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Introduction to three-dimensional printing in medicine. 3D Print Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-89831-7.00008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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2
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Ranjbarnejad F, Khazaei M, Shahryari A, Khazaei F, Rezakhani L. Recent advances in gene therapy for bone tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:1121-1137. [PMID: 36382408 DOI: 10.1002/term.3363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Autografting, a major treatment for bone fractures, has potential risks related to the required surgery and disease transmission. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the most common osteogenic factors used for bone-healing applications. However, BMP delivery can have shortcomings such as a short half-life and the high cost of manufacturing the recombinant proteins. Gene delivery methods have demonstrated promising alternative strategies for producing BMPs or other osteogenic factors using engineered cells. These approaches can also enable temporal overexpression and local production of the therapeutic genes in the target tissues. This review addresses recent progress on engineered viral, non-viral, and RNA-mediated gene delivery systems that are being used for bone repair and regeneration. Advances in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 genome engineering for bone tissue regeneration also is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ranjbarnejad
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahryari
- Tools for Bio-Imaging, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Khazaei
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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A composite, off-the-shelf osteoinductive material for large, vascularized bone flap prefabrication. Acta Biomater 2022; 154:641-649. [PMID: 36261107 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We previously described an immortalized, genetically-engineered human Mesenchymal stromal cell line to generate BMP2-enriched Chondrogenic Matrices (MB-CM), which after devitalization and storage could efficiently induce ectopic bone tissue by endochondral ossification. In order to increase the efficiency of MB-CM utilization towards engineering scaled-up bone structures, here we hypothesized that MB-CM can retain osteoinductive properties when combined with an osteoconductive material. We first tested different volumetric ratios of MB-CM:SmartBone® (as clinically used, osteoconductive reference material) and assessed the bone formation capacity of the resulting composites following ectopic mouse implantation. After 8 weeks, as little as 25% of MB-CM was sufficient to induce bone formation and fusion across SmartBone® granules, generating large interconnected bony structures. The same composite percentage was then further assessed in a scaled-up model, namely within an axially-vascularized, confined, ectopically prefabricated flap (0.8 cm3) in rats. The material efficiently induced the formation of new bone (31% of the cross-sectional area after 8 weeks), including bone marrow and vascular elements, throughout the flap volume. Our findings outline a strategy for efficient use of MB-CM as part of a composite material, thereby reducing the amount required to fill large spaces and enabling utilization in critically sized grafts, to address challenging clinical scenarios in bone reconstruction. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Most bone repair strategies rely either on osteconductive properties of ceramics and devitalized bone, or osteoinductive properties of growth factors and extracellular matrices (ECM). Here we designed a composite material made of a clinically accepted osteoconductive material and an off-the-shelf tissue engineered human cartilage ECM with strong osteoinductive properties. We showed that low amount of osteoinductive ECM potentiated host cells recruitment to form large vascularized bone structures in two different animal models, one being a challenging prefabricated bone-flap model targeting challenging clinical bone repair. Overall, this study highlights the use of a promising human off-the-shelf material for accelerated healing towards clinical applications.
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Kok AC, den Dunnen S, Lambers KT, Kerkhoffs GM, Tuijthof GJ. Feasibility Study to Determine if Microfracture Surgery Using Water Jet Drilling Is Potentially Safe for Talar Chondral Defects in a Caprine Model. Cartilage 2021; 13:1627S-1636S. [PMID: 31646879 PMCID: PMC8721612 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519880332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surgical microfracture is considered a first-line treatment for talar osteochondral defects. However, current rigid awls and drills limit access to all locations in human joints and increase risk of heat necrosis of bone. Using a flexible water jet instrument to drill holes can improve the reachability of the defect without inducing thermal damage. The aim of this feasibility study is to determine whether water jet drilling is potentially safe compared with conventional microfracture awls by studying side effects and perioperative complications, as well as the quality of cartilage repair tissue. DESIGN Talar chondral defects with 6-mm diameter were created bilaterally in 6 goats (12 samples). One defect in each goat was treated with microfracture created with conventional awls, the contralateral defect was treated with holes created with 5-second water jet bursts at a pressure of 50 MPa. Postoperative complications were recorded and after 24 weeks analyses were performed using the ICRS (International Cartilage Repair Society) macroscopic score and modified O'Driscoll histological score. RESULTS Several practical issues using the water jet in the operating theatre were noted. Water jet drilling resulted in fibrocartilage repair tissue similar to the repair tissue from conventional awls. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that water jet drilling gives adequate fibrocartilage repair tissue. Furthermore, the results highlight essential prerequisites for safe application of surgical water jet drilling: stable water pressure, water jet beam coherence, stable positioning of the nozzle head when jetting, and minimizing excessive fluid extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee C. Kok
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Amsterdam Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement
Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands,Aimee C. Kok, Department of Orthopaedic
Surgery, Amsterdam Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ,
Netherlands.
| | - Steven den Dunnen
- Department of BioMechanical Engineering,
Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Kaj T.A. Lambers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Amsterdam Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement
Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gino M.M.J. Kerkhoffs
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Amsterdam Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement
Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gabrielle J.M. Tuijthof
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Amsterdam Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement
Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands,Department of BioMechanical Engineering,
Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
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Challenge Tooth Regeneration in Adult Dogs with Dental Pulp Stem Cells on 3D-Printed Hydroxyapatite/Polylactic Acid Scaffolds. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123277. [PMID: 34943785 PMCID: PMC8699437 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth regeneration is an important issue. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of using adult dental pulp stem cells on polylactic acid scaffolds for tooth regeneration. Three teeth were extracted from each side of the lower jaws of two adult dogs. In the experimental group, dental pulp stem cells were isolated and seeded in the 3D-printed hydroxyapatite/polylactic acid (HA/PLA) scaffolds for transplantation into left lower jaw of each dog. The right-side jaw of each dog was transplanted with cell-free scaffolds as the control group. Polychrome sequentially labeling was performed for observation of mineralization. Dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) irradiation was used for assessment. Nine months after surgery, dogs were euthanized, and the lower jaws of dogs were sectioned and fixed for histological observation with hematoxylin and eosin staining. The results showed that the degree of mineralization in the experimental group with cells seeded in the scaffolds was significantly higher than that of the control group transplanted with cell-free scaffolds. However, the HA/PLA scaffolds were not completely absorbed in both groups. It is concluded that dental pulp stem cells are important for the mineralization of tooth regeneration. A more rapid absorbable material was required for scaffold design for tooth regeneration.
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Liang Y, Zhou R, Liu X, Liu Z, You L, Chen C, Ye X. Investigation into the effects of leukemia inhibitory factor on the bone repair capacity of BMSCs-loaded BCP scaffolds in the mouse calvarial bone defect model. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2021; 53:381-391. [PMID: 34110599 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-021-09899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is known to play a major role in bone physiology. In the present study, we examined the in vitro effects of LIF on osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and explored in vivo effects of LIF on the bone repair capacity of BMSCs-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds in mouse calvarial bone defect model. The mRNA and protein expression levels in the BMSCs were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot, respectively; the in vitro osteoblast differentiation of the BMSCs was evaluated by using Alizarin Red S staining. The bone volume and bone density in the repaired calvarial bone defect were determined by Micro-CT. Bone regeneration was also histologically evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining. Hypoxia treatment induced the up-regulation of Lif mRNA and LIF protein in the BMSCs. Lif overexpression up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of osteopontin and Runt-related transcription factor 2, and increased intensity of Alizarin Red S staining in the BMSCs; while Lif silence exerted the opposite effects. The in vivo studies showed that implantation of Lif-overexpressing BMSCs-loaded BCP scaffolds significantly increased the bone volume and bone density at 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation, and promoted the regeneration of bone tissues in the mouse calvarial bone defect at 8 weeks after transplantation when compared to the BMSCs-loaded BCP scaffolds group; while Lif-silencing BMSCs-loaded BCP scaffolds had the opposite effects. The present study for the first time demonstrated that LIF promoted the in vitro osteoblast differentiation of hypoxia-treated BMSCs; and further studies revealed that LIF exerted enhanced effects on the bone repair capacity of BMSCs-load BCP scaffolds in mouse calvarial bone defect model. However, future studies are warranted to determine the detailed mechanisms of LIF in the large-scale bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youde Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China. .,Department of Stomatology, Southern University of Science and Technology Yantian Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ruiping Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Southern University of Science and Technology Yantian Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Southern University of Science and Technology Yantian Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhikang Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Southern University of Science and Technology Yantian Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin You
- Department of Stomatology, Southern University of Science and Technology Yantian Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Southern University of Science and Technology Yantian Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoling Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Southern University of Science and Technology Yantian Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Hayashi K, Kishida R, Tsuchiya A, Ishikawa K. Honeycomb blocks composed of carbonate apatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite for bone regeneration: effects of composition on biological responses. Mater Today Bio 2019; 4:100031. [PMID: 32159156 PMCID: PMC7061555 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2019.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic scaffolds exhibiting bone repair ability equal to that of autogenous bone are required in the fields of orthopedics and dentistry. A suitable synthetic bone graft substitute should induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis. In this study, three types of honeycomb blocks (HCBs), composed of hydroxyapatite (HAp), β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and carbonate apatite (CO3Ap), were fabricated, and the effects of HCB composition on bone formation and maturation were investigated. The HC structure was selected to promote cell penetration and tissue ingrowth. HAp and β-TCP HCBs were fabricated by extrusion molding followed by sintering. The CO3Ap HCBs were fabricated by extrusion molding followed by sintering and dissolution-precipitation reactions. These HCBs had similar macroporous structures: all harbored uniformly distributed macropores (∼160 μm) that were regularly arrayed and penetrated the blocks unidirectionally. Moreover, the volumes of macropores were nearly equal (∼0.15 cm3/g). The compressive strengths of CO3Ap, HAp, and β-TCP HCBs were 22.8 ± 3.5, 34.2 ± 3.3, and 24.4 ± 2.4 MPa, respectively. Owing to the honeycomb-type macroporous structure, the compressive strengths of these HCBs were higher than those of commercial scaffolds with intricate three-dimensional or unidirectional macroporous structure. Notably, bone maturation was markedly faster in CO3Ap HCB grafting than in β-TCP and HAp HCB grafting, and the mature bone area percentages for CO3Ap HCBs at postsurgery weeks 4 and 12 were 14.3- and 4.3-fold higher and 7.5- and 1.4-fold higher than those for HAp and β-TCP HCBs, respectively. The differences in bone maturation and formation were probably caused by the disparity in concentrations of calcium ions surrounding the HCBs, which were dictated by the inherent material resorption behavior and mechanism; generally, CO3Ap is resorbed only by osteoclastic resorption, HAp is not resorbed, and β-TCP is rapidly dissolved even in the absence of osteoclasts. Besides the composition, the microporous structure of HC struts, inevitably generated during the formation of HCBs of various compositions, may contribute to the differences in bone maturation and formation.
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Key Words
- Bone regeneration
- Bone-graft substitute
- Fourier transform infrared, FTIR
- Osteogenesis
- Osteogenic differentiation
- Scaffold
- blood vessels, BV
- calcium phosphate, CaP
- carbonate apatite, CO3Ap
- hematoxylin-eosin, HE
- honeycomb blocks, HCBs
- honeycomb, HC
- hydroxyapatite, HAp
- mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs
- osteoblast, OB
- osteoclasts, OCs
- postoperative week, POW
- tricalcium phosphate, TCP
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hayashi
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Duan W, Chen C, Haque M, Hayes D, Lopez MJ. Polymer-mineral scaffold augments in vivo equine multipotent stromal cell osteogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018. [PMID: 29523214 PMCID: PMC5845133 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Use of bioscaffolds to direct osteogenic differentiation of adult multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) without exogenous proteins is a contemporary approach to bone regeneration. Identification of in vivo osteogenic contributions of exogenous MSCs on bioscaffolds after long-term implantation is vital to understanding cell persistence and effect duration. Methods This study was designed to quantify in vivo equine MSC osteogenesis on synthetic polymer scaffolds with distinct mineral combinations 9 weeks after implantation in a murine model. Cryopreserved, passage (P)1, equine bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSC) and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ASC) were culture expanded to P3 and immunophenotyped with flow cytometry. They were then loaded by spinner flask on to scaffolds composed of tricalcium phosphate (TCP)/hydroxyapatite (HA) (40:60; HT), polyethylene glycol (PEG)/poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) (60:40; GA), or PEG/PLLA/TCP/HA (36:24:24:16; GT). Scaffolds with and without cells were maintained in static culture for up to 21 days or implanted subcutaneously in athymic mice that were radiographed every 3 weeks up to 9 weeks. In vitro cell viability and proliferation were determined. Explant composition (double-stranded (ds)DNA, collagen, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), protein), equine and murine osteogenic target gene expression, microcomputed tomography (μCT) mineralization, and light microscopic structure were assessed. Results The ASC and BMSC number increased significantly in HT constructs between 7 and 21 days of culture, and BMSCs increased similarly in GT constructs. Radiographic opacity increased with time in GT-BMSC constructs. Extracellular matrix (ECM) components and dsDNA increased significantly in GT compared to HT constructs. Equine and murine osteogenic gene expression was highest in BMSC constructs with mineral-containing scaffolds. The HT constructs with either cell type had the highest mineral deposition based on μCT. Regardless of composition, scaffolds with cells had more ECM than those without, and osteoid was apparent in all BMSC constructs. Conclusions In this study, both exogenous and host MSCs appear to contribute to in vivo osteogenesis. Addition of mineral to polymer scaffolds enhances equine MSC osteogenesis over polymer alone, but pure mineral scaffold provides superior osteogenic support. These results emphasize the need for bioscaffolds that provide customized osteogenic direction of both exo- and endogenous MSCs for the best regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Duan
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Masudul Haque
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Daniel Hayes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mandi J Lopez
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Rh Owen G, Dard M, Larjava H. Hydoxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate biphasic ceramics as regenerative material for the repair of complex bone defects. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:2493-2512. [PMID: 29266701 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a composite material composed of collagen and calcium phosphate (CaP) mineral. The collagen gives bone its flexibility while the inorganic material gives bone its resilience. The CaP in bone is similar in composition and structure to the mineral hydroxyapatite (HA) and is bioactive, osteoinductive and osteoconductive. Therefore synthetic versions of bone apatite (BA) have been developed to address the demand for autologous bone graft substitutes. Synthetic HA (s-HA) are stiff and strong, but brittle. These lack of physical attributes limit the use of synthetic apatites in situations where no physical loading of the apatite occurs. s-HA chemical properties differ from BA and thus change the physical and mechanical properties of the material. Consequently, s-HA is more chemically stable than BA and thus its resorption rate is slower than the rate of bone regeneration. One solution to this problem is to introduce a faster resorbing CaP, such as β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), when synthesizing the material creating a biphasic (s-HA and β-TCP) formulation of calcium phosphate (BCP). The focus of this review is to introduce the major differences between BCP and biological apatites and how material scientists have overcome the inadequacies of the synthetic counterparts. Examples of BCP performance in vitro and in vivo following structural and chemical modifications are provided as well as novel ultrastructural data. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2493-2512, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gethin Rh Owen
- Department of Oral, Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Michel Dard
- College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Hannu Larjava
- Department of Oral, Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Chen M, Ouyang L, Lu T, Wang H, Meng F, Yang Y, Ning C, Ma J, Liu X. Enhanced Bioactivity and Bacteriostasis of Surface Fluorinated Polyetheretherketone. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:16824-16833. [PMID: 28474880 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been considered as a potential orthopedic and dental application material due to its similar elastic modulus as bones, inferior osseointegration and bacteriostasis of PEEK hampers its clinical application. In this work, fluorinated PEEK was constructed via plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) followed by hydrofluoric acid treatment to ameliorate the osseointegration and antibacterial properties of PEEK. The surface microstructure, composition, and hydrophilicity of all samples were investigated. Rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were cultured on their surfaces to estimate bioactivity. The fluorinated PEEK can enhance the cell adhesion, cell spreading, proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity compared to pristine PEEK. Furthermore, the fluorinated PEEK surface exhibits good bacteriostatic effect against Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is one of the major periodontal pathogens. In summary, we provide an effective route to introduce fluorine and the results reveal that the fluorinated PEEK can enhance the osseointegration and bacteriostasis, which provides a potential candidate for dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Liping Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Heying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Fanhao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Congqin Ning
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Jingzhi Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
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Osteogenic Differentiation Capacity of In Vitro Cultured Human Skeletal Muscle for Expedited Bone Tissue Engineering. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8619385. [PMID: 28210626 PMCID: PMC5292195 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8619385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Expedited bone tissue engineering employs the biological stimuli to harness the intrinsic regenerative potential of skeletal muscle to trigger the reparative process in situ to improve or replace biological functions. When genetically modified with adenovirus mediated BMP2 gene transfer, muscle biopsies from animals have demonstrated success in regenerating bone within rat bony defects. However, it is uncertain whether the human adult skeletal muscle displays an osteogenic potential in vitro when a suitable biological trigger is applied. In present study, human skeletal muscle cultured in a standard osteogenic medium supplemented with dexamethasone demonstrated significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity approximately 24-fold over control at 2-week time point. More interestingly, measurement of mRNA levels revealed the dramatic results for osteoblast transcripts of alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoproteins, transcription factor CBFA1, collagen type I, and osteocalcin. Calcified mineral deposits were demonstrated on superficial layers of muscle discs after an extended 8-week osteogenic induction. Taken together, these are the first data supporting human skeletal muscle tissue as a promising potential target for expedited bone regeneration, which of the technologies is a valuable method for tissue repair, being not only effective but also inexpensive and clinically expeditious.
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Manassero M, Paquet J, Deschepper M, Viateau V, Retortillo J, Bensidhoum M, Logeart-Avramoglou D, Petite H. Comparison of Survival and Osteogenic Ability of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Orthotopic and Ectopic Sites in Mice. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:534-44. [PMID: 26896389 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue constructs containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are appealing strategies for repairing large segmental bone defects, but they do not allow consistent bone healing and early cell death was identified as a cause of failure. However, little is known about cell survival in the clinical microenvironment encountered during bone healing process. Osteoconductive coral scaffold with or without luciferase-labeled human MSCs were implanted either in a critical segmental femoral bone defect stabilized by plate or subcutaneously in 44 mice. Cell survival was evaluated by serial bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and osteogenic capabilities by histology and microcomputed tomography. Comparisons between groups were performed with two-way analysis of variance test. Twenty mice were sacrificed 2 weeks after surgery for short-term evaluation and 24 mice at 10 weeks for long-term evaluation. BLI provided evidence of fast and continuous cell death: 85% decrease of the BLI signal over the first 2 weeks in both locations; in fact, less than 2% of the initial cell number was present in all constructs analyzed 4 weeks postimplantation and less than 1% of the initial cell number by 8 weeks postimplantation. By 2 weeks postimplantation, the amount of newly formed bone was self-limited and was similar to ectopic and orthotopic groups. By 10 weeks postimplantation, bone formation was significantly enhanced in the presence of MSCs in orthotopic site and the amount of newly formed bone in cell-containing constructs implanted in orthotopic locations was significantly higher than that observed in the ectopic group. Our results indicated that hMSCs promote bone formation despite early and massive cell death when loaded on coral scaffolds. Interestingly, bone formation was higher in orthotopic than ectopic site despite the same survival pattern. Ectopic implantation of cell-containing constructs is suitable to evaluate cell survival, but assessment of bone formation ability requires orthotopic implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Manassero
- 1 Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA-UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot , Paris, France .,2 Service de Chirurgie, Université Paris-Est , Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Joseph Paquet
- 1 Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA-UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot , Paris, France
| | - Mickael Deschepper
- 1 Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA-UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot , Paris, France
| | - Véronique Viateau
- 1 Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA-UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot , Paris, France .,2 Service de Chirurgie, Université Paris-Est , Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jose Retortillo
- 1 Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA-UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot , Paris, France .,2 Service de Chirurgie, Université Paris-Est , Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- 1 Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA-UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot , Paris, France
| | - Delphine Logeart-Avramoglou
- 1 Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA-UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot , Paris, France
| | - Hervé Petite
- 1 Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA-UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot , Paris, France
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Quent VM, Theodoropoulos C, Hutmacher DW, Reichert JC. Differential osteogenicity of multiple donor-derived human mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts in monolayer, scaffold-based 3D culture and in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 61:253-66. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2014-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We set out to compare the osteogenicity of human mesenchymal stem (hMSCs) and osteoblasts (hOBs). Upon osteogenic induction in monolayer, hMSCs showed superior matrix mineralization expressing characteristic bone-related genes. For scaffold cultures, both cell types presented spindle-shaped, osteoblast-like morphologies forming a dense, interconnected network of high viability. On the scaffolds, hOBs proliferated faster. A general upregulation of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), osteoprotegrin (OPG), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), sclerostin (SOST), and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) was observed for both cell types. Simultaneously, PTHrP, RANKL and DMP-1 expression decreased under osteogenic stimulation, while OPG and SOST increased significantly. Following transplantation into NOD/SCID mice, μCT and histology showed increased bone deposition with hOBs. The bone was vascularized, and amounts further increased for both cell types after recombinant human bone morphogenic protein 7 (rhBMP-7) addition also stimulating osteoclastogenesis. Complete bone organogenesis was evidenced by the presence of osteocytes and hematopoietic precursors. Our study results support the asking to develop 3D cellular models closely mimicking the functions of living tissues suitable for in vivo translation.
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Gamie Z, MacFarlane RJ, Tomkinson A, Moniakis A, Tran GT, Gamie Y, Mantalaris A, Tsiridis E. Skeletal tissue engineering using mesenchymal or embryonic stem cells: clinical and experimental data. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 14:1611-39. [PMID: 25303322 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.945414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from a wide variety of tissues for bone tissue engineering such as bone marrow, adipose, birth-associated, peripheral blood, periosteum, dental and muscle. MSCs from human fetal bone marrow and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are also promising cell sources. AREAS COVERED In vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence was collected using MEDLINE® (1950 to January 2014), EMBASE (1980 to January 2014) and Google Scholar (1980 to January 2014) databases. EXPERT OPINION Enhanced results have been found when combining bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) with recently developed scaffolds such as glass ceramics and starch-based polymeric scaffolds. Preclinical studies investigating adipose tissue-derived stem cells and umbilical cord tissue-derived stem cells suggest that they are likely to become promising alternatives. Stem cells derived from periosteum and dental tissues such as the periodontal ligament have an osteogenic potential similar to BMMSCs. Stem cells from human fetal bone marrow have demonstrated superior proliferation and osteogenic differentiation than perinatal and postnatal tissues. Despite ethical concerns and potential for teratoma formation, developments have also been made for the use of ESCs in terms of culture and ideal scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakareya Gamie
- Aristotle University Medical School, 'PapaGeorgiou' Hospital, Academic Orthopaedic Unit , Thessaloniki , Greece
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Müller CW, Hildebrandt K, Gerich T, Krettek C, van Griensven M, Rosado Balmayor E. BMP-2-transduced human bone marrow stem cells enhance neo-bone formation in a rat critical-sized femur defect. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1122-1131. [PMID: 25783748 DOI: 10.1002/term.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic graft materials are considered as possible substitutes for cancellous bone, but lack osteogenic and osteoinductive properties. In this study, we investigated how composite scaffolds of βTCP containing osteogenic human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and osteoinductive bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) influenced the process of fracture healing. hBMSCs were loaded into βTCP scaffolds 24 h before implantation in a rat critical-sized bone defect. hBMSCs were either stimulated with rhBMP-2 or transduced with BMP-2 by gene transfer. The effect of both protein stimulation and gene transfer was compared for osteogenic outcome. X-rays were conducted at weeks 0, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 post-operatively. In addition, bone-labelling fluorochromes were applied at 0, 3, 6 and 9 weeks. Histological analysis was performed for the amount of callus tissue and cartilage formation. At 6 weeks, the critical-sized defect in 33% of the rats treated with the Ad-BMP-2-transduced hBMSCs/βTCP scaffolds was radiographically bridged. In contrast, in only 10% of the rats treated with rhBMP2/hBMSCs, 12 weeks post-treatment, the bone defect was closed in all treated rats of the Ad-BMP-2 group except for one. Histology showed significantly higher amounts of callus formation in both Ad-BMP-2- and rhBMP-2-treated rats. The amount of neocartilage was less pronounced in both BMP-2-related groups. In summary, scaffolds with BMP-2-transduced hBMSCs performed better than those with the rhBMP2/hBMSCs protein. These results suggest that combinations of osteoconductive biomaterials with genetically modified MSCs capable of secreting osteoinductive proteins may represent a promising alternative for bone regeneration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Torsten Gerich
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg
| | | | - Martijn van Griensven
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Rosado Balmayor
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany
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Saito E, Suarez-Gonzalez D, Murphy WL, Hollister SJ. Biomineral coating increases bone formation by ex vivo BMP-7 gene therapy in rapid prototyped poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) porous scaffolds. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:621-32. [PMID: 25515846 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Porousbiodegradable polymer scaffolds are widely utilized for bone tissue engineering, but are not osteoconductive like calcium phosphate scaffolds. We combine indirect solid freeform fabrication (SFF), ex vivo gene therapy, with biomineral coating to compare the effect of biomineral coating on bone regeneration for Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds with the same porous architecture. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) demonstrate PLLA and PCL scaffolds have the same porous architecture and are completely coated. All scaffolds are seeded with human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) transduced with adenovirus encoded with either bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) or green fluorescent protein (GFP), and implanted into mice subcutaneously for 3 and 10 weeks. Only scaffolds with BMP-7 transduced HGFs show mineralized tissue formation. At 3 weeks some blood vessel-like structures are observed in coated PLLA and PCL scaffolds, but there is no significant difference in bone ingrowth between the coated and uncoated scaffolds for either PLLA or PCL. At 10 weeks, however, coated scaffolds (both PLLA and PCL) have significantly more bone ingrowth than uncoated scaffolds, which have more fibrous tissue. Coated PLLA scaffolds have improved mechanical properties compared with uncoated PLLA scaffolds due to increased bone ingrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Saito
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; 1101 Beal Ave. University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 USA
| | | | - William L. Murphy
- Materials Science Program; University of Wisconsin; Madison WI 53706 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Wisconsin; Madison WI 53706 USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation; University of Wisconsin; Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Scott J. Hollister
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; 1101 Beal Ave. University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-2125 USA
- Department of Surgery; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-032 USA
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Visser J, Gawlitta D, Benders KEM, Toma SMH, Pouran B, van Weeren PR, Dhert WJA, Malda J. Endochondral bone formation in gelatin methacrylamide hydrogel with embedded cartilage-derived matrix particles. Biomaterials 2014; 37:174-82. [PMID: 25453948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The natural process of endochondral bone formation in the growing skeletal system is increasingly inspiring the field of bone tissue engineering. However, in order to create relevant-size bone grafts, a cell carrier is required that ensures a high diffusion rate and facilitates matrix formation, balanced by its degradation. Therefore, we set out to engineer endochondral bone in gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) hydrogels with embedded multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) and cartilage-derived matrix (CDM) particles. CDM particles were found to stimulate the formation of a cartilage template by MSCs in the GelMA hydrogel in vitro. In a subcutaneous rat model, this template was subsequently remodeled into mineralized bone tissue, including bone-marrow cavities. The GelMA was almost fully degraded during this process. There was no significant difference in the degree of calcification in GelMA with or without CDM particles: 42.5 ± 2.5% vs. 39.5 ± 8.3% (mean ± standard deviation), respectively. Interestingly, in an osteochondral setting, the presence of chondrocytes in one half of the constructs fully impeded bone formation in the other half by MSCs. This work offers a new avenue for the engineering of relevant-size bone grafts, by the formation of endochondral bone within a degradable hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jetze Visser
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Gawlitta
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim E M Benders
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Selynda M H Toma
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Behdad Pouran
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - P René van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J A Dhert
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Lenze U, Pohlig F, Seitz S, Ern C, Milz S, Docheva D, Schieker M. Influence of osteogenic stimulation and VEGF treatment on in vivo bone formation in hMSC-seeded cancellous bone scaffolds. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:350. [PMID: 25323565 PMCID: PMC4216837 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue engineering approaches for reconstruction of large bone defects are still technically immature, especially in regard to sufficient blood supply. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of osteogenic stimulation and treatment with VEGF on new bone formation and neovascularization in hMSC-loaded cancellous bone scaffolds in vivo. Methods Cubic scaffolds were seeded with hMSC and either cultured in stem cell medium or osteogenic stimulation medium. One osteogenically stimulated group was additionally treated with 0.8 μg VEGF prior to subcutaneous implantation in athymic mice. After 2 and 12 weeks in vivo, constructs and selected organs were harvested for histological and molecular analysis. Results Histological analysis revealed similar vascularization of the constructs with and without VEGF treatment and absence of new bone formation in any group. Human DNA was detected in all inoculated scaffolds, but a significant decrease in cells was observed after 2 weeks with no further decrease after 12 weeks in vivo. Conclusion Under the chosen conditions, osteogenic stimulation and treatment with VEGF does not have any influence on the new bone formation and neovascularization in hMSC-seeded cancellous bone scaffolds. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-350) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Denitsa Docheva
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.
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Repairing the osteochondral defect in goat with the tissue-engineered osteochondral graft preconstructed in a double-chamber stirring bioreactor. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:219203. [PMID: 25061604 PMCID: PMC4100384 DOI: 10.1155/2014/219203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the reparative efficacy of tissue-engineered osteochondral (TEO) graft for repairing the osteochondral defect in goat, we designed a double-chamber stirring bioreactor to construct the bone and cartilage composites simultaneously in one β-TCP scaffold and observed the reparative effect in vivo. The osteochondral defects were created in goats and all the animals were divided into 3 groups randomly. In groups A, the defect was treated with the TEO which was cultured with mechanical stimulation of stir; in group B, the defect was treated with TEO which was cultured without mechanical stimulation of stir; in groups C, the defect was treated without TEO. At 12 weeks and 24 weeks after operation, the reparative effects in different groups were assessed and compared. The results indicated that the reparative effect of the TEO cultured in the bioreactor was better than the control group, and mechanical stimulation of stir could further improve the reparative effect. We provided a feasible and effective method to construct the TEO for treatment of osteochondral defect using autologous BMSCs and the double-chamber bioreactor.
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Tissue-engineered bone constructed in a bioreactor for repairing critical-sized bone defects in sheep. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2014; 38:2399-406. [PMID: 24916136 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-014-2389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Repair of bone defects, particularly critical-sized bone defects, is a considerable challenge in orthopaedics. Tissue-engineered bones provide an effective approach. However, previous studies mainly focused on the repair of bone defects in small animals. For better clinical application, repairing critical-sized bone defects in large animals must be studied. This study investigated the effect of a tissue-engineered bone for repairing critical-sized bone defect in sheep. METHODS A tissue-engineered bone was constructed by culturing bone marrow mesenchymal-stem-cell-derived osteoblast cells seeded in a porous β-tricalcium phosphate ceramic (β-TCP) scaffold in a perfusion bioreactor. A critical-sized bone defect in sheep was repaired with the tissue-engineered bone. At the eighth and 16th week after the implantation of the tissue-engineered bone, X-ray examination and histological analysis were performed to evaluate the defect. The bone defect with only the β-TCP scaffold served as the control. RESULT X-ray showed that the bone defect was successfully repaired 16 weeks after implantation of the tissue-engineered bone; histological sections showed that a sufficient volume of new bones formed in β-TCP 16 weeks after implantation. Eight and 16 weeks after implantation, the volume of new bones that formed in the tissue-engineered bone group was more than that in the β-TCP scaffold group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Tissue-engineered bone improved osteogenesis in vivo and enhanced the ability to repair critical-sized bone defects in large animals.
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22
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Costa PF, Vaquette C, Zhang Q, Reis RL, Ivanovski S, Hutmacher DW. Advanced tissue engineering scaffold design for regeneration of the complex hierarchical periodontal structure. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:283-94. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro F. Costa
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate laboratory; Braga Portugal
| | - Cédryck Vaquette
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Australia
| | - Qiyi Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate laboratory; Braga Portugal
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- Griffith Health Institute, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith Health Institute; Griffith University; Southport Australia
| | - Dietmar W. Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Australia
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Kok AC, Tuijthof GJM, den Dunnen S, van Tiel J, Siebelt M, Everts V, van Dijk CN, Kerkhoffs GMMJ. No effect of hole geometry in microfracture for talar osteochondral defects. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2013; 471:3653-62. [PMID: 23893362 PMCID: PMC3792274 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-013-3189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Débridement and bone marrow stimulation is an effective treatment option for patients with talar osteochondral defects. However, whether surgical factors affect the success of microfracture treatment of talar osteochondral defects is not well characterized. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We hypothesized (1) holes that reach deeper into the bone marrow-filled trabecular bone allow for more hyaline-like repair; and (2) a larger number of holes with a smaller diameter result in more solid integration of the repair tissue, less need for new bone formation, and higher fill of the defect. METHODS Talar osteochondral defects that were 6 mm in diameter were drilled bilaterally in 16 goats (32 samples). In eight goats, one defect was treated by drilling six 0.45-mm diameter holes in the defect 2 mm deep; in the remaining eight goats, six 0.45-mm diameter holes were punctured to a depth of 4 mm. All contralateral defects were treated with three 1.1-mm diameter holes 3 mm deep, mimicking the clinical situation, as internal controls. After 24 weeks, histologic analyses were performed using Masson-Goldner/Safranin-O sections scored using a modified O'Driscoll histologic score (scale, 0-22) and analyzed for osteoid deposition. Before histology, repair tissue quality and defect fill were assessed by calculating the mean attenuation repair/healthy cartilage ratio on Equilibrium Partitioning of an Ionic Contrast agent (EPIC) micro-CT (μCT) scans. Differences were analyzed by paired comparison and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS Significant differences were not present between the 2-mm and 4-mm deep hole groups for the median O'Driscoll score (p = 0.31) and the median of the μCT attenuation repair/healthy cartilage ratios (p = 0.61), nor between the 0.45-mm diameter and the 1.1-mm diameter holes in defect fill (p = 0.33), osteoid (p = 0.89), or structural integrity (p = 0.80). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the geometry of microfracture holes does not influence cartilage healing in the caprine talus. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bone marrow stimulation technique does not appear to be improved by changing the depth or diameter of the holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Claire Kok
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, G4-262 Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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Gardel LS, Serra LA, Reis RL, Gomes ME. Use of perfusion bioreactors and large animal models for long bone tissue engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 20:126-46. [PMID: 23924374 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) strategies for generation of new bone tissue includes the combined use of autologous or heterologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and three-dimensional (3D) scaffold materials serving as structural support for the cells, that develop into tissue-like substitutes under appropriate in vitro culture conditions. This approach is very important due to the limitations and risks associated with autologous, as well as allogenic bone grafiting procedures currently used. However, the cultivation of osteoprogenitor cells in 3D scaffolds presents several challenges, such as the efficient transport of nutrient and oxygen and removal of waste products from the cells in the interior of the scaffold. In this context, perfusion bioreactor systems are key components for bone TERM, as many recent studies have shown that such systems can provide dynamic environments with enhanced diffusion of nutrients and therefore, perfusion can be used to generate grafts of clinically relevant sizes and shapes. Nevertheless, to determine whether a developed tissue-like substitute conforms to the requirements of biocompatibility, mechanical stability and safety, it must undergo rigorous testing both in vitro and in vivo. Results from in vitro studies can be difficult to extrapolate to the in vivo situation, and for this reason, the use of animal models is often an essential step in the testing of orthopedic implants before clinical use in humans. This review provides an overview of the concepts, advantages, and challenges associated with different types of perfusion bioreactor systems, particularly focusing on systems that may enable the generation of critical size tissue engineered constructs. Furthermore, this review discusses some of the most frequently used animal models, such as sheep and goats, to study the in vivo functionality of bone implant materials, in critical size defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro S Gardel
- 1 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho , Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
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Viateau V, Manassero M, Sensébé L, Langonné A, Marchat D, Logeart-Avramoglou D, Petite H, Bensidhoum M. Comparative study of the osteogenic ability of four different ceramic constructs in an ectopic large animal model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:E177-87. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Viateau
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomechanics for Bone Articulation (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052); University of Paris 7; PRES Paris Cité Paris France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort; Maisons Alfort France
| | - Mathieu Manassero
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomechanics for Bone Articulation (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052); University of Paris 7; PRES Paris Cité Paris France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort; Maisons Alfort France
| | - Luc Sensébé
- Etablissement Français du Sang Centre-atlantique; UMR5273 CNRS/UPS/EFS; Tours France
| | - Alain Langonné
- Etablissement Français du Sang Centre-atlantique; UMR5273 CNRS/UPS/EFS; Tours France
| | - David Marchat
- CIS; Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne; Saint-Etienne France
| | - Delphine Logeart-Avramoglou
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomechanics for Bone Articulation (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052); University of Paris 7; PRES Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Hervé Petite
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomechanics for Bone Articulation (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052); University of Paris 7; PRES Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomechanics for Bone Articulation (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052); University of Paris 7; PRES Paris Cité Paris France
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Liu F, Yu S, Wang Z, Sun X. Biomimetic construction of large engineered bone using hemoperfusion and cyto-capture in traumatic bone defect. Biores Open Access 2013; 1:247-51. [PMID: 23516672 PMCID: PMC3559229 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2012.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to lack of blood vessel systems, only a few tissues, such as skin, cartilage, and cornea, have been successfully constructed in vivo. Anticoagulative scaffolds have been used in drug-eluting stent systems both in animal studies and clinical therapies, as in the medicinal leech therapy used to salvage venous-congested microvascular free flaps improved perfusion inspired us to tackle this hurdle in bone tissue engineering. We hypothesize that a combination of bone marrow as the blood supply and a heparin/chitosan-coated acellular bone matrix that acts like hirudin, together with a vacuum-assisted closure therapy system, would provide blood perfusion to the scaffold. Using these methods, a biomimetically engineered bone construct would facilitate clinical translation in bone tissue engineering and offer new therapeutic strategies for reconstructing large bone defects if the hypothesis proves to be practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, 89th Hospital of People's Liberation Army , Weifang, China
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Kang BJ, Ryu HH, Park SS, Koyama Y, Kikuchi M, Woo HM, Kim WH, Kweon OK. Comparing the osteogenic potential of canine mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissues, bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, and Wharton's jelly for treating bone defects. J Vet Sci 2013; 13:299-310. [PMID: 23000587 PMCID: PMC3467406 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2012.13.3.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for replacing bone marrow (BM) have been extensively investigated in the field of bone tissue engineering. The purpose of this study was to compare the osteogenic potential of canine MSCs derived from adipose tissue (AT), BM, umbilical cord blood (UCB), and Wharton's jelly (WJ) using in vitro culture techniques and in vivo orthotopic implantation assays. After canine MSCs were isolated from various tissues, the proliferation and osteogenic potential along with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production were measured and compared in vitro. For the in vivo assay, MSCs derived from each type of tissue were mixed with β-tricalcium phosphate and implanted into segmental bone defects in dogs. Among the different types of MSCs, AT-MSCs had a higher proliferation potential and BM-MSCs produced the most VEGF. AT-MSCs and UCB-MSCs showed greater in vitro osteogenic potential compared to the other cells. Radiographic and histological analyses showed that all tested MSCs had similar osteogenic capacities, and the level of new bone formation was much higher with implants containing MSCs than cell-free implants. These results indicate that AT-MSCs, UCB-MSCs, and WJ-MSCs can potentially be used in place of BM-MSCs for clinical bone engineering procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Jae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Establishment of the chronic bone defect model in experimental model mandible and evaluation of the efficacy of the mesenchymal stem cells in enhancing bone regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-013-0368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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29
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Song G, Habibovic P, Bao C, Hu J, van Blitterswijk CA, Yuan H, Chen W, Xu HHK. The homing of bone marrow MSCs to non-osseous sites for ectopic bone formation induced by osteoinductive calcium phosphate. Biomaterials 2013; 34:2167-76. [PMID: 23298780 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoinductive biomaterials are promising for bone repair. There is no direct proof that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) home to non-osseous sites and participate in ectopic bone formation induced by osteoinductive bioceramics. The objective of this study was to use a sex-mismatched beagle dog model to investigate BMSC homing via blood circulation to participate in ectopic bone formation via osteoinductive biomaterial. BMSCs of male dogs were injected into female femoral marrow cavity. The survival and stable chimerism of donor BMSCs in recipients were confirmed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) granules were implanted in dorsal muscles of female dogs. Y chromosomes were detected in samples harvested from female dogs which had received male BMSCs. At 4 weeks, cells with Y-chromosomes were distributed in the new bone matrix throughout the BCP granule implant. At 6 weeks, cells with Y chromosomes were present in newly mineralized woven bone. TRAP positive osteoclast-like cells were observed in 4-week implants, and the number of such cells decreased from 4 to 6 weeks. These results show that osteoprogenitors were recruited from bone marrow and homed to ectopic site to serve as a cell source for calcium phosphate-induced bone formation. In conclusion, BMSCs were demonstrated to migrate from bone marrow through blood circulation to non-osseous bioceramic implant site to contribute to ectopic bone formation in a canine model. BCP induced new bone in muscles without growth factor delivery, showing excellent osteoinductivity that could be useful for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Chang Z, Hou T, Wu X, Luo F, Xing J, Li Z, Chen Q, Yu B, Xu J, Xie Z. An anti-infection tissue-engineered construct delivering vancomycin: its evaluation in a goat model of femur defect. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:1761-70. [PMID: 24151446 PMCID: PMC3804800 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A tissue-engineered construct (TEC) has previously been used for treating bone defects due to its strong osteogenic capability. However, transplantation of a TEC involves an open surgery that can cause infection. To overcome the potential risk of infection after TEC transplantation, we designed a system for the controlled release of antibiotics using fibrin gel-coated vancomycin alginate beads (FG-Vanco-AB) that can supply sustained antibiotics at the graft site. A TEC with FG-Vanco-AB was transplanted into critically sized bone defects of the right femur in a goat. As a control, the TEC without FG-Vanco-AB was transplanted into the left femur defect of the same goat. The breakpoint sensitivity of vancomycin for S. aureus (5 mg/L) was used as a known standard. Study results showed that the duration of time with vancomycin concentrations greater than 5 mg/L in the right graft site, blood, and left graft site were 28 days, 7 days, and 2 days, respectively. The bioactivity regarding vancomycin release was analysed by antibiotic disc diffusion. The vancomycin concentration was decreased from the centre of the graft to both ends of the femur. Radionuclide bone imaging showed no significant difference between the right and left TECs at either 28 or 56 days post-operation. Computed tomography and histological observation showed both sides' bone defects were healed by TEC at 112 days post-operation, and there was no significant difference in computed tomography value. These results suggest that FG-Vanco-AB in transplanted bone provided the ability to kill bacteria in local bone tissue while not interfering with the process of bone reconstruction and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Chang
- 1. National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. ; 2. Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China. ; 3. Laboratory of Tissue Engineering in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China. ; 4. Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Jinan Military Commanding Region, Jinan, China
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Prins HJ, Fernandes H, Rozemuller H, van Blitterswijk C, de Boer J, Martens ACM. Spatial distribution and survival of human and goat mesenchymal stromal cells on hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 10:233-44. [PMID: 23255230 DOI: 10.1002/term.1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The combination of scaffolds and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is a promising approach in bone tissue engineering (BTE). Knowledge on the survival, outgrowth and bone-forming capacity of MSCs in vivo is limited. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI), histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry were combined to study the fate of gene-marked goat and human MSCs (gMSCs, hMSCs) on scaffolds with different osteoinductive properties. Luciferase-GFP-labelled MSCs were seeded on hydroxyapatite (HA) or β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), cultured for 7 days in vitro in osteogenic medium, implanted subcutaneously in immunodeficient mice and monitored with BLI for 6 weeks. The constructs were retrieved and processed for histomorphometry and detection of luciferase-positive cells (LPCs). For gMSCs, BLI revealed doubling of signal after 1 week, declining to 60% of input after 3 weeks and remaining constant until week 6. hMSCs showed a constant decrease of BLI signal to 25% of input, indicating no further expansion. Bone formation of gMSCs was two-fold higher on TCP than HA. hMSCs and gMSCs control samples produced equal amounts of bone on TCP. Upon transduction, there was a four-fold reduction in bone formation compared with untransduced hMSCs, and no bone was formed on HA. LPCs were detected at day 14, but were much less frequent at day 42. Striking differences were observed in spatial distribution. MSCs in TCP were found to be aligned and interconnected on the surface but were scattered in an unstructured fashion in HA. In conclusion, the spatial distribution of MSCs on the scaffold is critical for cell-scaffold-based BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk-Jan Prins
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Fernandes
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Rozemuller
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Cell Therapy Facility, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan de Boer
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Anton C M Martens
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Since the discovery of bone marrow derived stromal cell osteogenesis in the 1960s, tissue engineering with adult multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) has evolved as a promising approach to restore structure and function of bone compromised by injury or disease. To date, accelerated bone formation with MSCs has been demonstrated with a variety of tissue engineering strategies. Though MSC bone tissue engineering has advanced over the last few decades, limitations to clinical translation remain. A current review of this promising field is presented with a specific focus on equine investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandi J Lopez
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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34
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Dong Z, Li B, Zhao J, Ma Q, Bai S, Yang W, Li G, Ma G, Liu Y. Prefabrication of vascularized bone grafts using a combination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and vascular bundles with β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 114:S153-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2011.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Becquart P, Cambon-Binder A, Monfoulet LE, Bourguignon M, Vandamme K, Bensidhoum M, Petite H, Logeart-Avramoglou D. Ischemia is the prime but not the only cause of human multipotent stromal cell death in tissue-engineered constructs in vivo. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:2084-94. [PMID: 22578283 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Local tissue ischemia is a prime cause responsible for the massive cell death in tissue-engineered (TE) constructs observed postimplantation. To assess the impact of ischemia on the death of implanted human multipotent stromal cells (hMSCs), which have great potential for repairing damaged tissues, we hereby investigated the in vivo temporal and spatial fate of human Luc-GFP-labeled MSCs within fibrin gel/coral scaffolds subcutaneously implanted in nude mice. In vivo bioluminescence imaging monitoring and histological analyses of the constructs tested confirmed the irremediable death of hMSCs over 30 days postimplantation. The kinetics of expression of three hypoxic/ischemic markers (HIF-1α, LDH-A, and BNIP3) was also monitored. Our results provided evidence that hMSCs located within the core of implanted constructs died faster and predominantly and strongly expressed the aforementioned ischemic markers. In contrast, cells located in the outer regions of TE constructs were reperfused by neovascularization and were still viable (as evidenced by their ex-vivo proliferative potential) at day 15 postimplantation. These results support the explanation that in the central part of the constructs tested, death of hMSCs was due to ischemia, whereas in the periphery of these constructs, cell death was due to another mechanism that needs to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Becquart
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomechanics for Bone and Articulations, UMR 7052 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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36
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Beloti MM, Sicchieri LG, de Oliveira PT, Rosa AL. The Influence of Osteoblast Differentiation Stage on Bone Formation in Autogenously Implanted Cell-Based Poly(Lactide-Co-Glycolide) and Calcium Phosphate Constructs. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:999-1005. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcio M. Beloti
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana G. Sicchieri
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo T. de Oliveira
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luiz Rosa
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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37
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Fedorovich NE, Leeuwenburgh SC, van der Helm YJM, Alblas J, Dhert WJA. The osteoinductive potential of printable, cell-laden hydrogel-ceramic composites. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:2412-20. [PMID: 22539500 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels used as injectables or in organ printing often lack the appropriate stimuli to direct osteogenic differentiation of embedded multipotent stromal cells (MSCs), resulting in limited bone formation in these matrices. Addition of calcium phosphate (CaP) particles to the printing mixture is hypothesized to overcome this drawback. In this study we have investigated the effect of CaP particles on the osteoinductive potential of cell-laden hydrogel-CaP composite matrices. To this end, apatitic nanoparticles have been included in Matrigel constructs where after the viability of embedded progenitor cells was assessed in vitro. In addition, the osteoinductive potential of cell-laden Matrigel containing apatitic nanoparticles was investigated in vivo and compared with composites containing osteoinductive biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) microparticles after subcutaneous implantation in immunodeficient mice. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue response as well as in vivo bone formation revealed that apatitic nanoparticles were osteoinductive and induced osteoclast activation, but without bone formation. The BCP particles were more effective in inducing elaborate bone formation at the ectopic location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalja E Fedorovich
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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38
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Gamie Z, Tran GT, Vyzas G, Korres N, Heliotis M, Mantalaris A, Tsiridis E. Stem cells combined with bone graft substitutes in skeletal tissue engineering. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12:713-29. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.679652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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39
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Scott MA, Levi B, Askarinam A, Nguyen A, Rackohn T, Ting K, Soo C, James AW. Brief review of models of ectopic bone formation. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:655-67. [PMID: 22085228 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic bone formation is a unique biologic entity--distinct from other areas of skeletal biology. Animal research models of ectopic bone formation most often employ rodent models and have unique advantages over orthotopic (bone) environments, including a relative lack of bone cytokine stimulation and cell-to-cell interaction with endogenous (host) bone-forming cells. This allows for relatively controlled in vivo experimental bone formation. A wide variety of ectopic locations have been used for experimentation, including subcutaneous, intramuscular, and kidney capsule transplantation. The method, benefits and detractions of each method are summarized in the following review. Briefly, subcutaneous implantation is the simplest method. However, the most pertinent concern is the relative paucity of bone formation in comparison to other models. Intramuscular implantation is also widely used and relatively simple, however intramuscular implants are exposed to skeletal muscle satellite progenitor cells. Thus, distinguishing host from donor osteogenesis becomes challenging without cell-tracking studies. The kidney capsule (perirenal or renal capsule) method is less widely used and more technically challenging. It allows for supraphysiologic blood and nutrient resource, promoting robust bone growth. In summary, ectopic bone models are extremely useful in the evaluation of bone-forming stem cells, new osteoinductive biomaterials, and growth factors; an appropriate choice of model, however, will greatly increase experimental success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Scott
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Henderson, Nevada, USA
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40
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Saito E, Liao EE, Hu WW, Krebsbach PH, Hollister SJ. Effects of designed PLLA and 50:50 PLGA scaffold architectures on bone formation in vivo. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 7:99-111. [PMID: 22162220 DOI: 10.1002/term.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable porous scaffolds have been investigated as an alternative approach to current metal, ceramic, and polymer bone graft substitutes for lost or damaged bone tissues. Although there have been many studies investigating the effects of scaffold architecture on bone formation, many of these scaffolds were fabricated using conventional methods such as salt leaching and phase separation, and were constructed without designed architecture. To study the effects of both designed architecture and material on bone formation, this study designed and fabricated three types of porous scaffold architecture from two biodegradable materials, poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and 50:50 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), using image based design and indirect solid freeform fabrication techniques, seeded them with bone morphogenetic protein-7 transduced human gingival fibroblasts, and implanted them subcutaneously into mice for 4 and 8 weeks. Micro-computed tomography data confirmed that the fabricated porous scaffolds replicated the designed architectures. Histological analysis revealed that the 50:50 PLGA scaffolds degraded but did not maintain their architecture after 4 weeks implantation. However, PLLA scaffolds maintained their architecture at both time points and showed improved bone ingrowth, which followed the internal architecture of the scaffolds. Mechanical properties of both PLLA and 50:50 PLGA scaffolds decreased but PLLA scaffolds maintained greater mechanical properties than 50:50 PLGA after implantation. The increase of mineralized tissue helped support the mechanical properties of bone tissue and scaffold constructs between 4-8 weeks. The results indicate the importance of choice of scaffold materials and computationally designed scaffolds to control tissue formation and mechanical properties for desired bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Saito
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2099, USA
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41
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Vascular and micro-environmental influences on MSC-coral hydroxyapatite construct-based bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2011; 32:8497-505. [PMID: 21855129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has been demonstrated an effective approach to generate bone tissue and repair bone defect in ectopic and orthotopic sites. The strategy of using a prevascularized tissue-engineered bone grafts (TEBG) fabricated ectopically to repair bone defects, which is called live bone graft surgery, has not been reported. And the quantitative advantages of vascularization and osteogenic environment in promoting engineered bone formation have not been defined yet. In the current study we generated a tissue engineered bone flap with a vascular pedicle of saphenous arteriovenous in which an organized vascular network was observed after 4 weeks implantation, and followed by a successful repaire of fibular defect in beagle dogs. Besides, after a 9 months long term observation of engineered bone formation in ectopic and orthotopic sites, four CHA (coral hydroxyapatite) scaffold groups were evaluated by CT (computed tomography) analysis. By the comparison of bone formation and scaffold degradation between different groups, the influences of vascularization and micro-environment on tissue engineered bone were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that in the first 3 months vascularization improved engineered bone formation by 2 times of non-vascular group and bone defect micro-environment improved it by 3 times of ectopic group, and the CHA-scaffold degradation was accelerated as well.
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42
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Organ printing: the future of bone regeneration? Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:601-6. [PMID: 21831463 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In engineered bone grafts, the combined actions of bone-forming cells, matrix and bioactive stimuli determine the eventual performance of the implant. The current notion is that well-built 3D constructs include the biological elements that recapitulate native bone tissue structure to achieve bone formation once implanted. The relatively new technology of organ/tissue printing now enables the accurate 3D organization of the components that are important for bone formation and also addresses issues, such as graft porosity and vascularization. Bone printing is seen as a great promise, because it combines rapid prototyping technology to produce a scaffold of the desired shape and internal structure with incorporation of multiple living cell types that can form the bone tissue once implanted.
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43
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Wilson CE, van Blitterswijk CA, Verbout AJ, Dhert WJA, de Bruijn JD. Scaffolds with a standardized macro-architecture fabricated from several calcium phosphate ceramics using an indirect rapid prototyping technique. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:97-105. [PMID: 21069558 PMCID: PMC3019353 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate ceramics, commonly applied as bone graft substitutes, are a natural choice of scaffolding material for bone tissue engineering. Evidence shows that the chemical composition, macroporosity and microporosity of these ceramics influences their behavior as bone graft substitutes and bone tissue engineering scaffolds but little has been done to optimize these parameters. One method of optimization is to place focus on a particular parameter by normalizing the influence, as much as possible, of confounding parameters. This is difficult to accomplish with traditional fabrication techniques. In this study we describe a design based rapid prototyping method of manufacturing scaffolds with virtually identical macroporous architectures from different calcium phosphate ceramic compositions. Beta-tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite (at two sintering temperatures) and biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds were manufactured. The macro- and micro-architectures of the scaffolds were characterized as well as the influence of the manufacturing method on the chemistries of the calcium phosphate compositions. The structural characteristics of the resulting scaffolds were remarkably similar. The manufacturing process had little influence on the composition of the materials except for the consistent but small addition of, or increase in, a beta-tricalcium phosphate phase. Among other applications, scaffolds produced by the method described provide a means of examining the influence of different calcium phosphate compositions while confidently excluding the influence of the macroporous structure of the scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. E. Wilson
- Division of Surgical Specialties, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, G05.228, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C. A. van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, Institute for Biomedical Technology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - A. J. Verbout
- Division of Surgical Specialties, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, G05.228, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W. J. A. Dhert
- Division of Surgical Specialties, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, G05.228, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. D. de Bruijn
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS UK
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44
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Jung TY, Park SJ, Hwang DS, Kim YD, Lee SW, Kim UK. Effect on bone healing by the application of low intensity pulsed ultrasound after injection of adipose tissue-derived stem cells at the implantation of titanium implant in the tibia of diabetes-induced rat. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2011.37.4.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Young Jung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Inje University Pusan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Inje University Pusan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae-Suk Hwang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University School of Dentistry,Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yong-Deok Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University School of Dentistry,Yangsan, Korea
| | - Soo-Woon Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Uk-Kyu Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University School of Dentistry,Yangsan, Korea
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45
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Rodrigues MT, Gomes ME, Viegas CA, Azevedo JT, Dias IR, Guzón FM, Reis RL. Tissue-engineered constructs based on SPCL scaffolds cultured with goat marrow cells: functionality in femoral defects. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2010; 5:41-9. [DOI: 10.1002/term.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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46
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Rai B, Lin JL, Lim ZX, Guldberg RE, Hutmacher DW, Cool SM. Differences between in vitro viability and differentiation and in vivo bone-forming efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cells cultured on PCL–TCP scaffolds. Biomaterials 2010; 31:7960-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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47
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van Gaalen SM, Dhert WJA, Kruyt MC, Yuan H, Oner FC, van Blitterswijk CA, Verbout AJ, de Bruijn JD. Goat bone tissue engineering: comparing an intramuscular with a posterolateral lumbar spine location. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:685-93. [PMID: 19769525 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of implant location on bone formation in goats using autologous bone marrow-derived stromal cells in porous calcium phosphate scaffolds. Intramuscular locations were compared to posterolateral spine fusion locations in eight goats. As scaffolds, we used biphasic calcium phosphate porous blocks of 5 x 5 x 5 mm. Cell-seeded implants were compared to empty controls. Bone marrow-derived stromal cells were seeded at 8 million cells per cm(3) scaffold and cultured for 1 week. The follow-up time was 12 weeks. Fluorochromes were administered intravenously at 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Ectopic implants showed 21 +/- 3.6% bone formation for the cell seeded and 2.0 +/- 3.0% for the controls (p < 0.001). Paraspinal implants, however, showed 0.10 +/- 0.13% in the cell seeded compared to 0.023 +/- 0.027% in the control group (p = 0.09). A benefit of the cells was only found in the area closest to the paraspinal muscles (p < 0.01). Bone formation in the control samples was of later onset compared to the cell-seeded implants. In conclusion, cell-based bone tissue engineering in an ectopic environment was clearly effective. Similar constructs implanted in a posterolateral spine fusion location hardly showed any effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M van Gaalen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Rentsch C, Rentsch B, Breier A, Spekl K, Jung R, Manthey S, Scharnweber D, Zwipp H, Biewener A. Long-bone critical-size defects treated with tissue-engineered polycaprolactone-co-lactide scaffolds: A pilot study on rats. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 95:964-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bone formation and degradation of a highly porous biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic in presence of BMP-7, VEGF and mesenchymal stem cells in an ectopic mouse model. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2010; 38:423-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Rozemuller H, Prins HJ, Naaijkens B, Staal J, Bühring HJ, Martens AC. Prospective isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from multiple mammalian species using cross-reacting anti-human monoclonal antibodies. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:1911-21. [PMID: 20367498 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of human and nonhuman mammalian species are often studied for various applications in regenerative medicine research. These MSCs can be derived from human bone marrow (BM) and identified by their ability to form fibroblast-like colony forming units that develop into stromal like cells when expanded in culture. These cells are characterized by their spindle-shaped morphology, their characteristic phenotype (CD73(+), CD90(+), CD105(+), CD45⁻, and CD34⁻), and their ability to differentiate into cells of the osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. However, the identification and purification of MSCs from nonhuman mammalian species is hampered by the lack of suitable monoclonal antibodies (mAb). In this report, primary BM and cultured BM-derived MSCs of human and monkey, goat, sheep, dog, and pig were screened for cross-reactivity using a panel of 43 mAb, of which 22 react with either human BM mononuclear cells or cultured human MSCs. We found 7 mAb with specificity for CD271, MSCA-1 (W8B2 antigen), W4A5, CD56, W3C4 (CD349), W5C4, and 58B1, which showed interspecies cross-reactivity. These mAb proved to be useful for prospective sorting of MSCs from the BM of the 6 mammalian species studied as well as for the characterization of their cultured offspring. Flow sorting with the cross-reacting mAb resulted in up to 2400-fold enrichment of the clonogenic cell fraction (fibroblast-like colony forming units). This study provides an important contribution for the comparative prospective isolation of primary BM-MSCs and the characterization of cultured MSCs from multiple mammalian species for preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk Rozemuller
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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