez-Ulloa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering/Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kai-Lan Lin
- Faculty of Science and Engineering/Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering/Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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8
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García-García M, Sánchez-Perales S, Jarabo P, Calvo E, Huyton T, Fu L, Ng SC, Sotodosos-Alonso L, Vázquez J, Casas-Tintó S, Görlich D, Echarri A, Del Pozo MA. Mechanical control of nuclear import by Importin-7 is regulated by its dominant cargo YAP. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1174. [PMID: 35246520 PMCID: PMC8897400 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces regulate multiple essential pathways in the cell. The nuclear translocation of mechanoresponsive transcriptional regulators is an essential step for mechanotransduction. However, how mechanical forces regulate the nuclear import process is not understood. Here, we identify a highly mechanoresponsive nuclear transport receptor (NTR), Importin-7 (Imp7), that drives the nuclear import of YAP, a key regulator of mechanotransduction pathways. Unexpectedly, YAP governs the mechanoresponse of Imp7 by forming a YAP/Imp7 complex that responds to mechanical cues through the Hippo kinases MST1/2. Furthermore, YAP behaves as a dominant cargo of Imp7, restricting the Imp7 binding and the nuclear translocation of other Imp7 cargoes such as Smad3 and Erk2. Thus, the nuclear import process is an additional regulatory layer indirectly regulated by mechanical cues, which activate a preferential Imp7 cargo, YAP, which competes out other cargoes, resulting in signaling crosstalk. The translation of mechanical cues into gene expression changes is dependent on the nuclear import of mechanoresponsive transcriptional regulators. Here the authors identify that Importin-7 drives the nuclear import of one such regulator YAP while YAP then controls Importin-7 response to mechanical cues and restricts Importin-7 binding to other cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-García
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory. Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Sánchez-Perales
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory. Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Jarabo
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Avda. Doctor Arce, 37, 28002, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Proteomics Unit. Area of Vascular Physiopathology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Trevor Huyton
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Liran Fu
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sheung Chun Ng
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Sotodosos-Alonso
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory. Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Proteomics Unit. Area of Vascular Physiopathology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Dirk Görlich
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Asier Echarri
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory. Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory. Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Zheng Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Xie L, Ge J, Yu G, Zhao G. N6-Methyladenosine Modification of PTTG3P Contributes to Colorectal Cancer Proliferation via YAP1. Front Oncol 2021; 11:669731. [PMID: 34660259 PMCID: PMC8515845 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.669731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged to have irreplaceable roles in the epigenetic regulation of cancer progression, but their biological functions in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Methods LncRNA expression profiles in CRC tissue and their normal counterpart were explored. Through gain and loss of function approaches, the role of lncRNA PTTG3P was validated in relevant CRC cells and subcutaneous tumor model. The correlations of PTTG3P expression with clinical outcomes were assessed. Results PTTG3P was upregulated in CRC tissues and was closely correlated with unsatisfactory prognosis. PTTG3P facilitated glycolysis and proliferation, and the transcriptional regulator YAP1 was necessary for PTTG3P-induced proliferation. Mechanistically, the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) subunit METTL3 increased PTTG3P expression by influencing its stability, while insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) could identify PTTG3P m6A methylation status and bind to it. IGF2BP2 knockdown partly recovered PTTG3P expression induced by METTL3, indicating that METTL3-regulated PTTG3P expression depended on the presence of IGF2BP2. Finally, rescue assays validated the critical role of the METTL3/PTTG3P/YAP1 axis on CRC proliferation. Conclusions PTTG3P is an independent prognostic biomarker for CRC. The METTL3/PTTG3P/YAP1 axis promotes the progression of CRC and is a promising treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Liaoning, China
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
| | - Longfei Xie
- Department of Physics and Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jinnian Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Liaoning, China
| | - Guilin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Liaoning, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Liaoning, China
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10
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Brewer CM, Nelson BR, Wakenight P, Collins SJ, Okamura DM, Dong XR, Mahoney WM, McKenna A, Shendure J, Timms A, Millen KJ, Majesky MW. Adaptations in Hippo-Yap signaling and myofibroblast fate underlie scar-free ear appendage wound healing in spiny mice. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2722-2740.e6. [PMID: 34610329 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) are terrestrial mammals that evolved unique scar-free regenerative wound-healing properties. Myofibroblasts (MFs) are the major scar-forming cell type in skin. We found that following traumatic injury to ear pinnae, MFs appeared rapidly in both Acomys and mouse yet persisted only in mouse. The timing of MF loss in Acomys correlated with wound closure, blastema differentiation, and nuclear localization of the Hippo pathway target protein Yap. Experiments in vitro revealed an accelerated PP2A-dependent dephosphorylation activity that maintained nuclear Yap in Acomys dermal fibroblasts (DFs) and was not detected in mouse or human DFs. Treatment of Acomys in vivo with the nuclear Yap-TEAD inhibitor verteporfin prolonged MF persistence and converted tissue regeneration to fibrosis. Forced Yap activity prevented and rescued TGF-β1-induced human MF formation in vitro. These results suggest that Acomys evolved modifications of Yap activity and MF fate important for scar-free regenerative wound healing in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Brewer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Branden R Nelson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Paul Wakenight
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Sarah J Collins
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Daryl M Okamura
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Xiu Rong Dong
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - William M Mahoney
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Aaron McKenna
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew Timms
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Mark W Majesky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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11
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Wang M, Dai M, Wang D, Xiong W, Zeng Z, Guo C. The regulatory networks of the Hippo signaling pathway in cancer development. J Cancer 2021; 12:6216-6230. [PMID: 34539895 PMCID: PMC8425214 DOI: 10.7150/jca.62402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a relatively young tumor-related signaling pathway. Although it was discovered lately, research on it developed rapidly. The Hippo signaling pathway is closely relevant to the occurrence and development of tumors and the maintenance of organ size and other biological processes. This manuscript focuses on YAP, the core molecule of the Hippo signaling pathway, and discussion the upstream and downstream regulatory networks of the Hippo signaling pathway during tumorigenesis and development. It also summarizes the relevant drugs involved in this signaling pathway, which may be helpful to the development of targeted drugs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maonan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Manli Dai
- Hunan Food and Drug Vocational College, Changsha 410036, China
| | - Dan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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12
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Wang Y, Yu G, Liu Y, Xie L, Ge J, Zhao G, Lin J. Hypoxia-induced PTTG3P contributes to colorectal cancer glycolysis and M2 phenotype of macrophage. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20210764. [PMID: 34132347 PMCID: PMC8264182 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical factors in tumor progression and are ectopically expressed in malignant tumors. Until now, lncRNA pituitary tumor-transforming 3, pseudogene (PTTG3P) biological function in colorectal cancer (CRC) further needs to be clarified. qRT-PCR was used to measure the PTTG3P level and CCK-8, glucose uptake, lactate assay, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay, extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) assay, and xenograft mice model were adopted to evaluate the glycolysis and proliferation, and macrophage polarization were determined in CRC cells. Xenograft experiments were utilized to analyze tumor growth. Ectopic expression of PTTG3P was involved in CRC and related to dismal prognosis. Through gain- and loss-of-function approaches, PTTG3P enhanced cell proliferation and glycolysis through YAP1. Further, LDHA knockdown or glycolysis inhibitor (2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), 3-BG) recovered from PTTG3P-induced proliferation. And PTTG3P overexpression could facilitate M2 polarization of macrophages. Silenced PTTG3P decreased the level of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and low PTTG3P expression related with CD8+ T, NK, and TFH cell infiltration. Besides, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1A) could increase PTTG3P expression by binding to the PTTG3P promoter region. Hypoxia-induced PTTG3P contributes to glycolysis and M2 phenotype of macrophage, which proposes a novel approach for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Guilin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Longfei Xie
- Department of Physics and Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
| | - Jinnian Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Liaoning 110031, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
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13
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SKI activates the Hippo pathway via LIMD1 to inhibit cardiac fibroblast activation. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:25. [PMID: 33847835 PMCID: PMC8043893 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that overexpression of SKI, an endogenous TGF-β1 repressor, deactivates the pro-fibrotic myofibroblast phenotype in the heart. We now show that SKI also functions independently of SMAD/TGF-β signaling, by activating the Hippo tumor-suppressor pathway and inhibiting the Transcriptional co-Activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ or WWTR1). The mechanism(s) by which SKI targets TAZ to inhibit cardiac fibroblast activation and fibrogenesis remain undefined. A rat model of post-myocardial infarction was used to examine the expression of TAZ during acute fibrogenesis and chronic heart failure. Results were then corroborated with primary rat cardiac fibroblast cell culture performed both on plastic and on inert elastic substrates, along with the use of siRNA and adenoviral expression vectors for active forms of SKI, YAP, and TAZ. Gene expression was examined by qPCR and luciferase assays, while protein expression was examined by immunoblotting and fluorescence microscopy. Cell phenotype was further assessed by functional assays. Finally, to elucidate SKI’s effects on Hippo signaling, the SKI and TAZ interactomes were captured in human cardiac fibroblasts using BioID2 and mass spectrometry. Potential interactors were investigated in vitro to reveal novel mechanisms of action for SKI. In vitro assays on elastic substrates revealed the ability of TAZ to overcome environmental stimuli and induce the activation of hypersynthetic cardiac myofibroblasts. Further cell-based assays demonstrated that SKI causes specific proteasomal degradation of TAZ, but not YAP, and shifts actin cytoskeleton dynamics to inhibit myofibroblast activation. These findings were supported by identifying the bi-phasic expression of TAZ in vivo during post-MI remodeling and fibrosis. BioID2-based interactomics in human cardiac fibroblasts suggest that SKI interacts with actin-modifying proteins and with LIM Domain-containing protein 1 (LIMD1), a negative regulator of Hippo signaling. Furthermore, we found that LATS2 interacts with TAZ, whereas LATS1 does not, and that LATS2 knockdown prevented TAZ downregulation with SKI overexpression. Our findings indicate that SKI’s capacity to regulate cardiac fibroblast activation is mediated, in part, by Hippo signaling. We postulate that the interaction between SKI and TAZ in cardiac fibroblasts is arbitrated by LIMD1, an important intermediary in focal adhesion-associated signaling pathways. This study contributes to the understanding of the unique physiology of cardiac fibroblasts, and of the relationship between SKI expression and cell phenotype.
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14
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Yu Y, Su X, Qin Q, Hou Y, Zhang X, Zhang H, Jia M, Chen Y. Yes-associated protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif as new targets in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:105009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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HUANG Y, YANG F, ZHOU T, XIE S. [Emerging roles of Hippo signaling pathway in gastrointestinal cancers and its molecular mechanisms]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 49:35-43. [PMID: 32621422 PMCID: PMC8800705 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.02.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hippo signaling pathway is highly conservative in evolution. MST1/2, LATS1/2, and the effector protein YAP/TAZ are the core members of this signaling pathway in mammalian cells. There have been many studies on YAP/TAZ and its downstream, however, the upstream regulatory factors of the Hippo signaling pathway remain unclear, and become one of the hot research directions of this pathway at present. In addition, Hippo signaling pathway can cross-talk with other signaling pathways such as Wnt and Notch signaling pathways, and plays an important role in controlling organ size, maintaining tissue homeostasis, and promoting tissue repair and regeneration. Abnormal Hippo signaling pathway may lead to the occurrence of a variety of tumors, especially gastrointestinal cancers such as liver cancer, colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. The abnormal expression of its members in gastrointestinal cancers is related to cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration. Hippo signaling pathway is vital for liver repair and regeneration. Its inactivation will lead to the occurrence of primary liver cancer. The mechanism of YAP in liver cancer mainly depends on TEAD-mediated gene transcription. Hippo signaling pathway is also important for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and its imbalance can lead to the occurrence and recurrence of colorectal cancer. In primary and metastatic gastric cancer, the expression of YAP/TAZ is significantly up-regulated, but the specific molecular mechanism is unclear. This article summarizes the recent progress on Hippo signaling pathway and its upstream regulatory factors, its roles in the development of gastrointestinal cancers and related molecular mechanisms; and also discusses the future research directions of Hippo signaling pathway.
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16
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Xue Y, Bhushan B, Mars WM, Bowen W, Tao J, Orr A, Stoops J, Yu Y, Luo J, Duncan AW, Michalopoulos GK. Phosphorylated Ezrin (Thr567) Regulates Hippo Pathway and Yes-Associated Protein (Yap) in Liver. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1427-1437. [PMID: 32289287 PMCID: PMC10069283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The activation of CD81 [the portal of entry of hepatitis C virus (HCV)] by agonistic antibody results in phosphorylation of Ezrin via Syk kinase and is associated with inactivation of the Hippo pathway and increase in yes-associated protein (Yap1). The opposite occurs when glypican-3 or E2 protein of HCV binds to CD81. Hepatocyte-specific glypican-3 transgenic mice have decreased levels of phosphorylated (p)-Ezrin (Thr567) and Yap, increased Hippo activity, and suppressed liver regeneration. The role of Ezrin in these processes has been speculated, but not proved. We show that Ezrin has a direct role in the regulation of Hippo pathway and Yap. Forced expression of plasmids expressing mutant Ezrin (T567D) that mimics p-Ezrin (Thr567) suppressed Hippo activity and activated Yap signaling in hepatocytes in vivo and enhanced activation of pathways of β-catenin and leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) and LGR5 receptors. Hepatoma cell lines JM1 and JM2 have decreased CD81 expression and Hippo activity and up-regulated p-Ezrin (T567). NSC668394, a p-Ezrin (Thr567) antagonist, significantly decreased hepatoma cell proliferation. We additionally show that p-Ezrin (T567) is controlled by epidermal growth factor receptor and MET. Ezrin phosphorylation, mediated by CD81-associated Syk kinase, is directly involved in regulation of Hippo pathway, Yap levels, and growth of normal and neoplastic hepatocytes. The finding has mechanistic and potentially therapeutic applications in hepatocyte growth biology, hepatocellular carcinoma, and HCV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Xue
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wendy M Mars
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William Bowen
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Junyan Tao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anne Orr
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Stoops
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yanping Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jianhua Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew W Duncan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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17
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Massoth LR, Hung YP, Nardi V, Nielsen GP, Hasserjian RP, Louissaint A, Fisch AS, Deshpande V, Zukerberg LR, Lennerz JK, Selig M, Glomski K, Patel PJ, Williams KJ, Sokol ES, Alexander BM, Vergilio JA, Ross JS, Pavlick DC, Chebib I, Williams EA. Pan-sarcoma genomic analysis of KMT2A rearrangements reveals distinct subtypes defined by YAP1-KMT2A-YAP1 and VIM-KMT2A fusions. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:2307-2317. [PMID: 32461620 PMCID: PMC7581494 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas are driven by diverse pathogenic mechanisms, including gene rearrangements in a subset of cases. Rare soft tissue sarcomas containing KMT2A fusions have recently been reported, characterized by a predilection for young adults, sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma-like morphology, and an often aggressive course. Nonetheless, clinicopathologic and molecular descriptions of KMT2A-rearranged sarcomas remain limited. In this study, we identified by targeted next-generation RNA sequencing an index patient with KMT2A fusion-positive soft tissue sarcoma. In addition, we systematically searched for KMT2A structural variants in a comprehensive genomic profiling database of 14,680 sarcomas interrogated by targeted next-generation DNA and/or RNA sequencing. We characterized the clinicopathologic and molecular features of KMT2A fusion-positive sarcomas, including KMT2A breakpoints, rearrangement partners, and concurrent genetic alterations. Collectively, we identified a cohort of 34 sarcomas with KMT2A fusions (0.2%), and YAP1 was the predominant partner (n = 16 [47%]). Notably, a complex rearrangement with YAP1 consistent with YAP1-KMT2A-YAP1 fusion was detected in most cases, with preservation of KMT2A CxxC-binding domain in the YAP1-KMT2A-YAP1 fusion and concurrent deletions of corresponding exons in KMT2A. The tumors often affected younger adults (age 20-66 [median 40] years) and histologically showed variably monomorphic epithelioid-to-spindle shaped cells embedded in a dense collagenous stroma. Ultrastructural evidence of fibroblastic differentiation was noted in one tumor examined. Our cohort also included two sarcomas with VIM-KMT2A fusions, each harboring concurrent mutations in CTNNB1, SMARCB1, and ARID1A and characterized histologically by sheets of spindle-to-round blue cells. The remaining 16 KMT2A-rearranged sarcomas in our cohort exhibited diverse histologic subtypes, each with unique novel fusion partners. In summary, KMT2A-fusion-positive sarcomas most commonly exhibit sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma-like morphology and complex YAP1-KMT2A-YAP1 fusions. Cases also include rare spindle-to-round cell sarcomas with VIM-KMT2A fusions and tumors of diverse histologic subtypes with unique KMT2A fusions to non-YAP1 non-VIM partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R. Massoth
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Yin P. Hung
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Valentina Nardi
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - G. Petur Nielsen
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Robert P. Hasserjian
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Abner Louissaint
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Adam S. Fisch
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Lawrence R. Zukerberg
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Jochen K. Lennerz
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Martin Selig
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Krzysztof Glomski
- grid.277313.30000 0001 0626 2712Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hartford Hospital, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT 06102 USA
| | - Parth J. Patel
- grid.264727.20000 0001 2248 3398Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Kevin Jon Williams
- grid.264727.20000 0001 2248 3398Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA ,grid.264727.20000 0001 2248 3398Department of Physiology and Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Ethan S. Sokol
- grid.418158.10000 0004 0534 4718Foundation Medicine, Inc., 150 Second Street, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA
| | - Brian M. Alexander
- grid.418158.10000 0004 0534 4718Foundation Medicine, Inc., 150 Second Street, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA
| | - Jo-Anne Vergilio
- grid.418158.10000 0004 0534 4718Foundation Medicine, Inc., 150 Second Street, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Ross
- grid.418158.10000 0004 0534 4718Foundation Medicine, Inc., 150 Second Street, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA ,grid.411023.50000 0000 9159 4457Department of Pathology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA
| | - Dean C. Pavlick
- grid.418158.10000 0004 0534 4718Foundation Medicine, Inc., 150 Second Street, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA
| | - Ivan Chebib
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Erik A. Williams
- grid.418158.10000 0004 0534 4718Foundation Medicine, Inc., 150 Second Street, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA
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Imam Aliagan A, Madungwe NB, Tombo N, Feng Y, Bopassa JC. Chronic GPER1 Activation Protects Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cardiomyoblast Death via Preservation of Mitochondrial Integrity and Deactivation of Mammalian Sterile-20-Like Kinase/Yes-Associated Protein Pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:579161. [PMID: 33193095 PMCID: PMC7604496 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.579161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Estrogen (17β-estradiol, E2) is well-known to induce cardioprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We recently reported that acute application of E2 at the onset of reperfusion in vivo induces cardioprotective effects against I/R injury via activation of its non-steroidal receptor, G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1). Here, we investigated the impact and mechanism underlying chronic GPER1 activation in cultured H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts. Methods: H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts were cultured and pretreated with the cytotoxic agent H2O2 for 24 h and incubated in the presence of vehicle (control), GPER1 agonists E2 and G1, or GPER1 agonists supplemented with G15 (GPER1 antagonist) for 48 or 96 h. After treatment, cells were collected to measure the rate of cell death and viability using flow cytometry and Calcein AM assay or MTT assay, respectively. The resistance to opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), the mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP production was assessed using fluorescence microscopy, and the mitochondrial structural integrity was observed with electron microscopy. The levels of the phosphorylation of mammalian sterile-20-like kinase (MST1) and yes-associated protein (YAP) were assessed by Western blot analysis in whole-cell lysate, while the expression levels of mitochondrial biogenesis genes, YAP target genes, and proapoptotic genes were measured by qRT-PCR. Results: We found that after H2O2 treatment, chronic E2/G1 treatment decreased cell death effect was associated with the prevention of the S phase of the cell cycle arrest compared to control. In the mitochondria, chronic E2/G1 activation treatment preserved the cristae morphology, and increased resistance to opening of mPTP, but with little change to mitochondrial fusion/fission. Additionally, chronic E2/G1 treatment predominantly reduced phosphorylation of MST1 and YAP, as well as increased MST1 and YAP protein levels. E2 treatment also upregulated the expression levels of TGF-β and PGC-1α mRNAs and downregulated PUMA and Bim mRNAs. Except for ATP production, all the E2 or G1 effects were prevented by the cotreatment with the GPER1 antagonist, G15. Conclusion: Together, these results indicate that chronic GPER1 activation with its agonists E2 or G1 treatment protects H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against oxidative stress-induced cell death and increases cell viability by preserving mitochondrial structure and function as well as delaying the opening of mPTP. These chronic GPER1 effects are associated with the deactivation of the non-canonical MST1/YAP mechanism that leads to genetic upregulation of cell growth genes (CTGF, CYR61, PGC-1α, and ANKRD1), and downregulation of proapoptotic genes (PUMA and Bim).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhafiz Imam Aliagan
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ngonidzashe B. Madungwe
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Nathalie Tombo
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Yansheng Feng
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jean C. Bopassa
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Jean C. Bopassa
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19
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Ho LTY, Osterwald A, Ruf I, Hunziker D, Mattei P, Challa P, Vann R, Ullmer C, Rao PV. Role of the autotaxin-lysophosphatidic acid axis in glaucoma, aqueous humor drainage and fibrogenic activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165560. [PMID: 31648019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ocular hypertension due to impaired aqueous humor (AH) drainage through the trabecular meshwork (TM) is a major risk factor for glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness. However, the etiology of ocular hypertension remains unclear. Although autotaxin, a secreted lysophospholipase D and its catalytic product lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) have been shown to modulate AH drainage through TM, we do not have a complete understanding of their role and regulation in glaucoma patients, TM and AH outflow. This study reports a significant increase in the levels of autotaxin, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), LPA and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the AH of Caucasian and African American open angle glaucoma patients relative to age-matched non-glaucoma patients. Treatment of human TM cells with dexamethasone, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) increased the levels of autotaxin protein, a response that was mitigated by inhibitors of glucocorticoid receptor, NF-kB and SMAD3. Dexamethasone, TNF-α, IL-1β and LPC treatment of TM cells also led to an increase in the levels of CTGF, fibronectin and collagen type 1 in an autotaxin dependent manner. Additionally, in perfused enucleated mouse eyes, autotaxin and LPC were noted to decrease, while inhibition of autotaxin was increased aqueous outflow through the TM. Taken together, these results provide additional evidence for dysregulation of the autotaxin-LPA axis in the AH of glaucoma patients, reveal molecular insights into the regulation of autotaxin expression in TM cells and the consequences of autotaxin inhibitors in suppressing the fibrogenic response and resistance to AH outflow through the TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona T Y Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anja Osterwald
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Iris Ruf
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hunziker
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrizio Mattei
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pratap Challa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robin Vann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christoph Ullmer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ponugoti Vasanth Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Cancer is a serious health issue in the world due to a large body of cancer-related human deaths, and there is no current treatment available to efficiently treat the disease as the tumor is often diagnosed at a serious stage. Moreover, Cancer cells are often resistant to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and molecular-targeted therapy. Upon further knowledge of mechanisms of tumorigenesis, aggressiveness, metastasis, and resistance to treatments, it is necessary to detect the disease at an earlier stage and for a better response to therapy. The hippo pathway possesses the unique capacity to lead to tumorigenesis. Mutations and altered expression of its core components (MST1/2, LATS1/2, YAP and TAZ) promote the migration, invasion, malignancy of cancer cells. The biological significance and deregulation of it have received a large body of interests in the past few years. Further understanding of hippo pathway will be responsible for cancer treatment. In this review, we try to discover the function of hippo pathway in different diversity of cancers, and discuss how Hippo pathway contributes to other cellular signaling pathways. Also, we try to describe how microRNAs, circRNAs, and ZNFs regulate hippo pathway in the process of cancer. It is necessary to find new therapy strategies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Han
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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21
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Callus BA, Finch-Edmondson ML, Fletcher S, Wilton SD. YAPping about and not forgetting TAZ. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:253-276. [PMID: 30570758 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway has emerged as a major eukaryotic signalling pathway and is increasingly the subject of intense interest, as are the key effectors of canonical Hippo signalling, YES-associated protein (YAP) and TAZ. The Hippo pathway has key roles in diverse biological processes, including network signalling regulation, development, organ growth, tissue repair and regeneration, cancer, stem cell regulation and mechanotransduction. YAP and TAZ are multidomain proteins and function as transcriptional coactivators of key genes to evoke their biological effects. YAP and TAZ interact with numerous partners and their activities are controlled by a complex set of processes. This review provides an overview of Hippo signalling and its role in growth. In particular, the functional domains of YAP and TAZ and the complex mechanisms that regulate their protein stability and activity are discussed. Notably, the similarities and key differences are highlighted between the two paralogues including which partner proteins interact with which functional domains to regulate their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan L Finch-Edmondson
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney Medical School, Australia.,Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Sue Fletcher
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Research, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Steve D Wilton
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Research, Nedlands, Australia
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22
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Muppala S, Raghunathan VK, Jalilian I, Thomasy S, Murphy CJ. YAP and TAZ are distinct effectors of corneal myofibroblast transformation. Exp Eye Res 2018; 180:102-109. [PMID: 30578787 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is elevated in wounds after injury and promotes the transdifferentiation of quiescent cells in the stroma (keratocytes, to activated fibroblasts and subsequently myofibroblasts-KFM transformation). Coactivators of transcription, YAP (Yes-associated protein) and TAZ (Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif), are mechanotransducers that intersect with the TGFβ pathway via interactions with Smad proteins. Here, we examined the distinct role of YAP and TAZ on TGFβ1 induced myofibroblast transformation of primary human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs). METHODS A knockdown approach was used to silence YAP and TAZ individually in HCFs. Forty-eight hours post siRNA transfection, cells were cultured in the presence or absence of 2 ng/ml TGFβ1 for 24h. The cells were subjected to nuclear and cytoplasmic fractionation. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), Smad 2, 3 and 4, CTGF and phospho-Smad2, 3, and 4 were assessed by qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS TGFβ1 stimulation resulted in the decreased phosphorylation of YAP in the cytosol, and increased levels of phosphorylated TAZ and Smad2/3/4 in the nucleus. Knockdown of TAZ resulted in elevated YAP expression but not vice versa. Additionally, knockdown of TAZ but not YAP resulted in upregulation of αSMA expression in the presence and absence of TGFβ1. In the presence of TGFβ1 YAP knockdown increased Smad2/3/4 expression and Smad4 phosphorylation, while TAZ knockdown had no effect on Smad2/3/4 expression and phosphorylation. YAP knockdown inhibited CTGF expression while TAZ knockdown resulted in its increased expression. Finally, simultaneous knockdown of YAP and TAZ resulted in cell death. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that YAP and TAZ function as distinct modulators of TGFβ1 induced myofibroblast transformation and have different roles in signalling. Specifically, TAZ limits YAP's ability to mediate KFM transformation via Smad proteins. The data also suggest that while having distinct effects, YAP and TAZ have redundant or combinatorial functions critical to cell survival. These results suggest that a loss of TAZ may help drive corneal haze and fibrosis and that the balance between YAP/TAZ is essential in controlling myofibroblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santoshi Muppala
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Vijay Krishna Raghunathan
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Iman Jalilian
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sara Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher J Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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23
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Elbediwy A, Vanyai H, Diaz-de-la-Loza MDC, Frith D, Snijders AP, Thompson BJ. Enigma proteins regulate YAP mechanotransduction. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.221788. [PMID: 30404826 PMCID: PMC6262774 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.221788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cells can sense mechanical stress acting upon integrin adhesions and respond by sending the YAP (also known as YAP1) and TAZ (also known as WWTR1) transcriptional co-activators to the nucleus to drive TEAD-dependent transcription of target genes. How integrin signaling activates YAP remains unclear. Here, we show that integrin-mediated mechanotransduction requires the Enigma and Enigma-like proteins (PDLIM7 and PDLIM5, respectively; denoted for the family of PDZ and LIM domain-containing proteins). YAP binds to PDLIM5 and PDLIM7 (hereafter PDLIM5/7) via its C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (PBM), which is essential for full nuclear localization and activity of YAP. Accordingly, silencing of PDLIM5/7 expression reduces YAP nuclear localization, tyrosine phosphorylation and transcriptional activity. The PDLIM5/7 proteins are recruited from the cytoplasm to integrin adhesions and F-actin stress fibers in response to force by binding directly to the key stress fiber component α-actinin. Thus, forces acting on integrins recruit Enigma family proteins to trigger YAP activation during mechanotransduction.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elbediwy
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hannah Vanyai
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - David Frith
- Mass Spectrometry Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Mass Spectrometry Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Barry J Thompson
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
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24
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Zhang Q, Han X, Chen J, Xie X, Xu J, Zhao Y, Shen J, Hu L, Xu P, Song H, Zhang L, Zhao B, Wang YJ, Xia Z. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) mediate cell density-dependent proinflammatory responses. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:18071-18085. [PMID: 30315101 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A proper inflammatory response is critical to the restoration of tissue homeostasis after injury or infection, but how such a response is modulated by the physical properties of the cellular and tissue microenvironments is not fully understood. Here, using H358, HeLa, and HEK293T cells, we report that cell density can modulate inflammatory responses through the Hippo signaling pathway. We found that NF-κΒ activation through the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is not affected by cell density. However, we also noted that specific NF-κΒ target genes, such as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), are induced much less at low cell densities than at high cell densities. Mechanistically, we observed that the transcriptional coactivators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are localized to the nucleus, bind to TEA domain transcription factors (TEADs), recruit histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) to the promoter region of COX-2, and repress its transcription at low cell density and that high cell density abrogates this YAP/TAZ-mediated transcriptional repression. Of note, IL-1β stimulation promoted cell migration and invasion mainly through COX-2 induction, but YAP inhibited this induction and thus cell migration and invasion. These results suggest that YAP/TAZ-TEAD interactions can repress COX-2 transcription and thereby mediate cell density-dependent modulation of proinflammatory responses. Our findings highlight that the cellular microenvironment significantly influences inflammatory responses via the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China,; Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan, China,; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and
| | - Xu Han
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan, China
| | - Xiaomei Xie
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China,; Youth League Committee of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018 Zhejiang, China, and
| | - Jiafeng Xu
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu, China
| | - Pinglong Xu
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai Song
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China
| | - Long Zhang
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and
| | - Zongping Xia
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China,; Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan, China,.
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25
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Zhou TY, Zhou YL, Qian MJ, Fang YZ, Ye S, Xin WX, Yang XC, Wu HH. Interleukin-6 induced by YAP in hepatocellular carcinoma cells recruits tumor-associated macrophages. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 138:89-95. [PMID: 30340922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has been regarded as the most prominent component in tumor microenvironment. The correlation between TAM density and poor prognosis in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients suggests a supportive role for TAMs in tumor progression. Here we employed a co-culture system to interrogate the molecular link between Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) and TAMs chemotaxis in HCC cells. We found that YAP activation was critical for the recruitment of TAMs towards HCC cells. Furthermore, cytokine array and quantitative RT-PCR analyses showed that IL-6 secreted by YAP-activated HCC cells might induce the TAMs recruitment. Interrupting YAP function by statins, the inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase, could robustly suppress the chemotaxis of TAMs. Together with our findings that the expression levels ofIL-6inhumanHCC tumors were highly correlated with the prognosis of HCC patients, the current study highlight the possibility of improving HCC treatment by targeting YAP-IL-6 mediated TAMs recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Zhou
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu-Lu Zhou
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mei-Jia Qian
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi-Zheng Fang
- Hangzhou No. 14 Middle School, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Song Ye
- Clinical of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Xin
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Hong-Hai Wu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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26
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Li SA, Zou TN, Li S. Role of TEAD4in colorectal cancer cell proliferation and analysis of its mechanism. PRECISION RADIATION ONCOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pro6.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Yunnan Tumor Hospital; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University; Kunming Yunnan China
| | - Yunjiao Zhang
- Kunming Medical University Haiyuan College; Kunming Yunnan China
| | - Shu-an Li
- Department of Gastroenterology; Institute of Gastroenterology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University; Kunming Yunnan China
| | - Tian-ning Zou
- Yunnan Tumor Hospital; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University; Kunming Yunnan China
| | - Siyuan Li
- HongyunHonghe (Group) Co., Ltd.; Kunming Yunnan China
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27
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Fadul J, Rosenblatt J. The forces and fates of extruding cells. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 54:66-71. [PMID: 29727745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell extrusion drives most epithelial cell death while maintaining a functional epithelial barrier. To extrude, a cell produces a lipid signal that triggers the neighboring cells to reorganize actin and myosin basally to squeeze the extruding cell out apically from the barrier. More studies continue to reveal other signals and mechanisms controlling apical extrusion. New developmental studies are uncovering mechanisms controlling basal extrusion, or ingression, which occurs when apical extrusion is defective or during de-differentiation in development. Here, we review recent advances in epithelial extrusion, focusing particularly on forces exerted upon extruding cells and their various later fates ranging from cell death, normal development, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Fadul
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jody Rosenblatt
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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28
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Xue Y, Mars WM, Bowen W, Singhi AD, Stoops J, Michalopoulos GK. Hepatitis C Virus Mimics Effects of Glypican-3 on CD81 and Promotes Development of Hepatocellular Carcinomas via Activation of Hippo Pathway in Hepatocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1469-1477. [PMID: 29577937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glypican (GPC)-3 is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). GPC3 binds to CD81. Forced expression of CD81 in a GPC3-expressing HCC cell line caused activation of Hippo, a decrease in ezrin phosphorylation, and a decrease in yes-associated protein (YAP). CD81 is also associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry into hepatocytes. Activation of CD81 by agonistic antibody causes activation of tyrosine-protein kinase SYK (SYK) and phosphorylation of ezrin, a regulator of the Hippo pathway. In cultures of normal hepatocytes, CD81 agonistic antibody led to enhanced phosphorylation of ezrin and an increase in nuclear YAP. HCV E2 protein mimicked GPC3 and led to enhanced Hippo activity and decreased YAP in cultured normal human hepatocytes. HCC tissue microarray revealed a lack of expression of CD81 in most HCCs, rendering them insusceptible to HCV infection. Activation of CD81 by agonistic antibody suppressed the Hippo pathway and increased nuclear YAP. HCV mimicked GPC3, causing Hippo activation and a decrease in YAP. HCV is thus likely to enhance hepatic neoplasia by acting as a promoter of growth of early CD81-negative neoplastic hepatocytes, which are resistant to HCV infection, and thus have a proliferative advantage to clonally expand as they participate in compensatory regeneration for the required maintenance of 100% of liver weight (hepatostat).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Xue
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wendy M Mars
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William Bowen
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Stoops
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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29
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Gokey JJ, Sridharan A, Xu Y, Green J, Carraro G, Stripp BR, Perl AKT, Whitsett JA. Active epithelial Hippo signaling in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98738. [PMID: 29563341 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippo/YAP signaling plays pleiotropic roles in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation during organogenesis and tissue repair. Herein we demonstrate increased YAP activity in respiratory epithelial cells in lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a common, lethal form of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Immunofluorescence staining in IPF epithelial cells demonstrated increased nuclear YAP and loss of MST1/2. Bioinformatic analyses of epithelial cell RNA profiles predicted increased activity of YAP and increased canonical mTOR/PI3K/AKT signaling in IPF. Phospho-S6 (p-S6) and p-PTEN were increased in IPF epithelial cells, consistent with activation of mTOR signaling. Expression of YAP (S127A), a constitutively active form of YAP, in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3s) increased p-S6 and p-PI3K, cell proliferation and migration, processes that were inhibited by the YAP-TEAD inhibitor verteporfin. Activation of p-S6 was required for enhancing and stabilizing YAP, and the p-S6 inhibitor temsirolimus blocked nuclear YAP localization and suppressed expression of YAP target genes CTGF, AXL, and AJUBA (JUB). YAP and mTOR/p-S6 signaling pathways interact to induce cell proliferation and migration, and inhibit epithelial cell differentiation that may contribute to the pathogenesis of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Gokey
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
| | | | - Yan Xu
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jenna Green
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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30
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Holden JK, Cunningham CN. Targeting the Hippo Pathway and Cancer through the TEAD Family of Transcription Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10030081. [PMID: 29558384 PMCID: PMC5876656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a critical transcriptional signaling pathway that regulates cell growth, proliferation and organ development. The transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) protein family consists of four paralogous transcription factors that function to modulate gene expression in response to the Hippo signaling pathway. Transcriptional activation of these proteins occurs upon binding to the co-activator YAP/TAZ whose entry into the nucleus is regulated by Lats1/2 kinase. In recent years, it has become apparent that the dysregulation and/or overexpression of Hippo pathway effectors is implicated in a wide range of cancers, including prostate, gastric and liver cancer. A large body of work has been dedicated to understanding the therapeutic potential of modulating the phosphorylation and localization of YAP/TAZ. However, YAP/TAZ are considered to be natively unfolded and may be intractable as drug targets. Therefore, TEAD proteins present themselves as an excellent therapeutic target for intervention of the Hippo pathway. This review summarizes the functional role of TEAD proteins in cancer and assesses the therapeutic potential of antagonizing TEAD function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey K Holden
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Christian N Cunningham
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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31
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Goto H, Nishio M, To Y, Oishi T, Miyachi Y, Maehama T, Nishina H, Akiyama H, Mak TW, Makii Y, Saito T, Yasoda A, Tsumaki N, Suzuki A. Loss of Mob1a/b in mice results in chondrodysplasia due to YAP1/TAZ-TEAD-dependent repression of SOX9. Development 2018; 145:dev.159244. [PMID: 29511023 DOI: 10.1242/dev.159244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hippo signaling is modulated in response to cell density, external mechanical forces, and rigidity of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The Mps one binder kinase activator (MOB) adaptor proteins are core components of Hippo signaling and influence Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), which are potent transcriptional regulators. YAP1/TAZ are key contributors to cartilage and bone development but the molecular mechanisms by which the Hippo pathway controls chondrogenesis are largely unknown. Cartilage is rich in ECM and also subject to strong external forces - two upstream factors regulating Hippo signaling. Chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification are tightly controlled by growth factors, morphogens, hormones, and transcriptional factors that engage in crosstalk with Hippo-YAP1/TAZ signaling. Here, we generated tamoxifen-inducible, chondrocyte-specific Mob1a/b-deficient mice and show that hyperactivation of endogenous YAP1/TAZ impairs chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation/maturation, leading to chondrodysplasia. These defects were linked to suppression of SOX9, a master regulator of chondrogenesis, the expression of which is mediated by TEAD transcription factors. Our data indicate that a MOB1-dependent YAP1/TAZ-TEAD complex functions as a transcriptional repressor of SOX9 and thereby negatively regulates chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Goto
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Miki Nishio
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoko To
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oishi
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yosuke Miyachi
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Maehama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishina
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Tak Wah Mak
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Yuma Makii
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yasoda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tsumaki
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan .,Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
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Tang C, Takahashi-Kanemitsu A, Kikuchi I, Ben C, Hatakeyama M. Transcriptional Co-activator Functions of YAP and TAZ Are Inversely Regulated by Tyrosine Phosphorylation Status of Parafibromin. iScience 2018; 1:1-15. [PMID: 30227954 PMCID: PMC6135933 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
YAP and TAZ, the Hippo signal-regulated transcriptional co-activators, play crucial roles in morphogenesis and organogenesis. Here we report that the YAP/TAZ activities are stimulated upon complex formation with Parafibromin, which undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by kinases such as PTK6 and phosphatases such as SHP2, respectively. Furthermore, TAZ and the Wnt effector β-catenin interact cooperatively with tyrosine-dephosphorylated Parafibromin, which synergistically stimulates the co-activator functions of TAZ and β-catenin. On the other hand, YAP is selectively activated through binding with tyrosine-phosphorylated Parafibromin, which does not interact with β-catenin and thus cannot co-activate YAP and β-catenin. These findings indicate that Parafibromin inversely regulates the activities of YAP and TAZ depending on its tyrosine phosphorylation status. They also suggest that YAP and TAZ exert their redundant and non-redundant biological actions through mutually exclusive interaction with Parafibromin, which is regulated by a balance of kinase and phosphatase activities toward Parafibromin. YAP and TAZ co-activators bind to the nuclear tyrosine phosphoprotein Parafibromin TAZ is functionally activated through binding with dephosphorylated Parafibromin YAP activity is stimulated upon binding with tyrosine-phosphorylated Parafibromin Dephosphorylated Parafibromin co-stimulates TAZ and β-catenin via complex formation
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - Ippei Kikuchi
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Chi Ben
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Xu M, Xiao J, Chen M, Yuan L, Li J, Shen H, Yao S. miR‑149‑5p promotes chemotherapeutic resistance in ovarian cancer via the inactivation of the Hippo signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:815-827. [PMID: 29393390 PMCID: PMC5807033 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic resistance remains a critical clinical issue is responsible for treatment failure in patients with ovarian cancer. Evidence of the involvement of miRNAs in chemoresistance in ovarian cancer has been recently emerging. However, the underlying molecular links between chemoresistance and miRNAs remain largely unknown. In this study, we report that miR-149-5p expression is markedly elevated in chemoresistant ovarian cancer tissues compared with the chemosensitive ovarian cancer tissues. Furthermore, the silencing of miR-149-5p enhanced the chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, the upregulation of miR-149-5p aggravated chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells. Our results further revealed that miR-149-5p directly targeted the core kinase components of the Hippo signaling pathway, STE20-like kinase (MST)1 and protein salvador homolog 1 (SAV1), resulting in the inactivation of TEA domain (TEAD) transcription. On the whole, our findings reveal a novel mechanism of of action miR-149-5p in inducing chemotherapeutic resistance in ovarian cancer, indicating that miR-149-5p may serve as a chemotherapeutic response indicator and a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Linjing Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Jundong Li
- Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
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Gao ZQ, Wang JF, Chen DH, Ma XS, Yang W, Zhe T, Dang XW. Long non-coding RNA GAS5 antagonizes the chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells through down-regulation of miR-181c-5p. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:809-817. [PMID: 29112934 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the core mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) in the regulation of multidrug resistance of pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS mRNA levels of GAS5, miR-181c-5p and Hippo pathway related genes were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Protein levels of MDR-1, MST1, YAP and TAZ were measured by western blot. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. The combination between GAS5 and miR-181c-5p was confirmed by RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. We also established pancreatic cancer-bearing mice model and analyzed tumor volumes. RESULTS Our data showed GAS5 expression was significantly down-regulated, miR-181c-5p expression was significantly up-regulated in pancreatic cancer cells. Besides, Overexpresson of GAS5 obviously inhibited cell viability, while GAS5 knockdown showed the opposite outcome. Additionally, we also found that GAS5 negatively regulated miR-181c-5p, and miR-181c-5p dramatically promoted pancreatic cancer cell chemoresistance through inactivating the Hippo signaling. GAS5 regulated chemoresistance and Hippo pathway of pancreatic cancer cells via miR-181c-5p/Hippo. Finally, we confirmed that overexpression of GAS5 inhibited tumor growth in pancreatic cancer-bearing mice model. CONCLUSION GAS5 regualtes Hippo signaling pathway via miR-181c-5p to antagonize the development of multidrug resistance in pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Jun-Feng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - De-Hua Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xue-Song Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wu Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tang Zhe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Dang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Elosegui-Artola A, Andreu I, Beedle AE, Lezamiz A, Uroz M, Kosmalska AJ, Oria R, Kechagia JZ, Rico-Lastres P, Le Roux AL, Shanahan CM, Trepat X, Navajas D, Garcia-Manyes S, Roca-Cusachs P. Force Triggers YAP Nuclear Entry by Regulating Transport across Nuclear Pores. Cell 2017; 171:1397-1410.e14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abe M, Yoshida T, Akiba J, Ikezono Y, Wada F, Masuda A, Sakaue T, Tanaka T, Iwamoto H, Nakamura T, Sata M, Koga H, Yoshimura A, Torimura T. STAT3 deficiency prevents hepatocarcinogenesis and promotes biliary proliferation in thioacetamide-induced liver injury. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:6833-6844. [PMID: 29085226 PMCID: PMC5645616 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i37.6833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the role of STAT3 in hepatocarcinogenesis and biliary ductular proliferation following chronic liver injury.
METHODS We investigated thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury, compensatory hepatocyte proliferation, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in hepatic STAT3-deficient mice. In addition, we evaluated TAA-induced biliary ductular proliferation and analyzed the activation of sex determining region Y-box9 (SOX9) and Yes-associated protein (YAP), which regulate the transdifferentiation of hepatocytes to cholangiocytes.
RESULTS Both compensatory hepatocyte proliferation and HCC formation were significantly decreased in hepatic STAT3-deficient mice as compared with control mice. STAT3 deficiency resulted in augmentation of hepatic necrosis and fibrosis. On the other hand, biliary ductular proliferation increased in hepatic STAT3-deficient livers as compared with control livers. SOX9 and YAP were upregulated in hepatic STAT3-deficient hepatocytes.
CONCLUSION STAT3 may regulate hepatocyte proliferation as well as transdifferentiation into cholangiocytes and serve as a therapeutic target for HCC inhibition and biliary regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiko Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Kurume Clinical Pharmacology Clinic, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Jun Akiba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yu Ikezono
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Wada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Atsutaka Masuda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takahiko Sakaue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hideki Iwamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Toru Nakamura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Michio Sata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hironori Koga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takuji Torimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
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YAP determines the cell fate of injured mouse hepatocytes in vivo. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16017. [PMID: 28681838 PMCID: PMC5504293 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of senescent, transformed or damaged cells can impair tissue function or lead to tumorigenesis; therefore, organisms have evolved quality control mechanisms to eliminate them. Here, we show that YAP activation induced by inactivation of the Hippo pathway specifically in damaged hepatocytes promotes their selective elimination by using in vivo mosaic analysis in mouse liver. These damaged hepatocytes migrate into the hepatic sinusoids, undergo apoptosis and are engulfed by Kupffer cells. In contrast, YAP activation in undamaged hepatocytes leads to proliferation. Cellular stresses such as ethanol that damage both liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes switch cell fate from proliferation to migration/apoptosis in the presence of activated YAP. This involves the activation of CDC42 and Rac that regulate cell migration. Thus, we suggest that YAP acts as a stress sensor that induces elimination of injured cells to maintain tissue and organ homeostasis. Senescent and injured cells affect tissue functions and can drive tumorigenesis. Thus, efficient elimination of these cells is pivotal for tissue integrity. Here Miyamura et al. show that YAP acts as a cellular stress sensor and promotes the elimination of damaged cells to maintain tissue homeostasis.
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Tumor cell-derived lactate induces TAZ-dependent upregulation of PD-L1 through GPR81 in human lung cancer cells. Oncogene 2017; 36:5829-5839. [PMID: 28604752 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The clinical success of immunotherapy that inhibits the negative immune regulatory pathway programmed cell death protein 1/PD-1 ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) has initiated a new era in the treatment of metastatic cancer. PD-L1 expression is upregulated in many solid tumors including lung cancer and functions predominantly in lactate-enriched tumor microenvironments. Here, we provided evidence for PD-L1 induction in response to lactate stimulation in lung cancer cells. Lactate-induced PD-L1 induction was mediated by its receptor GPR81. The silencing of GPR81 signaling in lung cancer cells resulted in a decrease in PD-L1 protein levels and functional inactivation of PD-L1 promoter activity. In addition, GPR81-mediated upregulation of PD-L1 in glucose-stimulated lung cancer cells that recapitulates the enhanced glycolysis in vivo was dependent on lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). We also demonstrated that activation of GPR81 decreases intracellular cAMP levels and inhibits protein kinase A (PKA) activity, leading to activation of the transcriptional coactivator TAZ. Interaction of TAZ with the transcription factor TEAD was essential for TAZ activation of PD-L1 and induction of its expression. Furthermore, we found that lactate-induced activation of PD-L1 in tumor cells led to reduced production of interferon-γ and induction of apoptosis of cocultured Jurkat T-cell leukemia cells. Our findings reveal an unexpected role of lactate in contributing to tumor cell protection from cytotoxic T-cell targeting and establishes a direct connection between tumor cell metabolic reprograming and tumor evasion from the immune response.
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Herum KM, Lunde IG, McCulloch AD, Christensen G. The Soft- and Hard-Heartedness of Cardiac Fibroblasts: Mechanotransduction Signaling Pathways in Fibrosis of the Heart. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6050053. [PMID: 28534817 PMCID: PMC5447944 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6050053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), remains an unresolved problem in most forms of heart disease. In order to be successful in preventing, attenuating or reversing cardiac fibrosis, it is essential to understand the processes leading to ECM production and accumulation. Cardiac fibroblasts are the main producers of cardiac ECM, and harbor great phenotypic plasticity. They are activated by the disease-associated changes in mechanical properties of the heart, including stretch and increased tissue stiffness. Despite much remaining unknown, an interesting body of evidence exists on how mechanical forces are translated into transcriptional responses important for determination of fibroblast phenotype and production of ECM constituents. Such mechanotransduction can occur at multiple cellular locations including the plasma membrane, cytoskeleton and nucleus. Moreover, the ECM functions as a reservoir of pro-fibrotic signaling molecules that can be released upon mechanical stress. We here review the current status of knowledge of mechanotransduction signaling pathways in cardiac fibroblasts that culminate in pro-fibrotic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Herum
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
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Seo WI, Park S, Gwak J, Ju BG, Chung JI, Kang PM, Oh S. Wnt signaling promotes androgen-independent prostate cancer cell proliferation through up-regulation of the hippo pathway effector YAP. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:1034-1039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is anti-tumorigenic in liver cancer cells via inhibiting YAP through AMOT. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44940. [PMID: 28322318 PMCID: PMC5359578 DOI: 10.1038/srep44940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TPA stimulates carcinogenesis in various types of cancers. However, we found that TPA inhibits transformative phenotypes in liver cancer cells via the translocation of YAP from the nucleus, where it functions as a transcriptional co-factor, to the cytoplasm. Such effects led to a separation of YAP from its dependent transcription factors. The inhibitory effects of TPA on YAP were AMOT dependent. Without AMOT, TPA was unable to alter YAP activity. Importantly, the depletion of YAP and AMOT blocked the TPA-reduced transformative phenotypes. In sum, TPA has been established as an anti-tumorigenic drug in liver cancer cells via YAP and AMOT.
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Human Papillomavirus 16 E6 Upregulates APOBEC3B via the TEAD Transcription Factor. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02413-16. [PMID: 28077648 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02413-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytidine deaminase APOBEC3B (A3B) underlies the genetic heterogeneity of several human cancers, including cervical cancer, which is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. We previously identified a region within the A3B promoter that is activated by the viral protein HPV16 E6 in human keratinocytes. Here, we discovered three sites recognized by the TEAD family of transcription factors within this region of the A3B promoter. Reporter assays in HEK293 cells showed that exogenously expressed TEAD4 induced A3B promoter activation through binding to these sites. Normal immortalized human keratinocytes expressing E6 (NIKS-E6) displayed increased levels of TEAD1/4 protein compared to parental NIKS. A series of E6 mutants revealed that E6-mediated degradation of p53 was important for increasing TEAD4 levels. Knockdown of TEADs in NIKS-E6 significantly reduced A3B mRNA levels, whereas ectopic expression of TEAD4 in NIKS increased A3B mRNA levels. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated increased levels of TEAD4 binding to the A3B promoter in NIKS-E6 compared to NIKS. Collectively, these results indicate that E6 induces upregulation of A3B through increased levels of TEADs, highlighting the importance of the TEAD-A3B axis in carcinogenesis.IMPORTANCE The expression of APOBEC3B (A3B), a cellular DNA cytidine deaminase, is upregulated in various human cancers and leaves characteristic, signature mutations in cancer genomes, suggesting that it plays a prominent role in carcinogenesis. Viral oncoproteins encoded by human papillomavirus (HPV) and polyomavirus have been reported to induce A3B expression, implying the involvement of A3B upregulation in virus-associated carcinogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms causing A3B upregulation remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that exogenous expression of the cellular transcription factor TEAD activates the A3B promoter. Further, the HPV oncoprotein E6 increases the levels of endogenous TEAD1/4 protein, thereby leading to A3B upregulation. Since increased levels of TEAD4 are frequently observed in many cancers, an understanding of the direct link between TEAD and A3B upregulation is of broad oncological interest.
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Mindos T, Dun XP, North K, Doddrell RDS, Schulz A, Edwards P, Russell J, Gray B, Roberts SL, Shivane A, Mortimer G, Pirie M, Zhang N, Pan D, Morrison H, Parkinson DB. Merlin controls the repair capacity of Schwann cells after injury by regulating Hippo/YAP activity. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:495-510. [PMID: 28137778 PMCID: PMC5294779 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201606052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of Schwann cells in the PNS underlies functional repair after injury. In this study, Mindos et al. show a new function for the tumor suppressor Merlin and Hippo/YAP signaling in the generation of repair-competent Schwann cells after injury. Loss of the Merlin tumor suppressor and activation of the Hippo signaling pathway play major roles in the control of cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. We have identified completely novel roles for Merlin and the Hippo pathway effector Yes-associated protein (YAP) in the control of Schwann cell (SC) plasticity and peripheral nerve repair after injury. Injury to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) causes a dramatic shift in SC molecular phenotype and the generation of repair-competent SCs, which direct functional repair. We find that loss of Merlin in these cells causes a catastrophic failure of axonal regeneration and remyelination in the PNS. This effect is mediated by activation of YAP expression in Merlin-null SCs, and loss of YAP restores axonal regrowth and functional repair. This work identifies new mechanisms that control the regenerative potential of SCs and gives new insight into understanding the correct control of functional nerve repair in the PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mindos
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth PL6 8BU, England, UK
| | - Xin-Peng Dun
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth PL6 8BU, England, UK
| | - Katherine North
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth PL6 8BU, England, UK.,University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, England, UK
| | - Robin D S Doddrell
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth PL6 8BU, England, UK
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute Jena, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Philip Edwards
- Department of Cellular and Anatomical Pathology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth PL6 8DH, England, UK
| | - James Russell
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth PL6 8BU, England, UK
| | - Bethany Gray
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth PL6 8BU, England, UK.,University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, England, UK
| | - Sheridan L Roberts
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth PL6 8BU, England, UK
| | - Aditya Shivane
- Department of Cellular and Anatomical Pathology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth PL6 8DH, England, UK
| | - Georgina Mortimer
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth PL6 8BU, England, UK
| | - Melissa Pirie
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth PL6 8BU, England, UK
| | - Nailing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Duojia Pan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Helen Morrison
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute Jena, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - David B Parkinson
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth PL6 8BU, England, UK
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de Conti A, Tryndyak V, Doerge DR, Beland FA, Pogribny IP. Irreversible down-regulation of miR-375 in the livers of Fischer 344 rats after chronic furan exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 98:2-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Akladios B, Mendoza-Reinoso V, Samuel MS, Hardeman EC, Khosrotehrani K, Key B, Beverdam A. Epidermal YAP2-5SA-ΔC Drives β-Catenin Activation to Promote Keratinocyte Proliferation in Mouse Skin In Vivo. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:716-726. [PMID: 27816394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis is a highly regenerative tissue. YAP is a pivotal regulator of stem/progenitor cells in tissue regeneration, including in the epidermis. The molecular mechanisms downstream of YAP that activate epidermal cell proliferation remain largely unknown. We found that YAP and β-catenin co-localize in the nuclei of keratinocytes in the regenerating epidermis in vivo and in proliferating HaCaT keratinocytes in vitro. Inactivation of YAP in HaCaT keratinocytes resulted in reduced activated β-catenin and reduced keratinocyte numbers in vitro. In addition, we found that in the hyperplastic epidermis of YAP2-5SA-ΔC mice, the mutant YAP2-5SA-ΔC protein was predominantly localized in the keratinocyte nuclei and caused increased expression of activated nuclear β-catenin. Accordingly, β-catenin transcriptional activity was elevated in the skin of live YAP2-5SA-ΔC/TOPFLASH mice. Lastly, loss of β-catenin in basal keratinocytes of YAP2-5SA-ΔC/K14-creERT/CtnnB1-/- mice resulted in reduced proliferation of basal keratinocytes and a striking rescue of the hyperplastic abnormalities. Taken together, our work shows that YAP2-5SA-ΔC drives β-catenin activity to promote basal keratinocyte proliferation in the mouse skin in vivo. Our data shine new light on the etiology of regenerative dermatological disorders and other human diseases that display increased YAP and β-catenin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem Akladios
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Michael S Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Edna C Hardeman
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research and the Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brian Key
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Annemiek Beverdam
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia; The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Chen M, Wang M, Xu S, Guo X, Jiang J. Upregulation of miR-181c contributes to chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer by inactivating the Hippo signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44466-79. [PMID: 26561204 PMCID: PMC4792569 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating tissue homeostasis, organ size, tumorigenesis and cancer chemoresistance when deregulated. Physiologically, the Hippo core kinase cassette that consists of mamma-lian STE20-like protein kinase 1/2 (MST1/2), and large tumour suppressor 1/2 (LATS1/2), together with the adaptor proteins Salvador homologue 1 (SAV1) and MOB kinase activator 1 (MOB1), tightly restricts the activities of homologous oncoproteins Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) to low levels. However, how the Hippo kinase cassette core components are simultaneously inhibited, to exhibit constitutively inactivated Hippo signaling and activated YAP/TAZ in cancer remains puzzling. Herein, we reported that miR-181c directly repressed MST1, LATS2, MOB1 and SAV1 expression in human pancreatic cancer cells. Overexpression of miR-181c induced hyperactivation of the YAP/TAZ and enhanced expression of the Hippo signaling downstream genes CTGF, BIRC5 and BLC2L1, leading to pancreatic cancer cell survival and chemoresistance in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, high miR-181c levels were significantly correlated with Hippo signaling inactivation in pancreatic cancer samples, and predicted a poor patient overall survival. These findings provide a novel mechanism for Hippo signaling inactivation in cancer, indicating not only a potentially pivotal role for miR-181c in the progression of pancreatic cancer, but also may represent a new therapeutic target and prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyuan Chen
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Simiao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xingjun Guo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
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Muehlich S, Rehm M, Ebenau A, Goppelt-Struebe M. Synergistic induction of CTGF by cytochalasin D and TGFβ-1 in primary human renal epithelial cells: Role of transcriptional regulators MKL1, YAP/TAZ and Smad2/3. Cell Signal 2016; 29:31-40. [PMID: 27721022 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Changes in cell morphology that involve alterations of the actin cytoskeleton are a hallmark of diseased renal tubular epithelial cells. While the impact of actin remodeling on gene expression has been analyzed in many model systems based on cell lines, this study investigated human primary tubular epithelial cells isolated from healthy parts of tumor nephrectomies. Latrunculin B (LatB) and cytochalasin D (CytoD) were used to modulate G-actin levels in a receptor-independent manner. Both compounds (at 0.5μM) profoundly altered F-actin structures in a Rho kinase-dependent manner, but only CytoD strongly induced the pro-fibrotic factor CTGF (connective tissue growth factor). CTGF induction was dependent on YAP as shown by transient downregulation experiments. However, CytoD did not alter the nuclear localization of either YAP or TAZ, whereas LatB reduced nuclear levels particularly of TAZ. CytoD modified MKL1, a coactivator of serum response factor (SRF) regulating CTGF induction, and promoted its nuclear localization. TGFβ-1 is one of the major factors involved in tubulointerstitial disease and an inducer of CTGF. Preincubation with CytoD but not LatB synergistically enhanced the TGFβ-1-stimulated synthesis of CTGF, both in cells cultured on plastic dishes as well as in polarized epithelial cells. CytoD had no direct effect on the phosphorylation of Smad2/3, but facilitated their phosphorylation and thus activation by TGFβ-1. Our present findings provide evidence that morphological alterations have a strong impact on cellular signaling of one of the major pro-fibrotic factors, TGFβ-1. However, our data also indicate that changes in cell morphology per se cannot predict those interactions which are critically dependent on molecular fine tuning of actin reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Muehlich
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Goethestrasse 33, D-80336 München, Germany
| | - Margot Rehm
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestrasse 8, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Astrid Ebenau
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestrasse 8, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Margarete Goppelt-Struebe
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestrasse 8, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Abylkassov R, Xie Y. Role of Yes-associated protein in cancer: An update. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2277-2282. [PMID: 27698789 PMCID: PMC5038596 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is an oncoprotein located in the cytoplasm in an inactive form, and when activated, it translocates to the nucleus and activates the transcription of genes responsible for cell division and apoptosis. YAP is one of the downstream regulatory proteins in the Hippo signaling pathway, which is important in cell proliferation and regeneration. Due to its great importance, YAP is regulated very strictly by different regulatory systems. The present review will focus on the canonical pathways of YAP, and will provide details on the most recent findings regarding its regulation and role in tumorigenesis, specifically in prostate tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Abylkassov
- Department of Biology, Nazarbayev University School of Science and Technology, Astana 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Yingqiu Xie
- Department of Biology, Nazarbayev University School of Science and Technology, Astana 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Chiba T, Ishihara E, Miyamura N, Narumi R, Kajita M, Fujita Y, Suzuki A, Ogawa Y, Nishina H. MDCK cells expressing constitutively active Yes-associated protein (YAP) undergo apical extrusion depending on neighboring cell status. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28383. [PMID: 27324860 PMCID: PMC4914932 DOI: 10.1038/srep28383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell competition is a cell-cell interaction by which a cell compares its fitness to that of neighboring cells. The cell with the relatively lower fitness level is the "loser" and actively eliminated, while the cell with the relatively higher fitness level is the "winner" and survives. Recent studies have shown that cells with high Yes-associated protein (YAP) activity win cell competitions but the mechanism is unknown. Here, we report the unexpected finding that cells overexpressing constitutively active YAP undergo apical extrusion and are losers, rather than winners, in competitions with normal mammalian epithelial cells. Inhibitors of metabolism-related proteins such as phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), or p70S6 kinase (p70S6K) suppressed this apical extrusion, as did knockdown of vimentin or filamin in neighboring cells. Interestingly, YAP-overexpressing cells switched from losers to winners when co-cultured with cells expressing K-Ras (G12V) or v-Src. Thus, the role of YAP in deciding cell competitions depends on metabolic factors and the status of neighboring cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Chiba
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erika Ishihara
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Miyamura
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rika Narumi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mihoko Kajita
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishina
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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A novel role for microRNA-129-5p in inhibiting ovarian cancer cell proliferation and survival via direct suppression of transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8676-86. [PMID: 25895125 PMCID: PMC4496175 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional co-activator Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are key oncogenes in mammalian cells. Activities of YAP and TAZ are largely restricted by the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway through phosphorylation-ubiquitination mechanisms. The involvement of microRNA in cancer progression has recently been reported, though whether they have a role in activating YAP and TAZ in human cancer cells remains unclear. Here, we report a microRNA, miR-129-5p, directly represses YAP and TAZ expression, leading to the inactivation of TEA domain (TEAD) transcription, and the downregulation of Hippo downstream genes, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and Cyclin A. Furthermore, we reveal miR-129-5p inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation, survival and tumorigenicity, and that downregulation of miR-129-5p in ovarian cancer cells highly correlates with malignant progression and poor survival. Hence, we demonstrate a novel mechanism for YAP and TAZ activation in cancers, indicating not only a potentially pivotal role for miR-129-5p in the progression of ovarian cancer, but also offering new therapeutic strategies to circumvent the disease.
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