1
|
Owaidah A. Induced pluripotent stem cells in cartilage tissue engineering: a literature review. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20232102. [PMID: 38563479 PMCID: PMC11088306 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20232102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a long-term, persistent joint disorder characterized by bone and cartilage degradation, resulting in tightness, pain, and restricted movement. Current attempts in cartilage regeneration are cell-based therapies using stem cells. Multipotent stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), have been used to regenerate cartilage. However, since the discovery of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in 2007, it was seen as a potential source for regenerative chondrogenic therapy as it overcomes the ethical issues surrounding the use of ESCs and the immunological and differentiation limitations of MSCs. This literature review focuses on chondrogenic differentiation and 3D bioprinting technologies using hiPSCS, suggesting them as a viable source for successful tissue engineering. METHODS A literature search was conducted using scientific search engines, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases with the terms 'Cartilage tissue engineering' and 'stem cells' to retrieve published literature on chondrogenic differentiation and tissue engineering using MSCs, ESCs, and hiPSCs. RESULTS hiPSCs may provide an effective and autologous treatment for focal chondral lesions, though further research is needed to explore the potential of such technologies. CONCLUSIONS This review has provided a comprehensive overview of these technologies and the potential applications for hiPSCs in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amani Y. Owaidah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lammi MJ, Qu C. Regulation of Oxygen Tension as a Strategy to Control Chondrocytic Phenotype for Cartilage Tissue Engineering and Regeneration. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:211. [PMID: 38534484 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cartilage defects and osteoarthritis are health problems which are major burdens on health care systems globally, especially in aging populations. Cartilage is a vulnerable tissue, which generally faces a progressive degenerative process when injured. This makes it the 11th most common cause of global disability. Conservative methods are used to treat the initial phases of the illness, while orthopedic management is the method used for more progressed phases. These include, for instance, arthroscopic shaving, microfracturing and mosaicplasty, and joint replacement as the final treatment. Cell-based implantation methods have also been developed. Despite reports of successful treatments, they often suffer from the non-optimal nature of chondrocyte phenotype in the repair tissue. Thus, improved strategies to control the phenotype of the regenerating cells are needed. Avascular tissue cartilage relies on diffusion for nutrients acquisition and the removal of metabolic waste products. A low oxygen content is also present in cartilage, and the chondrocytes are, in fact, well adapted to it. Therefore, this raises an idea that the regulation of oxygen tension could be a strategy to control the chondrocyte phenotype expression, important in cartilage tissue for regenerative purposes. This narrative review discusses the aspects related to oxygen tension in the metabolism and regulation of articular and growth plate chondrocytes and progenitor cell phenotypes, and the role of some microenvironmental factors as regulators of chondrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikko J Lammi
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chengjuan Qu
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vogt A, Kapetanos K, Christodoulou N, Asimakopoulos D, Birch MA, McCaskie AW, Khan W. The Effects of Chronological Age on the Chondrogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15494. [PMID: 37895174 PMCID: PMC10607563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and cell therapy for regenerative medicine have great potential to treat chronic disorders. In musculoskeletal disorders, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been identified as a relevant cell type in cell and regenerative strategies due to their multi-lineage potential, although this is likely to be a result of their trophic and immunomodulatory effects on other cells. This PRISMA systematic review aims to assess whether the age of the patient influences the chondrogenic potential of MSCs in regenerative therapy. We identified a total of 3027 studies after performing a search of four databases, including Cochrane, Web of Science, Medline, and PubMed. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 14 papers were identified that were reviewed, assessed, and reported. Cell surface characterization and proliferation, as well as the osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation, were investigated as part of the analysis of these studies. Most included studies suggest a clear link between aged donor MSCs and diminished clonogenic and proliferative potential. Our study reveals a heterogeneous and conflicting range of outcomes concerning the chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic potential of MSCs in relation to age. Further investigations on the in vitro effects of chronological age on the chondrogenic potential of MSCs should follow the outcomes of this systematic review, shedding more light on this complex relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Vogt
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.V.)
| | | | | | | | - Mark A. Birch
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.V.)
| | - Andrew W. McCaskie
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.V.)
| | - Wasim Khan
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park DY, Kim SH, Park SH, Jang JS, Yoo JJ, Lee SJ. 3D Bioprinting Strategies for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Ann Biomed Eng 2023:10.1007/s10439-023-03236-8. [PMID: 37204546 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is the avascular and aneural tissue which is the primary connective tissue covering the surface of articulating bone. Traumatic damage or degenerative diseases can cause articular cartilage injuries that are common in the population. As a result, the demand for new therapeutic options is continually increasing for older people and traumatic young patients. Many attempts have been made to address these clinical needs to treat articular cartilage injuries, including osteoarthritis (OA); however, regenerating highly qualified cartilage tissue remains a significant obstacle. 3D bioprinting technology combined with tissue engineering principles has been developed to create biological tissue constructs that recapitulate the anatomical, structural, and functional properties of native tissues. In addition, this cutting-edge technology can precisely place multiple cell types in a 3D tissue architecture. Thus, 3D bioprinting has rapidly become the most innovative tool for manufacturing clinically applicable bioengineered tissue constructs. This has led to increased interest in 3D bioprinting in articular cartilage tissue engineering applications. Here, we reviewed current advances in bioprinting for articular cartilage tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Do Young Park
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hwa Kim
- Department of Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyug Park
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Jang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - James J Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Grogan S, Kopcow J, D’Lima D. Challenges Facing the Translation of Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Cartilage Lesions. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:1186-1195. [PMID: 36493381 PMCID: PMC9801304 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common disease resulting in significant disability without approved disease-modifying treatment (other than total joint replacement). Stem cell-based therapy is being actively explored for the repair of cartilage lesions in the treatment and prevention of osteoarthritis. Embryonic stem cells are a very attractive source as they address many of the limitations inherent in autologous stem cells, such as variability in function and limited expansion. Over the past 20 years, there has been widespread interest in differentiating ESC into mesenchymal stem cells and chondroprogenitors with successful in vitro, ex vivo, and early animal studies. However, to date, none have progressed to clinical trials. In this review, we compare and contrast the various approaches to differentiating ESC; and discuss the benefits and drawbacks of each approach. Approaches relying on spontaneous differentiation are simpler but not as efficient as more targeted approaches. Methods replicating developmental biology are more efficient and reproducible but involve many steps in a complicated process. The small-molecule approach, arguably, combines the advantages of the above two methods because of the relative efficiency, reproducibility, and simplicity. To better understand the reasons for lack of progression to clinical applications, we explore technical, scientific, clinical, and regulatory challenges that remain to be overcome to achieve success in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Grogan
- Corresponding author: Darryl D’Lima, MD, PhD, Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education, Scripps Health, 10666 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Joel Kopcow
- Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education, Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Darryl D’Lima
- Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education, Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Campbell TM, Dilworth FJ, Allan DS, Trudel G. The Hunt Is On! In Pursuit of the Ideal Stem Cell Population for Cartilage Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:866148. [PMID: 35711627 PMCID: PMC9196866 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.866148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage injury and degeneration are hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disease. OA is a major contributor to pain, loss of function, and reduced quality of life. Over the last decade, considerable research efforts have focused on cell-based therapies, including several stem cell-derived approaches to reverse the cartilage alterations associated with OA. Although several tissue sources for deriving cell-based therapies have been identified, none of the resident stem cell populations have adequately fulfilled the promise of curing OA. Indeed, many cell products do not contain true stem cells. As well, issues with aggressive marketing efforts, combined with a lack of evidence regarding efficacy, lead the several national regulatory bodies to discontinue the use of stem cell therapy for OA until more robust evidence becomes available. A review of the evidence is timely to address the status of cell-based cartilage regeneration. The promise of stem cell therapy is not new and has been used successfully to treat non-arthritic diseases, such as hematopoietic and muscle disorders. These fields of regenerative therapy have the advantage of a considerable foundation of knowledge in the area of stem cell repair mechanisms, the role of the stem cell niche, and niche-supporting cells. This foundation is lacking in the field of cartilage repair. So, where should we look for the ideal stem cell to regenerate cartilage? It has recently been discovered that cartilage itself may contain a population of SC-like progenitors. Other potential tissues include stem cell-rich dental pulp and the adolescent growth plate, the latter of which contains chondrocyte progenitors essential for producing the cartilage scaffold needed for bone growth. In this article, we review the progress on stem cell therapies for arthritic disorders, focusing on the various stem cell populations previously used for cartilage regeneration, successful cases of stem cell therapies in muscle and hemopoietic disorders, some of the reasons why these other fields have been successful (i.e., “lessons learned” to be applied to OA stem cell therapy), and finally, novel potential sources of stem cells for regenerating damaged cartilage in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Mark Campbell
- Elisabeth Bruyère Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - F Jeffrey Dilworth
- Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David S Allan
- Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Guy Trudel
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Articular Cartilage Regeneration and Disease Modelling: Are We Ready for Their Clinical Use? Cells 2022; 11:cells11030529. [PMID: 35159338 PMCID: PMC8834349 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of induced pluripotent stem cells has brought unlimited possibilities to the field of regenerative medicine. This could be ideal for treating osteoarthritis and other skeletal diseases, because the current procedures tend to be short-term solutions. The usage of induced pluripotent stem cells in the cell-based regeneration of cartilage damages could replace or improve on the current techniques. The patient’s specific non-invasive collection of tissue for reprogramming purposes could also create a platform for drug screening and disease modelling for an overview of distinct skeletal abnormalities. In this review, we seek to summarise the latest achievements in the chondrogenic differentiation of pluripotent stem cells for regenerative purposes and disease modelling.
Collapse
|
8
|
Keller A, Spits C. The Impact of Acquired Genetic Abnormalities on the Clinical Translation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113246. [PMID: 34831467 PMCID: PMC8625075 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) are known to acquire chromosomal abnormalities, which range from point mutations to large copy number changes, including full chromosome aneuploidy. These aberrations have a wide-ranging influence on the state of cells, in both the undifferentiated and differentiated state. Currently, very little is known on how these abnormalities will impact the clinical translation of hPSC, and particularly their potential to prime cells for oncogenic transformation. A further complication is that many of these abnormalities exist in a mosaic state in culture, which complicates their detection with conventional karyotyping methods. In this review we discuss current knowledge on how these aberrations influence the cell state and how this may impact the future of research and the cells’ clinical potential.
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Z, Huang Z, Bai L. Cell Interplay in Osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720477. [PMID: 34414194 PMCID: PMC8369508 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease and a significant health concern that needs to be urgently solved. OA affects the cartilage and entire joint tissues, including the subchondral bone, synovium, and infrapatellar fat pads. The physiological and pathological changes in these tissues affect the occurrence and development of OA. Understanding complex crosstalk among different joint tissues and their roles in OA initiation and progression is critical in elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of OA. In this review, we begin with an overview of the role of chondrocytes, synovial cells (synovial fibroblasts and macrophages), mast cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, various stem cells, and engineered cells (induced pluripotent stem cells) in OA pathogenesis. Then, we discuss the various mechanisms by which these cells communicate, including paracrine signaling, local microenvironment, co-culture, extracellular vesicles (exosomes), and cell tissue engineering. We particularly focus on the therapeutic potential and clinical applications of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, which serve as modulators of cell-to-cell communication, in the field of regenerative medicine, such as cartilage repair. Finally, the challenges and limitations related to exosome-based treatment for OA are discussed. This article provides a comprehensive summary of key cells that might be targets of future therapies for OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziyu Huang
- Foreign Languages College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunhao Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu H, Wu C, Zhao H, Zhang F, Zhao G, Lin X, Wang S, Wang X, Yu F, Ning Y, Yang L, Liu P, Zhang F, Xu P, Qu C, Lammi MJ, Guo X. The first human induced pluripotent stem cell line of Kashin-Beck disease reveals involvement of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis and PPAR pathway. FEBS J 2021; 289:279-293. [PMID: 34324261 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic osteochondropathy. Due to a lack of suitable animal or cellular disease models, the research progress on KBD has been limited. Our goal was to establish the first disease-specific human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) cellular disease model of KBD, and to explore its etiology and pathogenesis exploiting transcriptome sequencing. HiPSCs were reprogrammed from dermal fibroblasts of two KBD and one healthy control donor via integration-free vectors. Subsequently, hiPSCs were differentiated into chondrocytes through three-week culture. Gene expression profiles in KBD, normal primary chondrocytes, and hiPSC-derived chondrocytes were defined by RNA sequencing. A Venn diagram was constructed to show the number of shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between KBD and normal. Gene oncology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotations were performed, and six DEGs were further validated in other individuals by RT-qPCR. KBD cellular disease models were successfully established by generation of hiPSC lines. Seventeen consistent and significant DEGs present in all compared groups (KBD and normal) were identified. RT-qPCR validation gave consistent results with the sequencing data. Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis-heparan sulfate/heparin; PPAR signaling pathway; and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) were identified to be significantly altered in KBD. Differentiated chondrocytes derived from KBD-origin hiPSCs provide the first cellular disease model for etiological studies of KBD. This study also provides new sights into the pathogenesis and etiology of KBD and is likely to inform the development of targeted therapeutics for its treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.,Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Cuiyan Wu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.,Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongmou Zhao
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Feng'e Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.,Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Guanghui Zhao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Xialu Lin
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.,Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.,Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.,Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Fangfang Yu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.,Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujie Ning
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.,Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.,Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Peilong Liu
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.,Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Chengjuan Qu
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Mikko J Lammi
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Xiong Guo
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.,Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kamaraj A, Kyriacou H, Seah KTM, Khan WS. Use of human induced pluripotent stem cells for cartilage regeneration in vitro and within chondral defect models of knee joint cartilage in vivo: a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses systematic literature review. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:647-661. [PMID: 34059422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Articular cartilage has limited regenerative ability when damaged through trauma or disease. Failure to treat focal chondral lesions results in changes that inevitably progress to osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a major contributor to disability globally, which results in significant medical costs and lost wages every year. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have long been considered a potential autologous therapeutic option for the treatment of focal chondral lesions. Although there are significant advantages to hiPSCs over other stem cell options, such as mesenchymal and embryonic stem cells, there are concerns regarding their ability to form bona fide cartilage and their tumorgenicity in vivo. METHODS The authors carried out a systematic literature review on the use of hiPSCs to produce differentiated progeny capable of producing high-quality cartilage in vitro and regenerate cartilage in osteochondral defects in vivo in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Eight studies were included in the review that used hiPSCs or their derived progeny in xenogeneic transplants in animal models to regenerate cartilage in osteochondral defects of the knee joint. The in vitro-differentiated, hiPSC-derived and in vivo defect repair ability of the hiPSC-derived progeny transplants were assessed. RESULTS Most studies reported the generation of high-quality cartilage-producing progeny that were able to successfully repair cartilage defects in vivo. No tumorigenicity was observed. CONCLUSIONS The authors conclude that hiPSCs offer a valuable source of cartilage-producing progeny that show promise as an effective cell-based therapy in treating focal chondral lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achi Kamaraj
- Division of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harry Kyriacou
- Division of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - K T Matthew Seah
- Division of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Wasim S Khan
- Division of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Csobonyeiova M, Polak S, Nicodemou A, Zamborsky R, Danisovic L. iPSCs in Modeling and Therapy of Osteoarthritis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:186. [PMID: 33673154 PMCID: PMC7917981 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) belongs to chronic degenerative disorders and is often a leading cause of disability in elderly patients. Typically, OA is manifested by articular cartilage erosion, pain, stiffness, and crepitus. Currently, the treatment options are limited, relying mostly on pharmacological therapy, which is often related to numerous complications. The proper management of the disease is challenging because of the poor regenerative capacity of articular cartilage. During the last decade, cell-based approaches such as implantation of autologous chondrocytes or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising results. However, the mentioned techniques face their hurdles (cell harvesting, low proliferation capacity). The invention of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has created new opportunities to increase the efficacy of the cartilage healing process. iPSCs may represent an unlimited source of chondrocytes derived from a patient's somatic cells, circumventing ethical and immunological issues. Aside from the regenerative potential of iPSCs, stem cell-derived cartilage tissue models could be a useful tool for studying the pathological process of OA. In our recent article, we reviewed the progress in chondrocyte differentiation techniques, disease modeling, and the current status of iPSC-based regenerative therapy of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Csobonyeiova
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefan Polak
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Andreas Nicodemou
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Radoslav Zamborsky
- National Institute of Children’s Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Limbova 1, 833 40 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Regenmed Ltd., Medena 29, 811 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Souidi M, Sleiman Y, Acimovic I, Pribyl J, Charrabi A, Baecker V, Scheuermann V, Pesl M, Jelinkova S, Skladal P, Dvorak P, Lacampagne A, Rotrekl V, Meli AC. Oxygen Is an Ambivalent Factor for the Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Cardiac 2D Monolayer and 3D Cardiac Spheroids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020662. [PMID: 33440843 PMCID: PMC7827232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous protocols of cardiac differentiation have been established by essentially focusing on specific growth factors on human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation efficiency. However, the optimal environmental factors to obtain cardiac myocytes in network are still unclear. The mesoderm germ layer differentiation is known to be enhanced by low oxygen exposure. Here, we hypothesized that low oxygen exposure enhances the molecular and functional maturity of the cardiomyocytes. We aimed at comparing the molecular and functional consequences of low (5% O2 or LOE) and high oxygen exposure (21% O2 or HOE) on cardiac differentiation of hPSCs in 2D- and 3D-based protocols. hPSC-CMs were differentiated through both the 2D (monolayer) and 3D (embryoid body) protocols using several lines. Cardiac marker expression and cell morphology were assessed. The mitochondrial localization and metabolic properties were evaluated. The intracellular Ca2+ handling and contractile properties were also monitored. The 2D cardiac monolayer can only be differentiated in HOE. The 3D cardiac spheroids containing hPSC-CMs in LOE further exhibited cardiac markers, hypertrophy, steadier SR Ca2+ release properties revealing a better SR Ca2+ handling, and enhanced contractile force. Preserved distribution of mitochondria and similar oxygen consumption by the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes were also observed. Our results brought evidences that LOE is moderately beneficial for the 3D cardiac spheroids with hPSC-CMs exhibiting further maturity. In contrast, the 2D cardiac monolayers strictly require HOE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monia Souidi
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (Y.S.); (I.A.); (A.C.); (V.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Yvonne Sleiman
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (Y.S.); (I.A.); (A.C.); (V.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Ivana Acimovic
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (Y.S.); (I.A.); (A.C.); (V.S.); (A.L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.J.); (P.D.); (V.R.)
| | - Jan Pribyl
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Azzouz Charrabi
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (Y.S.); (I.A.); (A.C.); (V.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Volker Baecker
- Montpellier Ressources Imagerie, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France;
| | - Valerie Scheuermann
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (Y.S.); (I.A.); (A.C.); (V.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Martin Pesl
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.J.); (P.D.); (V.R.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
- First Department of Internal Medicine/Cardioangiology, St. Anne’s Hospital, Masaryk University, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (A.C.M.); Tel.: +420-723-860-905 (M.P.); +33-4-67-41-52-44 (A.C.M.); Fax: +33-4-67-41-52-42 (A.C.M.)
| | - Sarka Jelinkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.J.); (P.D.); (V.R.)
| | - Petr Skladal
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Petr Dvorak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.J.); (P.D.); (V.R.)
| | - Alain Lacampagne
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (Y.S.); (I.A.); (A.C.); (V.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Vladimir Rotrekl
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.J.); (P.D.); (V.R.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Albano C. Meli
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (Y.S.); (I.A.); (A.C.); (V.S.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (A.C.M.); Tel.: +420-723-860-905 (M.P.); +33-4-67-41-52-44 (A.C.M.); Fax: +33-4-67-41-52-42 (A.C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Taghiyar L, Jahangir S, Khozaei Ravari M, Shamekhi MA, Eslaminejad MB. Cartilage Repair by Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Preclinical and Clinical Trial Update and Perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1326:73-93. [PMID: 33629260 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and other degenerative joint diseases are characterized by articular cartilage destruction, synovial inflammation, sclerosis of subchondral bone, and loss of extracellular matrix (ECM). Worldwide, these diseases are major causes of disability. Cell therapies have been considered to be the best therapeutic strategies for long-term treatment of articular cartilage diseases. It has been suggested that the mechanism of stem cell-based therapy is related to paracrine secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are recognized as the main secretion factors of stem cells. EVs, and in particular the subclass exosomes (Exos), are novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of cartilage lesions and OA. The results of recent studies have shown that EVs isolated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could inhibit OA progression. EVs isolated from various stem cell sources, such as MSCs, may contribute to tissue regeneration of the limbs, skin, heart, and other tissues. Here, we summarize recent findings of preclinical and clinical studies on different MSC-derived EVs and their effectiveness as a treatment for damaged cartilage. The Exos isolation techniques in OA treatment are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Taghiyar
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbano Jahangir
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Khozaei Ravari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao Y, Liu H, Zhao C, Dang P, Li H, Farzaneh M. Paracrine Interactions Involved in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Differentiation into Chondrocytes. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:233-242. [PMID: 31889496 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666191224122058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), as a degenerative joint disease, is the most common form of joint disorder that causes pain, stiffness, and other symptoms associated with OA. Various genetic, biomechanical, and environmental factors have a relevant role in the development of OA. To date, extensive efforts are currently being made to overcome the poor self-healing capacity of articular cartilage. Despite the pivotal role of chondrocytes, their proliferation and repair capacity after tissue injury are limited. Therefore, the development of new strategies to overcome these constraints is urgently needed. Recent advances in regenerative medicine suggest that pluripotent stem cells are promising stem cell sources for cartilage repair. Pluripotent stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the capacity to differentiate into different types of cells and can self-renew indefinitely. In the past few decades, numerous attempts have been made to regenerate articular cartilage by using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The potential applications of patient-specific iPSCs hold great promise for regenerative medicine and OA treatment. However, there are different culture conditions for the preparation and characterization of human iPSCs-derived chondrocytes (hiChondrocytes). Recent biochemical analyses reported that several paracrine factors such as TGFb, BMPs, WNT, Ihh, and Runx have been shown to be involved in cartilage cell proliferation and differentiation from human iPSCs. In this review, we summarize and discuss the paracrine interactions involved in human iPSCs differentiation into chondrocytes in different cell culture media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunchang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics III, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan 466000, China
| | - Honghao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics III, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan 466000, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics III, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan 466000, China
| | - Peng Dang
- Department of Orthopedics III, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan 466000, China
| | - Haijian Li
- Department of Orthopedics III, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan 466000, China
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jelinkova S, Vilotic A, Pribyl J, Aimond F, Salykin A, Acimovic I, Pesl M, Caluori G, Klimovic S, Urban T, Dobrovolna H, Soska V, Skladal P, Lacampagne A, Dvorak P, Meli AC, Rotrekl V. DMD Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiac Cells Recapitulate in vitro Human Cardiac Pathophysiology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:535. [PMID: 32656189 PMCID: PMC7325914 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe genetic disorder characterized by the lack of functional dystrophin. DMD is associated with progressive dilated cardiomyopathy, eventually leading to heart failure as the main cause of death in DMD patients. Although several molecular mechanisms leading to the DMD cardiomyocyte (DMD-CM) death were described, mostly in mouse model, no suitable human CM model was until recently available together with proper clarification of the DMD-CM phenotype and delay in cardiac symptoms manifestation. We obtained several independent dystrophin-deficient human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines from DMD patients and CRISPR/Cas9-generated DMD gene mutation. We differentiated DMD-hPSC into cardiac cells (CC) creating a human DMD-CC disease model. We observed that mutation-carrying cells were less prone to differentiate into CCs. DMD-CCs demonstrated an enhanced cell death rate in time. Furthermore, ion channel expression was altered in terms of potassium (Kir2.1 overexpression) and calcium handling (dihydropyridine receptor overexpression). DMD-CCs exhibited increased time of calcium transient rising compared to aged-matched control, suggesting mishandling of calcium release. We observed mechanical impairment (hypocontractility), bradycardia, increased heart rate variability, and blunted β-adrenergic response connected with remodeling of β-adrenergic receptors expression in DMD-CCs. Overall, these results indicated that our DMD-CC models are functionally affected by dystrophin-deficiency associated and recapitulate functional defects and cardiac wasting observed in the disease. It offers an accurate tool to study human cardiomyopathy progression and test therapies in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Jelinkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center ICRC, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Aleksandra Vilotic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Pribyl
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Franck Aimond
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Anton Salykin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ivana Acimovic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Pesl
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center ICRC, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia.,First Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Guido Caluori
- International Clinical Research Center ICRC, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia.,First Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Simon Klimovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomas Urban
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hana Dobrovolna
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, St. Anne's University Hospital of Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vladimir Soska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, St. Anne's University Hospital of Brno, Brno, Czechia.,Second Clinic of Internal Medicine, Masaryk University of Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petr Skladal
- First Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Alain Lacampagne
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Petr Dvorak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center ICRC, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Albano C Meli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Vladimir Rotrekl
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center ICRC, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sharma A, Sances S, Workman MJ, Svendsen CN. Multi-lineage Human iPSC-Derived Platforms for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:309-329. [PMID: 32142662 PMCID: PMC7159985 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide a powerful platform for disease modeling and have unlocked new possibilities for understanding the mechanisms governing human biology, physiology, and genetics. However, hiPSC-derivatives have traditionally been utilized in two-dimensional monocultures, in contrast to the multi-systemic interactions that influence cells in the body. We will discuss recent advances in generating more complex hiPSC-based systems using three-dimensional organoids, tissue-engineering, microfluidic organ-chips, and humanized animal systems. While hiPSC differentiation still requires optimization, these next-generation multi-lineage technologies can augment the biomedical researcher's toolkit and enable more realistic models of human tissue function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sharma
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Samuel Sances
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Michael J Workman
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Konttinen H, Cabral-da-Silva MEC, Ohtonen S, Wojciechowski S, Shakirzyanova A, Caligola S, Giugno R, Ishchenko Y, Hernández D, Fazaludeen MF, Eamen S, Budia MG, Fagerlund I, Scoyni F, Korhonen P, Huber N, Haapasalo A, Hewitt AW, Vickers J, Smith GC, Oksanen M, Graff C, Kanninen KM, Lehtonen S, Propson N, Schwartz MP, Pébay A, Koistinaho J, Ooi L, Malm T. PSEN1ΔE9, APPswe, and APOE4 Confer Disparate Phenotypes in Human iPSC-Derived Microglia. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:669-683. [PMID: 31522977 PMCID: PMC6829767 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we elucidate the effect of Alzheimer disease (AD)-predisposing genetic backgrounds, APOE4, PSEN1ΔE9, and APPswe, on functionality of human microglia-like cells (iMGLs). We present a physiologically relevant high-yield protocol for producing iMGLs from induced pluripotent stem cells. Differentiation is directed with small molecules through primitive erythromyeloid progenitors to re-create microglial ontogeny from yolk sac. The iMGLs express microglial signature genes and respond to ADP with intracellular Ca2+ release distinguishing them from macrophages. Using 16 iPSC lines from healthy donors, AD patients and isogenic controls, we reveal that the APOE4 genotype has a profound impact on several aspects of microglial functionality, whereas PSEN1ΔE9 and APPswe mutations trigger minor alterations. The APOE4 genotype impairs phagocytosis, migration, and metabolic activity of iMGLs but exacerbates their cytokine secretion. This indicates that APOE4 iMGLs are fundamentally unable to mount normal microglial functionality in AD. APOE4 genotype has a profound impact on several functions of microglia-like cells Inflammatory responses are aggravated in cells with APOE4 genotype Metabolism, phagocytosis, and migration are decreased in APOE4 microglia-like cells Familial mutations APPswe and PSEN1ΔE9 have only minor effects on functionality
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henna Konttinen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Mauricio E Castro Cabral-da-Silva
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Sohvi Ohtonen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Sara Wojciechowski
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Anastasia Shakirzyanova
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Simone Caligola
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Rosalba Giugno
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Yevheniia Ishchenko
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Damián Hernández
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | | | - Shaila Eamen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Mireia Gómez Budia
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Ilkka Fagerlund
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Flavia Scoyni
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Paula Korhonen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Nadine Huber
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; School of Medicine, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, VIC 7005, Australia
| | - James Vickers
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Grady C Smith
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Minna Oksanen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department NVS, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinka Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden; Theme Aging, Genetics Unit, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Sarka Lehtonen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Nicholas Propson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and the Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael P Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alice Pébay
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Department of Surgery, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland; Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Patel JM, Saleh KS, Burdick JA, Mauck RL. Bioactive factors for cartilage repair and regeneration: Improving delivery, retention, and activity. Acta Biomater 2019; 93:222-238. [PMID: 30711660 PMCID: PMC6616001 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a remarkable tissue whose sophisticated composition and architecture allow it to withstand complex stresses within the joint. Once injured, cartilage lacks the capacity to self-repair, and injuries often progress to joint wide osteoarthritis (OA) resulting in debilitating pain and loss of mobility. Current palliative and surgical management provides short-term symptom relief, but almost always progresses to further deterioration in the long term. A number of bioactive factors, including drugs, corticosteroids, and growth factors, have been utilized in the clinic, in clinical trials, or in emerging research studies to alleviate the inflamed joint environment or to promote new cartilage tissue formation. However, these therapies remain limited in their duration and effectiveness. For this reason, current efforts are focused on improving the localization, retention, and activity of these bioactive factors. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in drug delivery for the treatment of damaged or degenerated cartilage. First, we summarize material and modification techniques to improve the delivery of these factors to damaged tissue and enhance their retention and action within the joint environment. Second, we discuss recent studies using novel methods to promote new cartilage formation via biofactor delivery, that have potential for improving future long-term clinical outcomes. Lastly, we review the emerging field of orthobiologics, using delivered and endogenous cells as drug-delivering "factories" to preserve and restore joint health. Enhancing drug delivery systems can improve both restorative and regenerative treatments for damaged cartilage. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Articular cartilage is a remarkable and sophisticated tissue that tolerates complex stresses within the joint. When injured, cartilage cannot self-repair, and these injuries often progress to joint-wide osteoarthritis, causing patients debilitating pain and loss of mobility. Current palliative and surgical treatments only provide short-term symptomatic relief and are limited with regards to efficiency and efficacy. Bioactive factors, such as drugs and growth factors, can improve outcomes to either stabilize the degenerated environment or regenerate replacement tissue. This review highlights recent advances and novel techniques to enhance the delivery, localization, retention, and activity of these factors, providing an overview of the cartilage drug delivery field that can guide future research in restorative and regenerative treatments for damaged cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Patel
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Kamiel S Saleh
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jason A Burdick
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Robert L Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li WJ, Jiao H, Walczak BE. Emerging opportunities for induced pluripotent stem cells in orthopaedics. J Orthop Translat 2019; 17:73-81. [PMID: 31194067 PMCID: PMC6551359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has revolutionized biomedicine. Although the potential of iPSCs for tissue regeneration, disease modeling and drug screening has been largely recognized, findings of iPSC research to date are mostly focused on neurology, cardiology and haematology. For orthopaedics, growing interest in the unique cell type has prompted more researchers to get involved in iPSC research. In this article, we introduce the brief history of cellular reprogramming and different reprogramming methods that have been developed, discuss the biology of iPSCs and review previously reported findings of iPSC studies in orthopaedics. The Translational potential of this article Stem cell therapies hold great promise for treating orthopaedic diseases, manifested in recent study findings and results of clinical trials. iPSCs are a unique stem cell type derived from a patient’s own cells while still possessing the embryonic stem cell-featured pluripotency for generation of all tissues in the body. The distinctive properties make iPSCs much desirable to fulfill the promise of regenerative medicine for clinical orthopaedics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ju Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - Hongli Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - Brian E Walczak
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Acimovic I, Refaat MM, Moreau A, Salykin A, Reiken S, Sleiman Y, Souidi M, Přibyl J, Kajava AV, Richard S, Lu JT, Chevalier P, Skládal P, Dvořak P, Rotrekl V, Marks AR, Scheinman MM, Lacampagne A, Meli AC. Post-Translational Modifications and Diastolic Calcium Leak Associated to the Novel RyR2-D3638A Mutation Lead to CPVT in Patient-Specific hiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7110423. [PMID: 30413023 PMCID: PMC6262462 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7110423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak and post-translational modifications under stress have been implicated in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), a highly lethal inherited arrhythmogenic disorder. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer a unique opportunity for disease modeling. Objective: The aims were to obtain functional hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from a CPVT patient harboring a novel ryanodine receptor (RyR2) mutation and model the syndrome, drug responses and investigate the molecular mechanisms associated to the CPVT syndrome. Methods: Patient-specific cardiomyocytes were generated from a young athletic female diagnosed with CPVT. The contractile, intracellular Ca2+ handling and electrophysiological properties as well as the RyR2 macromolecular remodeling were studied. Results: Exercise stress electrocardiography revealed polymorphic ventricular tachycardia when treated with metoprolol and marked improvement with flecainide alone. We found abnormal stress-induced contractile and electrophysiological properties associated with sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak in CPVT hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. We found inadequate response to metoprolol and a potent response of flecainide. Stabilizing RyR2 with a Rycal compound prevents those abnormalities specifically in CPVT hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. The RyR2-D3638A mutation is located in the conformational change inducing-central core domain and leads to RyR2 macromolecular remodeling including depletion of PP2A and Calstabin2. Conclusion: We identified a novel RyR2-D3638A mutation causing 3D conformational defects and aberrant biophysical properties associated to RyR2 macromolecular complex post-translational remodeling. The molecular remodeling is for the first time revealed using patient-specific hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes which may explain the CPVT proband’s resistance. Our study promotes hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes as a suitable model for disease modeling, testing new therapeutic compounds, personalized medicine and deciphering underlying molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Acimovic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - Marwan M Refaat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division/Cardiac Electrophysiology Section and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Adrien Moreau
- NeuroMyoGène Institute, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 371 Avenue du Doyen G. Giraud, 34295 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Anton Salykin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - Steve Reiken
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Yvonne Sleiman
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 371 Avenue du Doyen G. Giraud, 34295 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Monia Souidi
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 371 Avenue du Doyen G. Giraud, 34295 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Jan Přibyl
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrey V Kajava
- CRBM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France and University ITMO, St Petersburg 197101, Russia.
| | - Sylvain Richard
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 371 Avenue du Doyen G. Giraud, 34295 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Jonathan T Lu
- Department of Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Philippe Chevalier
- NeuroMyoGène Institute, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Petr Skládal
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Dvořak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Rotrekl
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 60200, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrew R Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Melvin M Scheinman
- San Francisco Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
| | - Alain Lacampagne
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 371 Avenue du Doyen G. Giraud, 34295 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Albano C Meli
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 371 Avenue du Doyen G. Giraud, 34295 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Uto S, Nishizawa S, Hikita A, Takato T, Hoshi K. Application of induced pluripotent stem cells for cartilage regeneration in CLAWN miniature pig osteochondral replacement model. Regen Ther 2018; 9:58-70. [PMID: 30525076 PMCID: PMC6222263 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pluripotent stem cells have an advantage that they can proliferate without reduction of the quality, while they have risk of tumorigenesis. It is desirable that pluripotent stem cells can be utilized safely with minimal effort in cartilage regenerative medicine. To accomplish this, we examined the potential usefulness of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) after minimal treatment via cell isolation and hydrogel embedding for cartilage regeneration using a large animal model. Methods Porcine iPS-like cells were established from the CLAWN miniature pig. In vitro differentiation was examined for porcine iPS-like cells with minimal treatment. For the osteochondral replacement model, osteochondral defect was made in the quarters of the anteromedial sides of the proximal tibias in pigs. Porcine iPS-like cells and human iPS cells with minimal treatment were seeded on scaffold made of thermo-compression-bonded beta-TCP and poly-L-lactic acid and transplanted to the defect, and cartilage regeneration and tumorigenesis were evaluated. Results The in vitro analysis indicated that the minimal treatment was sufficient to weaken the pluripotency of the porcine iPS-like cells, while chondrogenic differentiation did not occur in vitro. When porcine iPS-like cells were transplanted into osteochondral replacement model after minimal treatment in vitro, cartilage regeneration was observed without tumor formation. Additionally, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) indicated that the chondrocytes in the regenerative cartilage originated from transplanted porcine iPS-like cells. Transplantation of human iPS cells also showed the regeneration of cartilage in miniature pigs under immunosuppressive treatment. Conclusion Minimally-treated iPS cells will be a useful cell source for cartilage regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Uto
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoru Nishizawa
- Translational Research Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hikita
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Cell & Tissue Engineering (Fujisoft), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takato
- JR Tokyo General Hospital, 2-1-3 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151-8528, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Repair of Damaged Articular Cartilage: Current Approaches and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082366. [PMID: 30103493 PMCID: PMC6122081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular hyaline cartilage is extensively hydrated, but it is neither innervated nor vascularized, and its low cell density allows only extremely limited self-renewal. Most clinical and research efforts currently focus on the restoration of cartilage damaged in connection with osteoarthritis or trauma. Here, we discuss current clinical approaches for repairing cartilage, as well as research approaches which are currently developing, and those under translation into clinical practice. We also describe potential future directions in this area, including tissue engineering based on scaffolding and/or stem cells as well as a combination of gene and cell therapy. Particular focus is placed on cell-based approaches and the potential of recently characterized chondro-progenitors; progress with induced pluripotent stem cells is also discussed. In this context, we also consider the ability of different types of stem cell to restore hyaline cartilage and the importance of mimicking the environment in vivo during cell expansion and differentiation into mature chondrocytes.
Collapse
|
24
|
Belt H, Koponen JK, Kekarainen T, Puttonen KA, Mäkinen PI, Niskanen H, Oja J, Wirth G, Koistinaho J, Kaikkonen MU, Ylä-Herttuala S. Temporal Dynamics of Gene Expression During Endothelial Cell Differentiation From Human iPS Cells: A Comparison Study of Signalling Factors and Small Molecules. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:16. [PMID: 29594149 PMCID: PMC5861200 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) therapy may promote vascular growth or reendothelization in a variety of disease conditions. However, the production of a cell therapy preparation containing differentiated, dividing cells presenting typical EC phenotype, functional properties and chemokine profile is challenging. We focused on comparative analysis of seven small molecule-mediated differentiation protocols of ECs from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Differentiated cells showed a typical surface antigen pattern of ECs as characterized with flow cytometry analysis, functional properties, such as tube formation and ability to uptake acetylated LDL. Gene expression analysis by RNA sequencing revealed an efficient silencing of pluripotency genes and upregulation of genes related to cellular adhesion during differentiation. In addition, distinct patterns of transcription factor expression were identified during cellular reprogramming providing targets for more effective differentiation protocols in the future. Altogether, our results suggest that the most optimal EC differentiation protocol includes early inhibition of Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase and activation of cyclic AMP signaling, and inhibition of transforming growth factor beta signaling after mesodermal stage. These findings provide the first systematic characterization of the most potent signalling factors and small molecules used to generate ECs from human induced pluripotent stem cells and, consequently, this work improves the existing EC differentiation protocols and opens up new avenues for controlling cell fate for regenerative EC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heini Belt
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jonna K Koponen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Katja A Puttonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Kuopio Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri I Mäkinen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henri Niskanen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joni Oja
- FinVector Vision Therapies Oy, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Galina Wirth
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Koivumäki JT, Naumenko N, Tuomainen T, Takalo J, Oksanen M, Puttonen KA, Lehtonen Š, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Koistinaho J, Tavi P. Structural Immaturity of Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes: In Silico Investigation of Effects on Function and Disease Modeling. Front Physiol 2018; 9:80. [PMID: 29467678 PMCID: PMC5808345 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have emerged as a promising experimental tool for translational heart research and drug development. However, their usability as a human adult cardiomyocyte model is limited by their functional immaturity. Our aim is to analyse quantitatively those characteristics and how they differ from adult CMs. Methods and Results: We have developed a novel in silico model with all essential functional electrophysiology and calcium handling features of hiPSC-CMs. Importantly, the virtual cell recapitulates the immature intracellular ion dynamics that are characteristic for hiPSC-CMs, as quantified based our in vitro imaging data. The strong “calcium clock” is a source for a dual function of excitation-contraction coupling in hiPSC-CMs: action potential and calcium transient morphology vary substantially depending on the activation sequence of underlying ionic currents and fluxes that is altered in spontaneous vs. paced mode. Furthermore, parallel simulations with hiPSC-CM and adult cardiomyocyte models demonstrate the central differences. Results indicate that hiPSC-CMs translate poorly the disease specific phenotypes of Brugada syndrome, long QT Syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, showing less robustness and greater tendency for arrhythmic events than adult CMs. Based on a comparative sensitivity analysis, hiPSC-CMs share some features with adult CMs, but are still functionally closer to prenatal CMs than adult CMs. A database analysis of 3000 hiPSC-CM model variants suggests that hiPSC-CMs recapitulate poorly fundamental physiological properties of adult CMs. Single modifications do not appear to solve this problem, which is mostly contributed by the immaturity of intracellular calcium handling. Conclusion: Our data indicates that translation of findings from hiPSC-CMs to human disease should be made with great caution. Furthermore, we established a mathematical platform that can be used to improve the translation from hiPSC-CMs to human, and to quantitatively evaluate hiPSC-CMs development toward more general and valuable model for human cardiac diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jussi T Koivumäki
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nikolay Naumenko
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi Tuomainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jouni Takalo
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Biophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna Oksanen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja A Puttonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Šárka Lehtonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi Tavi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair: Preclinical Studies and Insights in Translational Animal Models and Outcome Measures. Stem Cells Int 2018. [PMID: 29535784 PMCID: PMC5832141 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9079538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the restricted intrinsic capacity of resident chondrocytes to regenerate the lost cartilage postinjury, stem cell-based therapies have been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach for cartilage repair. Moreover, stem cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been used successfully in preclinical and clinical settings. Despite these promising reports, the exact mechanisms underlying stem cell-mediated cartilage repair remain uncertain. Stem cells can contribute to cartilage repair via chondrogenic differentiation, via immunomodulation, or by the production of paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles. But before novel cell-based therapies for cartilage repair can be introduced into the clinic, rigorous testing in preclinical animal models is required. Preclinical models used in regenerative cartilage studies include murine, lapine, caprine, ovine, porcine, canine, and equine models, each associated with its specific advantages and limitations. This review presents a summary of recent in vitro data and from in vivo preclinical studies justifying the use of MSCs and iPSCs in cartilage tissue engineering. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing small and large animals will be discussed, while also describing suitable outcome measures for evaluating cartilage repair.
Collapse
|
27
|
Murphy C, Mobasheri A, Táncos Z, Kobolák J, Dinnyés A. The Potency of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Cartilage Regeneration and Osteoarthritis Treatment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1079:55-68. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
28
|
Oksanen M, Petersen AJ, Naumenko N, Puttonen K, Lehtonen Š, Gubert Olivé M, Shakirzyanova A, Leskelä S, Sarajärvi T, Viitanen M, Rinne JO, Hiltunen M, Haapasalo A, Giniatullin R, Tavi P, Zhang SC, Kanninen KM, Hämäläinen RH, Koistinaho J. PSEN1 Mutant iPSC-Derived Model Reveals Severe Astrocyte Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1885-1897. [PMID: 29153989 PMCID: PMC5785689 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of cognitive impairment. Due to insufficient understanding of the disease mechanisms, there are no efficient therapies for AD. Most studies have focused on neuronal cells, but astrocytes have also been suggested to contribute to AD pathology. We describe here the generation of functional astrocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from AD patients with PSEN1 ΔE9 mutation, as well as healthy and gene-corrected isogenic controls. AD astrocytes manifest hallmarks of disease pathology, including increased β-amyloid production, altered cytokine release, and dysregulated Ca2+ homeostasis. Furthermore, due to altered metabolism, AD astrocytes show increased oxidative stress and reduced lactate secretion, as well as compromised neuronal supportive function, as evidenced by altering Ca2+ transients in healthy neurons. Our results reveal an important role for astrocytes in AD pathology and highlight the strength of iPSC-derived models for brain diseases. PSEN1 mutant AD astrocytes manifest hallmarks of AD pathology Altered mitochondrial metabolism in AD astrocytes increases oxidative stress AD astrocytes reduce the calcium signaling activity of healthy neurons Astrocytes are important in the pathogenesis of AD
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minna Oksanen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Nikolay Naumenko
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja Puttonen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Šárka Lehtonen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Max Gubert Olivé
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anastasia Shakirzyanova
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stina Leskelä
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Sarajärvi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Viitanen
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Turku, Turku City Hospital, 20700 Turku, Finland; Department of Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20700 Turku, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, 20700 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi Tavi
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riikka H Hämäläinen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li Y, Hai Y, Chen J, Liu T. Differentiating Chondrocytes from Peripheral Blood-derived Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28745632 DOI: 10.3791/55722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used peripheral blood cells (PBCs) as seed cells to produce chondrocytes via induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in an integration-free method. Following embryoid body (EB) formation and fibroblastic cell expansion, the iPSCs are induced for chondrogenic differentiation for 21 days under serum-free and xeno-free conditions. After chondrocyte induction, the phenotypes of the cells are evaluated by morphological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses, as well as by the quantitative real-time PCR examination of chondrogenic differentiation markers. The chondrogenic pellets show positive alcian blue and toluidine blue staining. The immunohistochemistry of collagen II and X staining is also positive. The sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content and the chondrogenic differentiation markers COLLAGEN 2 (COL2), COLLAGEN 10 (COL10), SOX9, and AGGRECAN are significantly upregulated in chondrogenic pellets compared to hiPSCs and fibroblastic cells. These results suggest that PBCs can be used as seed cells to generate iPSCs for cartilage repair, which is patient-specific and cost-effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Li
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yong Hai
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University
| | - Tie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Piltti J, Bygdell J, Fernández-Echevarría C, Marcellino D, Lammi MJ. Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 and hypoxia synergistically enhance chondrocytic phenotype and modify S100 protein profiles in human chondrosarcoma cells. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623370 PMCID: PMC5473921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular chondrocytes are slowly dividing cells that tend to lose their cell type-specific phenotype and ability to produce structurally and functionally correct cartilage tissue when cultured. Thus, culture conditions, which enhance the maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype would be very useful for cartilage research. Here we show that Rho-kinase inhibition by Y-27632 under hypoxic conditions efficiently maintains and even enhances chondrocyte-specific extracellular matrix production by chondrocytic cells. The effects of long-term Y-27632 exposure to human chondrosarcoma 2/8 cell phenotype maintenance and extracellular matrix production were studied at normoxia and at a 5% low oxygen atmosphere. Y-27632 treatment at normoxia induced ACAN and COL2A1 gene up-regulation and a minor increase of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs), while type II collagen expression was not significantly up-regulated. A further increase in expression of ACAN and COL2A1 was achieved with Y-27632 treatment and hypoxia. The production of sGAGs increased by 65.8%, and ELISA analysis revealed a 6-fold up-regulation of type II collagen. Y-27632 also induced the up-regulation of S100-A1 and S100-B proteins and modified the expression of several other S100 protein family members, such as S100-A4, S100-A6, S100-A13 and S100-A16. The up-regulation of S100-A1 and S100-B proteins is suggested to enhance the chondrocytic phenotype of these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juha Piltti
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 9, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Joakim Bygdell
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 10, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel Marcellino
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 9, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikko J Lammi
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 9, 90187, Umeå, Sweden. .,School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The potential of induced pluripotent stem cells as a tool to study skeletal dysplasias and cartilage-related pathologic conditions. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:616-624. [PMID: 27919783 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology has opened up new horizons for development of new research tools especially for skeletal dysplasias, which often lack human disease models. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering could be the next areas to benefit from refinement of iPSC methods to repair focal cartilage defects, while applications for osteoarthritis (OA) and drug screening have evolved rather slowly. Although the advances in iPSC research of skeletal dysplasias and repair of focal cartilage lesions are not directly relevant to OA, they can be considered to pave the way to future prospects and solutions to OA research, too. The same problems which face the present cell-based treatments of cartilage injuries concern also the iPSC-based ones. However, established iPSC lines, which have no genomic aberrations and which efficiently differentiate into extracellular matrix secreting chondrocytes, could be an invaluable cell source for cell transplantations in the future. The safety issues concerning the recipient risks of teratoma formation and immune response still have to be solved before the potential use of iPSCs in cartilage repair of focal cartilage defects and OA.
Collapse
|
32
|
Qu C, Kaitainen S, Kröger H, Lappalainen R, Lammi MJ. Behavior of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Various Titanium-Based Coatings. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9100827. [PMID: 28773947 PMCID: PMC5456604 DOI: 10.3390/ma9100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition and texture of titanium coatings can influence the growth characteristics of the adhered cells. An enhanced proliferation of the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) would be beneficial. The present study was aimed to investigate whether titanium deposited at different atmospheres would affect the cell growth properties, cellular morphology, and expression of surface markers of hMSCs. Titanium-based coatings were deposited on silicon wafers under oxygen, nitrogen, or argon atmospheres by ultra-short pulsed laser deposition using two different gas pressures followed by heating at 400 °C for 2 h. The characteristics of the coated surfaces were determined via contact angle, zeta potential, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Human MSCs were cultivated on differently coated silicon wafers for 48 h. Subsequently, the cell proliferation rates were analyzed with an MTT assay. The phenotype of hMSCs was checked via immunocytochemical stainings of MSC-associated markers CD73, CD90, and CD105, and the adhesion, spreading, and morphology of hMSCs on coated materials via SEM. The cell proliferation rates of the hMSCs were similar on all coated silicon wafers. The hMSCs retained the MSC phenotype by expressing MSC-associated markers and fibroblast-like morphology with cellular projections. Furthermore, no significant differences could be found in the size of the cells when cultured on all various coated surfaces. In conclusion, despite certain differences in the contact angles and the zeta potentials of various titanium-based coatings, no single coating markedly improved the growth characteristics of hMSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjuan Qu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland.
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden.
| | - Salla Kaitainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
| | - Heikki Kröger
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland.
| | - Reijo Lappalainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
| | - Mikko J Lammi
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden.
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health of Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Diederichs S, Gabler J, Autenrieth J, Kynast KL, Merle C, Walles H, Utikal J, Richter W. Differential Regulation of SOX9 Protein During Chondrogenesis of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Versus Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Shortcoming for Cartilage Formation. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:598-609. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Solvig Diederichs
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopedics, Orthopedic University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Gabler
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopedics, Orthopedic University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Autenrieth
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopedics, Orthopedic University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina L. Kynast
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopedics, Orthopedic University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Merle
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Orthopedic University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Translational Center Würzburg ‘Regenerative Therapies in Oncology and Musculoskeletal Diseases’–Würzburg Branch, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopedics, Orthopedic University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lietman SA. Induced pluripotent stem cells in cartilage repair. World J Orthop 2016; 7:149-155. [PMID: 27004161 PMCID: PMC4794532 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v7.i3.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage repair techniques are challenging. Human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) theoretically provide an unlimited number of specialized cells which could be used in articular cartilage repair. However thus far chondrocytes from iPSCs have been created primarily by viral transfection and with the use of cocultured feeder cells. In addition chondrocytes derived from iPSCs have usually been formed in condensed cell bodies (resembling embryoid bodies) that then require dissolution with consequent substantial loss of cell viability and phenotype. All of these current techniques used to derive chondrocytes from iPSCs are problematic but solutions to these problems are on the horizon. These solutions will make iPSCs a viable alternative for articular cartilage repair in the near future.
Collapse
|
35
|
Techniques of Human Embryonic Stem Cell and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derivation. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 64:349-70. [PMID: 26939778 PMCID: PMC5021740 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Developing procedures for the derivation of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) gave rise to novel pathways into regenerative medicine research. For many years, stem cells have attracted attention as a potentially unlimited cell source for cellular therapy in neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and spinal cord injuries, for example. In these studies, adult stem cells were insufficient; therefore, many attempts were made to obtain PSCs by other means. This review discusses key issues concerning the techniques of pluripotent cell acquisition. Technical and ethical issues hindered the medical use of somatic cell nuclear transfer and embryonic stem cells. Therefore, induced PSCs (iPSCs) emerged as a powerful technique with great potential for clinical applications, patient-specific disease modelling and pharmaceutical studies. The replacement of viral vectors or the administration of analogous proteins or chemical compounds during cell reprogramming are modifications designed to reduce tumorigenesis risk and to augment the procedure efficiency. Intensified analysis of new PSC lines revealed other barriers to overcome, such as epigenetic memory, disparity between human and mouse pluripotency, and variable response to differentiation of some iPSC lines. Thus, multidimensional verification must be conducted to fulfil strict clinical-grade requirements. Nevertheless, the first clinical trials in patients with spinal cord injury and macular dystrophy were recently carried out with differentiated iPSCs, encouraging alternative strategies for potential autologous cellular therapies.
Collapse
|
36
|
Holmqvist S, Lehtonen Š, Chumarina M, Puttonen KA, Azevedo C, Lebedeva O, Ruponen M, Oksanen M, Djelloul M, Collin A, Goldwurm S, Meyer M, Lagarkova M, Kiselev S, Koistinaho J, Roybon L. Creation of a library of induced pluripotent stem cells from Parkinsonian patients. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2016; 2:16009. [PMID: 28725696 PMCID: PMC5516589 DOI: 10.1038/npjparkd.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are becoming an important source of pre-clinical models for research focusing on neurodegeneration. They offer the possibility for better understanding of common and divergent pathogenic mechanisms of brain diseases. Moreover, iPSCs provide a unique opportunity to develop personalized therapeutic strategies, as well as explore early pathogenic mechanisms, since they rely on the use of patients' own cells that are otherwise accessible only post-mortem, when neuronal death-related cellular pathways and processes are advanced and adaptive. Neurodegenerative diseases are in majority of unknown cause, but mutations in specific genes can lead to familial forms of these diseases. For example, mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 gene lead to the motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), while mutations in the SNCA gene encoding for alpha-synuclein protein lead to familial Parkinson's disease (PD). The generations of libraries of familial human ALS iPSC lines have been described, and the iPSCs rapidly became useful models for studying cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous mechanisms of the disease. Here we report the generation of a comprehensive library of iPSC lines of familial PD and an associated synucleinopathy, multiple system atrophy (MSA). In addition, we provide examples of relevant neural cell types these iPSC can be differentiated into, and which could be used to further explore early disease mechanisms. These human cellular models will be a valuable resource for identifying common and divergent mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration in PD and MSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Staffan Holmqvist
- Stem Cell Laboratory for CNS Disease Modeling, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC A10, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Strategic Research Area MultiPark, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Šárka Lehtonen
- Stem Cell Laboratory of Molecular Brain Research Group, Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Margarita Chumarina
- Stem Cell Laboratory for CNS Disease Modeling, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC A10, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Strategic Research Area MultiPark, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katja A Puttonen
- Stem Cell Laboratory of Molecular Brain Research Group, Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carla Azevedo
- Stem Cell Laboratory for CNS Disease Modeling, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC A10, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Strategic Research Area MultiPark, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olga Lebedeva
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marika Ruponen
- Stem Cell Laboratory of Molecular Brain Research Group, Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Oksanen
- Stem Cell Laboratory of Molecular Brain Research Group, Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mehdi Djelloul
- Stem Cell Laboratory for CNS Disease Modeling, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC A10, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Strategic Research Area MultiPark, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Collin
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Biobanks, Office for Medical Services, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefano Goldwurm
- Parkinson Institute, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Milan, Italy
| | - Morten Meyer
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Lagarkova
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei Kiselev
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Stem Cell Laboratory of Molecular Brain Research Group, Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- ()
| | - Laurent Roybon
- Stem Cell Laboratory for CNS Disease Modeling, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC A10, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Strategic Research Area MultiPark, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- ()
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Puttonen KA, Ruponen M, Naumenko N, Hovatta OH, Tavi P, Koistinaho J. Generation of Functional Neuromuscular Junctions from Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:473. [PMID: 26696831 PMCID: PMC4672046 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several neuromuscular diseases involve dysfunction of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), yet there are no patient-specific human models for electrophysiological characterization of NMJ. We seeded cells of neurally-induced embryoid body-like spheres derived from induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) or embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines as monolayers without basic fibroblast factor (bFGF) and observed differentiation of neuronal as well as spontaneously contracting, multinucleated skeletal myotubes. The myotubes showed striation, immunoreactivity for myosin heavy chain, actin bundles typical for myo-oriented cells, and generated spontaneous and evoked action potentials (APs). The myogenic differentiation was associated with expression of MyoD1, myogenin and type I ryanodine receptor. Neurons formed end plate like structures with strong binding of α-bungarotoxin, a marker of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors highly expressed in the postsynaptic membrane of NMJs, and expressed SMI-32, a motoneuron marker, as well as SV2, a marker for synapses. Pharmacological stimulation of cholinergic receptors resulted in strong depolarization of myotube membrane and raised Ca2+ concentration in sarcoplasm, while electrical stimulation evoked Ca2+ transients in myotubes. Stimulation of motoneurons with N-Methyl-D-aspartate resulted in reproducible APs in myotubes and end plates displayed typical mEPPs and tonic activity depolarizing myotubes of about 10 mV. We conclude that simultaneous differentiation of neurons and myotubes from patient-specific iPSCs or ESCs results also in the development of functional NMJs. Our human model of NMJ may serve as an important tool to investigate normal development, mechanisms of diseases and novel drug targets involving NMJ dysfunction and degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja A Puttonen
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marika Ruponen
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland ; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nikolay Naumenko
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland
| | - Outi H Hovatta
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pasi Tavi
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Piltti J, Varjosalo M, Qu C, Häyrinen J, Lammi MJ. Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 increases cellular proliferation and migration in human foreskin fibroblast cells. Proteomics 2015; 15:2953-65. [PMID: 25951301 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The idea of direct differentiation of somatic cells into other differentiated cell types has attracted a great interest recently. Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (ROCKi) is a potential drug molecule, which has been reported to support the gene expressions typical for the chondrocytes, thus restricting their phenotypic conversion to fibroblastic cells upon the cellular expansion. In this study, we have investigated the short-term biological responses of ROCKi to human primary foreskin fibroblasts. The fibroblast cells were exposed to 1 and 10 μM ROCKi treatments. A proteomics analysis revealed expression changes of 56 proteins, and a further protein pathway analysis suggested their association with the cell morphology, the organization, and the increased cellular movement and the proliferation. These functional responses were confirmed by a Cell-IQ time-lapse imaging analysis. Rho-kinase inhibitor treatment increased the cellular proliferation up to twofold during the first 12 h, and a wound model based migration assay showed 50% faster filling of the mechanically generated wound area. Additionally, significantly less vinculin-associated focal adhesions were present in the ROCKi-treated cells. Despite the marked changes in the cell behavior, ROCKi was not able to induce the expression of the chondrocyte-specific genes, such as procollagen α1 (II) and aggrecan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juha Piltti
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chengjuan Qu
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Häyrinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko J Lammi
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Many technologies that underpin tissue engineering as a research field were developed with the aim of producing functional human cartilage in vitro. Much of our practical experience with three-dimensional cultures, tissue bioreactors, scaffold materials, stem cells, and differentiation protocols was gained using cartilage as a model system. Despite these advances, however, generation of engineered cartilage matrix with the composition, structure, and mechanical properties of mature articular cartilage has not yet been achieved. Currently, the major obstacles to synthesis of clinically useful cartilage constructs are our inability to control differentiation to the extent needed, and the failure of engineered and host tissues to integrate after construct implantation. The aim of this chapter is to distil from the large available body of literature the seminal approaches and experimental techniques developed for cartilage tissue engineering and to identify those specific areas requiring further research effort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline M Doran
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, 218, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Karjalainen HM, Qu C, Leskelä SS, Rilla K, Lammi MJ. Chondrocytic cells express the taurine transporter on their plasma membrane and regulate its expression under anisotonic conditions. Amino Acids 2014; 47:561-70. [PMID: 25501278 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Taurine is a small organic osmolyte which participates in cell volume regulation. Chondrocytes have been shown to accumulate and release taurine; in bone, taurine participates in bone metabolism. However, its role in skeletal cells is poorly understood, especially in chondrocytes. This study investigated the regulation of taurine transporter in chondrocytic cells. We examined the transcriptional regulation of the taurine transporter under anisotonia by reporter gene and real-time RT-PCR assays. The effect of providing supplementary taurine on cell viability was evaluated with the lactate dehydrogenase release assay. The localization of the taurine transporter in human chondrosarcoma cells was studied by overexpressing a taurine transporter-enhanced green fluorescent protein. We observed that the transcription of the taurine transporter gene was up-regulated in hypertonic conditions. Hyperosmolarity-related cell death could be partly abolished by taurine supplementation in the medium. As expected, the fluorescently labeled taurine transporter localized at the plasma membrane. In polarized epithelial MDCK cells, the strongest fluorescence signal was located in the lateral cell membrane area. We also observed that the taurine transporter gene was expressed in several human tissues and malignant cell lines. This is the first study to present information on the transcriptional regulation of taurine transporter gene and the localization of the taurine transporter protein in chondrocytic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannu M Karjalainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ye J, Hong J, Ye F. Reprogramming rat embryonic fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells using transposon vectors and their chondrogenic differentiation in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:989-94. [PMID: 25352256 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been known that the successful reprogramming of differentiated human somatic cells into a pluripotent state would allow for the creation of cartilage cells. However, current virus‑mediated strategies to form induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are limited in their clinical application due to exogenous gene modification. In the present study, the piggyBac transposon system carrying corresponding genes (Oct3/4, Klf4, Sox2 and c‑Myc) was employed to reprogram rat embryonic fibroblasts (REFs) into iPSCs, and the transposon‑carried genes were successfully removed by a transposase system. Furthermore, the differentiation capacity of the iPSCs into chondrocytes was investigated in vitro. A typical chondrocyte marker, collagen‑II, was expressed following culture. In conclusion, rat iPSCs without genetic modification were obtained from REFs using the piggyBac transposon system and the transposase mPB system, and these cells possessed the capacity of chondrocyte differentiation, suggesting that this method may be an effective approach for the treatment of cartilage disorders in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiakuan Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311202, P.R. China
| | - Junyi Hong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311202, P.R. China
| | - Fusheng Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311202, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hovatta O, Rodin S, Antonsson L, Tryggvason K. Concise review: animal substance-free human embryonic stem cells aiming at clinical applications. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:1269-74. [PMID: 25298372 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells have been considered the gold standard as a cell source for regenerative medicine since they were first cultured in 1998. They are pluripotent and can form principally all the cells types in the body. They are obtained from supernumerary human in vitro fertilization embryos that cannot be used for infertility treatment. Following studies on factors regulating pluripotency and differentiation, we now have techniques to establish and effectively expand these cells in animal substance-free conditions, even from single cells biopsied from eight-cell stage embryos in chemically defined feeder-free cultures. The genetic stability and absence of tumorigenic mutations can be determined. There are satisfactory animal tests for functionality and safety. The first clinical trials are ongoing for two indications: age-related macular degeneration and spinal cord injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Outi Hovatta
- Departments of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology and Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Sergey Rodin
- Departments of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology and Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Liselotte Antonsson
- Departments of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology and Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Departments of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology and Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Im GI. Coculture in Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:545-54. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Il Im
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pomeshchik Y, Puttonen KA, Kidin I, Ruponen M, Lehtonen S, Malm T, Åkesson E, Hovatta O, Koistinaho J. Transplanted Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Progenitor Cells Do Not Promote Functional Recovery of Pharmacologically Immunosuppressed Mice With Contusion Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Transplant 2014; 24:1799-812. [PMID: 25203632 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x684079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved functional recovery after spinal cord injury by transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem/progenitor cells (iPSC-NPCs) has been reported. However, beneficial effects of iPSC-based therapy have so far been produced mostly using genetically immunodeficient rodents. Because of the long time required for generation and characterization of iPSCs, the use of autologous iPSCs for treating patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is not feasible. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to investigate the effect of iPSC-based therapy on functional recovery after SCI using pharmacologically immunosuppressed, immunocompetent animal models. Here we studied the functional outcome following subacute transplantation of human iPSC-derived NPCs into contused mouse spinal cord when tacrolimus was used as an immunosuppressive agent. We show that human iPSC-derived NPCs transplanted into pharmacologically immunosuppressed C57BL/6J mice exhibited poor long-term survival and failed to improve functional recovery after SCI as measured by Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) for locomotion and CatWalk gait analysis when compared to vehicle-treated animals. The scarce effect of iPSC-based therapy observed in the current study may be attributable to insufficient immunosuppressive effect, provided by monotherapy with tacrolimus in combination with immunogenicity of transplanted cells and complex microenvironment of the injured spinal cord. Our results highlight the importance of extensive preclinical studies of transplanted cells before the clinical application of iPSC-based cell therapy is achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Pomeshchik
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Prittinen J, Jiang Y, Ylärinne JH, Pakkanen TA, Lammi MJ, Qu C. Chondrocyte behavior on nanostructured micropillar polypropylene and polystyrene surfaces. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 43:424-31. [PMID: 25175232 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate whether patterned polypropylene (PP) or polystyrene (PS) could enhance the chondrocytes' extracellular matrix (ECM) production and phenotype maintenance. Bovine primary chondrocytes were cultured on smooth PP and PS, as well as on nanostructured micropillar PP (patterned PP) and PS (patterned PS) for 2 weeks. Subsequently, the samples were collected for fluorescein diacetate-based cell viability tests, for immunocytochemical assays of types I and II collagen, actin and vinculin, for scanning electronic microscopic analysis of cell morphology and distribution, and for gene expression assays of Sox9, aggrecan, procollagen α1(II), procollagen α1(X), and procollagen α2(I) using quantitative RT-PCR assays. After two weeks of culture, the bovine primary chondrocytes had attached on both patterned PP and PS, while practically no adhesion was observed on smooth PP. However, the best adhesion of the cells was on smooth PS. The cells, which attached on patterned PP and PS surfaces synthesized types I and II collagen. The chondrocytes' morphology was extended, and an abundant ECM network formed around the attached chondrocytes on both patterned PP and PS. Upon passaging, no significant differences on the chondrocyte-specific gene expression were observed, although the highest expression level of aggrecan was observed on the patterned PS in passage 1 chondrocytes, and the expression level of procollagen α1(II) appeared to decrease in passaged chondrocytes. However, the expressions of procollagen α2(I) were increased in all passaged cell cultures. In conclusion, the bovine primary chondrocytes could be grown on patterned PS and PP surfaces, and they produced extracellular matrix network around the adhered cells. However, neither the patterned PS nor PP could prevent the dedifferentiation of chondrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juha Prittinen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Janne H Ylärinne
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tapani A Pakkanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Mikko J Lammi
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Chengjuan Qu
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen JL, Duan L, Zhu W, Xiong J, Wang D. Extracellular matrix production in vitro in cartilage tissue engineering. J Transl Med 2014; 12:88. [PMID: 24708713 PMCID: PMC4233628 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage tissue engineering is arising as a technique for the repair of cartilage lesions in clinical applications. However, fibrocartilage formation weakened the mechanical functions of the articular, which compromises the clinical outcomes. Due to the low proliferation ability, dedifferentiation property and low production of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) of the chondrocytes, the cartilage synthesis in vitro has been one of the major limitations for obtaining high-quality engineered cartilage constructs. This review discusses cells, biomaterial scaffolds and stimulating factors that can facilitate the cartilage-specific ECM production and accumulation in the in vitro culture system. Special emphasis has been put on the factors that affect the production of ECM macromolecules such as collagen type II and proteoglycans in the review, aiming at providing new strategies to improve the quality of tissue-engineered cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Qu C, Rilla K, Tammi R, Tammi M, Kröger H, Lammi MJ. Extensive CD44-dependent hyaluronan coats on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells produced by hyaluronan synthases HAS1, HAS2 and HAS3. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 48:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
48
|
Park S, Im GI. Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells for skeletal regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 20:381-91. [PMID: 24206162 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering for skeletal tissues including bone and cartilage have been focused on the use of adult stem cells. Although there are several pioneering researches on skeletal tissue regeneration from embryonic stem cells (ESCs), ethical issues and the possibility of immune rejection clouded further attention to the application of ESCs for nonlethal orthopedic conditions. However, the recent discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) led to reconsider the use of these pluripotential cells for skeletal regeneration. The purpose of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of osteogenic and chondrogenic induction from ESCs and iPSCs and to provide a perspective on the application of iPSCs for skeletal regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Park
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital , Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|