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Li M, Li D, Jiang Y, He P, Li Y, Wu Y, Lei W, de Bruijn JD, Cannon RD, Mei L, Zhang H, Ji P, Zhang H, Yuan H. The genetic background determines material-induced bone formation through the macrophage-osteoclast axis. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122356. [PMID: 37898023 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Osteoinductive materials are characterized by their ability to induce bone formation in ectopic sites. Thus, osteoinductive materials hold promising potential for repairing bone defects. However, the mechanism of material-induced bone formation remains unknown, which limits the design of highly potent osteoinductive materials. Here, we demonstrated a genetic background link among macrophage polarization, osteoclastogenesis and material-induced bone formation. The intramuscular implantation of an osteoinductive material in FVB/NCrl (FVB) mice resulted in more M2 macrophages at week 1, more osteoclasts at week 2 and increased bone formation after week 4 compared with the results obtained in C57BL/6JOlaHsd (C57) mice. Similarly, in vitro, with a greater potential to form M2 macrophages, monocytes derived from FVB mice formed more osteoclasts than those derived from C57 mice. A transcriptomic analysis identified Csf1, Cxcr4 and Tgfbr2 as the main genes controlling macrophage-osteoclast coupling, which were further confirmed by related inhibitors. With such coupling, macrophage polarization and osteoclast formation of monocytes in vitro successfully predicted in vivo bone formation in four other mouse strains. Considering material-induced bone formation as an example of acquired heterotopic bone formation, the current findings shed a light on precision medicine for both bone regeneration and the treatment of pathological heterotopic bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yucan Jiang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping He
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yeming Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Joost D de Bruijn
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Prof. Bronkhorstlaan 10, 3723 MB Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard D Cannon
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Li Mei
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China; Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Prof. Bronkhorstlaan 10, 3723 MB Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Huipin Yuan's Lab, Chengdu, China.
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Li D, Jiang Y, He P, Li Y, Wu Y, Lei W, Liu N, de Bruijn JD, Zhang H, Zhang H, Ji P, Yuan H, Li M. Hypoxia Drives Material-Induced Heterotopic Bone Formation by Enhancing Osteoclastogenesis via M2/Lipid-Loaded Macrophage Axis. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2207224. [PMID: 36970815 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a double-edged sword. Pathological HO presents as an undesired clinical complication, whereas controlled heterotopic bone formation by synthetic osteoinductive materials shows promising therapeutic potentials for bone regeneration. However, the mechanism of material-induced heterotopic bone formation remains largely unknown. Early acquired HO being usually accompanied by severe tissue hypoxia prompts the hypothesis that hypoxia caused by the implantation coordinates serial cellular events and ultimately induces heterotopic bone formation in osteoinductive materials. The data presented herein shows a link between hypoxia, macrophage polarization to M2, osteoclastogenesis, and material-induced bone formation. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a crucial mediator of cellular responses to hypoxia, is highly expressed in an osteoinductive calcium phosphate ceramic (CaP) during the early phase of implantation, while pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1α significantly inhibits M2 macrophage, subsequent osteoclast, and material-induced bone formation. Similarly, in vitro, hypoxia enhances M2 macrophage and osteoclast formation. Osteoclast-conditioned medium enhances osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, such enhancement disappears with the presence of HIF-1α inhibitor. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis reveals that hypoxia enhances osteoclastogenesis via the axis of M2/lipid-loaded macrophages. The current findings shed new light on the mechanism of HO and favor the design of more potent osteoinductive materials for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Yucan Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Ping He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Yeming Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Nanxin Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Joost D de Bruijn
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Prof. Bronkhorstlaan 10, Bilthoven, 3723 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Ping Ji
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Prof. Bronkhorstlaan 10, Bilthoven, 3723 MB, The Netherlands
- Huipin Yuan's Lab, Chengdu, 610000, P. R. China
| | - Mingzheng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
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van Dijk LA, Janssen NG, Nurmohamed SJ, Muradin MSM, Longoni A, Bakker RC, de Groot FG, de Bruijn JD, Gawlitta D, Rosenberg AJWP. Osteoinductive calcium phosphate with submicron topography as bone graft substitute for maxillary sinus floor augmentation: A translational study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2023; 34:177-195. [PMID: 36645164 DOI: 10.1111/clr.14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was the preclinical and clinical evaluation of osteoinductive calcium phosphate with submicron surface topography as a bone graft substitute for maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA). MATERIAL AND METHODS A preclinical sheep model of MSFA was used to compare a calcium phosphate with submicron needle-shaped topography (BCPN , MagnetOs Granules, Kuros Biosciences BV) to a calcium phosphate with submicron grain-shaped topography (BCPG ) and autologous bone graft (ABG) as controls. Secondly, a 10-patient, prospective, randomized, controlled trial was performed to compare BCPN to ABG in MSFA with two-stage implant placement. RESULTS The pre-clinical study demonstrated that both BCPN and BCPG were highly biocompatible, supported bony ingrowth with direct bone apposition against the material, and exhibited bone formation as early as 3 weeks post-implantation. However, BCPN demonstrated significantly more bone formation than BCPG at the study endpoint of 12 weeks. Only BCPN reached an equivalent amount of bone formation in the available space and a greater proportion of calcified material (bone + graft material) in the maxillary sinus compared to the "gold standard" ABG after 12 weeks. These results were validated in a small prospective clinical study, in which BCPN was found comparable to ABG in implant stability, bone height, new bone formation in trephine core biopsies, and overall clinical outcome. CONCLUSION This translational work demonstrates that osteoinductive calcium phosphates are promising bone graft substitutes for MSFA, whereas their bone-forming potential depends on the design of their surface features. Netherlands Trial Register, NL6436.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas A van Dijk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Nard G Janssen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Silke J Nurmohamed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marvick S M Muradin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alessia Longoni
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robbert C Bakker
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Joost D de Bruijn
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Debby Gawlitta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Antoine J W P Rosenberg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Nie Z, Hu Z, Guo X, Xiao Y, Liu X, de Bruijn JD, Bao C, Yuan H. Genesis of osteoclasts on calcium phosphate ceramics and their role in material-induced bone formation. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:625-638. [PMID: 36371003 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune responses play important roles in material-induced bone formation and such roles were further explored in the current study with an emphasis on M2 macrophages and osteoclastogenesis. With the presence of M-CSF and RANKL, M0 macrophages from FVB mouse bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMMs) fused to osteoclasts with both M2 marker and osteoclast marker at day 5, and such osteoclast formation at day 5 was enhanced when the cells were treated with IL-4 at day 3. With IL-4 treatment alone for 24 h, M0 polarized into M2 macrophages. Conditioned medium of M2 macrophages enhanced osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 (pre-osteoblasts) while osteoclast conditioned medium enhanced osteogenic differentiation of CRL-12424 (osteogenic precursors). TCPs (a typical osteoinductive material) supported M2 macrophage polarization at day 4 and osteoclast formation at day 5, while TCPb (a typical non-osteoinductive material) was less effective. Moreover, osteoclasts formed on TCPs produced osteogenic factors including S1P, Wnt10B and BMP-6, resulting osteogenic differentiation of CRL-12424 cells. Similar to in vitro testing, TCPs favored M2 macrophage polarization followed by the formation of osteoclasts in vivo, as compared to TCPb. The overall data provided evidence of a coupling between M2 macrophages, osteoclasts and material-induced bone formation: osteoclasts formed from M2 macrophages secrete osteogenic cytokines to induce osteogenic differentiation of osteogenic precursor cells to finally form bone. The current findings outlined a biological mechanism of material-induced bone formation and further rationalized the use of osteoinductive materials for bone regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This paper provides evidence for finding out the relationship between M2 macrophages, osteoclasts and osteogenesis in material-induced bone formation. It suggested that osteoinductive materials enhanced macrophage polarization to M2 macrophages which fuses to osteoclasts, osteoclasts subsequently secret osteogenic cytokines to differentiate finally osteogenic precursors to form bone in osteoinductive materials. The data supports scientifically the superiority of osteoinductive materials for bone regeneration in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangling Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhiqiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Joost D de Bruijn
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Prof. Bronkhorstlaan 10, MB Bilthoven 3723, the Netherlands; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Chongyun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Prof. Bronkhorstlaan 10, MB Bilthoven 3723, the Netherlands; Huipin Yuan's Lab, Sichuan, China.
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Wang J, Baardemans T, de Matos Simoes R, Dashevsky O, Yuan H, de Bruijn JD, Martens AC, Mitsiades CS, Groen RW. Abstract 6374: BMP6 overcomes multiple myeloma-induced bone disease by inducing the expression of small leucine-rich proteoglycans. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-6374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common hematologic malignancy in adults, is characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells and tumor-induced complications, including MM-induced bone disease (MBD). Up to 90% of MM patients develop MBD during the course of their disease, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. MM therapy focuses primarily on agents that seek to eradicate the tumor cells and others which inhibit bone resorption. In contrast, no drugs are currently available to promote bone formation in MM patients and reverse MBD. Towards addressing this unmet therapeutic need, we applied a modified version of our “humanized” bone marrow (BM)-like scaffold (huBMsc)-based xenograft model, where MM cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) are co-implanted. In this system, we investigated the impact of MM cells on BMMSCs to identify markers that can be targeted with the intent to reverse MBD. After confirming that MM cells indeed inhibit bone formation in vivo, we performed transcriptional analysis of ex vivo expanded “unexposed” control BMMSCs vs. “MM-exposed” BMMSCs and found 332 differentially expressed genes. Next, we compared these data with transcriptional profiles of BMMSCs after in vitro differentiation towards osteoblasts, as well as publicly available data of transcriptional profiles of BMMSCs obtained from MM, ALL, and AML patients. Combined, this analysis identified 8, MM-specific, differentially expressed genes, including the small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), ASPN, OGN and OMD, that are 1) suppressed in the presence of MM (xenograft model and patient-derived BMMSCs); 2) induced during in vitro osteogenic differentiation; and 3) not dysregulated in BMMSCs in other hematological malignancies. As reported previously, we observed that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)6 can upregulate the expression of these SLRPs in BMMSCs, while inducing osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, incubation of MM cells with BMP6 in either mono- or co-cultures with stromal cell lines, resulted in reduced MM cell viability. In addition, pretreatment of BMMSCs with BMP6 completely abolished their support of MM proliferation. Interestingly, BMP6, in contrast to BMP2 and BMP4, did not induce, but inhibited receptor activator of nuclear kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-dependent osteoclast generation. Collectively, our analyses identify BMP6 as a master regulator that promotes osteogenic differentiation, inhibits RANKL-dependent osteoclastogenesis and can directly induce MM cell death. Therefore, by reshaping the BM microenvironment to become less tumor-supportive, BMP6 represents an attractive candidate for MM treatment.
Citation Format: Jiaxian Wang, Thomas Baardemans, Ricardo de Matos Simoes, Olga Dashevsky, Huipin Yuan, Joost D. de Bruijn, Anton C. Martens, Constantine S. Mitsiades, Richard W. Groen. BMP6 overcomes multiple myeloma-induced bone disease by inducing the expression of small leucine-rich proteoglycans [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 6374.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxian Wang
- 1Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Huipin Yuan
- 3Kuros Biosciences BV, Bilthoven, Netherlands
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Guo X, Li M, Qi W, Bai H, Nie Z, Hu Z, Xiao Y, de Bruijn JD, Bao C, Yuan H. Serial cellular events in bone formation initiated by calcium phosphate ceramics. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:730-743. [PMID: 34303865 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the biological mechanisms triggered by osteoinductive materials in vivo, we evaluated the timeline of cellular responses to osteoinductive materials subcutaneously implanted in FVB mice. More F4/80-positive macrophages were present in osteoinductive tri-CaP ceramic (TCP) with submicron surface topography (TCPs) than non-osteoinductive TCP with micron surface topography (TCPb) at week 1. Moreover, TCPs (but not TCPb) significantly enhanced osteoclastogenesis, and induced macrophages to polarize from M1 to M2 in the first week. The time sequence and relevance of macrophages and osteoclasts responses involved in bone formation was then evaluated through peri-implant injection of specific chemicals in mice implanted with osteoinductive TCPs. Day-1 injection of clodronate liposomes (LipClod) depleted macrophages, inhibited macrophage polarization to M2, blocked osteoclastogenesis and bone formation, while the day-6 injection was less effective. Anti-RANKL antibody (aRANKL) did not affect macrophage colonization but inhibited osteoclastogenesis. Injection of aRANKL before week 2 aborted bone formation in TCPs, while injection at week 4 partially inhibited bone formation. The overall data show that following ectopic implantation, osteoinductive materials allow macrophage colonization in hours to days, macrophage polarization to M2 in days (within 7 days), osteoclastogenesis in weeks (e.g. in 2 weeks) and bone formation thereafter (after 4 weeks). The serial cellular events verified herein bring a new insight on material-induced bone formation and pave the way to further explore the mechanisms triggered by osteoinductive materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A series of key cellular events triggered by osteoinductive calcium phosphate ceramic was revealed: macrophages colonized within hours to days, polarization of M2 macrophages occurred within 7 days, osteoclastogenesis mainly occurred in weeks (e.g. in 2 weeks) and bone formation finally arose thereafter (after 4 weeks). Moreover, such time sequence of cellular events was confirmed with specific chemicals (clodronate liposomes and anti-RANKL antibody). The findings verified herein bring a new insight on material-induced bone formation and pave the way to further explore the mechanisms triggered by osteoinductive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Mingzheng Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Wenting Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hetian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhangling Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhiqiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Joost D de Bruijn
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Prof. Bronkhorstlaan 10, MB Bilthoven 3723, the Netherlands; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Chongyun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Prof. Bronkhorstlaan 10, MB Bilthoven 3723, the Netherlands; Huipin Yuan's Lab, Sichuan, China.
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Li M, Guo X, Qi W, Wu Z, de Bruijn JD, Xiao Y, Bao C, Yuan H. Macrophage polarization plays roles in bone formation instructed by calcium phosphate ceramics. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:1863-1877. [PMID: 32067012 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02932j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the roles of macrophages in material-instructed bone formation, two calcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics with the same chemistry but various scales of surface topography were employed in this study. After being implanted subcutaneously in FVB mice for 8 weeks, TCPs (TCP ceramics with submicron surface topography) gave rise to bone formation, while TCPb (TCP ceramics with micron surface topography) did not, showing the crucial role of surface topography scale in material-instructed bone formation. Depletion of macrophages with liposomal clodronate (LipClod) blocked such bone formation instructed by TCPs, confirming the role of macrophages in material-instructed bone formation. Macrophage cells (i.e. RAW 264.7 cells) cultured on TCPs in vitro polarized to tissue repair macrophages as evidenced by gene expression and cytokine production, while polarizing to pro-inflammatory macrophages on TCPb. Submicron surface topography of TCP ceramics directed macrophage polarization via PI3K/AKT pathways with the synergistic regulation of integrin β1. Finally, the tissue repair macrophage polarization on TCPs resulted in osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. At early implantation in FVB mice, TCPs recruited more macrophages which polarized towards tissue repair macrophages with time. The present data demonstrate the important roles of macrophage polarization in bone formation instructed by calcium phosphate ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wenting Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Joost D de Bruijn
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Yu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chongyun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Prof. Bronkhorstlaan 10, 3723 MB Bilthoven, The Netherlands and MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
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Westhrin M, Holien T, Zahoor M, Moen SH, Buene G, Størdal B, Hella H, Yuan H, de Bruijn JD, Martens A, Groen RW, Bosch F, Smith U, Sponaas AM, Sundan A, Standal T. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Gene Therapy in Mice Inhibits Myeloma Tumor Growth, But Has a Negative Impact on Bone. JBMR Plus 2019; 4:e10247. [PMID: 31956851 PMCID: PMC6957984 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is characterized by accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Most patients suffer from an osteolytic bone disease, caused by increased bone degradation and reduced bone formation. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is important for both pre‐ and postnatal bone formation and induces growth arrest and apoptosis of myeloma cells. BMP4‐treatment of myeloma patients could have the potential to reduce tumor growth and restore bone formation. We therefore explored BMP4 gene therapy in a human‐mouse model of multiple myeloma where humanized bone scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in RAG2−/− γC−/−mice. Mice were treated with adeno‐associated virus serotype 8 BMP4 vectors (AAV8‐BMP4) to express BMP4 in the liver. When mature BMP4 was detectable in the circulation, myeloma cells were injected into the scaffolds and tumor growth was examined by weekly imaging. Strikingly, the tumor burden was reduced in AAV8‐BMP4 mice compared with the AAV8‐CTRL mice, suggesting that increased circulating BMP4 reduced tumor growth. BMP4‐treatment also prevented bone loss in the scaffolds, most likely due to reduced tumor load. To delineate the effects of BMP4 overexpression on bone per se, without direct influence from cancer cells, we examined the unaffected, non‐myeloma femurs by μCT. Surprisingly, the AAV8‐BMP4 mice had significantly reduced trabecular bone volume, trabecular numbers, as well as significantly increased trabecular separation compared with the AAV8‐CTRL mice. There was no difference in cortical bone parameters between the two groups. Taken together, BMP4 gene therapy inhibited myeloma tumor growth, but also reduced the amount of trabecular bone in mice. Our data suggest that care should be taken when considering using BMP4 as a therapeutic agent. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Westhrin
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Toril Holien
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway.,Department of Hematology St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim Norway
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Siv Helen Moen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Glenn Buene
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Berit Størdal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
| | - Hanne Hella
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Kuros Biosciences BV Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | - Joost D de Bruijn
- Kuros Biosciences BV Bilthoven The Netherlands.,The School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Anton Martens
- Department of Hematology Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Richard Wj Groen
- Department of Hematology Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Fatima Bosch
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Madrid Spain
| | - Ulf Smith
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Anne-Marit Sponaas
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
| | - Anders Sundan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Therese Standal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway.,Department of Hematology St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim Norway
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9
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van Dijk LA, Barbieri D, Barrère‐de Groot F, Yuan H, Oliver R, Christou C, Walsh WR, de Bruijn JD. Efficacy of a synthetic calcium phosphate with submicron surface topography as autograft extender in lapine posterolateral spinal fusion. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 107:2080-2090. [PMID: 30614621 PMCID: PMC6690075 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Posterolateral spinal fusion (PLF) is a common procedure in orthopedic surgery that is performed to fuse adjacent vertebrae to reduce symptoms related to spinal conditions. In the current study, a novel synthetic calcium phosphate with submicron surface topography was evaluated as an autograft extender in a validated rabbit model of PLF. Fifty-nine skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups and underwent single-level intertransverse process PLF at L4-5 using (1) autologous bone graft (ABG) alone or in a 1:1 combination with (2) calcium phosphate granules (ABG/BCPgranules ), or (3) granules embedded in a fast-resorbing polymeric carrier (ABG/BCPputty ). After 6, 9, and 12 weeks, animals were sacrificed and spinal fusion was assessed by manual palpation, Radiographs, micro-CT, mechanical testing (12 weeks only), histology, and histomorphometry. Based on all endpoints, all groups showed a gradual progression in bone formation and maturation during time, leading to solid fusion masses between the transverse processes after 12 weeks. Fusion assessments by manual palpation, radiography and histology were consistent and demonstrated equivalent fusion rates between groups, with high bilateral fusion rates after 12 weeks. Mechanical tests after 12 weeks indicated substantially lower range of motion for all groups, compared to non-operated controls. By histology and histomorphometry, the gradual formation and maturation of bone in the fusion mass was confirmed for each graft type. With these results, we describe the equivalent performance between autograft and a novel calcium phosphate material as an autograft extender in a rabbit model of PLF using an extensive range of evaluation techniques. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2080-2090, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas A. van Dijk
- Kuros Biosciences BVBilthoventhe Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Huipin Yuan
- Kuros Biosciences BVBilthoventhe Netherlands
- Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute, Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Rema Oliver
- Surgical and Orthopedic Research LaboratoriesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Chris Christou
- Surgical and Orthopedic Research LaboratoriesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - William R. Walsh
- Surgical and Orthopedic Research LaboratoriesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Joost D. de Bruijn
- Kuros Biosciences BVBilthoventhe Netherlands
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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10
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van Dijk LA, Duan R, Luo X, Barbieri D, Pelletier M, Christou C, Rosenberg AJWP, Yuan H, Barrèrre‐de Groot F, Walsh WR, de Bruijn JD. Biphasic calcium phosphate with submicron surface topography in an Ovine model of instrumented posterolateral spinal fusion. JOR Spine 2018; 1:e1039. [PMID: 31463454 PMCID: PMC6686792 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As spinal fusions require large volumes of bone graft, different bone graft substitutes are being investigated as alternatives. A subclass of calcium phosphate materials with submicron surface topography has been shown to be a highly effective bone graft substitute. In this work, a commercially available biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) with submicron surface topography (MagnetOs; Kuros Biosciences BV) was evaluated in an Ovine model of instrumented posterolateral fusion. The material was implanted stand-alone, either as granules (BCPgranules) or as granules embedded within a fast-resorbing polymeric carrier (BCPputty) and compared to autograft bone (AG). Twenty-five adult, female Merino sheep underwent posterolateral fusion at L2-3 and L4-5 levels with instrumentation. After 6, 12, and 26 weeks, outcomes were evaluated by manual palpation, range of motion (ROM) testing, micro-computed tomography, histology and histomorphometry. Fusion assessment by manual palpation 12 weeks after implantation revealed 100% fusion rates in all treatment groups. The three treatment groups showed a significant decrease in lateral bending at the fusion levels at 12 weeks (P < 0.05) and 26 weeks (P < 0.001) compared to the 6 week time-point. Flexion-extension and axial rotation were also reduced over time, but statistical significance was only reached in flexion-extension for AG and BCPputty between the 6 and 26 week time-points (P < 0.05). No significant differences in ROM were observed between the treatment groups at any of the time-points investigated. Histological assessment at 12 weeks showed fusion rates of 75%, 92%, and 83% for AG, BCPgranules and BCPputty, respectively. The fusion rates were further increased 26 weeks postimplantation. Similar trends of bone growth were observed by histomorphometry. The fusion mass consisted of at least 55% bone for all treatment groups 26 weeks after implantation. These results suggest that this BCP with submicron surface topography, in granules or putty form, is a promising alternative to autograft for spinal fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas A. van Dijk
- Kuros Biosciences BVBilthovenThe Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Rongquan Duan
- Kuros Biosciences BVBilthovenThe Netherlands
- Biomaterial Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Xiaoman Luo
- Kuros Biosciences BVBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Matthew Pelletier
- Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Chris Christou
- Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Huipin Yuan
- Kuros Biosciences BVBilthovenThe Netherlands
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | | | - William R. Walsh
- Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Joost D. de Bruijn
- Kuros Biosciences BVBilthovenThe Netherlands
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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11
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Naik J, Themeli M, de Jong-Korlaar R, Ruiter RWJ, Poddighe PJ, Yuan H, de Bruijn JD, Ossenkoppele GJ, Zweegman S, Smit L, Mutis T, Martens ACM, van de Donk NWCJ, Groen RWJ. CD38 as a therapeutic target for adult acute myeloid leukemia and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2018; 104:e100-e103. [PMID: 30190344 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.192757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Naik
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Themeli
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Regina de Jong-Korlaar
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud W J Ruiter
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pino J Poddighe
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Joost D de Bruijn
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,The School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Gert J Ossenkoppele
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja Zweegman
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Smit
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tuna Mutis
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton C M Martens
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Niels W C J van de Donk
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard W J Groen
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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12
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Duan R, Barbieri D, Luo X, Weng J, Bao C, de Bruijn JD, Yuan H. Variation of the bone forming ability with the physicochemical properties of calcium phosphate bone substitutes. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:136-145. [PMID: 29147713 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00717e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Because of their bioactive properties and chemical similarity to the inorganic component of bone, calcium phosphate (CaP) materials are widely used for bone regeneration. Six commercially available CaP bone substitutes (Bio-Oss, Actifuse, Bi-Ostetic, MBCP, Vitoss and chronOs) as well as two tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics with either a micron-scale (TCP-B) or submicron-scale (TCP-S) surface structure are characterized and their bone forming potential is evaluated in a canine ectopic implantation model. After 12 weeks of implantation in the paraspinal muscle of four beagles, sporadic bone (0.1 ± 0.1%) is observed in two Actifuse implants (2/4), limited bone (2.1 ± 1.4%) in four MBCP implants (4/4) and abundant bone (21.6 ± 4.5%) is formed in all TCP-S implants (4/4). Bone is not observed in any of the Bio-Oss, Bi-Ostetic, Vitoss, chronOs and TCP-B implants (0/4). When correlating the bone forming potential with the physicochemical properties of each material, we observe that the physical characteristics (e.g. grain size and micropore size at the submicron scale) might be the dominant trigger of material directed bone formation via specific mechanotransduction, instead of protein adsorption, surface mineralization and calcium ion release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongquan Duan
- Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
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13
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Duan R, Barbieri D, de Groot F, de Bruijn JD, Yuan H. Modulating Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Condyle Defects with Three Surface-Structured Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3347-3355. [PMID: 30221192 PMCID: PMC6134343 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics
are used as bone void fillers
because of their bioactivity and resorbability, while their performance
in bone regeneration and material resorption vary with their physical
properties (e.g., the dimension of the crystal grain). Herein, three
TCP ceramic bone substitutes (TCP-S, TCP-M, and TCP-L) with gradient
crystal grain size (0.77 ± 0.21 μm for TCP-S, 1.21 ±
0.35 μm for TCP-M and 4.87 ± 1.90 μm for TCP-L),
were evaluated in a well-established rabbit lateral condylar defect
model (validated with sham) with respect to bone formation and material
resorption up to 26 weeks. Surface structure-dependent bone regeneration
was clearly shown after 4 weeks implantation with TCP-S having most
mineralized bone (20.2 ± 3.4%), followed by TCP-M (14.0 ±
3.5%), sham (8.1 ± 4.2%), and TCP-L (6.6 ± 2.6%). Afterward,
the amount of mineralized bone was similar in all the three groups,
but bone marrow and material resorption varied. After 26 weeks, TCP-S
induced most bone tissue formation (mineralized bone + bone marrow)
(61.6 ± 7.8%) and underwent most material resorption (80.1 ±
9.0%), followed by TCP-M (42.9 ± 5.2% and 61.4 ± 8.0% respectively),
TCP-L (28.3 ± 5.5% and 45.6 ± 9.7% respectively), and sham
(25.7 ± 4.2%). Given the fact that the three ceramics are chemically
identical, the results indicate that the surface structure (especially,
the crystal grain size) of TCP ceramics can greatly tune their bone
regeneration potential and the material resorption in rabbit condyle
defect model, with the submicron surface structured TCP ceramic performing
the best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongquan Duan
- Biomaterial Science and Technology, MIRA, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands.,Kuros Biosciences BV, 3723 MB Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Barbieri
- Biomaterial Science and Technology, MIRA, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands.,Kuros Biosciences BV, 3723 MB Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joost D de Bruijn
- Biomaterial Science and Technology, MIRA, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands.,Kuros Biosciences BV, 3723 MB Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Kuros Biosciences BV, 3723 MB Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.,College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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14
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Barbieri D, Yuan H, Ismailoğlu AS, de Bruijn JD. Comparison of Two Moldable Calcium Phosphate-Based Bone Graft Materials in a Noninstrumented Canine Interspinous Implantation Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:1310-1320. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barbieri
- Biomaterial Science and Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Joost D. de Bruijn
- Biomaterial Science and Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Engineering and Materials Science, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Zhang J, Dalbay MT, Luo X, Vrij E, Barbieri D, Moroni L, de Bruijn JD, van Blitterswijk CA, Chapple JP, Knight MM, Yuan H. Topography of calcium phosphate ceramics regulates primary cilia length and TGF receptor recruitment associated with osteogenesis. Acta Biomater 2017; 57:487-497. [PMID: 28456657 PMCID: PMC5489417 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The surface topography of synthetic biomaterials is known to play a role in material-driven osteogenesis. Recent studies show that TGFβ signalling also initiates osteogenic differentiation. TGFβ signalling requires the recruitment of TGFβ receptors (TGFβR) to the primary cilia. In this study, we hypothesize that the surface topography of calcium phosphate ceramics regulates stem cell morphology, primary cilia structure and TGFβR recruitment to the cilium associated with osteogenic differentiation. We developed a 2D system using two types of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramic discs with identical chemistry. One sample had a surface topography at micron-scale (TCP-B, with a bigger surface structure dimension) whilst the other had a surface topography at submicron scale (TCP-S, with a smaller surface structure dimension). In the absence of osteogenic differentiation factors, human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) were more spread on TCP-S than on TCP-B with alterations in actin organization and increased primary cilia prevalence and length. The cilia elongation on TCP-S was similar to that observed on glass in the presence of osteogenic media and was followed by recruitment of transforming growth factor-β RII (p-TGFβ RII) to the cilia axoneme. This was associated with enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs on TCP-S, as shown by alkaline phosphatase activity and gene expression for key osteogenic markers in the absence of additional osteogenic growth factors. Similarly, in vivo after a 12-week intramuscular implantation in dogs, TCP-S induced bone formation while TCP-B did not. It is most likely that the surface topography of calcium phosphate ceramics regulates primary cilia length and ciliary recruitment of p-TGFβ RII associated with osteogenesis and bone formation. This bioengineering control of osteogenesis via primary cilia modulation may represent a new type of biomaterial-based ciliotherapy for orthopedic, dental and maxillofacial surgery applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The surface topography of synthetic biomaterials plays important roles in material-driven osteogenesis. The data presented herein have shown that the surface topography of calcium phosphate ceramics regulates mesenchymal stromal cells (e.g., human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells, hBMSCs) with respect to morphology, primary cilia structure and TGFβR recruitment to the cilium associated with osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Together with bone formation in vivo, our results suggested a new type of biomaterial-based ciliotherapy for orthopedic, dental and maxillofacial surgery by the bioengineering control of osteogenesis via primary cilia modulation.
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16
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Zhang J, Sun L, Luo X, Barbieri D, de Bruijn JD, van Blitterswijk CA, Moroni L, Yuan H. Cells responding to surface structure of calcium phosphate ceramics for bone regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 11:3273-3283. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; 7500AE Enschede the Netherlands
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu China
| | - Lanying Sun
- Oral Implantology Center; Stomotology Hospital of Jinan; 250001 Jinan China
| | - Xiaoman Luo
- Xpand Biotechnology BV; Bilthoven the Netherlands
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; 7500AE Enschede the Netherlands
| | | | - Joost D. de Bruijn
- Xpand Biotechnology BV; Bilthoven the Netherlands
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; 7500AE Enschede the Netherlands
- School of Engineering and Materials Science (SEMS); Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - Clemens A. van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; 7500AE Enschede the Netherlands
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine; Maastricht University; 6229 ER the Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; 7500AE Enschede the Netherlands
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine; Maastricht University; 6229 ER the Netherlands
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; 7500AE Enschede the Netherlands
- Xpand Biotechnology BV; Bilthoven the Netherlands
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine; Maastricht University; 6229 ER the Netherlands
- College of Physical Science and Technology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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17
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Duan R, Barbieri D, Luo X, Weng J, de Bruijn JD, Yuan H. Submicron-surface structured tricalcium phosphate ceramic enhances the bone regeneration in canine spine environment. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1865-1873. [PMID: 26896645 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate ceramics with submicron-scaled surface structure can trigger bone formation in non-osseous sites and are expected to enhance bone formation in spine environment. In this study, two tricalcium phosphate ceramics having either a submicron-scaled surface structure (TCP-S) or a micron-scaled one (TCP-B) were prepared and characterized regarding their physicochemical properties. Granules (size 1-2 mm) of both materials were implanted on either left or right side of spinous process, between the two lumbar vertebrae (L3-L4), and in paraspinal muscle of eight beagles. After 12 weeks of implantation, ectopic bone was observed in muscle in TCP-S explants (7.7 ± 3.7%), confirming their ability to inductively form bone in non-osseous sites. In contrast, TCP-B implants did not lead to bone formation in muscle. Abundant bone (34.1 ± 6.6%) was formed within TCP-S implants beside the two spinous processes, while limited bone (5.1 ± 4.5%) was seen in TCP-B. Furthermore, the material resorption of TCP-S was more pronounced than that of TCP-B in both the muscle and spine environments. The results herein indicate that the submicron-scaled surface structured tricalcium phosphate ceramic could enhance bone regeneration as compared to the micron-scaled one in spine environment. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1865-1873, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongquan Duan
- Biomaterial Science and Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Xiaoman Luo
- Biomaterial Science and Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Joost D de Bruijn
- Biomaterial Science and Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Materials Science, Queen Marry University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
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Geven MA, Barbieri D, Yuan H, de Bruijn JD, Grijpma DW. Preparation and mechanical properties of photo-crosslinked poly(trimethylene carbonate) and nano-hydroxyapatite composites. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2015; 60:3-11. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-151936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mike A. Geven
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, and Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Huipin Yuan
- XPand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, and Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Joost D. de Bruijn
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, and Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- XPand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk W. Grijpma
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, and Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Wang L, Barbieri D, Zhou H, de Bruijn JD, Bao C, Yuan H. Effect of particle size on osteoinductive potential of microstructured biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1919-29. [PMID: 25203625 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Material factors such as chemistry, surface microstructure and geometry have shown their influence on osteoinduction of calcium phosphate ceramics. Hereby we report that osteoinduction of a micro-structured biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic (BCP) has a relation with the particle sizes. BCP particles with the size of 212-300 µm, 106-212 µm, 45-106 µm, and smaller than 45 µm were prepared and implanted in paraspinal muscle of dogs for 12 weeks. Histological evaluation of the explants showed abundant bone in all samples with particle size of 212-300 µm, 106-212 µm, and 45-106 µm, while no bone was seen in any sample having particle size smaller than 45 µm. Bone was formed as early as 3 weeks after implantation in implants having BCP particles bigger than 45 µm and the volume of the formed bone was similar among the implants with particles larger than 45 µm after 12 weeks implantation. The results herein show that a size limitation of microstructured calcium phosphate ceramic particles for osteoinduction. It is most likely that the particle size affect inductive bone formation via macroporous structures for body fluid infiltration, cell/tissue ingrowth and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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20
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Zhang J, Barbieri D, ten Hoopen H, de Bruijn JD, van Blitterswijk CA, Yuan H. Microporous calcium phosphate ceramics driving osteogenesis through surface architecture. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1188-99. [PMID: 25044678 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The presence of micropores in calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics has shown its important role in initiating inductive bone formation in ectopic sites. To investigate how microporous CaP ceramics trigger osteoinduction, we optimized two biphasic CaP ceramics (i.e., BCP-R and BCP-S) to have the same chemical composition, equivalent surface area per volume, comparable protein adsorption, similar ion (i.e., calcium and phosphate) exchange and the same surface mineralization potential, but different surface architecture. In particular, BCP-R had a surface roughness (Ra) of 325.4 ± 58.9 nm while for BCP-S it was 231.6 ± 35.7 nm. Ceramic blocks with crossing or noncrossing channels of 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 µm were implanted in paraspinal muscle of dogs for 12 weeks. The percentage of bone volume in the channels was not affected by the type of pores (i.e., crossing vs. closed) or their size, but it was greatly influenced by the ceramic type (i.e., BCP-R vs. BCP-S). Significantly, more bone was formed in the channels of BCP-R than in those of BCP-S. Since the two CaP ceramics differed only in their surface architecture, the results hereby demonstrate that microporous CaP ceramics may induce ectopic osteogenesis through surface architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands; Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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21
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Zhang J, Luo X, Barbieri D, Barradas AMC, de Bruijn JD, van Blitterswijk CA, Yuan H. The size of surface microstructures as an osteogenic factor in calcium phosphate ceramics. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3254-63. [PMID: 24681376 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The microporosity of calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics has been shown to have an essential role in osteoinduction by CaP ceramics after ectopic implantation. Here we show that it is not the microporosity but the size of surface microstructural features that is the most likely osteogenic factor. Two tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics, namely TCP-S and TCP-B, were fabricated with equivalent chemistry and similar microporosity but different sizes of surface microstructural features. TCP-S has a grain size of 0.99 ± 0.20 μm and a micropore size of 0.65 ± 0.25 μm, while TCP-B displays a grain size of 3.08 ± 0.52 μm and a micropore size of 1.58 ± 0.65 μm. In vitro, both cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation were significantly enhanced when human bone marrow stromal cells were cultured on TCP-S without any osteogenic growth factors, compared to TCP-B ceramic granules. The possible involvement of direct contact between cells and the TCP ceramic surface in osteogenic differentiation is also shown with a trans-well culture model. When the ceramic granules were implanted in paraspinal muscle of dogs for 12 weeks, abundant bone was formed in TCP-S (21 ± 10% bone in the available space), whereas no bone was formed in any of the TCP-B implants. The current in vitro and in vivo data reveal that the readily controllable cue, i.e. the size of the surface microstructure, could be sufficient to induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, ultimately leading to ectopic bone formation in calcium phosphate ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands; Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoman Luo
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands; Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ana M C Barradas
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Joost D de Bruijn
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands; Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; School of Engineering and Materials Science (SEMS), Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands; Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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22
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Davison NL, ten Harkel B, Schoenmaker T, Luo X, Yuan H, Everts V, Barrère-de Groot F, de Bruijn JD. Osteoclast resorption of beta-tricalcium phosphate controlled by surface architecture. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7441-51. [PMID: 24927681 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A resorbable bone graft substitute should mimic native bone in its capacity to support bone formation and be remodeled by osteoclasts (OCl) or other multinucleated cells such as foreign body giant cells (FBGC). We hypothesize that by changing the scale of surface architecture of beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), cellular resorption can be influenced. CD14(+) monocyte precursors were isolated from human peripheral blood (n = 4 independent donors) and differentiated into OCl or FBGC on the surface of TCP discs comprising either submicron- or micron-scale surface topographical features (TCPs and TCPb, respectively). On submicrostructured TCPs, OCl survived, fused, differentiated, and extensively resorbed the substrate; however, on microstructured TCPb, OCl survival, TRAP activation, and fusion were attenuated. Importantly, no resorption was observed on microstructured TCPb. By confocal microscopy, OCl formed on TCPs contained numerous actin rings allowing for resorption, but not on TCPb. In comparison, FBGC could not resorb either TCP material, suggesting that osteoclast-specific machinery is necessary to resorb TCP. By tuning surface architecture, it appears possible to control osteoclast resorption of calcium phosphate. This approach presents a useful strategy in the design of resorbable bone graft substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel L Davison
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands; Xpand Biotechnology BV, 3723 MB Bilthoven, Netherlands.
| | - Bas ten Harkel
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ton Schoenmaker
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xiaoman Luo
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands; Xpand Biotechnology BV, 3723 MB Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Huipin Yuan
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands; Xpand Biotechnology BV, 3723 MB Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Vincent Everts
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Joost D de Bruijn
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands; Xpand Biotechnology BV, 3723 MB Bilthoven, Netherlands; School of Engineering and Materials Science (SEMS), Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS London, United Kingdom
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Barbieri D, de Bruijn JD, van Blitterswijk CA, Yuan H. On the horizon: instructive nanomaterials hold the potential to mimic tissue complexity. IEEE Pulse 2014; 5:44-9. [PMID: 24625591 DOI: 10.1109/mpul.2013.2296802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Danoux CB, Barbieri D, Yuan H, de Bruijn JD, van Blitterswijk CA, Habibovic P. In vitro and in vivo bioactivity assessment of a polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite composite for bone regeneration. Biomatter 2014; 4:e27664. [PMID: 24441389 DOI: 10.4161/biom.27664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic bone graft substitutes based on composites consisting of a polymer and a calcium-phosphate (CaP) ceramic are developed with the aim to satisfy both mechanical and bioactivity requirements for successful bone regeneration. In the present study, we have employed extrusion to produce a composite consisting of 50 wt.% poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA) and 50 wt.% nano-sized hydroxyapatite (HA) powder, achieving homogeneous distribution of the ceramic within the polymeric phase. In vitro, in both a simulated physiological saline (SPS) and a simulated body fluid (SBF), a greater weight loss was observed for PLA/HA than for PLA particles upon 12-week immersion. Furthermore, in SPS, a continuous release of calcium and phosphate from the composite was measured, whereas in SBF, decrease of the amount of the two ions in the solution was observed both for PLA and PLA/HA accompanied with the formation of a CaP layer on the surface. In vitro characterization of the composite bioactivity was performed by culturing human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) and assessing proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, with PLA as a control. Both PLA/HA composite and PLA control were shown to support hMSCs proliferation over a period of two weeks. In addition, the composite significantly enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of hMSCs in osteogenic medium as compared with the polymer control. A novel implant design was employed to develop implants from dense, extruded materials, suitable for testing osteoinductivity in vivo. In a preliminary study in dogs, PLA/HA composite implants induced heterotopic bone formation upon 12-week intramuscular implantation in all animals, in contrast to PLA control, which was not osteoinductive. Unlike in vitro, a more pronounced degradation of PLA was observed in vivo as compared with PLA/HA composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène B Danoux
- Department of Tissue Regeneration; University of Twente; Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Huipin Yuan
- Department of Tissue Regeneration; University of Twente; Enschede, The Netherlands; Xpand Biotechnology BV; Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Pamela Habibovic
- Department of Tissue Regeneration; University of Twente; Enschede, The Netherlands
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25
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Barbieri D, Yuan H, Luo X, Farè S, Grijpma DW, de Bruijn JD. Influence of polymer molecular weight in osteoinductive composites for bone tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:9401-13. [PMID: 23917043 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In bone tissue regeneration, certain polymer and calcium-phosphate-based composites have been reported to enhance some biological surface phenomena, facilitating osteoinduction. Although the crucial role of inorganic fillers in heterotopic bone formation by such materials has been shown, no reports have been published on the potential effects the polymer phase may have. The present work starts from the assumption that the polymer molecular weight regulates the fluid uptake, which determines the hydrolysis rate and the occurrence of biological surface processes. Here, two composites were prepared by extruding two different molecular weight L/D,L-lactide copolymers with calcium phosphate apatite. The lower molecular weight copolymer allowed larger fluid uptake in the composite thereof, which was correlated with a higher capacity to adsorb proteins in vitro. Further, the large fluid absorption led to a quicker composite degradation that generated rougher surfaces and enhanced ion release. Following intramuscular implantation in sheep, only the composite with the lower molecular weight polymer could induce heterotopic bone formation. Besides influencing the biological potential of composites, the molecular weight also regulated their viscoelastic behaviour under cyclic stresses. The results lead to the conclusion that designing biomaterials with appropriate physico-chemical characteristics is crucial for bone tissue regeneration in mechanical load-bearing sites.
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Delawi D, Kruyt MC, Huipin Y, Vincken KL, de Bruijn JD, Oner FC, Dhert WJ. Comparing Autograft, Allograft, and Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramic in a Goat Instrumented Posterolateral Fusion Model. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2013; 19:821-8. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2012.0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diyar Delawi
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Moyo C. Kruyt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yuan Huipin
- MIRA Institute, Twente University, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Koen L. Vincken
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost D. de Bruijn
- MIRA Institute, Twente University, Enschede, The Netherlands
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - F. Cumhur Oner
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J.A. Dhert
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Barbieri D, de Bruijn JD, Luo X, Farè S, Grijpma DW, Yuan H. Controlling dynamic mechanical properties and degradation of composites for bone regeneration by means of filler content. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 20:162-72. [PMID: 23455172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue is a dynamic composite system that adapts itself, in response to the surrounding daily (cyclic) mechanical stimuli, through an equilibrium between growth and resorption processes. When there is need of synthetic bone grafts, the biggest issue is to support bone regeneration without causing mechanically-induced bone resorption. Apart from biological properties, such degradable materials should initially support and later leave room to bone formation. Further, dynamic mechanical properties comparable to those of bone are required. In this study we prepared composites comprising calcium phosphate and L-lactide/D-lactide copolymer in various content ratios using the extrusion method. We evaluated the effect of the inorganic filler amount on the polymer phase (i.e. on the post-extrusion intrinsic viscosity). We then studied their in vitro degradation and dynamic mechanical properties (in dry and humid conditions). By increasing the filler content, we observed significant decrease of the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer phase during the extrusion process. Composites containing higher amounts of apatite had faster degradation, and were also mechanically stiffer. But, due to the lower intrinsic viscosity of their polymer phase, they had larger damping properties. Besides this, higher amounts of apatite also rendered the composites more hydrophilic letting them absorb more water and causing them the largest decrease in stiffness. These results show the importance of filler content in controlling the properties of such composites. Further, in this study we observed that the viscoelastic properties of the composite containing 50wt% apatite were comparable to those of dry human cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barbieri
- Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, 3723 MB, The Netherlands.
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Pattappa G, Thorpe SD, Jegard NC, Heywood HK, de Bruijn JD, Lee DA. Continuous and uninterrupted oxygen tension influences the colony formation and oxidative metabolism of human mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 19:68-79. [PMID: 22731854 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for tissue engineering applications due to their multipotentiality and increased expansion potential compared to mature cells. However, the full potential of MSCs for cellular therapies is not realised, due, in part, to premature proliferative senescence and impaired differentiation capacity following expansion under 20% oxygen. Bone marrow MSCs reside under reduced oxygen levels (4%-7% oxygen), thus this study investigates the effects of uninterrupted physiological oxygen tensions (2%, 5%) on MSC expansion and subsequent differentiation. Expansion potential was evaluated from colony formation efficiency, population-doubling rates, and cellular senescence. Colony formation was significantly reduced under 5% oxygen compared to 2% and 20% oxygen. Population-doubling time was initially shorter with 20% oxygen, but subsequently no significant differences in doubling time were detected between the oxygen conditions. MSCs expanded with 20% oxygen contained a greater proportion of senescent cells than those under physiological oxygen levels, indicated by a three to fourfold increase in β-galactosidase staining. This may be related to the approximately twofold enhanced mitochondrial oxygen consumption under this culture condition. Chondrogenic differentiation was achieved following expansion at each oxygen condition. However, osteogenesis was only achieved for cells expanded and differentiated at 20% oxygen, indicated by alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining. These studies demonstrate that uninterrupted hypoxia may enhance long-term MSC expansion, but results in a population with impaired osteogenic differentiation potential. Thus, novel differentiation conditions are required to enable differentiation to nonchondrogenic lineages using hypoxia-cultured MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Pattappa
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Davison N, Yuan H, de Bruijn JD, Barrere-de Groot F. In vivo performance of microstructured calcium phosphate formulated in novel water-free carriers. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2759-69. [PMID: 22487931 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoinductive calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics can be combined with polymeric carriers to make shapeable bone substitutes as an alternative to autologous bone; however, carriers containing water may degrade the ceramic surface microstructure, which is crucial to bone formation. In this study five novel tricalcium phosphate (TCP) formulations were designed from water-free polymeric binders and osteoinductive TCP granules of different particle sizes (500-1000 μm for moldable putty forms, and 150-500 μm for flowable paste forms). The performance of these novel TCP formulations was studied and compared with control TCP granules alone (both 150-500 and 500-1000 μm). In vitro the five TCP formulations were characterized by their carrier dissolution times and TCP mineralization kinetic profiles in simulated body fluid. In vivo the formulations were implanted in the dorsal muscle and a unicortical femoral defect (Ø=5 mm) of dogs for 12 weeks. The TCP formulation based on a xanthan gum-glycerol carrier exhibited fast carrier dissolution (1 h) and TCP mineralization (7 days) in vitro, but induced inflammation and showed little ectopic bone formation. This carrier chemistry was thus found to disrupt the early cellular response related to osteoinduction by microstructured TCP. TCP formulations based on carboxymethyl cellulose-glycerol and Polyoxyl 15-hydroxystearate-Pluronic(®) F127 allowed the in vitro surface mineralization of TCP by day 7 and produced the highest level of orthotopic bone bridging and ectopic bone formation, which was equivalent to the control. These results demonstrate that water-free carriers can preserve the chemistry, microstructure, and performance of osteoinductive CaP ceramics.
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Higuera GA, Schop D, Spitters TWGM, van Dijkhuizen-Radersma R, Bracke M, de Bruijn JD, Martens D, Karperien M, van Boxtel A, van Blitterswijk CA. Patterns of amino acid metabolism by proliferating human mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 18:654-64. [PMID: 21943055 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The nutritional requirements of stem cells have not been determined; in particular, the amino acid metabolism of stem cells is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the amino acid metabolism of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), with focus on two questions: Which amino acids are consumed and/or secreted by hMSCs and at what rates? To answer these questions, hMSCs were cultured on tissue culture plastic and in a bioreactor, and their amino acid profile was analyzed. The results showed that the kinetics of hMSCs growth and amino acid metabolism were significantly higher for hMSCs in tissue culture plastic than in the bioreactor. Despite differences in culture conditions, 8 essential and 6 nonessential amino acids were consumed by hMSCs in both tissue culture plastic and bioreactor cultures. Glutamine was the most consumed amino acid with significantly higher rates than for any other amino acid. The metabolism of nonessential amino acids by hMSCs deviated significantly from that of other cell lines. The secretion of alanine, glycine, glutamate, and ornithine by hMSCs showed that there is a strong overflow metabolism that can be due to the high concentrations of amino acids provided in the medium. In addition, the data showed that there is a metabolic pattern for proliferating hMSCs, which can contribute to the design of medium without animal serum for stem cells. Further, this study shows how to implement amino acid rates and metabolic principles in three-dimensional stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Higuera
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Pattappa G, Heywood HK, de Bruijn JD, Lee DA. The metabolism of human mesenchymal stem cells during proliferation and differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2562-70. [PMID: 21792913 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reside under hypoxic conditions in vivo, between 4% and 7% oxygen. Differentiation of MSCs under hypoxic conditions results in inhibited osteogenesis, while chondrogenesis is unaffected. The reasons for these results may be associated with the inherent metabolism of the cells. The present investigation measured the oxygen consumption, glucose consumption and lactate production of MSCs during proliferation and subsequent differentiation towards the osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. MSCs expanded under normoxia had an oxygen consumption rate of ∼98 fmol/cell/h, 75% of which was azide-sensitive, suggesting that these cells derive a significant proportion of ATP from oxidative phosphorylation in addition to glycolysis. By contrast, MSCs differentiated towards the chondrogenic lineage using pellet culture had significantly reduced oxygen consumption after 24 h in culture, falling to ∼12 fmol/cell/h after 21 days, indicating a shift towards a predominantly glycolytic metabolism. By comparison, MSCs retained an oxygen consumption rate of ∼98 fmol/cell/h over 21 days of osteogenic culture conditions, indicating that these cells had a more oxidative energy metabolism than the chondrogenic cultures. In conclusion, osteogenic and chondrogenic MSC cultures appear to adopt the balance of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis reported for the respective mature cell phenotypes. The addition of TGF-β to chondrogenic pellet cultures significantly enhanced glycosaminoglycan accumulation, but caused no significant effect on cellular oxygen consumption. Thus, the differences between the energy metabolism of chondrogenic and osteogenic cultures may be associated with the culture conditions and not necessarily their respective differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Pattappa
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Barbieri D, Yuan H, de Groot F, Walsh WR, de Bruijn JD. Influence of different polymeric gels on the ectopic bone forming ability of an osteoinductive biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:2007-14. [PMID: 21241835 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate moldable osteoinductive putties for bone repair we combined microstructured biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) particles with five different polymeric gels, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), Pluronic(®) F-127 (PLU), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (CHI) and alginate (ALG). In vitro gel dissolution showed that CMC, PLU and ALG gels dissolved rapidly (within hours), while the CHI gel took several days and the PVA gel did not dissolve within 2 weeks. Implanting the putty formulations into sheep muscle for 12 weeks demonstrated ectopic bone formation in the control BCP group as well as the putties prepared with dissolving gels (CMC, PLU, ALG and CHI). Bone was not seen in the putty comprising PVA. Quantitative data showed that the CMC and PLU gels did not significantly affect the osteoinductivity of BCP granules, while the ALG and CHI gels showed a significant decrease in bone formation. These results suggest that the dissolvability and chemistry of the gels may be factors affecting the osteoinduction of the putties.
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de Bruijn JD, Davies JE, Flach JS, de Groot K, van Blitterswijk CA. Ultrastructure of the Mineralized Tissue/Calcium Phosphate Interface in Vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-252-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTAn in vitro rat bone marrow cell (RBMC) system was used to examine the structure of the interface established between calcium phosphates (Ca-P) and mineralized tissue. The Ca-P used, varied either in chemical structure or crystallinity. Therefore, not only the influence of chemical composition, but also the effect of degradation of Ca-P ceramics could be studied. The interfaces were examined with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM).SEM showed that deposition of mineralized extracellular matrix on the different materials examined varied both in time and morphology. Mineralization started with the formation of afibrillar globules with which collagen fibres became integrated. With TEM, three distinctly different interfacial structural arrangements were observed which were dependent on the presence or absence of an electron dense layer and/or an amorphous zone. The former was considered to be at least partially caused by protein adsorption, which would precede biological mineralization events, whereas the latter was considered to represent partial degradation of the ceramic surfaces.The results of this study showed that interfacial reactions were not only influenced by the chemical structure, but also by the crystallinity of Ca-P ceramics. Thus, characterisation of Ca-P implant materials is of critical importance in achieving a better understanding of the phenomena that occur at the bone-biomaterial interface.
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van Gaalen SM, Dhert WJA, Kruyt MC, Yuan H, Oner FC, van Blitterswijk CA, Verbout AJ, de Bruijn JD. Goat bone tissue engineering: comparing an intramuscular with a posterolateral lumbar spine location. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:685-93. [PMID: 19769525 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of implant location on bone formation in goats using autologous bone marrow-derived stromal cells in porous calcium phosphate scaffolds. Intramuscular locations were compared to posterolateral spine fusion locations in eight goats. As scaffolds, we used biphasic calcium phosphate porous blocks of 5 x 5 x 5 mm. Cell-seeded implants were compared to empty controls. Bone marrow-derived stromal cells were seeded at 8 million cells per cm(3) scaffold and cultured for 1 week. The follow-up time was 12 weeks. Fluorochromes were administered intravenously at 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Ectopic implants showed 21 +/- 3.6% bone formation for the cell seeded and 2.0 +/- 3.0% for the controls (p < 0.001). Paraspinal implants, however, showed 0.10 +/- 0.13% in the cell seeded compared to 0.023 +/- 0.027% in the control group (p = 0.09). A benefit of the cells was only found in the area closest to the paraspinal muscles (p < 0.01). Bone formation in the control samples was of later onset compared to the cell-seeded implants. In conclusion, cell-based bone tissue engineering in an ectopic environment was clearly effective. Similar constructs implanted in a posterolateral spine fusion location hardly showed any effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M van Gaalen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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van Gaalen SM, Kruyt MC, Geuze RE, de Bruijn JD, Alblas J, Dhert WJ. Use of Fluorochrome Labels in In Vivo Bone Tissue Engineering Research. Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews 2010; 16:209-17. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. van Gaalen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Moyo C. Kruyt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth E. Geuze
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost D. de Bruijn
- Progentix BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Materials, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Alblas
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J.A. Dhert
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Xiao Y, Peperzak V, van Rijn L, Borst J, de Bruijn JD. Dexamethasone treatment during the expansion phase maintains stemness of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2010; 4:374-86. [DOI: 10.1002/term.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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van Gaalen SM, de Bruijn JD, Wilson CE, van Blitterswijk CA, Verbout AJ, Alblas J, Dhert WJA. Relating cell proliferation toin vivobone formation in porous Ca/P scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:303-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Schop D, Janssen FW, van Rijn LDS, Fernandes H, Bloem RM, de Bruijn JD, van Dijkhuizen-Radersma R. Growth, metabolism, and growth inhibitors of mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:1877-86. [PMID: 19196147 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Most therapeutic applications of bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs), or mesenchymal stem cells, require expansion of these cells. This study aimed to obtain more information about human MSCs regarding their expansion characteristics: growth, metabolism, and growth inhibitors. In addition, the same expansion factors were examined for (model species) goat and rat MSCs to evaluate differences between MSCs of mammalian species. MSC proliferation, nutrient consumption, and metabolite production were determined for five donors per species. In addition, the growth inhibitory concentrations of lactate and ammonia (NH3) were established. Results showed that goat MSCs grew significantly faster than human and rat MSCs and that goat cells metabolized glucose more efficiently into energy (Ylac/glc=0.8) than human (Ylac/glc=2.0) and rat MSCs (Ylac/glc=1.9). In addition, human (qGlc= -9.2pmol cell(-1) day(-1) and rat MSCs (qGlc= -5.9pmol cell(-1) day(-1)) consumed more glucose than goat MSCs (qGlc= -2.6pmol cell(-1) day(-1)). Glutamine was shown not to be important as energy source for human, goat, and rat MSCs. Regarding growth inhibition by metabolites, rat MSCs were more sensitive to lactate and NH3 (growth inhibiting at 16mM lactate and at 1.9mM NH3) than goat (lactate: 28.4mM, NH3: 2.9mM) and human MSCs (lactate: 35.4mM, NH3: 2.4mM). Human MSCs did not lose their differentiation potential when their growth was inhibited by lactate or NH3.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and gelation of thermosensitive chitosan-beta-glycerol phosphate (GP) solutions, which undergo sol-gel transition around body temperature. Chitosan 0.5-2% (w/v) mixed with GP 5-20% (w/v) solutions all gel at 37 degrees C and possess pH around the physiological range. High GP and chitosan concentrations result in faster gelation time. Extracts of all chitosan concentrations mixed with or without 5% (w/v) GP and 2% (w/v) chitosan combined with 10% (w/v) GP demonstrated up to 34% increase in proliferation rate of goat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells when compared with control medium. Extracts from all other chitosan-GP combinations resulted in reduced cell proliferation relative to control medium. Increasing GP content in the gel resulted in a linear increase in the osmolality of the extracts in contact with the gels. The results of this study indicate that chitosan-GP is a biocompatible hydrogel, extracts of which can stimulate mesenchymal stem cell proliferation at certain concentrations. This material is therefore a promising vehicle for cell encapsulation and injectable tissue-engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Ahmadi
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, United Kingdom
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Meijer GJ, de Bruijn JD, Koole R, van Blitterswijk CA. Cell based bone tissue engineering in jaw defects. Biomaterials 2008; 29:3053-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Both SK, van der Muijsenberg AJC, van Blitterswijk CA, de Boer J, de Bruijn JD. A rapid and efficient method for expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 13:3-9. [PMID: 17518576 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2005.0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, there has been much interest in the use of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in bone tissue engineering. HMSCs can be obtained relatively easily and expanded rapidly in culture, but for clinical purposes large numbers are often needed and the cost should be kept to a minimum. A rapid and efficient culturing protocol would therefore be beneficial. In this study, we examined the effect of different medium compositions on the expansion and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived hMSCs from 19 donors. We also investigated the effect of low seeding density and dexamethasone on both hMSCs expansion and their in vitro and in vivo osteogenic differentiation capacity. HMSCs seeded at a density of 100 cells/cm2 had a significantly higher growth rate than at 5000 cell/cm2, which was further improved by the addition of dexamethasone. Expanded hMSCs were characterized in vitro on the basis of positive staining for CD29, CD44, CD105, and CD166. The in vitro osteogenic potential of expanded hMSCs was assessed by flow cytometric staining for alkaline phosphatase. In vivo bone-forming potential of the hMSCs was assessed by seeding the cells in ceramic scaffolds, followed by subcutaneous implantation in nude mice and histopathologic assessment of de novo bone formation after 6-week implantation. Expanded hMSCs from all donors displayed similar osteogenic potential independent of the culture conditions. On the basis of these results we have developed an efficient method to culture hMSCs by seeding the cells at 100 cells/cm2 in an alpha-minimal essential medium-based medium containing dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne K Both
- Institute for Biomedical Technology, University of Twente, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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Claase MB, de Bruijn JD, Grijpma DW, Feijen J. Ectopic bone formation in cell-seeded poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(butylene terephthalate) copolymer scaffolds of varying porosity. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2007; 18:1299-307. [PMID: 17268874 PMCID: PMC1915639 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-006-0077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2005] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds from poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(butylene terephthalate), PEOT/PBT, with a PEO molecular weight of 1,000 and a PEOT content of 70 weight% (1000PEOT70PBT30) were prepared by leaching salt particles (425-500 microm). Scaffolds of 73.5, 80.6 and 85.0% porosity were treated with a CO(2) gas plasma and seeded with rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). After in vitro culture for 7 days (d) in an osteogenic medium the scaffolds were subcutaneously implanted for 4 weeks in nude mice. Poly(D, L-lactide) (PDLLA) and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds were included as references. After 4 weeks (wks) all scaffolds showed ectopic formation of bone and bone marrow. For the scaffolds of different porosities, no significant differences were observed in the relative amounts of bone (7-9%) and bone marrow (6-11%) formed, even though micro computed tomography (mu-CT) data showed considerable differences in accessible pore volume and surface area. 1000PEOT70PBT30 scaffolds with a porosity of 85% could not maintain their original shape in vivo. Surprisingly, 1000PEOT70PBT30 scaffolds with a porosity of 73.5% showed cartilage formation. This cartilage formation is most likely due to poorly accessible pores in the scaffolds, as was observed in histological sections. mu-CT data showed a considerably smaller accessible pore volume (as a fraction of the total volume) than in 1000PEOT70PBT30 scaffolds of 80.6 and 85.0% porosity. BMSC seeded PDLLA (83.5% porosity) and BCP scaffolds (29% porosity) always showed considerably more bone and bone marrow formation (bone marrow formation is approximately 40%) and less fibrous tissue ingrowth than the 1000PEOT70PBT30 scaffolds. The scaffold material itself can be of great influence. In more hydrophobic and rigid scaffolds like the PDLLA or BCP scaffolds, the accessibility of the pore structure is more likely to be preserved under the prevailing physiological conditions than in the case of hydrophilic 1000PEOT70PBT30 scaffolds. Scaffolds prepared from other PEOT/PBT polymer compositions, might prove to be more suited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno B. Claase
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials, Institute for Biomedical Technology (BMTI), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Joost D. de Bruijn
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials, Institute for Biomedical Technology (BMTI), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Isotis Orthobiologics, Prof. Bronkhorstlaan 10D, 3723 MB Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Progentix BV, Prof. Bronkhorstlaan 10D, 3723 MB Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk W. Grijpma
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials, Institute for Biomedical Technology (BMTI), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Feijen
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials, Institute for Biomedical Technology (BMTI), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Kruyt MC, Dhert WJA, Oner FC, van Blitterswijk CA, Verbout AJ, de Bruijn JD. Analysis of ectopic and orthotopic bone formation in cell-based tissue-engineered constructs in goats. Biomaterials 2007; 28:1798-805. [PMID: 17182096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of extensive research, the application of cell-based bone tissue engineering in clinically relevant models remains challenging. To improve effectiveness, a better understanding of how the technique should work is crucial. In the current study, we investigated the onset time, rate, location and direction of bone formation in ectopically and orthotopically implanted clinically sized tissue-engineered constructs to gain insight the mechanism behind it. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were obtained from 10 goats, culture expanded and cryopreserved. Porous biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) disks of 17mmx6mm were per-operatively seeded with BMSCs or left empty. Both conditions were implanted intramuscularly and in bilateral critical-sized iliac wing defects. Fluorochromes were administered at 3, 5 and 7 weeks and samples were retrieved after 9 weeks. Histology showed abundant and homogeneous bone formation throughout the intramuscular BMSC samples and little bone in the controls. Histomorphometry and measurements of the fluorochrome labels of the ectopical BMSC samples indicated that osteogenesis started at the periphery and subsequent osteoconduction filled the whole scaffold within 7 weeks. In the orthotopically implanted disks, there was good integration with the surrounding bone, but minimal bone in the center of the implants, in both conditions. Bone was only derived from the interface with the surrounding bone, there was no early bone at the surfaces in contact to soft tissue as was seen in the ectopical samples. Apparently cell survival was minimal and insufficient for relevant additional bone formation. However, the speed of integration with surrounding bone and subsequent bone apposition on the BMSC-seeded orthotopic scaffolds were found to be significantly enhanced, which may be relevant especially in challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyo C Kruyt
- Department of Orthopaedics, G05.228, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
The authors review the available data on bone tissue engineering and discuss possible new research areas that could help to make bone tissue engineering a clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert J Meijer
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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46
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Kruyt MC, Wilson CE, de Bruijn JD, van Blitterswijk CA, Oner CF, Verbout AJ, Dhert WJA. The effect of cell-based bone tissue engineering in a goat transverse process model. Biomaterials 2006; 27:5099-106. [PMID: 16782186 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A disadvantage of traditional posterolateral spinal fusion models is that they are highly inefficient for screening multiple conditions. We developed a multiple-condition model that concentrates on the initial process of bone formation from the transverse process and not on a functional fusion. The effect of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in four different porous ceramic scaffolds was investigated in this setting. Polyacetal cassettes were designed to fit on the goat transverse process and house four different ceramic blocks, i.e: hydroxyapatite (HA) sintered at 1,150 degrees and 1,250 degrees; biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Goat BMSCs (n=10) were cultured and per-operatively seeded autologeously on one of two cassettes implanted per animal. The cassettes were bilaterally mounted on the dorsum of decorticated L2-processes for 9 weeks. To asses the dynamics of bone formation, fluorochrome labels were administered and histomorphometry focused on the distribution of bone in the scaffolds. A clear difference in the extent of bone ingrowth was determined for the different scaffold types. An obvious effect of BMSC seeding was observed in three of four scaffold types, especially in scaffold regions adjacent to the overlying muscle. Generally, the BCP and TCP scaffolds showed better osteoconduction and an increased response to BMSCs administration. In conclusion the model provides a reliable and highly efficient method to study bone formation in cell-based tissue engineering. An effect of cell administration was obvious in three of the four scaffold materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyo C Kruyt
- Department of Orthopaedics, G05.228, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Yuan H, van Blitterswijk CA, de Groot K, de Bruijn JD. Cross-species comparison of ectopic bone formation in biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:1607-15. [PMID: 16846356 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.12.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Material-induced bone formation reported in canine, bovid, suid, and primate species does not often occur in lagomorph or rodent models. In this study, we test biphasic calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite- induced bone formation in subcutaneous pockets of mice and intramuscular pockets in rats, rabbits, and dogs. All scaffolds are of similar size, and all animals were sacrificed at 90 days post-implantation. In dogs (N = 8), all implants showed bone formation with significantly more bone formed in biphasic calcium phosphates (30 +/- 6%, N = 8) as compared to hydroxyapatite (14 +/- 5%, N = 8) (p = 0.003). Hydroxyapatite implants did not induce bone formation in mice, rats, or rabbits. Biphasic calcium phosphate induced bone in 6 of 8 scaffolds implanted in 4 rabbits and 3 of 16 scaffolds implanted in 16 mice, whereas it did not induce bone formation in any of the 8 rats. The results presented herein suggest that the incidence of material-induced bone formation varies with animal species and is related to the implant material used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipin Yuan
- BMTI, Twente University, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Kruyt MC, Persson C, Johansson G, Dhert WJA, de Bruijn JD. Towards Injectable Cell-based Tissue-Engineered Bone: The Effect of Different Calcium Phosphate Microparticles and Pre-Culturing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:309-17. [PMID: 16548689 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.12.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering by combining bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) with a porous scaffold is a promising technology. Current major challenges are to upscale the technique for clinical application and to improve the handling characteristics. With respect to minimal invasive surgery, moldable and/or injectable formulations are highly preferable. Ceramic microparticles of different HA/TCP formulations (100/0, 70/30, 60/40, 40/60, and 0/100) with varying surface roughness were sieved to select 200 microg aliquots of the 212-300 microm fraction. Goat BMSCs were seeded on different aliquots one week prior to in vivo implantation. These constructs and remaining cells were cultured for one week. By then, the remaining cells were harvested and resuspended in a specific binder: hyaluronic acid, alginate, or blood plasma, combined with aliquots of 60/40 microparticles peroperatively. All constructs were implanted in nude rats (n = 10) and analyzed for their bone yield histomorphometrically after 6 weeks. All precultured constructs showed consistent bone formation of comparable quantity. No significant differences were observed between the different material compositions. Peroperatively prepared constructs hardly showed any bone formation. The present study demonstrated the osteogenic potential of a tissue- engineered bone substitute made of microparticles of various HA/TCP compositions. There was an obvious advantage when the constructs were pre-cultured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyo C Kruyt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Wilson CE, Kruyt MC, de Bruijn JD, van Blitterswijk CA, Oner FC, Verbout AJ, Dhert WJA. A new in vivo screening model for posterior spinal bone formation: Comparison of ten calcium phosphate ceramic material treatments. Biomaterials 2006; 27:302-14. [PMID: 16111745 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a new screening model for evaluating the influence of multiple conditions on the initial process of bone formation in the posterior lumbar spine of a large animal. This model uses cages designed for placement on the decorticated transverse process of the goat lumbar spine. Five conduction channels per cage, each be defined by a different material treatment, are open to both the underlying bone and overlying soft tissue. The model was validated in ten adult Dutch milk goats, with each animal implanted with two cages containing a total of ten calcium phosphate material treatments according to a randomized complete block design. The ten calcium phosphate ceramic materials were created through a combination of material chemistry (BCP, TCP, HA), sintering temperature (low, medium, high), calcination and surface roughness treatments. To monitor the bone formation over time, fluorochrome markers were administered at 3, 5 and 7 weeks and the animals were sacrificed at 9 weeks after implantation. Bone formation in the conduction channels was investigated by histology and histomorphometry of non-decalcified sections using traditional light and epifluorescent microscopy. According to both observed and measured bone formation parameters, materials were ranked in order of increasing magnitude as follows: low sintering temperature BCP (rough and smooth) approximately medium sintering temperature BCP approximately = TCP > calcined low sintering temperature HA > non-calcined low sintering temperature HA > high sintering temperature BCP (rough and smooth) > high sintering temperature HA (calcined and non-calcined). These results agree closely with those obtained in previous studies of osteoconduction and bioactivity of ceramics thereby validating the screening model presented in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton E Wilson
- Department of Orthopaedics, G05.228, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 85500, NL 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Dekker RJ, de Bruijn JD, Stigter M, Barrere F, Layrolle P, van Blitterswijk CA. Bone tissue engineering on amorphous carbonated apatite and crystalline octacalcium phosphate-coated titanium discs. Biomaterials 2005; 26:5231-9. [PMID: 15792550 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2004] [Accepted: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Poor fixation of bone replacement implants, e.g. the artificial hip, in implantation sites with inferior bone quality and quantity may be overcome by the use of implants coated with a cultured living bone equivalent. In this study, we tested, respectively, amorphous carbonated apatite (CA)- and crystalline octacalcium phosphate (OCP)-coated discs for their use in bone tissue engineering. Subcultured rat bone marrow cells were seeded on the substrates and after 7 days of culture, the implants were subcutaneously implanted in nude mice for 4 weeks. After 7 days of culture, the cells had formed a continuous multi-layer that covered the entire surface of the substrates. The amount of cells was visually higher on the crystalline OCP-coated discs compared to the amorphous CA-coated discs. Furthermore, the amorphous CA-coated discs exhibited a visually higher amount of mineralized extracellular matrix compared to the crystalline OCP-coated discs. After 4 weeks of implantation, clear de novo bone formation was observed on all discs with cultured cells. The newly formed bone on the crystalline OCP-coated discs was more organized and revealed a significantly higher volume compared to the amorphous CA-coated discs. The percentage of bone contact with the discs was also significantly higher on the OCP-coated discs. Overall, the results suggest that a crystalline OCP coating is more suitable for bone tissue engineering than an amorphous CA coating.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apatites/chemistry
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects
- Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology
- Calcification, Physiologic/drug effects
- Calcium Phosphates/chemistry
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry
- Coated Materials, Biocompatible/pharmacology
- Implants, Experimental
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Osteogenesis/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
- Tissue Engineering/methods
- Titanium/chemistry
- X-Ray Diffraction
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Dekker
- iBME, University of Twente, J. van Gulikstraat 29, 4205 GD Gorinchem, The Netherlands.
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