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Kobayashi S, Sullivan C, Bialkowska AB, Saltz JH, Yang VW. Computational immunohistochemical mapping adds immune context to histological phenotypes in mouse models of colitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14386. [PMID: 37658187 PMCID: PMC10474139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic, dysregulated inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. The heterogeneity of IBD is reflected through two major subtypes, Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). CD and UC differ across symptomatic presentation, histology, immune responses, and treatment. While colitis mouse models have been influential in deciphering IBD pathogenesis, no single model captures the full heterogeneity of clinical disease. The translational capacity of mouse models may be augmented by shifting to multi-mouse model studies that aggregate analysis across various well-controlled phenotypes. Here, we evaluate the value of histology in multi-mouse model characterizations by building upon a previous pipeline that detects histological disease classes in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained murine colons. Specifically, we map immune marker positivity across serially-sectioned slides to H&E histological classes across the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) chemical induction model and the intestinal epithelium-specific, inducible Villin-CreERT2;Klf5fl/fl (Klf5ΔIND) genetic model. In this study, we construct the beginning frameworks to define H&E-patch-based immunophenotypes based on IHC-H&E mappings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony, Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Joel H Saltz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony, Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony, Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony, Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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Allodi M, Giorgio C, Incerti M, Corradi D, Flammini L, Ballabeni V, Barocelli E, Radi M, Bertoni S. Probing the effects of MR120 in preclinical chronic colitis: A first-in-class anti-IBD agent targeting the CCL20/CCR6 axis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 945:175613. [PMID: 36841282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Concerning the growing interest in the role played by the CCL20/CCR6 axis in IBD pathogenesis and in the search for novel anti-IBD small molecules, we have recently discovered the first small-molecule (MR120) endowed with protective action against TNBS-induced colitis and zymosan-induced peritonitis. This protective action occurs through interference with the CCL20/CCR6 signaling. The aim of the present work is to expand the preclinical investigation of MR120, evaluating its beneficial anti-inflammatory effect on a model of chronic colitis obtained by cyclically exposing C57BL/6 mice to 3% DSS. Subcutaneous administration of MR120 at 1 mg/kg, the same dose effective against acute inflammation, helped attenuate several systemic and local inflammatory responses induced by DSS. Besides significantly improving murine health conditions, MR120 counteracted mucosal macroscopic injury, the increase of colonic edema and neutrophils oxidative activity, and mitigated spleen enlargement, while not significantly lowering intestinal IL-6 concentration. Overall, repeated daily treatment with MR120 for approximately 30 days was well tolerated and showed moderate protection in a relevant model of chronic colitis, in line with the beneficial effect previously observed in acute models of intestinal inflammation. Although more potent analogues of MR120 will be needed to more fully evaluate their clinical translatability, the present work provides a valuable example of in vivo efficacy of CCL20/CCR6 modulators in a chronic model of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Allodi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale Delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Carmine Giorgio
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale Delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Incerti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale Delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Domenico Corradi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Flammini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale Delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Vigilio Ballabeni
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale Delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Barocelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale Delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Radi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale Delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Simona Bertoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale Delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
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3
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Otkur W, Wang J, Hou T, Liu F, Yang R, Li Y, Xiang K, Pei S, Qi H, Lin H, Zhou H, Zhang X, Piao HL, Liang X. Aminosalicylates target GPR35, partly contributing to the prevention of DSS-induced colitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 949:175719. [PMID: 37054942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
GPR35, a class A G-protein-coupled receptor, is considered an orphan receptor; the endogenous ligand and precise physiological function of GPR35 remain obscure. GPR35 is expressed relatively highly in the gastrointestinal tract and immune cells. It plays a role in colorectal diseases like inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colon cancer. More recently, the development of GPR35 targeting anti-IBD drugs is in solid request. Nevertheless, the development process is in stagnation due to the lack of a highly potent GPR35 agonist that is also active comparably in both human and mouse orthologs. Therefore, we proposed to find compounds for GPR35 agonist development, especially for the human ortholog of GPR35. As an efficient way to pick up a safe and effective GPR35 targeting anti-IBD drug, we screened Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved 1850 drugs using a two-step DMR assay. Interestingly, we found aminosalicylates, first-line medicine for IBDs whose precise target remains unknown, exhibited activity on both human and mouse GPR35. Among these, pro-drug olsalazine showed the most potency on GPR35 agonism, inducing ERK phosphorylation and β-arrestin2 translocation. In dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, the protective effect on disease progression and inhibitory effect on TNFα mRNA expression, NF-κB and JAK-STAT3 pathway of olsalazine are compromised in GPR35 knock-out mice. The present study identified a target for first-line medicine aminosalicylates, highlighted that uncleaved pro-drug olsalazine is effective, and provided a new concept for the design of aminosalicylic GPR35 targeting anti-IBD drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxiyar Otkur
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Renyu Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yirong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijing Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanchen Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Long Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
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de Andrade STQ, Guidugli TI, Borrego A, Rodrigues BLC, Fernandes NCCDA, Guerra JM, de Sousa JG, Starobinas N, Jensen JR, Cabrera WHK, De Franco M, Ibañez OM, Massa S, Ribeiro OG. Slc11a1 gene polymorphism influences dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in a murine model of acute inflammation. Genes Immun 2023; 24:71-80. [PMID: 36792680 PMCID: PMC10110460 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease characterized by colonic mucosal lesions associated with an increased risk of carcinogenesis. UC pathogenesis involves environmental and genetic factors. Genetic studies have indicated the association of gene variants coding for the divalent metal ion transporter SLC11A1 protein (formerly NRAMP1) with UC susceptibility in several animal species. Two mouse lines were genetically selected for high (AIRmax) or low (AIRmin) acute inflammatory responses (AIR). AIRmax is susceptible, and AIRmin is resistant to DSS-induced colitis and colon carcinogenesis. Furthermore, AIRmin mice present polymorphism of the Slc11a1 gene. Here we investigated the possible modulating effect of the Slc11a1 R and S variants in DSS-induced colitis by using AIRmin mice homozygous for Slc11a1 R (AIRminRR) or S (AIRminSS) alleles. We evaluated UC by the disease activity index (DAI), considering weight loss, diarrhea, blood in the anus or feces, cytokines, histopathology, and cell populations in the distal colon epithelium. AIRminSS mice have become susceptible to DSS effects, with higher DAI, IL6, G-CSF, and MCP-1 production and morphological and colon histopathological alterations than AIRminRR mice. The results point to a role of the Slc11a1 S allele in DSS colitis induction in the genetic background of AIRmin mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Borrego
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Nancy Starobinas
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Solange Massa
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
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Flannigan KL, Nieves KM, Szczepanski HE, Serra A, Lee JW, Alston LA, Ramay H, Mani S, Hirota SA. The Pregnane X Receptor and Indole-3-Propionic Acid Shape the Intestinal Mesenchyme to Restrain Inflammation and Fibrosis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:765-795. [PMID: 36309199 PMCID: PMC9883297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fibrosis is a common complication of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). The pregnane X receptor (PXR) (encoded by NR1I2) suppresses intestinal inflammation and has been shown to influence liver fibrosis. In the intestine, PXR signaling is influenced by microbiota-derived indole-3-propionic acid (IPA). Here, we sought to assess the role of the PXR in regulating intestinal inflammation and fibrosis. METHODS Intestinal inflammation was induced using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Fibrosis was assessed in wild-type (WT), Nr1i2-/-, epithelial-specific Nr1i2-/-, and fibroblast-specific Nr1i2-/- mice. Immune cell influx was quantified by flow cytometry and cytokines by Luminex. Myofibroblasts isolated from WT and Nr1i2-/- mice were stimulated with cytomix or lipopolysaccharide, and mediator production was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Luminex. RESULTS After recovery from DSS-induced colitis, WT mice exhibited fibrosis, a response that was exacerbated in Nr1i2-/- mice. This was correlated with greater neutrophil infiltration and innate cytokine production. Deletion of the PXR in fibroblasts, but not the epithelium, recapitulated this phenotype. Inflammation and fibrosis were reduced by IPA administration, whereas depletion of the microbiota exaggerated intestinal fibrosis. Nr1i2-deficient myofibroblasts were hyperresponsive to stimulation, producing increased levels of inflammatory mediators compared with WT cells. In biopsies from patients with active Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), expression of NR1I2 was reduced, correlating with increased expression of fibrotic and innate immune genes. Finally, both CD and UC patients exhibited reduced levels of fecal IPA. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight a role for IPA and its interactions with the PXR in regulating the mesenchyme and the development of inflammation and fibrosis, suggesting microbiota metabolites may be a vital determinant in the progression of fibrotic complications in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L Flannigan
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kristoff M Nieves
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Holly E Szczepanski
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alex Serra
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Joshua W Lee
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Laurie A Alston
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hena Ramay
- International Microbiome Centre, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Simon A Hirota
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Morphological Assessment and Biomarkers of Low-Grade, Chronic Intestinal Inflammation in Production Animals. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213036. [PMID: 36359160 PMCID: PMC9654368 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Production animals are continuously exposed to environmental and dietary factors that might induce a state of low-grade, chronic intestinal inflammation. This condition compromises the productive performance and well-fare of these animals, requiring studies to understand what causes it and to develop control strategies. An intestinal inflammatory process is generally associated with alterations in the structure and functionality of its wall, resulting in the release of cellular components into the blood and/or feces. These components can act as biomarkers, i.e., they are measured to identify and quantify an inflammatory process without requiring invasive methods. In this review we discuss the mechanisms of low-grade inflammation, its effects on animal production and sustainability, and the identification of biomarkers that could provide early diagnosis of this process and support studies of useful interventional strategies. Abstract The complex interaction between the intestinal mucosa, the gut microbiota, and the diet balances the host physiological homeostasis and is fundamental for the maximal genetic potential of production animals. However, factors such as chemical and physical characteristics of the diet and/or environmental stressors can continuously affect this balance, potentially inducing a state of chronic low-grade inflammation in the gut, where inflammatory parameters are present and demanding energy, but not in enough intensity to provoke clinical manifestations. It’s vital to expand the understanding of inflammation dynamics and of how they compromise the function activity and microscopic morphology of the intestinal mucosa. These morphometric alterations are associated with the release of structural and functional cellular components into the feces and the blood stream creating measurable biomarkers to track this condition. Moreover, the identification of novel, immunometabolic biomarkers can provide dynamic and predictors of low-grade chronic inflammation, but also provide indicators of successful nutritional or feed additive intervention strategies. The objective of this paper is to review the mechanisms of low-grade inflammation, its effects on animal production and sustainability, and the biomarkers that could provide early diagnosis of this process and support studies of useful interventional strategies.
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Shin YK, Kwon S, Hsieh YS, Han AY, Seol GH. Linalyl acetate restores colon contractility and blood pressure in repeatedly stressed-ulcerative colitis rats. Environ Health Prev Med 2022; 27:27. [PMID: 35753805 PMCID: PMC9283910 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is related to stress, but few studies have evaluated the influence of stress on factors affecting colon contractility in rats with UC. Also, there have been no studies investigating beneficial effects of linalyl acetate (LA), the major component of lavender essential oil, in repeatedly stressed-ulcerative colitis rats. Therefore, we investigated the differences in factors affecting colon contractility of UC rats with or without repeated restraint stress (RRS) and the effects of LA on these parameters in repeatedly stressed-UC rats. Methods Rats were assigned to following groups: control, RRS, UC, RRS+UC, and RRS+UC treated with LA or sulfasalazine. To induce UC, rats were administered 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) water on days 1–5, followed by tap water on days 6–15 and DSS water on days 16–20. RRS was induced by immobilizing rats for 2 hr/day on days 1–20. LA or sulfasalazine were daily administered on days 16–20. Results Disease activity index (DAI) was markedly increased in RRS+UC. Serum interleukin-6 levels and acetylcholine-induced colon contraction were higher in RRS+UC than in control, RRS and UC. Colon nitrite levels also significantly increased in RRS+UC compared to the control and RRS. Blood pressure (BP) was higher in RRS+UC than in the control and UC. Both LA and sulfasalazine was effective in decreasing DAI, colon nitrite levels, acetylcholine-induced colon contraction in RRS+UC. Sulfasalazine significantly reduced serum IL-6 levels in RRS+UC with decreasing tendency in RRS+UC treated by LA. Only LA significantly reduced BP in RRS+UC. Conclusions Our findings emphasize the importance of stress management in UC patients. Also, LA may be beneficially used in repeatedly stressed-UC patients with high BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Kyoung Shin
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University
| | - Soonho Kwon
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University
| | - Yu Shan Hsieh
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University.,Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences
| | - A Young Han
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University.,Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Sunchon National University
| | - Geun Hee Seol
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University.,BK21 FOUR Program of Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University
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Matisz C, Gruber A. Neuroinflammatory remodeling of the anterior cingulate cortex as a key driver of mood disorders in gastrointestinal disease and disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 133:104497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ho SW, El-Nezami H, Corke H, Ho CS, Shah NP. L-citrulline enriched fermented milk with Lactobacillus helveticus attenuates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108858. [PMID: 34587540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases that causes worldwide suffering. L. helveticus is a probiotic that can enhance intestinal barrier function via alleviation of excessive inflammatory response. Citrulline, a functional amino acid, has been reported to stimulate muscle synthesis and to function with a prebiotic-like action with certain Lactobacillus strains. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential synergistic effect of combining L. helveticus and citrulline on protection against damage induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in a mouse model. 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed with DSS water and randomly divided for administering with different milk treatments: 1) plain milk (control or DSS control), 2) 1% (w/v) citrulline enriched milk (Cit_milk), 3) milk fermented with L. helveticus (LHFM) and 4) DSS+milk fermented with L. helveticus with 1% (w/v) citrulline (Cit_LHFM). The treatment effects on the survival and macroscopic and microscopic signs were examined. All treatments presented different degrees of protective effects on attenuating the damages induced by DSS. All treatments reduced the body weight loss, disease activity index (DAI), histological scores, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ) and production (IL-4) (all P <0.05) and the tight junction (TJ) protein (zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) expression. LHFM and Cit_LHFM improved survival rate (both at P<0.05). Particularly, Cit_LHFM showed greater effects on protecting the damages induced by DSS, especially in ameliorating colonic permeability, TJ protein (ZO-1, occludin and claudin-1) expression and distribution as well as in reducing IL-4 and IL-17 expression (all P <0.05). Our findings suggested that the combination of and citrulline had significant synergistic effect on protecting against injury from DSS-induced colitis. Therefore, citrulline enriched L. helveticus fermented milk is suggested to be a potential therapy for treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Wing Ho
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Harold Corke
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Chun Sing Ho
- Department of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - Nagendra P Shah
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
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Rodrigues VF, Camelo GMA, de Rezende MC, Maggi L, Silva JKAO, Rodrigues JGM, Araújo MSS, Martins-Filho OA, Negrão-Corrêa D. Infection by Strongyloides venezuelensis attenuates chronic colitis induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate ingestion in BALB/c mice. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152129. [PMID: 34433129 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic health problems of difficult management and treatment. Epidemiological studies indicate an inverse association between helminth infections and IBD, and experimental data confirm that helminth infections modulate the severity of experimental acute colitis in mice. However, the effects of helminth infections on chronic colitis, which is clinically more relevant, have been poorly explored. Herein, we investigated whether Strongyloides venezuelensis infection in BALB/c mice can ameliorate chronic colitis induced by the ingestion of water containing 2.5% Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) over three seven-day treatment cycles, with an interval of fourteen days between cycles. Infected-only, DSS-exposed-only, and non-exposed/uninfected experimental groups served as controls for comparing the severity of colitis and intestinal inflammation among different groups. Our data showed that S. venezuelensis infection in mice with DSS-induced chronic colitis reduced clinical signs, attenuated colon shortening and inflammation, and prevented mucus ablation. The modulatory effect was accompanied by a low concentration of IFN-γ, high concentrations of TGF-β, IL-22, and IL-33 in the colon, and a significant increase of the percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN). In conclusion, S. venezuelensis infection can reduce the severity of DSS-induced chronic colitis in mice possibly through the stimulation of Treg cells and modulatory cytokines, and induction of mucosal repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laura Maggi
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Márcio Sobreira Silva Araújo
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou/FIOCRUZ - MG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou/FIOCRUZ - MG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Deborah Negrão-Corrêa
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Dal Pont GC, Belote BL, Lee A, Bortoluzzi C, Eyng C, Sevastiyanova M, Khadem A, Santin E, Farnell YZ, Gougoulias C, Kogut MH. Novel Models for Chronic Intestinal Inflammation in Chickens: Intestinal Inflammation Pattern and Biomarkers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676628. [PMID: 34054868 PMCID: PMC8158159 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
For poultry producers, chronic low-grade intestinal inflammation has a negative impact on productivity by impairing nutrient absorption and allocation of nutrients for growth. Understanding the triggers of chronic intestinal inflammation and developing a non-invasive measurement is crucial to managing gut health in poultry. In this study, we developed two novel models of low-grade chronic intestinal inflammation in broiler chickens: a chemical model using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and a dietary model using a high non-starch polysaccharide diet (NSP). Further, we evaluated the potential of several proteins as biomarkers of gut inflammation. For these experiments, the chemical induction of inflammation consisted of two 5-day cycles of oral gavage of either 0.25mg DSS/ml or 0.35mg DSS/ml; whereas the NSP diet (30% rice bran) was fed throughout the experiment. At four times (14, 22, 28 and 36-d post-hatch), necropsies were performed to collect intestinal samples for histology, and feces and serum for biomarkers quantification. Neither DSS nor NSP treatments affected feed intake or livability. NSP-fed birds exhibited intestinal inflammation through 14-d, which stabilized by 36-d. On the other hand, the cyclic DSS-treatment produced inflammation throughout the entire experimental period. Histological examination of the intestine revealed that the inflammation induced by both models exhibited similar spatial and temporal patterns with the duodenum and jejunum affected early (at 14-d) whereas the ileum was compromised by 28-d. Calprotectin (CALP) was the only serum protein found to be increased due to inflammation. However, fecal CALP and Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) concentrations were significantly greater in the induced inflammation groups at 28-d. This experiment demonstrated for the first time, two in vivo models of chronic gut inflammation in chickens, a DSS and a nutritional NSP protocols. Based on these models we observed that intestinal inflammation begins in the upper segments of small intestine and moved to the lower region over time. In the searching for a fecal biomarker for intestinal inflammation, LCN-2 showed promising results. More importantly, calprotectin has a great potential as a novel biomarker for poultry measured both in serum and feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela C Dal Pont
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,Department of Veterinary Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Animal Science, Western Parana State University, Marechal C. Rondon, Brazil.,Innovad NV/SA, Essen, Belgium.,Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), College Station, TX, United States
| | - Bruna L Belote
- Department of Veterinary Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Annah Lee
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Cristiano Bortoluzzi
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Cinthia Eyng
- Department of Animal Science, Western Parana State University, Marechal C. Rondon, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Santin
- Department of Veterinary Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Yuhua Z Farnell
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Michael H Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), College Station, TX, United States
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12
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Ohya S, Matsui M, Kajikuri J, Endo K, Kito H. Increased Interleukin-10 Expression by the Inhibition of Ca 2+-Activated K + Channel K Ca3.1 in CD4 +CD25 + Regulatory T Cells in the Recovery Phase in an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Mouse Model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:75-85. [PMID: 33504590 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract arising from abnormal responses of the innate and adaptative immune systems. Interleukin (IL)-10-producing CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells play a protective role in the recovery phase of IBD. In the present study, the effects of the administration of the selective Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1 inhibitor TRAM-34 on disease activities were examined in chemically induced IBD model mice. IBD disease severity, as assessed by diarrhea, visible fecal blood, inflammation, and crypt damage in the colon, was significantly lower in mice administered 1 mg/kg TRAM-34 than in vehicle-administered mice. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction examinations showed that IL-10 expression levels in the recovery phase were markedly increased by the inhibition of KCa3.1 in mesenteric lymph node (mLN) Treg cells of IBD model mice compared with vehicle-administered mice. Among several positive and negative transcriptional regulators (TRs) for IL-10, three positive TRs-E4BP4, KLF4, and Blimp1-were upregulated by the inhibition of KCa3.1 in the mLN Treg cells of IBD model mice. In mouse peripheral CD4+CD25+ Treg cells induced by lectin stimulation, IL-10 expression and secretion were enhanced by the treatment with TRAM-34, together with the upregulation of E4BP4, KLF4, and Blimp1. Collectively, the present results demonstrated that the pharmacological inhibition of KCa3.1 decreased IBD symptoms in the IBD model by increasing IL-10 production in peripheral Treg cells and that IL-10high Treg cells produced by the treatment with KCa3.1 inhibitor may contribute to efficient Treg therapy for chronic inflammatory disorders, including IBD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Pharmacological inhibition of Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1 increased IL-10 expression in peripheral Treg cells, together with the upregulation of the transcriptional regulators of IL-10: Krüppel-like factor 4, E4 promoter-binding protein 4, and/or B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1. The manipulation of IL-10high-producing Treg cells by the pharmacological inhibition of KCa3.1 may be beneficial in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ohya
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miki Matsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junko Kajikuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyoko Endo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kito
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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13
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Grubišić V, McClain JL, Fried DE, Grants I, Rajasekhar P, Csizmadia E, Ajijola OA, Watson RE, Poole DP, Robson SC, Christofi FL, Gulbransen BD. Enteric Glia Modulate Macrophage Phenotype and Visceral Sensitivity following Inflammation. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108100. [PMID: 32905782 PMCID: PMC7518300 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms resulting in abdominal pain include altered neuro-immune interactions in the gastrointestinal tract, but the signaling processes that link immune activation with visceral hypersensitivity are unresolved. We hypothesized that enteric glia link the neural and immune systems of the gut and that communication between enteric glia and immune cells modulates the development of visceral hypersensitivity. To this end, we manipulated a major mechanism of glial intercellular communication that requires connexin-43 and assessed the effects on acute and chronic inflammation, visceral hypersensitivity, and immune responses. Deleting connexin-43 in glia protected against the development of visceral hypersensitivity following chronic colitis. Mechanistically, the protective effects of glial manipulation were mediated by disrupting the glial-mediated activation of macrophages through the macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Collectively, our data identified enteric glia as a critical link between gastrointestinal neural and immune systems that could be harnessed by therapies to ameliorate abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Grubišić
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jonathon L McClain
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - David E Fried
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Iveta Grants
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 420 West 12th Avenue, Room 216, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pradeep Rajasekhar
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Olujimi A Ajijola
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ralph E Watson
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Daniel P Poole
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon C Robson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Fievos L Christofi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 420 West 12th Avenue, Room 216, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Brian D Gulbransen
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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14
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Nii T, Bungo T, Isobe N, Yoshimura Y. Intestinal inflammation induced by dextran sodium sulphate causes liver inflammation and lipid metabolism disfunction in laying hens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1663-1677. [PMID: 32111331 PMCID: PMC7587789 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut inflammation caused by various factors including microbial infection leads to disorder of absorption of dietary nutrients and decrease in egg production in laying hens. We hypothesized that intestinal inflammation may affect egg production in laying hens through its impact on liver function. Dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) is known to induce intestinal inflammation in mammals, but whether it also induces inflammation in laying hens is not known. The goal of this study was to assess whether oral administration of DSS is a useful model of intestinal inflammation in laying hens and to characterize the effects of intestinal inflammation on egg production using this model. White Leghorn hens (350-day old) were administrated with or without 0.9 g of DSS/kg BW in drinking water for 5 D (n = 8, each). All laid eggs were collected, and their whole and eggshell weights were recorded. Blood was collected every day and used for biochemical analysis. Liver and intestinal tissues (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, cecal-tonsil, and colon) were collected 1 D after the final treatment. These tissue samples were used for histological analysis and PCR analysis. Oral administration of DSS in laying hens caused 1) histological disintegration of the cecal mucosal epithelium and increased monocyte/macrophage infiltration and IL-1β, IL-6, CXCLi2, IL-10, and TGFβ-4 gene expression; 2) decreased egg production; 3) increased leukocyte infiltration and IL-1β, CXCLi2, and IL-10 expression in association with a high frequency of lipopolysaccharide-positive cells in the liver; and 4) decreased expression of genes related to lipid synthesis, lipoprotein uptake, and yolk precursor production. These results suggested that oral administration of DSS is a useful method for inducing intestinal inflammation in laying hens, and intestinal inflammation may reduce egg production by disrupting egg yolk precursor production in association with liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nii
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - T Bungo
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - N Isobe
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Y Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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15
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Matisz CE, Vicentini FA, Hirota SA, Sharkey KA, Gruber AJ. Behavioral adaptations in a relapsing mouse model of colitis. Physiol Behav 2020; 216:112802. [PMID: 31931038 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by relapsing periods of gut inflammation, and is comorbid with depression, anxiety, and cognitive deficits. Animal models of IBD that explore the behavioral consequences almost exclusively use acute models of gut inflammation, which fails to recapitulate the cyclic, chronic nature of IBD. This study sought to identify behavioral differences in digging, memory, and stress-coping strategies in mice exposed to one (acute) or three (chronic) cycles of gut inflammation, using the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of colitis. Similar levels of gut pathology were observed between acute and chronically exposed mice, although mice in the chronic treatment had significantly shorter colons, suggesting more severe disease. Behavioral measures revealed an unexpected pattern in which chronic treatment evoked fewer deficits than acute treatment. Specifically, acutely-treated mice showed alterations in measures of object burying, novel object recognition, object location memory, and stress-coping (forced swim task). Chronically-treated animals, however, showed similar alterations in object burying, but not the other measures. These data suggest an adaptive or tolerizing effect of repeated cycles of peripheral gut inflammation on mnemonic function and stress-coping, whereas some other behaviors continue to be affected by gut inflammation. We speculate that the normalization of some functions may involve the reversion to the baseline state of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and/or levels of neuroinflammation, which are both activated by the first exposure to the colitic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E Matisz
- Canadian Center for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge T1K 3M4, AB, Canada.
| | - Fernando A Vicentini
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simon A Hirota
- Inflammation Research Network, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aaron J Gruber
- Canadian Center for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge T1K 3M4, AB, Canada
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16
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Network Pharmacology-Based Investigation into the Mechanisms of Quyushengxin Formula for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7870424. [PMID: 31976001 PMCID: PMC6949735 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7870424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease whose treatment strategies remain unsatisfactory. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms of Quyushengxin formula acting on UC based on network pharmacology. Methods Ingredients of the main herbs in Quyushengxin formula were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties of all ingredients were evaluated for screening out candidate bioactive compounds in Quyushengxin formula. Weighted ensemble similarity algorithm was applied for predicting direct targets of bioactive ingredients. Functional enrichment analyses were performed for the targets. In addition, compound-target network, target-disease network, and target-pathway network were established via Cytoscape 3.6.0 software. Results A total of 41 bioactive compounds in Quyushengxin formula were selected out from the TCMSP database. These bioactive compounds were predicted to target 94 potential proteins by weighted ensemble similarity algorithm. Functional analysis suggested these targets were closely related with inflammatory- and immune-related biological progresses. Furthermore, the results of compound-target network, target-disease network, and target-pathway network indicated that the therapeutic effects of Quyushengxin on UC may be achieved through the synergistic and additive effects. Conclusion Quyushengxin may act on immune and inflammation-related targets to suppress UC progression in a synergistic and additive manner.
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17
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Lleal M, Sarrabayrouse G, Willamil J, Santiago A, Pozuelo M, Manichanh C. A single faecal microbiota transplantation modulates the microbiome and improves clinical manifestations in a rat model of colitis. EBioMedicine 2019; 48:630-641. [PMID: 31628021 PMCID: PMC6838378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a novel potential therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases, but it is poorly characterised. Methods We evaluated the performance of the mouse and rat as a pre-clinical model for human microbiota engraftment. We then characterised the effect of a single human stool transfer (HST) on a humanised model of DSS-induced colitis. Colonic and faecal microbial communities were analysed using the 16S rRNA approach and clinical manifestations were assessed in a longitudinal setting. Findings The microbial community of rats showed greater similarity to that of humans, while the microbiome of mice showed less similarity to that of humans. Moreover, rats captured more human microbial species than mice after a single HST. Using the rat model, we showed that HST compensated faecal dysbiosis by restoring alpha-diversity and by increasing the relative abundance of health-related microbial genera. To some extent, HST also modulated the microbial composition of colonic tissue. These faecal and colonic microbial communities alterations led to a relative restoration of colon length, and a significant decrease in both epithelium damage and disease severity. Remarkably, stopping inflammation by removing DSS before HST caused a faster and greater recovery of both microbiome and clinical manifestation features. Interpretation Our results indicate that the rat outperforms the mouse as a model for human microbiota engraftment and show that the efficacy of HST can be enhanced when inflammation stimulation is withdrawn. Finally, our findings support a new therapeutic strategy based on the use FMT combined with anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lleal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joseane Willamil
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Santiago
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pozuelo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chaysavanh Manichanh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Chen W, Fan H, Liang R, Zhang R, Zhang J, Zhu J. Taraxacum officinale extract ameliorates dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis by regulating fatty acid degradation and microbial dysbiosis. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:8161-8172. [PMID: 31565850 PMCID: PMC6850927 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous data show that taraxacum officinale extract (TOE) exerts protective effects on inflammatory diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms by which TOE affects dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis remain unclear. After DSS-induced colitis were treated with different concentrations of TOE for 8 days, the bodyweight, disease activity index (DAI), colon lengths and pathological scoring were assessed, and histopathological examination was confirmed by HE staining. Furthermore, a transcriptome sequencing was performed by using the colon tissues between TOE and DSS groups, and the differentially expressed genes were conducted for the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and were validated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. In addition, a 16S rDNA sequencing was carried out to distinguish the differential gut microbiota by using the mouse faecal samples between TOE and DSS groups. We found that TOE attenuated the clinical symptoms, lowered the inflammatory scoring and inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in DSS-induced colitis. KEGG and GSEA analysis demonstrated that fatty acid degradation and cytokine-receptor signalling were predominantly enriched in TOE-treated colitis as compared with the DSS group. Further investigations revealed that TOE increased the expression levels of Adh5, Aldh3a2 and Acox3, but decreased those of CCL20, CCR6 and CXCL1/5 in DSS-induced colitis, where TOE also induced the enrichment of S24-7 and adlercreutzia, but decreased the amount of anaerostipes, enterococcus, enterobacteriaceae and peptostreptococcaceae. In conclusion, TOE ameliorated DSS-induced colitis by regulating fatty acid degradation and microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huining Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinshui Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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19
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Irún P, Lanas A, Piazuelo E. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Bioactive Metabolites in Gastrointestinal Malignancies Related to Unresolved Inflammation. A Review. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:852. [PMID: 31427966 PMCID: PMC6687876 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation takes part in the pathogenesis of some malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract including colorectal (CRC), gastric, and esophageal cancers. The use of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω3-PUFA) supplements for chemoprevention or adjuvant therapy of gastrointestinal cancers is being investigated in recent years. Most evidence has been reported in CRC, although their protective role has also been reported for Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric cancer or Barrett’s esophagus-derived adenocarcinoma. Studies based on ω3-PUFA supplementation in animal models of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and CRC revealed positive effects on cancer prevention, reducing the number and size of tumors, down-regulating arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids, upregulating anti-oxidant enzymes, and reducing lipid peroxidation, whereas contradictory results have been found in induced colitis and colitis-associated cancer. Beneficial effects have also been found in FAP and ulcerative colitis patients. Of special interest is their positive effect as adjuvants on radio- and chemo-sensitivity, specificity, and prevention of treatment complications. Some controversial results obtained in CRC might be justified by different dietary sources, extraction and preparation procedures of ω3-PUFAs, difficulties on filling out food questionnaires, daily dose and type of PUFAs, adenoma subtype, location of CRC, sex differences, and genetic factors. Studies using animal models of inflammatory bowel disease have confirmed that exogenous administration of active metabolites derived from PUFAs called pro-resolving mediators like lipoxin A4, arachidonic acid-derived, resolvins derived from eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic (DHA), and docosapentaenoic (DPA) acids as well as maresin 1 and protectins DHA- and DPA-derived improve disease and inflammatory outcomes without causing immunosuppression or other side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Irún
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angel Lanas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Psiquiatría y Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Piazuelo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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20
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Vidal-Lletjós S, Andriamihaja M, Blais A, Grauso M, Lepage P, Davila AM, Gaudichon C, Leclerc M, Blachier F, Lan A. Mucosal healing progression after acute colitis in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3572-3589. [PMID: 31367158 PMCID: PMC6658396 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i27.3572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosal healing has become a therapeutic goal to achieve stable remission in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. To achieve this objective, overlapping actions of complex cellular processes, such as migration, proliferation, and differentiation, are required. These events are longitudinally and tightly controlled by numerous factors including a wide range of distinct regulatory proteins. However, the sequence of events associated with colon mucosal repair after colitis and the evolution of the luminal content characteristics during this process have been little studied.
AIM To document the evolution of colon mucosal characteristics during mucosal healing using a mouse model with chemically-induced colitis.
METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were given 3.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water for 5 d. They were euthanized 2 (day 7), 5 (day 10), 8 (day 13), and 23 (day 28) d after DSS removal. The colonic luminal environment and epithelial repair processes during the inflammatory flare and colitis resolution were analyzed with reference to a non-DSS treated control group, euthanized at day 0. Epithelial repair events were assessed histo-morphologically in combination with functional permeability tests, expression of key inflammatory and repairing factors, and evaluation of colon mucosa-adherent microbiota composition by 16S rRNA sequencing.
RESULTS The maximal intensity of colitis was concomitant with maximal alterations of intestinal barrier function and histological damage associated with goblet cell depletion in colon mucosa. It was recorded 2 d after termination of the DSS-treatment, followed by a progressive return to values similar to those of control mice. Although signs of colitis were severe (inflammatory cell infiltrate, crypt disarray, increased permeability) and associated with colonic luminal alterations (hyperosmolarity, dysbiosis, decrease in short-chain fatty acid content), epithelial healing processes were launched early during the inflammatory flare with increased gene expression of certain key epithelial repair modulators, including transforming growth factor-β, interleukin (Il)-15, Il-22, Il-33, and serum amyloid A. Whereas signs of inflammation progressively diminished, luminal colonic environment alterations and microscopic abnormalities of colon mucosa persisted long after colitis induction.
CONCLUSION This study shows that colon repair can be initiated in the context of inflamed mucosa associated with alterations of the luminal environment and highlights the longitudinal involvement of key modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Blais
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris 75005, France
| | - Marta Grauso
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris 75005, France
| | - Patricia Lepage
- UMR MICALIS, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
| | - Anne-Marie Davila
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris 75005, France
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris 75005, France
| | - Marion Leclerc
- UMR MICALIS, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
| | - François Blachier
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris 75005, France
| | - Annaïg Lan
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris 75005, France
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Nerurkar PV, Orias D, Soares N, Kumar M, Nerurkar VR. Momordica charantia (bitter melon) modulates adipose tissue inflammasome gene expression and adipose-gut inflammatory cross talk in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 68:16-32. [PMID: 31005847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic and tissue-specific inflammation has a profound influence on regulation of metabolism, and therefore, strategies to reduce inflammation are of special interest in prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Antiobesity and antidiabetic properties of Momordica charantia (bitter melon, BM) have been linked to its protective effects on inflammation and gut microbial dysbiosis. We investigated the mechanisms by which freeze-dried BM juice reduces adipose inflammation in mice fed a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Although earlier studies indicated that BM inhibited recruitment of macrophages (Mφ) infiltration in adipose tissue of rodents and reduced NF-kB and IL-1β secretions, the mechanisms remain unknown. We demonstrate that freeze-dried BM juice inhibits recruitment of Mφ into adipose tissue and its polarization to inflammatory phenotype possibly due to reduction of sphingokinase 1 (SPK1) mRNA in HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, reduction of IL-1β secretion by freeze-dried BM juice in the adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice is correlated to alleviation of NLRP3 inflammasome components and their downstream signaling targets. We confirm previous observations that BM inhibited inflammation of colon and gut microbial dysbiosis in HFD-fed mice, which in part may be associated with the observed anti-inflammatory effects in adipose tissue if HFD-fed mice. Overall, functional foods such as BM may offer potential dietary interventions that may impact sterile inflammatory diseases such as obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha V Nerurkar
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders and Alternative Medicine, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering (MBBE), College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR), University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Daniella Orias
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders and Alternative Medicine, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering (MBBE), College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR), University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Natasha Soares
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders and Alternative Medicine, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering (MBBE), College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR), University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Vivek R Nerurkar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology; Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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22
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Mastrogiovanni F, Mukhopadhya A, Lacetera N, Ryan MT, Romani A, Bernini R, Sweeney T. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Pomegranate Peel Extracts on In Vitro Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells and Ex Vivo Porcine Colonic Tissue Explants. Nutrients 2019; 11:E548. [PMID: 30841512 PMCID: PMC6471410 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory potential of pomegranate peel extracts (PPE) prepared from waste material of pomegranate juice production both in vitro on Caco-2 cells and ex vivo using porcine colonic tissue explants. Caco-2 cells were stimulated in vitro by TNF and colonic tissue explants were stimulated ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both tissues were co-treated with PPE at 0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10 and 25 μg/mL. The secretion of CXCL8 in the supernatant of both experiments was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the relative expression of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in the colonic tissue by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). The 2.5 to 25 μg/mL of PPE suppressed CXCL8 (p < 0.001) in the Caco-2 cells, whereas CXCL8 production was suppressed by only 5 and 25 μg/mL (p < 0.01) of PPE in the colonic explants. The 5 μg/mL of PPE also suppressed the expression of IL1A (p < 0.05), IL6 (p < 0.01) and CXCL8 (p < 0.05) in LPS challenged colonic tissues compared to controls. In conclusion, the 5 μg/mL of PPE consistently elicits strong anti-inflammatory activity. These results support the potential of bioactive compounds from the waste peel of pomegranate in terms of their anti-inflammatory activity in cells and tissues of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Mastrogiovanni
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Anindya Mukhopadhya
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Nicola Lacetera
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Marion T Ryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Annalisa Romani
- Department of Statistics, Computing, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), PHYTOLAB, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland.
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Simanovich E, Brod V, Rahat MA. Active Vaccination With EMMPRIN-Derived Multiple Antigenic Peptide (161-MAP) Reduces Angiogenesis in a Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-Induced Colitis Model. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2919. [PMID: 30619283 PMCID: PMC6295553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an autoimmune disease that affects the colon and shares many clinical and histological features with the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model in mice. Angiogenesis is a critical component in many autoimmune diseases, as well as in the DSS-induced colitis model, and is it partially mediated by EMMPRIN, a multifunctional protein that can induce the expression of both the potent pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We asked whether targeting EMMPRIN by active vaccination, using a novel, specific epitope in the protein, synthesized as a multiple antigenic peptide (MAP), could trigger beneficial effects in the DSS-induced colitic C57BL/6J mice. Mice were vaccinated with four boost injections (50 μg each) of either 161-MAP coding for the EMMPRIN epitope or the scrambled control peptide (Scr-MAP) emulsified in Freund's adjuvant. We show that male mice that were vaccinated with 161-MAP lost less weight, demonstrated improved disease activity indices (DAI), had reduced colitis histological score, and their colons were longer in comparison to mice vaccinated with the Scr-MAP. The 161-MAP vaccination also reduced serum and colon levels of EMMPRIN, colon concentrations of VEGF, MMP-9, and TGFβ, and vessel density assessed by CD31 staining. A similar effect was observed in female mice vaccinated with 161-MAP, including weight loss, colitis histological score, colon length, colon levels of EMMPRIN and colon concentrations of VEGF. However, for female mice, the changes in DAI values, EMMPRIN serum levels, and MMP-9 and TGFβ colon concentrations did not reach significance. We conclude that our strategy of alleviating autoimmunity in this model through targeting angiogenesis by actively vaccinating against EMMPRIN was successful and efficient in reducing angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera Brod
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal A Rahat
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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24
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Long-lasting immunosuppressive effects of tacrolimus-loaded micelle NK61060 in preclinical arthritis and colitis models. Ther Deliv 2018; 9:711-729. [PMID: 30277135 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2018-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Tacrolimus (TAC) is an important drug for inflammatory diseases. However, TAC has several limitations, such as variable trough concentrations among individuals and a high medication frequency. In this study, we created NK61060, a novel micellar TAC formulation, to circumvent these disadvantages. MATERIALS & METHODS Immunosuppressive activity of NK61060 was determined in the collagen-induced arthritis rat model, mannan-induced arthritis mouse model and dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis mouse model. The pharmacokinetics and toxicology of NK61060 were evaluated in those models. RESULTS In arthritis and colitis models, NK61060 exhibited superior immunosuppressive activity compared with that of TAC. Pharmacokinetic and toxicological analyses indicated that NK61060 had a wider safety margin and could be administered at a reduced medication frequency. CONCLUSION NK61060 mitigates the trough concentration variability and the medication frequency and it may be a safer and more effective option for use in clinical settings. Further studies are needed to determine its clinical usefulness.
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25
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Microbiota Normalization Reveals that Canonical Caspase-1 Activation Exacerbates Chemically Induced Intestinal Inflammation. Cell Rep 2018; 19:2319-2330. [PMID: 28614717 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes play a central role in regulating intestinal barrier function and immunity during steady state and disease. Because the discoveries of a passenger mutation and a colitogenic microbiota in the widely used caspase-1-deficient mouse strain have cast doubt on previously identified direct functions of caspase-1, we reassessed the role of caspase-1 in the intestine. To this end, we generated Casp1-/- and Casp11-/- mice and rederived them into an enhanced barrier facility to standardize the microbiota. We found that caspase-11 does not influence caspase-1-dependent processing of IL-18 in homeostasis and during DSS colitis. Deficiency of caspase-1, but not caspase-11, ameliorated the severity of DSS colitis independent of microbiota composition. Ablation of caspase-1 in intestinal epithelial cells was sufficient to protect mice against DSS colitis. Moreover, Casp1-/- mice developed fewer inflammation-induced intestinal tumors than control mice. These data show that canonical inflammasome activation controls caspase-1 activity, contributing to exacerbation of chemical-induced colitis.
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Bergamo P, Cocca E, Monaco A, Cozzolino V, Boscaino F, Ferrandino I, Maurano F, Rossi M. Protective effect of Rumenic acid rich cow's milk against colitis is associated with the activation of Nrf2 pathway in a murine model. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 125:14-23. [PMID: 28987717 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with pure cis9, trans11 isomer of Conjugated Linoleic Acid -known as Rumenic Acid (RA)- improves cytoprotective defenses downstream through the activation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2(Nrf2). This capability, when Rumenic Acid is consumed in the form of foods, is still unknown. The ability of standard (St) or cow milk naturally-enriched in RA (En) to activate Nrf2 pathway and its impact on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis was comparatively evaluated. Activity of Nrf2 pathway was investigated in colonic tissue of BALB/c mice, receiving 4-week supplement with skimmed milk (SK), St or St reinforced with pure RA (RSt) providing increasing RA dose (0, 124 or 404mg RA/kg-1 b.w, respectively). Next, the anti-oxidant/ anti-inflammatory effect produced by St or En treatment (383mg RA/kg-1 b.w.) was explored. Finally, macroscopic and histomorphologic features of colitis were evaluated in animals challenged with 5% (w/v) DSS, at the end of St or En treatment. Significant activation of Nrf2 pathway is associated with RSt and En intake (P<0.05), but not with SK or En treatment. En pre-treatment offers better protection, in comparison with St, against pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory signs (P<0.01) and macroscopic signs triggered by DSS. It can be concluded that Nrf2 activation by higher RA amount contained in En is, at least in part, responsible for the improved protection associated with En intake against DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bergamo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy.
| | - E Cocca
- Institute of Biosciences and Bio-resources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), Naples, Italy
| | - A Monaco
- Department of Biology, University "Federico II" of Naples, Italy
| | - V Cozzolino
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy
| | - F Boscaino
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy
| | - I Ferrandino
- Department of Biology, University "Federico II" of Naples, Italy
| | - F Maurano
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy
| | - M Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy
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27
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Wang L, Xie H, Xu L, Liao Q, Wan S, Yu Z, Lin D, Zhang B, Lv Z, Wu Z, Sun X. rSj16 Protects against DSS-Induced Colitis by Inhibiting the PPAR-α Signaling Pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:3446-3460. [PMID: 28912887 PMCID: PMC5596435 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epidemiologic studies and animal model experiments have shown that parasites have significant modulatory effects on autoimmune disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recombinant Sj16 (rSj16), a 16-kDa secreted protein of Schistosoma japonicum (S.japonicum) produced by Escherichia coli (E. coli), has been shown to have immunoregulatory effects in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of rSj16 on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Methods: DSS-induced colitis mice were treated with rSj16. Body weight loss, disease activity index (DAI), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity levels, colon lengths, macroscopic scores, histopathology findings, inflammatory cytokine levels and regulatory T cell (Treg) subset levels were examined. Moreover, the differential genes expression after treated with rSj16 were sequenced, analyzed and identified. Results: rSj16 attenuated clinical activity of DSS-induced colitis mice, diminished pro-inflammatory cytokine production, up-regulated immunoregulatory cytokine production and increased Treg percentages in DSS-induced colitis mice. Moreover, DSS-induced colitis mice treated with rSj16 displayed changes in the expression levels of specific genes in the colon and show the crucial role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPAR-α) signaling pathway. PPAR-α activation diminished the therapeutic effects of rSj16 in DSS-induced colitis mice, indicating that the PPAR-α signaling pathway plays a crucial role in DSS-induced colitis development. Conclusions: rSj16 has protective effects on DSS-induced colitis, effects mediated mainly by PPAR-α signaling pathway inhibition. The findings of this study suggest that rSj16 may be useful as a therapeutic agent and that PPAR-α may be a new therapeutic target in the treatment of IBD.
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Celiberto LS, Bedani R, Dejani NN, Ivo de Medeiros A, Sampaio Zuanon JA, Spolidorio LC, Tallarico Adorno MA, Amâncio Varesche MB, Carrilho Galvão F, Valentini SR, Font de Valdez G, Rossi EA, Cavallini DCU. Effect of a probiotic beverage consumption (Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707) in rats with chemically induced colitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175935. [PMID: 28437455 PMCID: PMC5402984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some probiotic strains have the potential to assist in relieving the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. The impact of daily ingestion of a soy-based product fermented by Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and Lactobacillus helveticus 416 with the addition of Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707 on chemically induced colitis has been investigated thereof within a period of 30 days. Methods Colitis was induced by dextran sulfate sodium. The animals were randomly assigned into five groups: Group C: negative control; Group CL: positive control; Group CLF: DSS with the fermented product; Group CLP: DSS with the non-fermented product (placebo); Group CLS: DSS with sulfasalazine. The following parameters were monitored: disease activity index, fecal microbial analyses, gastrointestinal survival of probiotic microorganisms and short-chain fatty acids concentration in the feces. At the end of the protocol the animals’ colons were removed so as to conduct a macroscopical and histopathological analysis, cytokines and nitrite quantification. Results Animals belonging to the CLF group showed fewer symptoms of colitis during the induction period and a lower degree of inflammation and ulceration in their colon compared to the CL, CLS and CLP groups (p<0.05). The colon of the animals in groups CL and CLS presented severe crypt damage, which was absent in CLF and CLP groups. A significant increase in the population of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. at the end of the protocol was verified only in the CLF animals (p<0.05). This group also showed an increase in short-chain fatty acids (propionate and acetate). Furthermore, the intestinal survival of E. faecium CRL 183 and B. longum ATCC 15707 in the CLF group has been confirmed by biochemical and molecular analyzes. Conclusions The obtained results suggest that a regular intake of the probiotic product, and placebo to a lesser extent, can reduce the severity of DSS-induced colitis on rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Sbaglia Celiberto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara. Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, SP, Brasil
| | - Raquel Bedani
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Naiara Naiana Dejani
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto. Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, SP, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, SP, Brasil
| | - Alexandra Ivo de Medeiros
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, SP, Brasil
| | - José Antonio Sampaio Zuanon
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia, Araraquara. Departametno de Fisiologia e Patologia, SP, Brasil
| | - Luis Carlos Spolidorio
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia, Araraquara. Departametno de Fisiologia e Patologia, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Angela Tallarico Adorno
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Engenharia, São Carlos. Departamento de Hidraúlica e Saneamento, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Fábio Carrilho Galvão
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, SP, Brasil
| | - Sandro Roberto Valentini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Elizeu Antonio Rossi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara. Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, SP, Brasil
| | - Daniela Cardoso Umbelino Cavallini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara. Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, SP, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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29
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Binder Gallimidi A, Nussbaum G, Hermano E, Weizman B, Meirovitz A, Vlodavsky I, Götte M, Elkin M. Syndecan-1 deficiency promotes tumor growth in a murine model of colitis-induced colon carcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174343. [PMID: 28350804 PMCID: PMC5369774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (Sdc1) is an important member of the cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan family, highly expressed by epithelial cells in adult organisms. Sdc1 is involved in the regulation of cell migration, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, growth-factor, chemokine and integrin activity, and implicated in inflammatory responses and tumorigenesis. Gastrointestinal tract represents an important anatomic site where loss of Sdc1 expression was reported both in inflammation and malignancy. However, the biological significance of Sdc1 in chronic colitis-associated tumorigenesis has not been elucidated. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to test the effects of Sdc1 loss on colorectal tumor development in inflammation-driven colon tumorigenesis. Utilizing a mouse model of colitis-related colon carcinoma induced by the carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM), followed by the inflammatory agent dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), we found that Sdc1 deficiency results in increased susceptibility to colitis-associated tumorigenesis. Importantly, colitis-associated tumors developed in Sdc1-defficient mice were characterized by increased local production of IL-6, activation of STAT3, as well as induction of several STAT3 target genes that act as important effectors of colonic tumorigenesis. Altogether, our results highlight a previously unknown effect of Sdc1 loss in progression of inflammation-associated cancer and suggest that decreased levels of Sdc1 may serve as an indicator of colon carcinoma progression in the setting of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Binder Gallimidi
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gabriel Nussbaum
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esther Hermano
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Barak Weizman
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amichay Meirovitz
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Muenster University, Medical Center, Muenster Germany
| | - Michael Elkin
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Ino S, Kohda C, Takeshima K, Ishikawa H, Norose T, Yamochi T, Takimoto M, Takahashi H, Tanaka K. Oral tolerance is inducible during active dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2016; 7:242-253. [PMID: 27158540 PMCID: PMC4848247 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v7.i2.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether oral tolerance is inducible during the active phase of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis.
METHODS: Colitis was induced in 6- to 8-wk-old female BALB/c mice by the administration of 2% DSS. To induce oral tolerance, mice that received water with DSS [DSS (+)] and mice that received autoclaved water [DSS (-)] were intragastrically (i.g.) administered ovalbumin (OVA) as a tolerogen before systemic challenge with OVA. Following this, serum levels of OVA-specific IgE antibodies were measured. In mice with active colitis, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cell and B10 cell frequencies were evaluated using flow cytometry. Cytokine mRNA expression profiles were evaluated by reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS: Regardless of the presence of DSS colitis, OVA-specific immunoglobulin E concentrations were significantly reduced in mice that were i.g. administered OVA compared to mice that were i.g. administered PBS [DSS (+): 4.4 (4.2-9.5) ng/mL vs 83.9 (66.1-123.2) ng/mL, P < 0.01; DSS (-): 27.7 (0.1-54.5) ng/mL vs 116.5 (80.6-213.6) ng/mL, P < 0.01]. These results demonstrated that oral tolerance was induced in both the presence and absence of colitis. In the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), the frequencies of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells and B10 cells, both of which are associated with oral tolerance, did not significantly change. In the spleen, interferon-γ mRNA expression significantly decreased in mice with colitis [DSS (+): 0.42 (0.31-0.53) vs DSS (-): 1.00 (0.84-1.39), P < 0.01]. The expression levels of other cytokines did not significantly change.
CONCLUSION: Oral tolerance is inducible during active DSS colitis. The stability of regulatory cell populations in the spleen and MLN in colitis might correlate with these results.
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β7-Integrin exacerbates experimental DSS-induced colitis in mice by directing inflammatory monocytes into the colon. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:527-38. [PMID: 26349655 PMCID: PMC4801899 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment is pivotal for the initiation and perpetuation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and controlled by the specificity and interactions of chemokines and adhesion molecules. Interactions of the adhesion molecules α4β7-integrin and mucosal addressin cell-adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) promote the accumulation of pathogenic T-cell populations in the inflamed intestine. We aimed to elucidate the significance of β7-integrin expression on innate immune cells for the pathogenesis of IBD. We demonstrate that β7-integrin deficiency protects recombination-activating gene-2 (RAG-2)-deficient mice from dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and coincides with decreased numbers of colonic effector monocytes. We also show that β7-integrin is expressed on most CD11b(+)CD64(low)Ly6C(+) bone marrow progenitors and contributes to colonic recruitment of these proinflammatory monocytes. Importantly, adoptive transfer of CD115(+) wild-type (WT) monocytes partially restored the susceptibility of RAG-2/β7-integrin double-deficient mice to DSS-induced colitis, thereby demonstrating the functional importance of β7-integrin-expressing monocytes for the development of DSS colitis. We also reveal that genetic ablation of MAdCAM-1 ameliorates experimental colitis in RAG-2-deficient mice as well. In summary, we demonstrate a previously unknown role of α4β7-integrin-MAdCAM-1 interactions as drivers of colitis by directing inflammatory monocytes into the colon.
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Márquez-Flores YK, Villegas I, Cárdeno A, Rosillo MÁ, Alarcón-de-la-Lastra C. Apigenin supplementation protects the development of dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine experimental colitis by inhibiting canonical and non-canonical inflammasome signaling pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 30:143-52. [PMID: 27012631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to elucidate the protective effects of dietary apigenin (API) enrichment in a chronic colitis model induced by DSS in mice. Inflammatory mediators and the possible role of canonical and non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways in the beneficial effects of API under chronic inflammatory conditions were also explored. Six-week-old mice were randomized in four dietary groups: sham and control groups received standard diet (SD), and other two groups were fed with API at 0.1%. After 30days, all groups except sham received 3% DSS in drinking water for 5days followed by a regime of 21days of water. Our results revealed that dietary API supplementation decreased the macroscopic and microscopic damage signs of colitis; also, it was capable to down-regulate mPGES, COX-2 and iNOS enzyme colonic expressions and to decrease serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-3) levels. Similarly, API diet reduced IL-1β and TNF-α proinflammatory cytokine secretions in primary LPS-stimulated splenocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that API anti-inflammatory activity was related with an inhibition of both canonical and non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome pathways by decreasing proinflammatory IL-1β and IL-18 cytokine levels as a consequence of regulation of cleaved caspase-1 and caspase-11 enzymes. We conclude that API supplement might provide a basis for developing a new dietary strategy for the prevention of chronic ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmín K Márquez-Flores
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n Col. Zacatenco, CP 07730, Mexico, DF, Mexico; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.
| | - Isabel Villegas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Cárdeno
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Rosillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Catalina Alarcón-de-la-Lastra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
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Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases, Markers, and Mediators: Role of CRP in Some Inflammatory Diseases. BIOLOGY OF C REACTIVE PROTEIN IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2016. [PMCID: PMC7122703 DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-2680-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Schwanke RC, Marcon R, Bento AF, Calixto JB. EPA- and DHA-derived resolvins' actions in inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 785:156-164. [PMID: 26325092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic diseases divided into two major forms, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, which are both associated with a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies have shown that the resolution of inflammatory conditions is a biosynthetically active process where new pro-resolution lipid mediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), such as E- and D-series resolvins, protectins, and macrophage mediator in resolving inflammation (maresins), have potent anti-inflammatory activity and serve as specialised mediators that play an important role in the resolution of inflammation. Recent studies have also shown the role of resolvins in referred hyperalgesia associated with different inflammatory processes, such as the visceral pain caused by inflammatory bowel disease. There are many reports describing the principal effects of EPA- and DHA-derived mediators in experimental models of inflammatory bowel diseases. This review focuses on the recent studies on the important role played by pro-resolution lipid mediators in controlling the inflammatory process associated with inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cristina Schwanke
- Centre of Innovation and Preclinical Studies (CIEnP), Av Luiz Boiteux Piazza 1302, Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88056-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Marcon
- Centre of Innovation and Preclinical Studies (CIEnP), Av Luiz Boiteux Piazza 1302, Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88056-000, Brazil
| | - Allisson Freire Bento
- Centre of Innovation and Preclinical Studies (CIEnP), Av Luiz Boiteux Piazza 1302, Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88056-000, Brazil
| | - João B Calixto
- Centre of Innovation and Preclinical Studies (CIEnP), Av Luiz Boiteux Piazza 1302, Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88056-000, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88049-900, Brazil.
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Elvington M, Schepp-Berglind J, Tomlinson S. Regulation of the alternative pathway of complement modulates injury and immunity in a chronic model of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:500-8. [PMID: 25293413 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of complement in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been studied primarily using acute models, and it is unclear how complement affects processes in more relevant chronic models of IBD in which modulation of adaptive immunity and development of fibrosis have pathogenic roles. Using mice deficient in C1q/mannose-binding lectin (MBL) or C3, we demonstrated an important role for these opsonins and/or the classical pathway C3 convertase in providing protection against mucosal injury and infection in a model of chronic dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. In contrast, deficiency of the alternative pathway (fB(-/-) mice) had significantly less impact on injury profiles. Consequently, the effect of a targeted inhibitor of the alternative pathway was investigated in a therapeutic protocol. Following the establishment of colitis, mice were treated with CR2-fH during subsequent periods of DSS treatment and acute injury (modelling relapse). CR2-fH significantly reduced complement activation, inflammation and injury in the colon, and additionally reduced fibrosis. Alternative pathway inhibition also altered the immune response in the chronic state in terms of reducing numbers of B cells, macrophages and mature dendritic cells in the lamina propria. This study indicates an important role for the alternative pathway of complement in the pathogenesis and the shaping of an immune response in chronic DSS-induced colitis, and supports further investigation into the use of targeted alternative pathway inhibition for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elvington
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Mukhopadhya A, Noronha N, Bahar B, Ryan MT, Murray BA, Kelly PM, O'Loughlin IB, O'Doherty JV, Sweeney T. The anti-inflammatory potential of a moderately hydrolysed casein and its 5 kDa fraction in in vitro and ex vivo models of the gastrointestinal tract. Food Funct 2015; 6:612-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00689e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides from milk can impart a wide range of physiological benefits without the allergies and intolerance associated with the consumption of whole milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Mukhopadhya
- School of Veterinary Medicine
- UCD
- Belfield
- Dublin
- Food for Health Ireland (FHI)
| | - N. Noronha
- School of Agriculture & Food Science
- UCD
- Belfield
- Dublin
- Food for Health Ireland (FHI)
| | - B. Bahar
- School of Veterinary Medicine
- UCD
- Belfield
- Dublin
| | - M. T. Ryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine
- UCD
- Belfield
- Dublin
| | - B. A. Murray
- Teagasc Food Research Centre
- Moorepark
- Fermoy
- Co. Cork
- Ireland
| | - P. M. Kelly
- Teagasc Food Research Centre
- Moorepark
- Fermoy
- Co. Cork
- Ireland
| | | | | | - T. Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine
- UCD
- Belfield
- Dublin
- Food for Health Ireland (FHI)
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Spisni E, Valerii MC, De Fazio L, Cavazza E, Borsetti F, Sgromo A, Candela M, Centanni M, Rizello F, Strillacci A. Cyclooxygenase-2 silencing for the treatment of colitis: a combined in vivo strategy based on RNA interference and engineered Escherichia coli. Mol Ther 2014; 23:278-89. [PMID: 25393372 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonpathogenic-invasive Escherichia coli (InvColi) bacteria are suitable for genetic transfer into mammalian cells and may act as a vehicle for RNA Interference (RNAi) in vivo. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), two inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine grouped as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We engineered InvColi strains for anti-COX-2 RNAi (InvColi(shCOX2)), aiming to investigate the in vivo feasibility of a novel COX-2 silencing strategy in a murine model of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Enema administrations of InvColi(shCOX2) in DSS-treated mice led to COX-2 downregulation, colonic mucosa preservation, reduced colitis disease activity index (DAI) and increased mice survival. Moreover, DSS/InvColi(shCOX2)-treated mice showed lower levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and a reduced colitis-associated shift of gut microbiota. Considering its effectiveness and safety, we propose our InvColi(shCOX2) strategy as a promising tool for molecular therapy in intestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Spisni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Biology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria C Valerii
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Biology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigia De Fazio
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Biology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Cavazza
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Biology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Borsetti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Biology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annamaria Sgromo
- 1] Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Biology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy [2] Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Centanni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fernando Rizello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Strillacci
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Biology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Okamura M, Yoh K, Ojima M, Morito N, Takahashi S. Overexpression of GATA-3 in T cells accelerates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Exp Anim 2014; 63:133-40. [PMID: 24770638 PMCID: PMC4160978 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.63.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease, and its pathogenesis includes
genetic, environmental, and immunological factors, such as T helper cells and their
secreted cytokines. T helper cells are classified as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. However, it
is unclear which T helper cells are important in UC. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced
colitis is a commonly used model of UC. In this study, we induced DSS colitis in Th1
dominant (T-bet transgenic (Tg)) mice, Th2 dominant (GATA-3 Tg) mice, and Th17 dominant
(RORγt Tg) mice to elucidate the roles of T helper cell in DSS colitis. The results showed
that GATA-3 Tg mice developed the most severe DSS colitis compared with the other groups.
GATA-3 Tg mice showed a significant decreased in weight from day 1 to day 7, and an
increased high score for the disease activity index compared with the other groups.
Furthermore, GATA-3 Tg mice developed many ulcers in the colon, and many neutrophils and
macrophages were detected on day 4 after DSS treatment. Measurement of GATA-3-induced
cytokines demonstrated that IL-13 was highly expressed in the colon from DSS-induced
GATA-3 Tg mice. In conclusion, GATA-3 overexpression in T-cells and IL-13 might play
important roles in the development of DSS colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Okamura
- Anatomy and Embryology, Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Rodrigues-Sousa T, Ladeirinha AF, Santiago AR, Carvalheiro H, Raposo B, Alarcão A, Cabrita A, Holmdahl R, Carvalho L, Souto-Carneiro MM. Deficient production of reactive oxygen species leads to severe chronic DSS-induced colitis in Ncf1/p47phox-mutant mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97532. [PMID: 24873968 PMCID: PMC4038546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colitis is a common clinical complication in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a primary immunodeficiency caused by impaired oxidative burst. Existing experimental data from NADPH-oxidase knockout mice propose contradictory roles for the involvement of reactive oxygen species in colitis chronicity and severity. Since genetically controlled mice with a point-mutation in the Ncf1 gene are susceptible to chronic inflammation and autoimmunity, we tested whether they presented increased predisposition to develop chronic colitis. METHODS Colitis was induced in Ncf1-mutant and wild-type mice by a 1st 7-days cycle of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), intercalated by a 7-days resting period followed by a 2nd 7-days DSS-cycle. Cytokines were quantified locally in the colon inflammatory infiltrates and in the serum. Leukocyte infiltration and morphological alterations of the colon mucosa were assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Clinical scores demonstrated a more severe colitis in Ncf1-mutant mice than controls, with no recovery during the resting period and a severe chronic colitis after the 2nd cycle, confirmed by histopathology and presence of infiltrating neutrophils, macrophages, plasmocytes and lymphocytes in the colon. Severe colitis was mediated by increased local expression of cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17A) and phosphorylation of Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). Serological cytokine titers of those inflammatory cytokines were more elevated in Ncf1-mutant than control mice, and were accompanied by systemic changes in functional subsets of monocytes, CD4+ T and B cells. CONCLUSION This suggests that an ineffective oxidative burst leads to severe chronic colitis through local accumulation of peroxynitrites, pro-inflammatory cytokines and lymphocytes and systemic immune deregulation similar to CGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Rodrigues-Sousa
- ImmunoMetabolic Pharmacology Group, CNC- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Ladeirinha
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Santiago
- Instituto Biomédico de Investigação da Luz e Imagem, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Carvalheiro
- ImmunoMetabolic Pharmacology Group, CNC- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Raposo
- Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Alarcão
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Cabrita
- Departamento de Patologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lina Carvalho
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. Margarida Souto-Carneiro
- ImmunoMetabolic Pharmacology Group, CNC- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Fazio LD, Cavazza E, Spisni E, Strillacci A, Centanni M, Candela M, Praticò C, Campieri M, Ricci C, Valerii MC. Longitudinal analysis of inflammation and microbiota dynamics in a model of mild chronic dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:2051-2061. [PMID: 24587679 PMCID: PMC3934475 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i8.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To characterize longitudinally the inflammation and the gut microbiota dynamics in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis.
METHODS: In animal models, the most common method used to trigger colitis is based on the oral administration of the sulfated polysaccharides DSS. The murine DSS colitis model has been widely adopted to induce severe acute, chronic or semi-chronic colitis, and has been validated as an important model for the translation of mice data to human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, it is now clear that models characterized by mild intestinal damage are more accurate for studying the effects of therapeutic agents. For this reason, we have developed a murine model of mild colitis to study longitudinally the inflammation and microbiota dynamics during the intestinal repair processes, and to obtain data suitable to support the recovery of gut microbiota-host homeostasis.
RESULTS: All plasma cytokines evaluated, except IL-17, began to increase (P < 0.05), after 7 d of DSS administration. IL-17 only began to increase 4 d after DSS withdrawal. IL-1β and IL-17 continue to increase during the recovery phase, even when clinical signs of colitis had disappeared. IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ reached their maxima 4 d after DSS withdrawal and decreased during the late recovery phase. TNFα reached a peak (a three- fold increase, P < 0.05), after which it slightly decreased, only to increase again close to the end of the recovery phase. DSS administration induced profound and rapid changes in the mice gut microbiota. After 3 d of DSS administration, we observed a major reduction in Bacteroidetes/Prevotella and a corresponding increase in Bacillaceae, with respect to control mice. In particular, Bacteroidetes/Prevotella decreased from a relative abundance of 59.42%-33.05%, while Bacillaceae showed a concomitant increase from 2.77% to 10.52%. Gut microbiota rapidly shifted toward a healthy profile during the recovery phase and returned normal 4 d after DSS withdrawal. Cyclooxygenase 2 expression started to increase 4 d after DSS withdrawal (P < 0.05), when dysbiosis had recovered, and continued to increase during the recovery phase. Taken together, these data indicated that a chronic phase of intestinal inflammation, characterized by the absence of dysbiosis, could be obtained in mice using a single DSS cycle.
CONCLUSION: Dysbiosis contributes to the local and systemic inflammation that occurs in the DSS model of colitis; however, chronic bowel inflammation is maintained even after recovery from dysbiosis.
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Marcon R, Bento AF, Dutra RC, Bicca MA, Leite DFP, Calixto JB. Maresin 1, a proresolving lipid mediator derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, exerts protective actions in murine models of colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4288-98. [PMID: 24038091 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been previously reported that dietary fish oils, which are rich in the polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, can exert beneficial effects in inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we investigated the effects of docosahexaenoic acid-derived lipid mediator maresin 1 (MaR1) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)- and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice. Systemic treatment with MaR1 significantly attenuated both DSS- and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colonic inflammation by improving the disease activity index and reducing body weight loss and colonic tissue damage. MaR1 treatment also induced a significant decrease in levels of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ, in the acute protocol, as well as IL-1β and IL-6, but not TNF-α and INF-γ, in the chronic DSS colitis protocol. Additionally, MaR1 decreased ICAM-1 mRNA expression in both the acute and chronic protocols of DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of MaR1 seem to be associated with inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, incubation of LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophage cultures with MaR1 reduced neutrophil migration and reactive oxygen species production, besides decreasing IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and INF-γ production. Interestingly, macrophages incubated only with MaR1 showed a significant upregulation of mannose receptor C, type 1 mRNA expression, an M2 macrophage phenotype marker. These results indicate that MaR1 consistently protects mice against different models of experimental colitis, possibly by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and consequently multiple inflammatory mediators, as well as by enhancing the macrophage M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Marcon
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88049-900, Brazil
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Giner E, Recio MC, Ríos JL, Giner RM. Oleuropein protects against dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic colitis in mice. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:1113-1120. [PMID: 23758110 DOI: 10.1021/np400175b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effect of oleuropein (1), the major phenolic secoiridoid in Olea europaea, was evaluated in an experimental model of chronic colitis in mice. Animals were exposed to four repeated cycles of dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water followed by a 7-day rest period. Animals receiving a standard diet supplemented with 0.25% of 1 (equivalent to 500 mg/kg/day) for 56 days exhibited a decrease of inflammatory symptoms, as reflected by improvement of disease activity index and histopathological changes. It was found that 1 decreased inflammatory cell recruitment and the release of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 with increased IL-10 levels in colon tissue. Colon expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase was reduced significantly by 1. The anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of 1 was associated with the suppression of the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and might be mediated by up-regulation of annexin A1. In addition, 1 ameliorated intestinal wound healing in IEC-18 monolayers. Therefore, oleuropein seems to be a promising active molecule in experimental ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giner
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València , Burjassot, Spain
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Matos I, Bento AF, Marcon R, Claudino RF, Calixto JB. Preventive and therapeutic oral administration of the pentacyclic triterpene α,β-amyrin ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice: the relevance of cannabinoid system. Mol Immunol 2013; 54:482-92. [PMID: 23454360 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The pentacyclic triterpene α,β-amyrin has been previously reported as an effective compound in the treatment of several inflammatory conditions. Recent evidence indicates that α,β-amyrin displayed its effects through interaction with the cannabinoid pathway. We assessed the anti-inflammatory effects of the α,β-amyrin in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and investigated whether its effects were associated with the interaction with the cannabinoid system. Our results showed that the oral preventive or therapeutic treatment with α,β-amyrin significantly reduced disease activity, body weight loss, colonic damage, as well as colonic myeloperoxidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase activities. Moreover, α,β-amyrin decreases the colonic pro-inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (CXCL1/KC), while up-regulating the IL-4 levels. Additionally, we also observed that the α,β-amyrin caused a significant reduction of the adhesion molecules mRNA expression for intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), platelet cell adhesion molecule 1 (PCAM-1), β(2)-integrin and protein expression for proliferation marker Ki67, the macrophage molecule CD68 and for adhesion molecule P-selectin. Interestingly, our results also showed that the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB(1)), but not CB(2), pharmacological blockade significantly reversed the beneficial effects of α,β-amyrin in DSS-induced colitis. Besides, our data demonstrated that mRNA expression for both the endocannabinoid hydrolase monoglyceride lipase 1 (MGL1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) were significantly reduced in the colon of α,β-amyrin-treated mice. Altogether, these results suggest that the α,β-amyrin might possess potential therapeutic interest for the treatment of IBD, and also provide new insights for the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Matos
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88049-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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