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Zhang Y, Hu F, Li H, Duan Q, Pi Y, Li Y, Zhang H. Longitudinal skeletal growth and growth plate morphological characteristics of chondro-tissue specific CUL7 knockout mice. Ann Anat 2024; 253:152224. [PMID: 38367951 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3 M syndrome is first reported in 1975,which characterized by severe pre- and postnatal growth retardation, skeletal malformation and facial dysmorphism. These three genes (CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8) have been identified to be respond for 3 M syndrome, of which CUL7 is accounting for approximately 70%. To date, the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of 3 M syndrome remains poorly understood. Previous studies showed that no Cul7-/- mice could survive after birth, because of growth retardation at late gestational stage and respiratory distress after birth. The establishment of the animal model of cartilage specific Cul7 knockout mice (Cul7fl/fl;Col2a1-CreERT2 mice) has confirmed that Cul7fl/fl;Col2a1-CreERT2 mice can be selective in a time- and tissue-dependent manner, which can provide an experimental basis for further research on severe genetic diseases related to growth plates. OBJECTIVE To establish a model of Cul7fl/fl;Col2a1-CreERT2 mice based on Cre/LoxP system, and to further observe its phenotype and morphological changes in growth plate. METHODS The Cul7fl/fl;Col2a1-CreERT2 mice were taken as the experimental group, while the genotype of Cul7fl/+;Col2a1-CreERT2 mice were used as the control group. The gross morphological features and X-ray films of limbs in the two groups were observed every week for 3-6 consecutive weeks, and the length of the mice from nose to the tail, the length of femur and tibia were recorded. In the meantime, The histological morphology of tibial growth plates was compared between the two groups. RESULTS A preliminary model of Cul7fl/fl;Col2a1-CreERT2 mice was established. The Cul7fl/fl;Col2a1-CreERT2 mice had abnormally short and deformed limbs (P<0.05), increased thickness of growth plate, the disorderly arranged chondrocyte columns, decreased number of cells in the proliferation zone, changes in the shape from flat to round, obviously expanded extracellular matrix, and disordered arrangement, thickening and loosening of bone trabecula at the proximal metaphysis of the femur. CONCLUSIONS The knockout of Cul7 gene may affect both the proliferation of chondrocytes and the endochondral osteogenesis, confirming that Cul7 is essential for the normal development of bone in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Department of pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Fangrui Hu
- Department of pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Qinli Duan
- Department of pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Yalei Pi
- Department of pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Yuqian Li
- Department of pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Huifeng Zhang
- Department of pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 of Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
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Luo MR, Dai SM, Li Y, Wang Q, Liu H, Gao P, Liu JY, Chen J, Zhao SJ, Yin GY. 3M syndrome patient with a novel mutation: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:1454-1460. [PMID: 38576808 PMCID: PMC10989460 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i8.1454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder, 3M syndrome, is characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation. Children with 3M syndrome typically exhibit short stature, facial deformities, long tubular bones, and high vertebral bodies but generally lack mental abnormalities or other organ damage. Pathogenic genes associated with 3M syndrome include CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8. The clinical and molecular characteristics of patient with 3M syndrome are unique and serve as important diagnostic indicators. CASE SUMMARY In this case, the patient displayed square shoulders, scoliosis, long slender tubular bones, and normal neurological development. Notably, the patient did not exhibit the typical dysmorphic facial features, relative macrocephaly, or growth retardation commonly observed in individuals with 3M syndrome. Whole exon sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous c.56681+1G>C (Splice-3) variant and a previously reported nonsense heterozygous c.3341G>A (p.Trp1114Ter) variant of OBSL1. Therefore, it is important to note that the clinical features of 3M syndrome may not always be observable, and genetic confirmation is often required. Additionally, the identification of the c.5683+1G>C variant in OBSL1 is noteworthy because it has not been previously reported in public databases. CONCLUSION Our study identified a new variant (c.5683+1G>C) of OBSL1 that contributes to expanding the molecular profile of 3M syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ran Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Si-Ming Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia-Yun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu-Jie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guo-Yong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
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Wang X, He Y, Wang X, Kong X, Lin Y, Yao Y, Huang Y. Prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetics testing of 3M syndrome in a Chinese family with novel biallelic variants of CUL7. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2284. [PMID: 37877343 PMCID: PMC10767403 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3M syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive developmental disorder characterized by pre and postnatal growth deficiency, dysmorphic facial features, and normal intelligence. 3M syndrome should be suspected in a proband with a combination of characteristic or recognizable dysmorphic features. The diagnosis of 3M syndrome could be confirmed by identifying biallelic variants in CUL7, OBSL1, or CCDC8. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify genetic causes. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect aberrant splicing events. Haplotypes were constructed using multiplex PCR and sequencing. Variants of the parental haplotype and target likely pathogenic variants were detected by PCR and Sanger sequencing from the embryos. Copy number variant (CNV) detection was performed by next-generation sequencing. RESULTS We present the case of a nonconsanguineous Chinese couple with one abnormal pregnancy, where the fetus showed 3M phenotypes of shortened long bones. WES identified two novel heterozygous mutations in CUL7: NM_014780.5:c.354del (p.Gln119ArgfsTer52) and NM_014780.5:c.1373-15G>A. RT-PCR from RNA of the mother's peripheral blood leucocytes showed that c.1373-15G>A caused the insertion of a 13-bp extra intron sequence and encoded the mutant p.Leu459ProfsTer25. Both variants were classified as likely pathogenic according to ACMG/AMP guidelines and Clinical Genome Resource specifications. During genetic counseling, the options of prenatal diagnosis through chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis, adoption, sperm donation, and electing not to reproduce, as well as preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M), were discussed. The couple hopes to conceive a child of their own and refused to accept the 25% risk during the next pregnancy and opted for PGT-M. They finally successfully delivered a healthy baby through PGT-M. CONCLUSION This study expanded the mutation spectrum of CUL7, detected the aberrant splicing event of CUL7 via RT-PCR, constructed the haplotype for PGT-M, and demonstrated the successful delivery of a healthy baby using PGT-M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Wang
- Department of Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis CenterAffiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsuChina
- Nantong Institute of Genetics and Reproductive MedicineAffiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsuChina
| | - Yaqiong He
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive GeneticsShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Center for Reproductive MedicineAffiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsuChina
| | - Xiangtian Kong
- Department of Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis CenterAffiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsuChina
| | - Yunying Lin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive GeneticsShanghaiChina
| | - Yejie Yao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive GeneticsShanghaiChina
| | - Yi Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive GeneticsShanghaiChina
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Karacan Küçükali G, Keskin M, Aycan Z, Savaş-Erdeve Ş, Çetinkaya S. 3M syndrome: Evaluating the clinical and laboratory features and the response of the growth hormone treatment: Single center experience. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104828. [PMID: 37673300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVE 3 M Syndrome is a rarely encountered autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by low birth weight, severe postnatal growth deficiency, and minor dysmorphic abnormalities. 3 M-related short stature has been attributed to the resistance to growth hormone (GH) to a certain extent rather than to GH deficiency. The resistance to GH, on the other hand, has been associated with impaired protein scaffolding, transport, and p53-mediated apoptosis at the IGF-1 post-receptor pathway. In this context, the objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical, laboratory, and genetic characteristics of the patients with 3 M syndrome, detect the mutations frequently observed in these patients, and assess their response to GH treatment. MATERIAL&METHODS The sample of this single-center study consisted of patients diagnosed with 3 M syndrome based on genetic tests between 2007 and 2021. Patients' clinic, laboratory, and genetic characteristics pertaining to the time of admission and follow-up were recorded. All patients except one underwent a growth hormone stimulation test (GHST) (Levo-dopa or insulin tolerance test). Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) generation test was performed on those with sufficient GHST results (0.1 mg/kg/day for four days). RESULTS The median age of the patients, five females and three males, was 2.8 (0.25-8.12) years at admission. All but one patient were small for gestational age (SGA). The patient with normal birth weight was the baby of a diabetic mother. Obscurin-like 1 (OBSL1) variant was detected in all cases. The median height standard deviation score (SDS) at admission was -4.94 ((-5.63)- (-3.27)) SDS, and the median midparenteral height SDS was -1.27 SDS ((-3.1)- (0.34)). All patients were prepubertal at admission. The GHST response was sufficient in five cases. IGF generation test was performed in three cases. Seven patients received GH therapy (35-57 μg/kg/day). Five of these patients discontinued GH therapy since their growth velocity (GV) fell below normal during treatment. In addition, one case discontinued GH therapy because her IGF-1 value was>2 SDS, and another case received gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs together with GH therapy. The median age and height SDS of the patients were 10.1 (1.79-18) years and -5.09 SDS ((-7.11)- (2.45)), respectively, as of the last follow-up visit. The height SDS values of the two cases that reached the final height were -7.11 SDS and -3.39 SDS. There were no side effects of GH treatment. CONCLUSION The study findings indicated a good GV during the early stages of the long-term GH treatment administered to patients with 3 M syndrome. However, response to GH therapy decreased in the following years, and the desired improvement in height SDS could not be achieved in patients who reached their final heights. Taken together with the literature data, it has been concluded that initiating GH therapy in the prepubertal period provided better outcomes than after puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülin Karacan Küçükali
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity, Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Melikşah Keskin
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity, Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zehra Aycan
- Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şenay Savaş-Erdeve
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity, Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semra Çetinkaya
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity, Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
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Xu N, Liu K, Yang Y, Li X, Zhong Y. Chinese patients with 3M syndrome: clinical manifestations and two novel pathogenic variants. Front Genet 2023; 14:1164936. [PMID: 37719700 PMCID: PMC10501862 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1164936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: 3M syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease, characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, facial dysmorphism, large head circumference, and skeletal changes, has rarely been reported in the Chinese population. Methods: We describe the clinical manifestations and gene variants in four sporadic cases of 3M syndrome in Chinese individuals from different families. Results: All cases had significant growth retardation, relative macrocephaly, and typical facial features. Exome sequencing revealed that two patients with 3M syndrome had homozygous variants of the CUL7 gene: one novel pathogenic variant and one previously reported pathogenic variant; the other two patients were heterozygous for variants in OBSL1, one of which had not been reported previously. Clinical evaluation indicated that these Chinese patients with 3M syndrome shared similar recognizable features with those reported in patients of other ethnic backgrounds, but not all patients with 3M syndrome in this study had normal development milestones. Two patients underwent recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy and showed accelerated growth in the first 2 years; however, the growth rate slowed in the third year in one case. There were no obvious adverse reactions during rhGH treatment. Conclusion: We report one novel CUL7 and one novel OBSL1 mutation in patients with 3M syndrome. Children with short stature, specific facial features, and physical symptoms should be referred for genetic testing to obtain precise diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The effects of rhGH treatment on adult height requires long-term observation and study in a large sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningan Xu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Hunan Children’s Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Laboratory of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Hunan Children’s Hospital Changsha, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kangxiang Liu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Hunan Children’s Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongjia Yang
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children’s Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children’s Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Radiology, Hunan Children’s Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Child Healthcare, Hunan Children’s Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Laboratory of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Hunan Children’s Hospital Changsha, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Ceylan A, Tekdemir IE, Kocak N, Chinn IK, Orange JS, Artac H. Case report: Artemis deficiency and 3M syndrome-coexistence of two distinct genetic disorders. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1211254. [PMID: 37520055 PMCID: PMC10373501 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1211254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of two different genetic conditions in the same individual is possible, especially in populations with consanguinity. In this case report, we present the coexistence of Artemis deficiency (OMIM 602450) and Three M (3M) syndrome (OMIM 273750). A 10-months-old male patient with neuromotor developmental delay was evaluated for immunodeficiency due to recurrent respiratory infections diarrhea and oral moniliasis from the age of 1.5 months. He had facial dysmorphism with rotated ears, flat nose and hypertelorism. Neurological examination revealed generalized hypotonia and mental motor delay. Immunological screening of the patient demonstrated mild lymphopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, reduced number of CD3+ T cells (980 cells/mm3) and CD19+ B cells (35 cells/mm3). He was diagnosed with leaky T-B-NK+ SCID. Exome sequence analysis showed the presence of a homozygous pathogenic DCLRE1C variant [c.194C > T; p.T65I (NM_001033855)] and a homozygous pathogenic variant in OBSL1, a gene associated with 3M syndrome [c.3922C > T; p.R1308X (NM_001173431)]. Our proband died of sepsis and multiple organ failure. This case illustrates that different clinical findings in patients might not be explained with a single genetic defect, and consanguinity increases the change for coexistence of autosomal recessive diseases. Clinicians should consider exome sequencing to identify disease-causing mutations in patients with heterogeneity of clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Ceylan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ilyas Emre Tekdemir
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nadir Kocak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ivan Kingyue Chinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jordan Scott Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University, NY, United States
| | - Hasibe Artac
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Akalın A, Şimşek-Kiper PÖ, Taşkıran E, Utine GE, Boduroğlu K. Typical Face, Developmental Delay, and Hearing Loss in a Patient with 3M Syndrome: The Co-Occurrence of Two Rare Conditions. Mol Syndromol 2023; 13:537-542. [PMID: 36660029 PMCID: PMC9843558 DOI: 10.1159/000524703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction 3M syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by characteristic facial features, severe pre- and postnatal growth restriction (<-4 SDS), and normal mental development. 3M syndrome is genetically heterogeneous. Up to date, causative mutations have been demonstrated in 3 genes, cullin-7 (CUL7), obscurin-like 1 (OBSL1), and coiled coil domain containing protein 8 (CCDC8). Case presentation Here, we report a patient who was referred to our clinic due to short stature and developmental delay. Physical examination revealed prenatal onset short stature, low birth weight, and normal head circumference. She displayed several dysmorphic facial features in addition to developmental delay and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. The physical findings were suggestive of 3M syndrome. Genetic assessment revealed a novel homozygous frameshift c.418_419delAC (p.Thr140Cysfs*11) variant in the CUL7 gene and a previously reported pathogenic nonsense homozygous c.942C>A (p.Cys314Ter) variant in the ILDR1 gene. The parents were heterozygous for the same variant. Discussion 3M syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with short stature and typical facial features even if in the presence of other inconsistent features such as developmental delay. In addition, it is important to take into account the co-occurrence of rare autosomal recessive genetic disorders especially in countries with a high consanguineous marriage rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akçahan Akalın
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey,*Akçahan Akalın,
| | - Pelin Ö. Şimşek-Kiper
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ekim Taşkıran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülen E. Utine
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Koray Boduroğlu
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Hopf LVM, Baek K, Klügel M, von Gronau S, Xiong Y, Schulman BA. Structure of CRL7 FBXW8 reveals coupling with CUL1-RBX1/ROC1 for multi-cullin-RING E3-catalyzed ubiquitin ligation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:854-862. [PMID: 35982156 PMCID: PMC9507964 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Most cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) form homologous assemblies between a neddylated cullin-RING catalytic module and a variable substrate-binding receptor (for example, an F-box protein). However, the vertebrate-specific CRL7FBXW8 is of interest because it eludes existing models, yet its constituent cullin CUL7 and F-box protein FBXW8 are essential for development, and CUL7 mutations cause 3M syndrome. In this study, cryo-EM and biochemical analyses reveal the CRL7FBXW8 assembly. CUL7’s exclusivity for FBXW8 among all F-box proteins is explained by its unique F-box-independent binding mode. In CRL7FBXW8, the RBX1 (also known as ROC1) RING domain is constrained in an orientation incompatible with binding E2~NEDD8 or E2~ubiquitin intermediates. Accordingly, purified recombinant CRL7FBXW8 lacks auto-neddylation and ubiquitination activities. Instead, our data indicate that CRL7 serves as a substrate receptor linked via SKP1–FBXW8 to a neddylated CUL1–RBX1 catalytic module mediating ubiquitination. The structure reveals a distinctive CRL–CRL partnership, and provides a framework for understanding CUL7 assemblies safeguarding human health. The cryo-EM structure of CRL7FBXW8 shows that CUL7–RBX1 binds FBXW8–SKP1 in an F-box-independent manner. Bridged by FBXW8–SKP1, CRL7FBXW8 forms a multi-cullin E3 ligase complex with neddylated CUL1–RBX1, which ubiquitinates a substrate recruited to CUL7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus V M Hopf
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kheewoong Baek
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maren Klügel
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Susanne von Gronau
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yue Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Cullgen Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brenda A Schulman
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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9
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Akella RRD. 3-M syndrome - a primordial short stature disorder with novel CUL7 mutation in two Indian patients. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:399-403. [PMID: 34674409 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cause of short stature in children. CASE PRESENTATION Two children with suspected skeletal dysplasia and short stature were evaluated. CONCLUSIONS The 3-M syndrome is a primordial growth disorder manifesting severe postnatal growth restriction, skeletal anomalies and prominent fleshy heels. The 3-M syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous disorder and the phenotype is similar. This is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with normal intellect. Two affected children have been identified by whole-exome sequencing. One patient harboured a compound heterozygous variant and the other was a homozygous missense variant. The genetic diagnosis helped in counselling the families and facilitated prenatal diagnosis in one (case 1) family.
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10
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Khachnaoui-Zaafrane K, Ouertani I, Zanati A, Kandara H, Maazoul F, Mrad R. 3M syndrome: A Tunisian seven-cases series. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104448. [PMID: 35150935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
3M syndrome (3MS) is a rare autosomal recessive primordial growth disorder characterized by a severe pre- and post-natal growth deficiency, minor dysmorphisms and skeletal abnormalities, contrasting with normal intellect and endocrine function. Three different genes have been so far involved in the disease, with mutations in CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8. The CUL7 gene mutations are accountable for 77,5% of the genetically confirmed patients, with a founder mutation identified in exon 24 for the Maghreb families. The follow up is mainly orthopedic with possible GH-based treatment. The objective of this report was to carry out a clinical analysis of a series of Tunisian patients with features evoking 3MS and to perform a molecular analysis of the CLU7 exon 24. We carried out a descriptive retrospective study including Tunisian patients who consulted at the congenital disorders and hereditary diseases department of Charles Nicolle's hospital, Tunis, Tunisia, for intra-uterine onset growth retardation with normal intellect. We selected the patients having characteristic 3MS facial dysmorphia. The molecular analysis of the CUL7 exon 24 was performed using PCR and Sanger sequencing searching the founder mutation c.4451_4452delTG. Seven patients were included in this study. Consanguinity was noted for four families. The mean age at the first consult was 2.5 years. All the patients had an intra-uterine onset growth retardation with a preserved head circumference. All patients presented facial dysmorphia of 3MS, with a prominent forehead (7/7), a triangular face (6/7), an underdeveloped midface (7/7), a fleshy tipped nose (5/7), anteverted nares (6/7), a long philtrum (7/7) and full lips (4/7). All the patients presented skeletal abnormalities with various severities such as lumbar lordosis, hyperextensible joints, short thorax, square shoulders, hip dislocation, and prominent heels. Less frequent features were noted such as spina bifida occulta in one case, and single transverse palmar crease in 4 cases. One GH treatment response was reported. The molecular genetic analysis of the CUL7 gene (exon 24) revealed the founder mutation for all the patients which reinforces the hypothesis of founder effect for 3MS in the Tunisian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Khachnaoui-Zaafrane
- Department of Hereditary and Congenital Disorders, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Medical Genetics, Nice Teaching Hospital, France.
| | - Ines Ouertani
- Department of Hereditary and Congenital Disorders, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tunis El-Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amira Zanati
- Department of Hereditary and Congenital Disorders, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Kandara
- National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Department of Endocrinology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Faouzi Maazoul
- Department of Hereditary and Congenital Disorders, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Mrad
- Department of Hereditary and Congenital Disorders, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tunis El-Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
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11
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Natural history of facial and skeletal features from neonatal period to adulthood in a 3M syndrome cohort with biallelic CUL7 or OBSL1 variants. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104346. [PMID: 34597859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
3M syndrome is characterized by severe pre- and post-natal growth restriction, typical face, slender tubular bones, tall vertebral bodies, prominent heels and normal intelligence. It is caused by biallelic variants of CUL7, OBSL1 and, more rarely, CCDC8. The aim of this study is to evaluate facial and skeletal findings in 3M patients from neonatal period to adulthood. A total of 19 patients with a median age of diagnosis of 9.2 months were included in this study and were followed for two to 20 years. CUL7 and OBSL1 variants were found in 57.9% and 42.1% of patients, respectively, five of which are novel. Most of patients had triangular face, frontal bossing, short fleshy nose, full fleshy lower lip, transverse groove of rib cage, hyperlordosis and prominent heels. Three new early-diagnostic signs were observed in infants; two were infraorbital swelling of the lower lid and facial infantile hemangioma, both of which became less pronounced with aging. The third was the central tubercle of the upper lip that became more prominent with in time. While slender long bones did not change with aging, the tall vertebral bodies became more prominent radiologically. The mean birth length in patients was -4.3 SDS. Eight patients reached a mean final height of -4.9 SDS. Despite described growth hormone (GH) insensitivity in 3M syndrome, 12 patients either with GH deficiency or with normal GH levels were treated with GH; seven patients responded with an increase in height SDS. This study not only provided early diagnostic signs of the syndrome, but also presented important follow-up findings.
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12
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Leitao Braga B, Lisboa Gomes N, Nishi MY, Freire BL, Batista RL, D Faria Junior JA, Funari MFA, Figueredo Benedetti AF, de Moraes Narcizo A, Cavalca Cardoso L, Lerario AM, Guerra-Junior G, Frade Costa EM, Domenice S, Jorge AAL, Mendonca BB. Variants in 46,XY DSD-Related Genes in Syndromic and Non-Syndromic Small for Gestational Age Children with Hypospadias. Sex Dev 2021; 16:27-33. [PMID: 34518484 DOI: 10.1159/000518091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypospadias is a common congenital disorder of male genital formation. Children born small for gestational age (SGA) present a high frequency of hypospadias of undetermined etiology. No previous study investigated the molecular etiology of hypospadias in boys born SGA using massively parallel sequencing. Our objective is to report the genetic findings of a cohort of patients born SGA with medium or proximal hypospadias. We identified 46 individuals with this phenotype from a large cohort of 46,XY DSD patients, including 5 individuals with syndromic features. DNA samples from subjects were studied by either whole exome sequencing or target gene panel approach. Three of the syndromic patients have 5 main clinical features of Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) and were first studied by MLPA. Among the syndromic patients, loss of DNA methylation at the imprinting control region H19/IGF2 was identified in 2 individuals with SRS clinical diagnosis. Two novel pathogenic variants in compound heterozygous state were identified in the CUL7 gene establishing the diagnosis of 3M syndrome in one patient, and a novel homozygous variant in TRIM37 was identified in another boy with Mulibrey nanism phenotype. Among the non-syndromic subjects, 7 rare heterozygous variants were identified in 6 DSD-related genes. However, none of the variants found can explain the phenotype by themselves. In conclusion, a genetic defect that clarifies the etiology of hypospadias was not found in most of the non-syndromic SGA children, supporting the hypothesis that multifactorial causes, new genes, and/or unidentified epigenetic defects may have an influence in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Leitao Braga
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento - LIM/42, Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Lisboa Gomes
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento - LIM/42, Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian Y Nishi
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento - LIM/42, Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna L Freire
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento - LIM/42, Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael L Batista
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento - LIM/42, Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose A D Faria Junior
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento - LIM/42, Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana F A Funari
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento - LIM/42, Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna F Figueredo Benedetti
- Laboratorio de Sequenciamento em Larga Escala (SELA), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Moraes Narcizo
- Laboratorio de Sequenciamento em Larga Escala (SELA), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lais Cavalca Cardoso
- Laboratorio de Sequenciamento em Larga Escala (SELA), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elaine M Frade Costa
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento - LIM/42, Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sorahia Domenice
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento - LIM/42, Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander A L Jorge
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento - LIM/42, Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Berenice B Mendonca
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento - LIM/42, Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Yang M, Patni N. Effect of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor 1 therapy in a child with 3-M syndrome-1 with CUL7 gene mutation. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:1609-1612. [PMID: 32924381 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 3-M syndrome is characterized by severe short stature, syndromic features, and characteristic radiographic findings. Growth hormone (GH) has been used with variable success. Recombinant human insulin like growth factor-1 (rhIGF-1) has never been utilized. CASE PRESENTATION We describe a child with severe growth retardation, macrocephaly, and skeletal abnormalities with evidence of GH insensitivity subsequently treated with rhIGF-1. He developed morbid obesity and comorbidities including voracious appetite, acanthosis nigricans, tonsillar hypertrophy, and severe obstructive sleep apnea with minimal height improvement. Genetic testing done at 11.5 years revealed a compound heterozygous mutation (c.2112G>A(p.W704X) and c.2559delC) in the CUL7 gene consistent with 3-M syndrome-1. rhIGF-1 therapy was discontinued. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights the novel use of rhIGF-1 therapy on a child with 3-M syndrome-1 with minimal height benefit but accelerated weight gain and serves as a reminder of the importance of re-evaluating therapy efficacy and side effect profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nivedita Patni
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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14
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Isik E, Arican D, Atik T, Ooi JE, Darcan S, Ozen S, Simsek Kiper PO, Utine E, Cogulu O, Ozkinay F. A rare cause of syndromic short stature: 3M syndrome in three families. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:461-468. [PMID: 33258289 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
3M syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by severe growth retardation, dysmorphic facial features, skeletal dysplasia, and normal intelligence. Variants in CUL7, OBSL1, and CCDC8 genes have been reported to be responsible for this syndrome. In this study, the clinical and molecular findings of four 3M syndrome cases from three families are presented. All cases had growth retardation, relative macrocephaly, and typical dysmorphic facial features. Their neurological developments were normal. Sequencing of CUL7, OBSL1, and CCDC8 genes revealed two different novel homozygous variants in CUL7 in Families 1 and 3 and a previously reported homozygous pathogenic variant in OBSL1 in Family 2. In conclusion, a comprehensive dysmorphological evaluation should be obtained in individuals presenting with short stature and in such individuals with typical facial and skeletal findings, 3M syndrome should be considered. Our report expands the genotype of 3M syndrome and emphasizes the importance of thorough physical and dysmorphological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Isik
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Arican
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tahir Atik
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Joo Enn Ooi
- University of Manchester, School of Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Sukran Darcan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Samim Ozen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Eda Utine
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Cogulu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ferda Ozkinay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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15
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Lee IK, Lim HH, Kim YM. The Effect of Combined Growth Hormone and a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Therapy on Height in Korean 3-M Syndrome Siblings. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:981-985. [PMID: 33107243 PMCID: PMC7593105 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.11.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
3-M syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive growth disorder characterized by severe growth retardation, low birth weight, characteristic facial features, and skeletal anomalies, for which three causative genes (CUL7, OBSL1, and CCDC8) have been identified. We herein report two Korean siblings with 3-M syndrome caused by two novel OBSL1 mutations, and describe the effect of a combined treatment with growth hormone (GH) and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist. A 7-year-old girl with short stature (-3.37 standard deviation score, SDS) and breast budding presented with subtle dysmorphic features, including macrocephaly, frontal bossing, a triangular face, prominent philtrum, full lips, a short neck, and fifth-finger clinodactyly. GnRH stimulation test revealed a pubertal pattern and advanced bone age of 8 years and 10 months. Her older sister, aged 10 years and 9 months, had experienced an early menarche, and had an advanced bone age (13.5 years) and predicted adult height of 142 cm (-4.04 SDS). Targeted exome sequencing identified that the siblings had two heteroallelic mutations in OBSL1. Both siblings underwent a combination therapy with GH and a GnRH agonist. A height gain was noted in both siblings even after short-term treatment. To fully elucidate the effects of the combined therapy, a larger cohort should be analyzed following a longer treatment period. However, such an analysis would be challenging due to the rarity of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Kyung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Han Hyuk Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yoo Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Korea.
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16
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Blondelle J, Biju A, Lange S. The Role of Cullin-RING Ligases in Striated Muscle Development, Function, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7936. [PMID: 33114658 PMCID: PMC7672578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The well-orchestrated turnover of proteins in cross-striated muscles is one of the fundamental processes required for muscle cell function and survival. Dysfunction of the intricate protein degradation machinery is often associated with development of cardiac and skeletal muscle myopathies. Most muscle proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The UPS involves a number of enzymes, including E3-ligases, which tightly control which protein substrates are marked for degradation by the proteasome. Recent data reveal that E3-ligases of the cullin family play more diverse and crucial roles in cross striated muscles than previously anticipated. This review highlights some of the findings on the multifaceted functions of cullin-RING E3-ligases, their substrate adapters, muscle protein substrates, and regulatory proteins, such as the Cop9 signalosome, for the development of cross striated muscles, and their roles in the etiology of myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Blondelle
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrea Biju
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephan Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Woolley SA, Hayes SE, Shariflou MR, Nicholas FW, Willet CE, O'Rourke BA, Tammen I. Molecular basis of a new ovine model for human 3M syndrome-2. BMC Genet 2020; 21:106. [PMID: 32933480 PMCID: PMC7493961 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brachygnathia, cardiomegaly and renal hypoplasia syndrome (BCRHS, OMIA 001595–9940) is a previously reported recessively inherited disorder in Australian Poll Merino/Merino sheep. Affected lambs are stillborn with various congenital defects as reflected in the name of the disease, as well as short stature, a short and broad cranium, a small thoracic cavity, thin ribs and brachysternum. The BCRHS phenotype shows similarity to certain human short stature syndromes, in particular the human 3M syndrome-2. Here we report the identification of a likely disease-causing variant and propose an ovine model for human 3M syndrome-2. Results Eight positional candidate genes were identified among the 39 genes in the approximately 1 Mb interval to which the disease was mapped previously. Obscurin like cytoskeletal adaptor 1 (OBSL1) was selected as a strong positional candidate gene based on gene function and the resulting phenotypes observed in humans with mutations in this gene. Whole genome sequencing of an affected lamb (BCRHS3) identified a likely causal variant ENSOARG00000020239:g.220472248delC within OBSL1. Sanger sequencing of seven affected, six obligate carrier, two phenotypically unaffected animals from the original flock and one unrelated control animal validated the variant. A genotyping assay was developed to genotype 583 animals from the original flock, giving an estimated allele frequency of 5%. Conclusions The identification of a likely disease-causing variant resulting in a frameshift (p.(Val573Trpfs*119)) in the OBSL1 protein has enabled improved breeding management of the implicated flock. The opportunity for an ovine model for human 3M syndrome and ensuing therapeutic research is promising given the availability of carrier ram semen for BCRHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Woolley
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - S E Hayes
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - M R Shariflou
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - F W Nicholas
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - C E Willet
- Sydney Informatics Hub, Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - B A O'Rourke
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - I Tammen
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia.
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18
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Hu L, Wang X, Jin T, Han Y, Liu J, Jiang M, Yan S, Fu X, An B, Huang S. Identification of two CUL7 variants in two Chinese families with 3-M syndrome by whole-exome sequencing. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23265. [PMID: 32141654 PMCID: PMC7370744 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 3‐M syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by primordial growth retardation, large head circumference, characteristic facial features, and mild skeletal changes, which is associated with the exclusive variants in three genes, namely CUL7, OBSL1, and CCDC8. Only a few 3‐M syndrome patients have been reported in Chinese population. Methods Children with unexplained severe short stature, facial dysmorphism, and normal intelligence in two Chinese families and their relatives were enrolled. Trio‐whole‐exome sequencing (trio‐WES) and pathogenicity prediction analysis were conducted on the recruited patients. A conservative analysis of the mutant amino acid sequences and function prediction analysis of the wild‐type (WT) and mutant CUL7 protein were performed. Results We identified a homozygous missense variant (NM_014780.4: c.4898C > T, p.Thr1633Met) in CUL7 gene in a 6‐month‐old female infant from a non‐consanguineous family, and a homozygous frameshift variant (NM_014780.4: c.3722_3749 dup GGCTGGCACAGCTGCAGCAATGCCTGCA, p. Val1252Glyfs*23) in CUL7 gene in two affected siblings from a consanguinity family. These two variants may affect the properties and structure of CUL7 protein. Conclusion These two rare variants were observed in Chinese population for the first time and have not been reported in the literature. Our findings expand the variant spectrum of 3‐M syndrome in Chinese population and provide valuable insights into the early clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of 3‐M syndrome for pediatricians and endocrinologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Xike Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Jin
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Minmin Jiang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Shujuan Yan
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoling Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Bangquan An
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Shengwen Huang
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
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19
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Takizaki N, Tsurusaki Y, Katsumata K, Enomoto Y, Murakami H, Muroya K, Ishikawa H, Aida N, Nishimura G, Kurosawa K. Novel CUL7 biallelic mutations alter the skeletal phenotype of 3M syndrome. Hum Genome Var 2020; 7:1. [PMID: 32047638 PMCID: PMC7000808 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-020-0090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
3M syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe growth retardation, distinct facial features, and skeletal changes, including long slender tubular bones and tall vertebral bodies. We report a Japanese patient with 3M syndrome caused by the biallelic novel variants c.1705_1708del and c.1989_1999del of CUL7. Skeletal features were consistent with 3M syndrome in the early neonatal period but became less obvious by 2 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Takizaki
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tsurusaki
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kaoru Katsumata
- Department of Neonatology, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumi Enomoto
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Murakami
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Muroya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Aida
- Intractable Disease Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Radiology, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
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20
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Pan ZQ. Cullin-RING E3 Ubiquitin Ligase 7 in Growth Control and Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1217:285-296. [PMID: 31898234 PMCID: PMC8343956 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1025-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CRL7Fbxw8 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, containing cullin7 (CUL7) as a scaffold, the F-box protein Fbxw8 as a substrate receptor, the Skp1 adaptor, and the ROC1/Rbx1 RING finger protein for working with E2 enzyme to facilitate ubiquitin transfer. This chapter provides an update on studies linking CRL7Fbxw8 to hereditary human growth retardation disease, as at least 64 cul7 germ line mutations were found in patients with autosomal recessive 3-M syndrome. CRL7Fbxw8 interacts with two additional 3-M associated proteins OBSL1 and CCDC8, leading to subcellular localization of the E3 complex to regions including plasma membrane, centrosome, and Golgi. At least ten mammalian cellular proteins were identified or implicated as CRL7Fbxw8 substrates. Discussion focuses on the possible impact of CRL7Fbxw8-mediated proteolytic or non-proteolytic pathways in growth control and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Qiang Pan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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21
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Simsek-Kiper PO, Taskiran E, Kosukcu C, Arslan UE, Cormier-Daire V, Gonc N, Ozon A, Alikasifoglu A, Kandemir N, Utine GE, Alanay Y, Alikasifoglu M, Boduroglu K. Further expanding the mutational spectrum and investigation of genotype-phenotype correlation in 3M syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1157-1172. [PMID: 30980518 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
3M syndrome is characterized by severe pre- and postnatal growth retardation, typical facial features, and normal intelligence. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in either CUL7, OBSL1, or CCDC8 have been identified in the etiology so far. Clinical and molecular features of 24 patients (23 patients and a fetus) from 19 unrelated families with a clinical diagnosis of 3M syndrome were evaluated and genotype-phenotype correlations were investigated with the use of DNA sequencing, chromosomal microarray, and whole exome sequencing accordingly. A genetic etiology could be established in 20 patients (n = 20/24, 83%). Eleven distinct CUL7 or OBSL1 mutations, among which eight was novel, were identified in 18 patients (n = 18/24, 75%). Ten patients had CUL7 (n = 10/18, 56%) while eight had OBSL1 (n = 8/18, 44%) mutations. Birth weight and height standard deviation scores at admission were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in patients with CUL7 mutation compared to that of patients with OBSL1 mutation. Two patients with a similar phenotype had a de novo 20p13p deletion involving BMP2. No genetic etiology could be established in four patients (n = 4/28, 17%). This study yet represents the largest cohort of 3M syndrome patients from a single center in Turkey. Microdeletions involving BMP2 may cause a phenotype similar to 3M syndrome with some distinctive features. Larger cohort of patients are required to establish genotype-phenotype correlations in 3M syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ekim Taskiran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Kosukcu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Bioinformatics, Hacettepe University Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umut Ece Arslan
- Department of Health Research, Institute of Public Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Department of Genetics, INSERM UMR 1163, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Nazlı Gonc
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alev Ozon
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Alikasifoglu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurgun Kandemir
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulen Eda Utine
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Alanay
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pediatric Genetics, Acibadem University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Alikasifoglu
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Koray Boduroglu
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Nucci F, Lembo A, Farronato M, Farronato G, Nucci P, Serafino M. Oculofacial alterations in NBAS-SOPH like mutations: Case report. Eur J Ophthalmol 2019; 30:NP12-NP15. [DOI: 10.1177/1120672119836335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To describe the clinical features of a rare case of NBAS-SOPH-like mutations; to emphasize special aspects of the ocular and oro-facial regions. Methods: Case report. Case Description: We present a 5-year-old girl initially examined for her dysmorphic features, mental delay, strabismus, and high myopia. During the funduscopic examination, we observed optic atrophy with narrow thinned arterioles with the light brown reflex of the central retina. A genetic assessment revealed NBAS-SOPH like mutation. An assessment by a team of orthodontists defined typical characteristics. Conclusions: NBAS mutations can also cause complex disease with a broad clinical spectrum ranging from isolated recurrent acute liver failure (RALF) to a multisystemic phenotype. Due to the heterogeneity of the expressions, a multispeciality approach to this situation is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nucci
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Lembo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Multimedica, University of Milan, Eye Clinic San Giuseppe Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Farronato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giampietro Farronato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Nucci
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Multimedica, University of Milan, Eye Clinic San Giuseppe Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Serafino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Multimedica, University of Milan, Eye Clinic San Giuseppe Hospital, Milan, Italy
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23
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Giabicani E, Pham A, Brioude F, Mitanchez D, Netchine I. Diagnosis and management of postnatal fetal growth restriction. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 32:523-534. [PMID: 30086872 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) can result from multiple causes, such as genetic, epigenetic, environment, hormonal regulation, or vascular troubles and their potential interaction. The physiopathology of FGR is not yet fully elucidated, but the insulin-like growth factor system is known to play a central role. Specific clinical features can lead to the identification of genetic syndromes in some patients. FGR leads to multiple global health concerns, from the perinatal period, with higher morbidity/mortality, through infancy, with neurodevelopmental, growth, and metabolic issues, to the onset of puberty and later in life, with subfertility and elevated risks of cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Adequate follow-up and therapeutics should be offered to these patients. We first review the main molecular etiologies leading to FGR and their specificities. We then highlight the main issues that FGR can raise later in life before concluding with the proposed management of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Giabicani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, F-75012, Paris, France.
| | - Aurélie Pham
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Néonatologie, F-75012, Paris, France.
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, F-75012, Paris, France.
| | - Delphine Mitanchez
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Néonatologie, F-75012, Paris, France.
| | - Irène Netchine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, F-75012, Paris, France.
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24
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Abstract
Human growth is a very complex phenomenon influenced by genetic, hormonal, nutritional and environmental factors, from fetal life to puberty. Although the GH-IGF axis has a central role with specific actions on growth, numerous genes are involved in the control of stature. Genome-wide association studies have identified >600 variants associated with human height, still explaining only a small fraction of phenotypic variation. Since short stature in childhood is a common reason for referral, pediatric endocrinologists must be aware of the multifactorial and polygenic contributions to height. Multiple disorders characterized by growth failure of prenatal and/or postnatal onset due to single gene defects have been described. Their early diagnosis, facilitated by advances in genomic technologies, is of upmost importance for their clinical management and to provide genetic counseling. Here we review the current clinical and genetic information regarding different syndromes and hormone abnormalities with proportionate short stature as the main feature, and provide an update of the approach for diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Argente
- Full Professor of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Director, Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain, Chairman, Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de fisiopatología de la obesidad y nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, IMDEA Food Institute,CEIUAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis A Pérez-Jurado
- Full Professor of Genetics. Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain, SA Clinical Genetics, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia, Clinical Professor, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
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25
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Cusimano MC, Chitayat D, Injeyan M, Geary M. Pregnancy in 3M syndrome. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2017; 38:421-422. [PMID: 29046114 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2017.1360849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Cusimano
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - David Chitayat
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Marie Injeyan
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Michael Geary
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Maternal Fetal Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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26
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Keskin M, Muratoğlu Şahin N, Kurnaz E, Bayramoğlu E, Savaş Erdeve Ş, Aycan Z, Çetinkaya S. A Rare Cause of Short Stature: 3M Syndrome in a Patient with Novel Mutation in OBSL1 Gene. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2017; 9:91-94. [PMID: 27796265 PMCID: PMC5363173 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.3238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Miller-McKusick-Malvaux (3M) syndrome is a rare autosomal disorder that can lead to short stature, dysmorphic features, and skeletal abnormalities with normal intelligence. A 16-month-old female patient had been referred to our clinic due to short stature. Case history revealed a birth weight of 1740 grams on the 39th week of gestation, with a birth length of 42 cm and no prior hereditary conditions of clinical significance in her family. On physical examination, her length was 67 cm [-3.6 standard deviation (SD) score], weight 7.2 kg (-2.9 SD score), and head circumference 42 cm (below 3rd percentile). She also had numerous characteristic physical features such as a triangular face, fleshy nose tip, a long philtrum, prominent mouth and lips, pointed chin, lumbar lordosis, and prominent heels. As her growth retardation had a prenatal onset and the physical examination results were suggestive of a characteristic profile, the diagnosis of 3M syndrome was strongly considered. Genetic assessment of the patient revealed a novel homozygous p.T425Nfs*40 [corrected] mutation in the OBSL1 gene. It is recommended that physicians pay further attention to this condition in the differential diagnosis of children with severe short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melikşah Keskin
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey Phone: +90 312 305 65 11 E-mail:
| | - Nursel Muratoğlu Şahin
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdal Kurnaz
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elvan Bayramoğlu
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şenay Savaş Erdeve
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zehra Aycan
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semra Çetinkaya
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
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27
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Schierding W, Antony J, Cutfield WS, Horsfield JA, O'Sullivan JM. Intergenic GWAS SNPs are key components of the spatial and regulatory network for human growth. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3372-3382. [PMID: 27288450 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies has resulted in the identification of hundreds of genetic variants associated with growth and stature. Determining how these genetic variants influence growth is important, but most are non-coding, and there is little understanding of how these variants contribute to adult height. To determine the mechanisms by which human variation contributes to growth, we combined spatial genomic connectivity (high-throughput conformation capture) with functional (gene expression, expression Quantitative Trait Loci) data to determine how non-genic loci associated with infant length, pubertal and adult height and contribute to gene regulatory networks. This approach identified intergenic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ∼85 kb upstream of FBXW11 that spatially connect with distant loci. These regulatory connections are reinforced by evidence of SNP-enhancer effects and altered expression in genes influencing the action of human growth hormone. Functional assays provided evidence for enhancer activity of the intergenic region near FBXW11 that harbors SNP rs12153391, which is associated with an expression Quantitative Trait Loci. Our results suggest that variants in this locus have genome-wide effects as key modifiers of growth (both overgrowth and short stature) acting through a regulatory network. We believe that the genes and pathways connected with this regulatory network are potential targets that could be investigated for diagnostic, prenatal and carrier testing for growth disorders. Finally, the regulatory networks we generated illustrate the power of using existing datasets to interrogate the contribution of intergenic SNPs to common syndromes/diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Schierding
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland 1032, New Zealand
| | - Jisha Antony
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, The University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Wayne S Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland 1032, New Zealand.,Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland 1032, New Zealand
| | - Julia A Horsfield
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, The University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.,Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland 1032, New Zealand
| | - Justin M O'Sullivan
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland 1032, New Zealand, .,Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland 1032, New Zealand
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28
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Hasegawa K, Tanaka H, Higuchi Y, Yamashita M, Tsukahara H. Changes in facial appearance from neonate to adult in 3-M syndrome patient with novel CUL7 gene mutations. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:241-6. [PMID: 26488604 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
3-M syndrome (OMIM #273750, #612921, and #614205) is a rare autosomal recessive growth disorder that is characterized by pre- and postnatal growth retardation, normal intelligence, and characteristic faces. This syndrome also has characteristic radiological features, such as slender long bones and tall vertebral bodies. Three genes, cullin 7 (CUL7), coiled-coil domain containing 8, and obscurin-like 1 are genetic candidates of 3-M syndrome. Patients with 3-M syndrome have a characteristic facial appearance, including a triangular face, frontal bossing, an anteverted nose, dolichocephaly, and a long philtrum. However, information on adult 3-M syndrome patients, including facial appearance, is scarce. We report an adult female with 3-M syndrome that was caused by novel compound heterozygous mutations (c.4023-1 G>A in splice acceptor site of exon 22 and c.4359_4363dupGGCTG in exon 23) in the CUL7 gene. We also report the growth chart and changes in facial appearance of this patient from the neonate to adult.
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29
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Pangeni RP, Channathodiyil P, Huen DS, Eagles LW, Johal BK, Pasha D, Hadjistephanou N, Nevell O, Davies CL, Adewumi AI, Khanom H, Samra IS, Buzatto VC, Chandrasekaran P, Shinawi T, Dawson TP, Ashton KM, Davis C, Brodbelt AR, Jenkinson MD, Bièche I, Latif F, Darling JL, Warr TJ, Morris MR. The GALNT9, BNC1 and CCDC8 genes are frequently epigenetically dysregulated in breast tumours that metastasise to the brain. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:57. [PMID: 26052355 PMCID: PMC4457099 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumour metastasis to the brain is a common and deadly development in certain cancers; 18–30 % of breast tumours metastasise to the brain. The contribution that gene silencing through epigenetic mechanisms plays in these metastatic tumours is not well understood. Results We have carried out a bioinformatic screen of genome-wide breast tumour methylation data available at The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and a broad literature review to identify candidate genes that may contribute to breast to brain metastasis (BBM). This analysis identified 82 candidates. We investigated the methylation status of these genes using Combined Bisulfite and Restriction Analysis (CoBRA) and identified 21 genes frequently methylated in BBM. We have identified three genes, GALNT9, CCDC8 and BNC1, that were frequently methylated (55, 73 and 71 %, respectively) and silenced in BBM and infrequently methylated in primary breast tumours. CCDC8 was commonly methylated in brain metastases and their associated primary tumours whereas GALNT9 and BNC1 were methylated and silenced only in brain metastases, but not in the associated primary breast tumours from individual patients. This suggests differing roles for these genes in the evolution of metastatic tumours; CCDC8 methylation occurs at an early stage of metastatic evolution whereas methylation of GANLT9 and BNC1 occurs at a later stage of tumour evolution. Knockdown of these genes by RNAi resulted in a significant increase in the migratory and invasive potential of breast cancer cell lines. Conclusions These findings indicate that GALNT9 (an initiator of O-glycosylation), CCDC8 (a regulator of microtubule dynamics) and BNC1 (a transcription factor with a broad range of targets) may play a role in the progression of primary breast tumours to brain metastases. These genes may be useful as prognostic markers and their products may provide novel therapeutic targets. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0089-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P Pangeni
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | - David S Huen
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Lawrence W Eagles
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Balraj K Johal
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Dawar Pasha
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Natasa Hadjistephanou
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Oliver Nevell
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Claire L Davies
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Ayobami I Adewumi
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Hamida Khanom
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Ikroop S Samra
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Vanessa C Buzatto
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Preethi Chandrasekaran
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Thoraia Shinawi
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Timothy P Dawson
- Department of Neurosciences, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Fulwood, Preston, UK
| | - Katherine M Ashton
- Department of Neurosciences, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Fulwood, Preston, UK
| | - Charles Davis
- Department of Neurosciences, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Fulwood, Preston, UK
| | | | | | - Ivan Bièche
- Department of Genetics, Institute Curie, Paris, France
| | - Farida Latif
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - John L Darling
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Tracy J Warr
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Mark R Morris
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK ; School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK ; Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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30
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de Bruin C, Mericq V, Andrew SF, van Duyvenvoorde HA, Verkaik NS, Losekoot M, Porollo A, Garcia H, Kuang Y, Hanson D, Clayton P, van Gent DC, Wit JM, Hwa V, Dauber A. An XRCC4 splice mutation associated with severe short stature, gonadal failure, and early-onset metabolic syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E789-98. [PMID: 25742519 PMCID: PMC4422886 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Severe short stature can be caused by defects in numerous biological processes including defects in IGF-1 signaling, centromere function, cell cycle control, and DNA damage repair. Many syndromic causes of short stature are associated with medical comorbidities including hypogonadism and microcephaly. OBJECTIVE To identify an underlying genetic etiology in two siblings with severe short stature and gonadal failure. DESIGN Clinical phenotyping, genetic analysis, complemented by in vitro functional studies of the candidate gene. SETTING An academic pediatric endocrinology clinic. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Two adult siblings (male patient [P1] and female patient 2 [P2]) presented with a history of severe postnatal growth failure (adult heights: P1, -6.8 SD score; P2, -4 SD score), microcephaly, primary gonadal failure, and early-onset metabolic syndrome in late adolescence. In addition, P2 developed a malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor at age 28. INTERVENTION(S) Single nucleotide polymorphism microarray and exome sequencing. RESULTS Combined microarray analysis and whole exome sequencing of the two affected siblings and one unaffected sister identified a homozygous variant in XRCC4 as the probable candidate variant. Sanger sequencing and mRNA studies revealed a splice variant resulting in an in-frame deletion of 23 amino acids. Primary fibroblasts (P1) showed a DNA damage repair defect. CONCLUSIONS In this study we have identified a novel pathogenic variant in XRCC4, a gene that plays a critical role in non-homologous end-joining DNA repair. This finding expands the spectrum of DNA damage repair syndromes to include XRCC4 deficiency causing severe postnatal growth failure, microcephaly, gonadal failure, metabolic syndrome, and possibly tumor predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan de Bruin
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders (C.d.B., S.F.A., V.H., A.D.), Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229; Institute of Maternal and Child Research (V.M.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 226-3 Santiago, Chile; Laboratory for Diagnostic Genome Analysis (H.A.v.D., M.L.), Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Genetics (N.S.V., D.C.v.G.), Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (A.P.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229; Pediatrics Division (H.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago, 340 Santiago, Chile; Division of Developmental Biology (Y.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229; Institute of Human Development (D.H., P.C.), University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; and Department of Pediatrics (J.M.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Linhares ND, Svartman M, Rodrigues TC, Rosenberg C, Valadares ER. Subtelomeric 6p25 deletion/duplication: Report of a patient with new clinical findings and genotype–phenotype correlations. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 58:310-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Deeb A, Afandi O, Attia S, Fatih AE. 3-M syndrome: a novel CUL7 mutation associated with respiratory distress and a good response to GH therapy. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2015; 2015:150012. [PMID: 25945256 PMCID: PMC4418346 DOI: 10.1530/edm-15-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
3-M syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8 genes. It is characterised by growth failure, dysmorphic features and skeletal abnormalities. Data in the literature show variable efficacy of GH in the treatment of short stature. We report four Emirati siblings with the condition. The index case is a 10-year-old boy with characteristic features, including prenatal and postnatal growth failure, a triangular face, a long philtrum, full lips and prominent heels. Genetic testing confirmed a novel mutation (p.val88Ala) in the CUL7 gene. The parents are healthy, first-degree cousins with nine children, of whom two died in the first year of life with respiratory failure. Both had low birth weight and growth retardation. The boy's older sibling reached an adult height of 117 cm (−6.71 SDS). She was never treated with GH. He was started on GH treatment at 7 years of age, when his height was 94 cm (−5.3 SDS). 3-M syndrome should be considered in children with short stature who have associated dysmorphism and skeletal abnormalities. The diagnosis is more likely to occur in families that have a history of consanguinity and more than one affected sibling. Death in early infancy due to respiratory failure is another clue to the diagnosis, which might have a variable phenotype within a family. Genetic testing is important for confirming the diagnosis and for genetic counselling. GH treatment might be beneficial in improving stature in affected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Deeb
- Paediatric Endocrinology Department, Mafraq Hospital , PO Box 2951, Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - O Afandi
- Medical School, Gulf University , Ajman , United Arab Emirates
| | - S Attia
- Paediatric Endocrinology Department, Mafraq Hospital , PO Box 2951, Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - A El Fatih
- Biochemistry Laboratory Department, Shaikh Khalifa Medical Center, Mafraq Hospital , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
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Abstract
In this issue, two studies from Yue Xiong and colleagues (Li et al., 2014; Yan et al., 2014) show that CUL7, OBSL1, and CCDC8, all mutated in 3M short stature syndrome, form a centrosomal complex that regulates CUL9 and its substrate survivin to link mitosis to cell survival.
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Li Z, Pei XH, Yan J, Yan F, Cappell KM, Whitehurst AW, Xiong Y. CUL9 mediates the functions of the 3M complex and ubiquitylates survivin to maintain genome integrity. Mol Cell 2014; 54:805-19. [PMID: 24793696 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Cullin 9 (CUL9) gene encodes a putative E3 ligase that localizes in the cytoplasm. Cul9 null mice develop spontaneous tumors in multiple organs; however, both the cellular and the molecular mechanisms of CUL9 in tumor suppression are currently unknown. We show here that deletion of Cul9 leads to abnormal nuclear morphology, increased DNA damage, and aneuploidy. CUL9 knockdown rescues the microtubule and mitosis defects in cells depleted for CUL7 or OBSL1, two genes that are mutated in a mutually exclusive manner in 3M growth retardation syndrome and function in microtubule dynamics. CUL9 promotes the ubiquitylation and degradation of survivin and is inhibited by CUL7. Depletion of CUL7 decreases survivin level, and overexpression of survivin rescues the defects caused by CUL7 depletion. We propose a 3M-CUL9-survivin pathway in maintaining microtubule and genome integrity, normal development, and tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Li
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Xin-Hai Pei
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Feng Yan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Kathryn M Cappell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Angelique W Whitehurst
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Yue Xiong
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA; Program in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA.
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Yan J, Yan F, Li Z, Sinnott B, Cappell KM, Yu Y, Mo J, Duncan JA, Chen X, Cormier-Daire V, Whitehurst AW, Xiong Y. The 3M complex maintains microtubule and genome integrity. Mol Cell 2014; 54:791-804. [PMID: 24793695 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CUL7, OBSL1, and CCDC8 genes are mutated in a mutually exclusive manner in 3M and other growth retardation syndromes. The mechanism underlying the function of the three 3M genes in development is not known. We found that OBSL1 and CCDC8 form a complex with CUL7 and regulate the level and centrosomal localization of CUL7, respectively. CUL7 depletion results in altered microtubule dynamics, prometaphase arrest, tetraploidy, and mitotic cell death. These defects are recaptured in CUL7 mutated 3M cells and can be rescued by wild-type, but not by 3M patient-derived CUL7 mutants. Depletion of either OBSL1 or CCDC8 results in defects and sensitizes cells to microtubule damage similarly to loss of CUL7 function. Microtubule damage reduces the level of CCDC8 that is required for the centrosomal localization of CUL7. We propose that CUL7, OBSL1, and CCDC8 proteins form a 3M complex that functions in maintaining microtubule and genome integrity and normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Feng Yan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Zhijun Li
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Becky Sinnott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Kathryn M Cappell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Yanbao Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Jinyao Mo
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Joseph A Duncan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Valerie Cormier-Daire
- University Paris Descartes, Department of Genetics and INSERM U781, Hospital Necker Enfants-Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Angelique W Whitehurst
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Yue Xiong
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA; Program in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA.
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Kemper KE, Visscher PM, Goddard ME. Genetic architecture of body size in mammals. Genome Biol 2013; 13:244. [PMID: 22546202 DOI: 10.1186/gb4016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the heritability for human stature is caused by mutations of small-to-medium effect. This is because detrimental pleiotropy restricts large-effect mutations to very low frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Kemper
- Faculty of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Abstract
Much of the heritability for human stature is caused by mutations of small-to-medium effect. This is because detrimental pleiotropy restricts large-effect mutations to very low frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Kemper
- Faculty of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Anaesthesia and orphan disease: the child with 3M syndrome. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2012; 29:598-600. [PMID: 23080434 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0b013e32835a9a6c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Al-Dosari MS, Al-Shammari M, Shaheen R, Faqeih E, Alghofely MA, Boukai A, Alkuraya FS. 3M syndrome: an easily recognizable yet underdiagnosed cause of proportionate short stature. J Pediatr 2012; 161:139-45.e1. [PMID: 22325252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize, via clinical and molecul criteria, a cohort of patients with 3M syndrome and thereby increase awareness of this syndrome as a recognizable cause of proportionate short stature. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a case series of patients referred to clinical genetics for proportionate short stature. CUL7, OBSL1, and CCDC8 genes were clinically phenotyped and sequenced. RESULTS In 6 Saudi families with 3M syndrome, we identified three CUL7, one OBSL1, and one CCDC8 novel mutations, which we show result in a remarkably similar clinical phenotype. Despite their typical and easily discernible clinical phenotype, all these patients have been extensively investigated for alternative causes of their short stature and received erroneous diagnoses. CONCLUSION Increased awareness about this syndrome among pediatricians and endocrinologists is needed to avoid a costly and unnecessary diagnostic odyssey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Al-Dosari
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is prevalent worldwide and affects children and adults in multiple ways. These include predisposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus, the metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, persistent reduction in stature, and possibly changes in the pattern of puberty. A review of recent literature confirms that the metabolic effects of being born small for gestational age are evident in the very young, persist with age, and are amplified by adiposity. Furthermore, the pattern of growth in the first few years of life has a significant bearing on a person's later health, with those that show increasing weight gain being at the greatest risk for future metabolic dysfunction. Treatment with exogenous human GH is used to improve height in children who remain short after being small for gestational age at birth, but the response of individuals remains variable and difficult to predict. The mechanisms involved in the metabolic programming of IUGR children are just beginning to be explored. It appears that IUGR leads to widespread changes in DNA methylation and that specific "epigenetic signatures" for IUGR are likely to be found in various fetal tissues. The challenge is to link such alterations with modifications in gene expression and ultimately the metabolic abnormalities of adulthood, and it represents one of the frontiers for research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Chernausek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 North Phillips Avenue, Suite 4500, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104-4600, USA.
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Yuksel-Apak M, Bögershausen N, Pawlik B, Li Y, Apak S, Uyguner O, Milz E, Nürnberg G, Karaman B, Gülgören A, Grzeschik KH, Nürnberg P, Kayserili H, Wollnik B. A large duplication involving the IHH locus mimics acrocallosal syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 20:639-44. [PMID: 22234151 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Indian hedgehog (Ihh) signaling is a major determinant of various processes during embryonic development and has a pivotal role in embryonic skeletal development. A specific spatial and temporal expression of Ihh within the developing limb buds is essential for accurate digit outgrowth and correct digit number. Although missense mutations in IHH cause brachydactyly type A1, small tandem duplications involving the IHH locus have recently been described in patients with mild syndactyly and craniosynostosis. In contrast, a ∼600-kb deletion 5' of IHH in the doublefoot mouse mutant (Dbf) leads to severe polydactyly without craniosynostosis, but with craniofacial dysmorphism. We now present a patient resembling acrocallosal syndrome (ACS) with extensive polysyndactyly of the hands and feet, craniofacial abnormalities including macrocephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, dysplastic and low-set ears, severe hypertelorism and profound psychomotor delay. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array copy number analysis identified a ∼900-kb duplication of the IHH locus, which was confirmed by an independent quantitative method. A fetus from a second pregnancy of the mother by a different spouse showed similar craniofacial and limb malformations and the same duplication of the IHH-locus. We defined the exact breakpoints and showed that the duplications are identical tandem duplications in both sibs. No copy number changes were observed in the healthy mother. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a human phenotype similar to the Dbf mutant and strikingly overlapping with ACS that is caused by a copy number variation involving the IHH locus on chromosome 2q35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Memnune Yuksel-Apak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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