1
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Wei X, Sun K, Li S, Lin C, Wei Z. PSME3 induces radioresistance and enhances aerobic glycolysis in cervical cancer by regulating PARP1. Tissue Cell 2023; 83:102151. [PMID: 37467687 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) ranks the fourth in gynecologic cancers. The incidence and mortality of CC has been decreased due to the cancer screening and early treatments in recent years, but the prognosis of CC patients at advanced stage is still sorrowful. Whether PSME3 exerted a role in the radioresistance of CC cells remains to be investigated. In this study, the expression of PSME3 in mRNA and protein levels was measured by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, and increased expression of PSME3 in CC tissues and cells was observed. CCK-8 and colony formation assay revealed that the cell viability and proliferation of Hela and CaSki cells treated with different doses of X-ray was reduced due to the depletion of PSME3, indicating that silencing of PSME3 enhanced the radiosensitivity of CC cells. In addition, repair on DNA damage in CC cells was enhanced by PSME3 and the damage was attenuated by PSME3. Besides, the expression of glycolysis-related proteins (GLUT1, PGC-1α, LDHA and HK2) were enhanced by PSME3 but reduced by silencing PSME3 in CC cells. PSME3 restraint attenuated the levels of glucose consumption and lactate production, suggesting PSME3 depletion suppressed abnormal glycolysis of CC cells. Mechanically, PSME3 increased the PARP1 expression via elevating c-myc. Finally, we observed PSME3 attenuation inhibited CC growth in vivo. In conclusion, PSME3 enhanced radioresistance and aerobic glycolysis in CC by regulating PARP1, which might shed a light into the function of PSME3 in CC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, YouJiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, China.
| | - Ke Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, YouJiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, China
| | - Shubo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, YouJiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, China
| | - Cheng Lin
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of YouJiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, China
| | - Zhongheng Wei
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of YouJiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 533000, China
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2
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Zhang Z, Zhang HJ. Glycometabolic rearrangements-aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC): roles, regulatory networks, and therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:1077-1093. [PMID: 34874212 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.2015321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycometabolic rearrangements (aerobic glycolysis) is a hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and contributes to tumorigenesis and progression through numerous mechanisms. The targeting of aerobic glycolysis is recognized as a potential therapeutic strategy which offers the possibility of improving treatment outcomes for PDAC patients. AREAS COVERED In this review, the role of aerobic glycolysis and its regulatory networks in PDAC are discussed. The targeting of aerobic glycolysis in PDAC is examined, and its therapeutic potential is evaluated. The relevant literature published from 2001 to 2021 was searched in databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. EXPERT OPINION Regulatory networks of aerobic glycolysis in PDAC are based on key factors such as c-Myc, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, and non-coding RNAs. Experimental evidence suggests that modulators or inhibitors of aerobic glycolysis promote therapeutic effects in preclinical tumor models. Nevertheless, successful clinical translation of drugs that target aerobic glycolysis in PDAC is an obstacle. Moreover, it is necessary to identify the potential targets for future interventions from regulatory networks to design efficacious and safer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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3
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Guo Y, Dong X, Jin J, He Y. The Expression Patterns and Prognostic Value of the Proteasome Activator Subunit Gene Family in Gastric Cancer Based on Integrated Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:663001. [PMID: 34650966 PMCID: PMC8505534 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.663001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports that proteasome activator subunit (PSME) genes play an indispensable role in multiple tumors. The diverse expression patterns, prognostic value, underlying mechanism, and the role in the immunotherapy of PSME genes in gastric cancer (GC) have yet to be fully elucidated. We systematically demonstrated the functions of these genes in GC using various large databases, unbiased in silico approaches, and experimental validation. We found that the median expression levels of all PSME genes were significantly higher in GC tissues than in normal tissues. Our findings showed that up-regulated PSME1 and PSME2 expression significantly correlated with favorable overall survival, post-progression survival, and first progression survival in GC patients. The expression of PSME1 and PSME2 was positively correlated with the infiltration of most immune cells and the activation of anti-cancer immunity cycle steps. Moreover, GC patients with high PSME1 and PSME2 expression have higher immunophenoscore and tumor mutational burden. In addition, a receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested that PSME3 and PSME4 had high diagnostic performance for distinguishing GC patients from healthy individuals. Moreover, our further analysis indicated that PSME genes exert an essential role in GC, and the present study indicated that PSME1 and PSME2 may be potential prognostic markers for enhancing survival and prognostic accuracy in GC patients and may even act as potential biomarkers for GC patients indicating a response to immunotherapy. PSME3 may serve as an oncogene in tumorigenesis and may be a promising therapeutic target for GC. PSME4 had excellent diagnostic performance and could serve as a good diagnostic indicator for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdong Guo
- Cancer Institute, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- Cancer Institute, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Cancer Institute, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yutong He
- Cancer Institute, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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4
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Bothrops Jararaca Snake Venom Modulates Key Cancer-Related Proteins in Breast Tumor Cell Lines. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080519. [PMID: 34437390 PMCID: PMC8402457 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by the development of abnormal cells that divide in an uncontrolled way and may spread into other tissues where they may infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue. Several previous reports have described biochemical anti-tumorigenic properties of crude snake venom or its components, including their capability of inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell death. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no work describing cancer cell proteomic changes following treatment with snake venoms. In this work we describe the quantitative changes in proteomics of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cell lines following treatment with Bothrops jararaca snake venom, as well as the functional implications of the proteomic changes. Cell lines were treated with sub-toxic doses at either 0.63 μg/mL (low) or 2.5 μg/mL (high) of B. jararaca venom for 24 h, conditions that cause no cell death per se. Proteomics analysis was conducted on a nano-scale liquid chromatography coupled on-line with mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). More than 1000 proteins were identified and evaluated from each cell line treated with either the low or high dose of the snake venom. Protein profiling upon venom treatment showed differential expression of several proteins related to cancer cell metabolism, immune response, and inflammation. Among the identified proteins we highlight histone H3, SNX3, HEL-S-156an, MTCH2, RPS, MCC2, IGF2BP1, and GSTM3. These data suggest that sub-toxic doses of B. jararaca venom have potential to modulate cancer-development related protein targets in cancer cells. This work illustrates a novel biochemical strategy to identify therapeutic targets against cancer cell growth and survival.
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5
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Lei K, Bai H, Sun S, Xin C, Li J, Chen Q. PA28γ, an Accomplice to Malignant Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:584778. [PMID: 33194729 PMCID: PMC7662426 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.584778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PA28γ is a nuclear activator of the 20S proteasome, which is involved in the regulation of several essential cellular processes and angiogenesis. Over the past 20 years, many amino acid sites and motifs have been proven to play important roles in the characteristic functions of PA28γ. The number of binding partners and validated cellular functions of PA28γ have increased, which has facilitated the clarification of its involvement in different biological events. PA28γ is involved in the progression of various diseases, and its aberrant overexpression in cancer is remarkable. Patients with low levels of PA28γ expression have a higher survival rate than those with high levels of PA28γ expression, as has been shown for a wide variety of tumors. The functions of PA28γ in cancer can be divided into five main categories: cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, metastasis and invasion, cell nuclear dynamics that have relevance to angiogenesis, and viral infection. In this review, we focus on the role of PA28γ in cancer, summarizing its aberrant expression, prooncogenic effects and underlying mechanisms in various cancers, and we highlight the possible cancer-related applications of PA28γ, such as its potential use in the diagnosis, targeted treatment and prognostic assessment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hetian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Silu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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6
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Shen M, Wang Q, Xu S, Chen G, Xu H, Li X, Zhao S. Role of oncogenic REGγ in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110614. [PMID: 32935661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a critical global health-care problem with limited therapeutic options. Since cancers are life-threatening illnesses, the identification of a promising oncotarget and its clinical correlates are relevant. Mounting evidence has emerged indicating that REG gamma (REGγ), a member of the 11S proteasome activators, plays a pivotal role in the development of multiple human cancers. However, an elaborate summary on the association between REGγ and cancer is still lacking. In this Review, we discuss how REGγ, through its ATP- and ubiquitin-independent manners, represents a promising cancer biomarker and therapeutic oncotarget for multiple human cancers. Aberrant REGγ expression closely associated with tumorigenesis attributes to its biological functions for controlling and regulating cell cycle, proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of the cancer cells by degrading proteins of cytosol and nucleus in the eukaryotic cells. REGγ serves as a molecular switch to activate multifarious oncogenic signaling pathways, such as MAPK/p38, TGF-β/Smad, and Wnt/β-catenin. The review describes that targeting REGγ may provide new diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolei Shen
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinzhang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical School, Shihezi, China
| | - Shuaijun Xu
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Health Company, 69235, Army of PLA, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shankun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China.
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7
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Kondakova IV, Shashova EE, Sidenko EA, Astakhova TM, Zakharova LA, Sharova NP. Estrogen Receptors and Ubiquitin Proteasome System: Mutual Regulation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040500. [PMID: 32224970 PMCID: PMC7226411 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides information on the structure of estrogen receptors (ERs), their localization and functions in mammalian cells. Additionally, the structure of proteasomes and mechanisms of protein ubiquitination and cleavage are described. According to the modern concept, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is involved in the regulation of the activity of ERs in several ways. First, UPS performs the ubiquitination of ERs with a change in their functional activity. Second, UPS degrades ERs and their transcriptional regulators. Third, UPS affects the expression of ER genes. In addition, the opportunity of the regulation of proteasome functioning by ERs—in particular, the expression of immune proteasomes—is discussed. Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying the regulation of ERs and proteasomes has great prospects for the development of new therapeutic agents that can make a significant contribution to the treatment of diseases associated with the impaired function of these biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Kondakova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Kooperativny Street, 634009 Tomsk, Russia; (I.V.K.); (E.E.S.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Elena E. Shashova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Kooperativny Street, 634009 Tomsk, Russia; (I.V.K.); (E.E.S.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Evgenia A. Sidenko
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Kooperativny Street, 634009 Tomsk, Russia; (I.V.K.); (E.E.S.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Tatiana M. Astakhova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (T.M.A.); (L.A.Z.)
| | - Liudmila A. Zakharova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (T.M.A.); (L.A.Z.)
| | - Natalia P. Sharova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (T.M.A.); (L.A.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-135-7674; Fax: +7-499-135-3322
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8
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Yin F, Wang J, Zhao K, Xin C, Shi Y, Zeng X, Xu H, Li J, Chen Q. The significance of PA28γ and U2AF1 in oral mucosal carcinogenesis. Oral Dis 2019; 26:53-61. [PMID: 31605415 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jiongke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Kui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Chuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yujie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
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9
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Song W, Guo C, Chen J, Duan S, Hu Y, Zou Y, Chi H, Geng J, Zhou J. Silencing PSME3 induces colorectal cancer radiosensitivity by downregulating the expression of cyclin B1 and CKD1. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1409-1418. [PMID: 31630568 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219883408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to radiotherapy remains a severe obstacle in the treatment of high-risk colorectal cancer patients. Recent studies have indicated that proteasome activator complex subunit 3 (PSME3) participates in the development and progression of various human malignancies and is proposed to play a role in tumor radioresistance. However, the impact of PSME3 on radioresistance of colorectal cancer has been largely unknown. In the present study, the enhanced expression of PSME3 was observed in colorectal cancer cells and tissue. Upregulation of PSME3 was significantly implicated in lymph node state, lymphovascular invasion, and Dukes' stage. Furthermore, high PSME3 expression was closely linked to poorer overall and progression-free survival in patients with colorectal cancer. The study further demonstrated that the proliferative, invasive and migratory potential of colorectal cancer cells was effectively inhibited in vitro after silencing PSME3. Our results verified that knockdown of PSME3 probably triggered cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase by downregulation of cyclinB1 and CDK1, thereby enhancing the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells. These data illustrated that PSME3 is a promising biomarker predictive of colorectal cancer prognosis and silencing of PSME3 may provide with a new approach for sensitizing the radiotherapy in colorectal cancer. Impact statement It is reported that colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. At present, the main treatment method of colorectal cancer is surgery, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Among them, radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of locally advanced colorectal cancer, surgery, and chemotherapy. Our study found that down-regulation of PSME3 may enhance the radiosensitivity of CRC cells by triggering cell cycle arrest, which suggests that silence PSME3 may provide a new method for improving the radiosensitivity of CRC. What’more, our research also demonstrated that PSME3 may promote proliferation, invasive and migratory potential of CRC cells, which implies that PSME3 might be a biomarker of CRC for early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Song
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cuiping Guo
- Department of Emergency, Zhumadian Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Jianxiong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shiyu Duan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yukun Hu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Honggang Chi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jian Geng
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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10
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Morozov AV, Karpov VL. Proteasomes and Several Aspects of Their Heterogeneity Relevant to Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:761. [PMID: 31456945 PMCID: PMC6700291 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The life of every organism is dependent on the fine-tuned mechanisms of protein synthesis and breakdown. The degradation of most intracellular proteins is performed by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Proteasomes are central elements of the UPS and represent large multisubunit protein complexes directly responsible for the protein degradation. Accumulating data indicate that there is an intriguing diversity of cellular proteasomes. Different proteasome forms, containing different subunits and attached regulators have been described. In addition, proteasomes specific for a particular tissue were identified. Cancer cells are highly dependent on the proper functioning of the UPS in general, and proteasomes in particular. At the same time, the information regarding the role of different proteasome forms in cancer is limited. This review describes the functional and structural heterogeneity of proteasomes, their association with cancer as well as several established and novel proteasome-directed therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Morozov
- Laboratory of Regulation of Intracellular Proteolysis, W.A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim L Karpov
- Laboratory of Regulation of Intracellular Proteolysis, W.A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Wang Q, Pan F, Li S, Huang R, Wang X, Wang S, Liao X, Li D, Zhang L. The prognostic value of the proteasome activator subunit gene family in skin cutaneous melanoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:2205-2219. [PMID: 31258724 PMCID: PMC6584401 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The functional significance of the proteasome activator subunit (PSME) gene family in the pathogenesis of skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) remains to be elucidated. Materials and methods: Clinical data for patients with SKCM, including expression levels of PSME genes, were extracted from TCGA. GO term and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Correlations between the expression levels of PSME genes in SKCM were evaluated with the Pearson correlation coefficient. Functional and enrichment analyses were conducted using DAVID. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses adjusted by Cox regression were used to construct a prognostic signature. The mechanisms underlying the association between PSME gene expression and overall survival (OS) were explored with gene set enrichment analysis. Joint-effects survival analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical value of the prognostic signature. Results: The median expression levels of PSME1, PSME2 and PSME3 were significantly higher in SKCM than in normal skin. PSME1, PSME2, and PSME3 were significantly enriched in several biological processes and pathways including cell adhesion, adherens junction organization, regulation of autophagy, cellular protein localization, the cell cycle, apoptosis, and the Wnt and NF-κB pathways. High expression levels of PSME1 and PSME2 combined with a low expression level of PSME3 was associated with favorable OS. Conclusion: Knowledge of the expression levels of the PSME gene family could provide a sensitive strategy for predicting prognosis in SKCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqi Wang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Pan
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Sizhu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangkun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijun Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
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12
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Ramírez-Jarquín JO, Cruz-Ramos E. Estrogen Receptor Alpha and its Ubiquitination in Breast Cancer Cells. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:690-704. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666181015114041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
More than 70% of all breast cancer cases are estrogen receptor alpha-positive (ERα). ERα is a member of the nuclear receptor family, and its activity is implicated in the gene transcription linked to the proliferation of breast cancer cells, as well as in extranuclear signaling pathways related to the development of resistance to endocrine therapy. Protein-protein interactions and posttranslational modifications of ERα underlie critical mechanisms that modulate its activity. In this review, the relationship between ERα and ubiquitin protein (Ub), was investigated in the context of breast cancer cells. Interestingly, Ub can bind covalently or non-covalently to ERα resulting in either a proteolytic or non-proteolytic fate for this receptor. Thereby, Ub-dependent molecular pathways that modulate ERα signaling may play a central role in breast cancer progression, and consequently, present critical targets for treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C. Tecalco-Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Josué O. Ramírez-Jarquín
- Instituto de Fisiologia Celular. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Cruz-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
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Posritong S, Hong JM, Eleniste PP, McIntyre PW, Wu JL, Himes ER, Patel V, Kacena MA, Bruzzaniti A. Pyk2 deficiency potentiates osteoblast differentiation and mineralizing activity in response to estrogen or raloxifene. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 474:35-47. [PMID: 29428397 PMCID: PMC6057828 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is controlled by the actions of bone-degrading osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts (OBs). Aging and loss of estrogen after menopause affects bone mass and quality. Estrogen therapy, including selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), can prevent bone loss and increase bone mineral density in post-menopausal women. Although investigations of the effects of estrogen on osteoclast activity are well advanced, the mechanism of action of estrogen on OBs is still unclear. The proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) is important for bone formation and female mice lacking Pyk2 (Pyk2-KO) exhibit elevated bone mass, increased bone formation rate and reduced osteoclast activity. Therefore, in the current study, we examined the role of estrogen signaling on the mechanism of action of Pyk2 in OBs. As expected, Pyk2-KO OBs showed significantly higher proliferation, matrix formation, and mineralization than WT OBs. In addition we found that Pyk2-KO OBs cultured in the presence of either 17β-estradiol (E2) or raloxifene, a SERM used for the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis, showed a further robust increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization. We examined the possible mechanism of action and found that Pyk2 deletion promotes the proteasome-mediated degradation of estrogen receptor α (ERα), but not estrogen receptor β (ERβ). As a consequence, E2 signaling via ERβ was enhanced in Pyk2-KO OBs. In addition, we found that Pyk2 deletion and E2 stimulation had an additive effect on ERK phosphorylation, which is known to stimulate cell differentiation and survival. Our findings suggest that in the absence of Pyk2, estrogen exerts an osteogenic effect on OBs through altered ERα and ERβ signaling. Thus, targeting Pyk2, in combination with estrogen or raloxifene, may be a novel strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of bone loss diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Posritong
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Jung Min Hong
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Pierre P Eleniste
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Patrick W McIntyre
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Wu
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Evan R Himes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Vruti Patel
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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14
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Ramírez-Jarquín JO. Polyubiquitination inhibition of estrogen receptor alpha and its implications in breast cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2018; 9:60-70. [PMID: 30148069 PMCID: PMC6107474 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v9.i4.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is detected in more than 70% of the cases of breast cancer. Nuclear activity of ERα, a transcriptional regulator, is linked to the development of mammary tumors, whereas the extranuclear activity of ERα is related to endocrine therapy resistance. ERα polyubiquitination is induced by the estradiol hormone, and also by selective estrogen receptor degraders, resulting in ERα degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome system. Moreover, polyubiquitination is related to the ERα transcription cycle, and some E3-ubiquitin ligases also function as coactivators for ERα. Several studies have demonstrated that ERα polyubiquitination is inhibited by multiple mechanisms that include posttranslational modifications, interactions with coregulators, and formation of specific protein complexes with ERα. These events are responsible for an increase in ERα protein levels and deregulation of its signaling in breast cancers. Thus, ERα polyubiquitination inhibition may be a key factor in the progression of breast cancer and resistance to endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama (PICM), Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 04510, México
| | - Josué O Ramírez-Jarquín
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 04510, México
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15
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Liu S, Zheng LL, Zhu YM, Shen HJ, Zhong Q, Huang J, Li C, Liu Z, Yao MD, Ou RM, Zhang Q. Knockdown of REGγ inhibits the proliferation and migration and promotes the apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells by downregulating NF-κB signal pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 23:277-283. [PMID: 29020881 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2017.1385194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effects of REGγ knockdown on the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and reveal the potential regulatory mechanisms. METHODS The expression of REGγ on myeloma cells of 28 MM patients was detected by Western blot. shRNA-REGγ-1 and shRNA-REGγ-2 were constructed to downregulate REGγ in RPMI-8226 cells. The proliferation, apoptosis and migration of transfected cells were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8), flow cytometry and transwell chamber, respectively. The expression of phosphorylated p65 (p-p65), p65, NF-kappa-B inhibitor ε (IkBε), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), B-cell lymphoma xL (Bcl-xL) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in transfected cells was detected by Western blot. Using cycloheximide (CHX), the half-life period of IkBε was detected by Western blot. RESULTS The expression of REGγ was positive in myeloma cells. The proliferation and migration of RPMI-8226 cells were significantly inhibited by shRNA-REGγ-1/shRNA-REGγ-2, while the apoptosis rates were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The expression of p-p65 and IkBε was significantly reduced in RPMI-8226 cells transfected with shRNA-REGγ-1/shRNA-REGγ-2. The degradation of IkBε was significantly lower in RPMI-8226 cells transfected with shRNA-REGγ-1 than the control (longer half-life period). Besides, the expression of MMP2, Bcl-xL and XIAP in RPMI-8226 cells was significantly inhibited by shRNA-REGγ-1/shRNA-REGγ-2. DISCUSSION Knockdown of REGγ may inhibit the proliferation and migration, and promote the apoptosis of RPMI-8226 cells possibly by downregulating NF-κB signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- a Department of Hematology , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ling Zheng
- a Department of Hematology , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Min Zhu
- a Department of Hematology , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Juan Shen
- a Department of Hematology , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhong
- a Department of Hematology , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Huang
- a Department of Hematology , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- b Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Liu
- a Department of Hematology , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Dong Yao
- a Department of Hematology , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Ming Ou
- a Department of Hematology , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- a Department of Hematology , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
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Yi Z, Yang D, Liao X, Guo F, Wang Y, Wang X. PSME3 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition with inducing the expression of CSC markers and immunosuppression in breast cancer. Exp Cell Res 2017; 358:87-93. [PMID: 28529105 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteasome activator subunit 3 (PSME3) plays a key role in breast cancer by regulating the cell cycle. However, its role in other pathogenesis-related features of breast cancer is unclear. In this study, we found that overexpression of PSME3 induced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and contributed to induce the expression of cancer stem cell markers of the MDA-MB-231 cell line, thus increasing the migration, and invasion of the cells. Moreover, overexpression of PSME3 reduced the chemotaxis of CD8+ T cells and induced the apoptosis of T cells in vitro. Furthermore, PSME3 knockdown increased the number of CD8+ T cells in vivo and reduced the subcutaneous tumor growth rate. These findings revealed that PSME3 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition with inducing the expression of CSC markers and influencing the tumor immune microenvironment in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Yi
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dejuan Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuelian Liao
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuchun Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Proteasome activator subunit 3 promotes pancreatic cancer growth via c-Myc-glycolysis signaling axis. Cancer Lett 2016; 386:161-167. [PMID: 27756569 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has the worst prognosis among all cancers and novel markers and therapeutic targets are desperately needed for this terribly deadly disease. Proteasome activator subunit 3 (PSME3) is highly involved in the initiation and progression of many human cancers. However, the potential effect of PSME3 on pancreatic cancer remains largely unknown. In the present study, we first found that PSME3 was significantly upregulated in pancreatic cancer cells and tissues at both mRNA and protein levels using qRT-PCR, western blot analysis, Oncomine data mining and immunohistochemical analysis. High PSME3 expression was positively correlated with tumor size and pM stage, and was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients revealed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that the gene sets related to cell proliferation and metastasis were positively correlated with elevated PSME3 expression. Consistently, silencing of PSME3 suppressed cell proliferation and invasive capacity of pancreatic cancer. Mechanistically, PSME3 inhibited the degradation of c-Myc and thus enhanced glycolysis, which ultimately led to the oncogenic effects of PSME3 on pancreatic cancer. Collectively, our data suggest that PSME3 plays oncogenic roles in pancreatic cancer by inhibiting c-Myc degradation to promote glycolysis, and could serve as a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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18
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Ramírez-Jarquín JO. Mechanisms that Increase Stability of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2016; 17:1-10. [PMID: 27561704 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ER) is a transcriptional regulator that controls the expression of genes related to cellular proliferation and differentiation in normal mammary tissue. However, the expression, abundance, and activity of this receptor are increased in 70% of breast cancers. The ER upregulation is facilitated by several molecular mechanisms, including protein stability, which represents an important strategy to maintain an active and functional repertoire of ER. Several proteins interact and protect ER from degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Through diverse mechanisms, these proteins prevent polyubiquitination and degradation of ER, leading to an increase in ER protein levels; consequently, estrogen signaling and its physiologic effects are enhanced in breast cancer cells. Thus, increased protein stability seems to be one of the main reasons that ER is upregulated in breast cancer. Here, we highlight findings on the proteins and mechanisms that participate directly or indirectly in ER stability and their relevance to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico.
| | - Josué O Ramírez-Jarquín
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico
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19
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Proteolysis targeting peptide (PROTAP) strategy for protein ubiquitination and degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:936-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Chandler P, Kochupurakkal BS, Alam S, Richardson AL, Soybel DI, Kelleher SL. Subtype-specific accumulation of intracellular zinc pools is associated with the malignant phenotype in breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:2. [PMID: 26728511 PMCID: PMC4700748 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc (Zn) hyper-accumulates in breast tumors and malignant cell lines compared to normal mammary epithelium. The mechanisms responsible for Zn accumulation and the consequence of Zn dysregulation are poorly understood. METHODS Microarrays were performed to assess differences in the expression of Zn transporters and metallothioneins (MTs) in human breast tumors and breast cancer cell lines. Real-time PCR and immunoblotting were employed to profile Zn transporter expression in representative luminal (T47D), basal (MDA-MB-231), and non-malignant (MCF10A) cell lines. Zn distribution in human tumors was assessed by X-ray fluorescence imaging. Zn distribution and content in cell lines was measured using FluoZin-3 imaging, and quantification and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Functional consequences of ZnT2 over-expression in MDA-MB-231 cells including invasion, proliferation, and cell cycle were measured using Boyden chambers, MTT assays, and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS Gene expression profiling of human breast tumors and breast cancer cell lines identified subtype-specific dysregulation in the Zn transporting network. X-ray fluorescence imaging of breast tumor tissues revealed Zn hyper-accumulation at the margins of Luminal breast tumors while Zn was more evenly distributed within Basal tumors. While both T47D and MDA-MB-231 cells hyper-accumulated Zn relative to MCF10A cells, T47D cells accumulated 2.5-fold more Zn compared to MDA-MB-231 cells. FluoZin-3 imaging indicated that Zn was sequestered into numerous large vesicles in T47D cells, but was retained in the cytoplasm and found in fewer and larger, amorphous sub-cellular compartments in MDA-MB-231 cells. The differences in Zn localization mirrored the relative abundance of the Zn transporter ZnT2; T47D cells over-expressed ZnT2, whereas MDA-MB-231 cells did not express ZnT2 protein due to proteasomal degradation. To determine the functional relevance of the lack of ZnT2 in MDA-MB-231cells, cells were transfected to express ZnT2. ZnT2 over-expression led to Zn vesicularization, shifts in cell cycle, enhanced apoptosis, and reduced proliferation and invasion. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive analysis of the Zn transporting network in malignant breast tumors and cell lines illustrates that distinct subtype-specific dysregulation of Zn management may underlie phenotypic characteristics of breast cancers such as grade, invasiveness, metastatic potential, and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Chandler
- The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Physiology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Bose S Kochupurakkal
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Samina Alam
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- The Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Andrea L Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David I Soybel
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- The Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Shannon L Kelleher
- The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Physiology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
- The Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
- The Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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