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Didamoony MA, Soubh AA, Atwa AM, Ahmed LA. Innovative preconditioning strategies for improving the therapeutic efficacy of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells in gastrointestinal diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2973-2993. [PMID: 37874430 PMCID: PMC10692273 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases have become a global health issue and an economic burden due to their wide distribution, late prognosis, and the inefficacy of recent available medications. Therefore, it is crucial to search for new strategies for their management. In the recent decades, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy has attracted attention as a viable option for treating a myriad of GI disorders such as hepatic fibrosis (HF), ulcerative colitis (UC), acute liver injury (ALI), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to their regenerative and paracrine properties. Importantly, recent studies have shown that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are responsible for most of the therapeutic effects of MSCs. In addition, EVs have revealed several benefits over their parent MSCs, such as being less immunogenic, having a lower risk of tumour formation, being able to cross biological barriers, and being easier to store. MSC-EVs exhibited regenerative, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-fibrotic effects in different experimental models of GI diseases. However, a key issue with their clinical application is the maintenance of their stability and efficacy following in vivo transplantation. Preconditioning of MSC-EVs or their parent cells is one of the novel methods used to improve their effectiveness and stability. Herein, we discuss the application of MSC-EVs in several GI disorders taking into account their mechanism of action. We also summarise the challenges and restrictions that need to be overcome to promote their clinical application in the treatment of various GI diseases as well as the recent developments to improve their effectiveness. A representation of the innovative preconditioning techniques that have been suggested for improving the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs in GI diseases. The pathological conditions in various GI disorders (ALI, UC, HF and NAFLD) create a harsh environment for EVs and their parents, increasing the risk of apoptosis and senescence of MSCs and thereby diminishing MSC-EVs yield and restricting their large-scale applications. Preconditioning with pharmacological agents or biological mediators can improve the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs through their adaption to the lethal environment to which they are subjected. This can result in establishment of a more conducive environment and activation of numerous vital trajectories that act to improve the immunomodulatory, reparative and regenerative activities of the derived EVs, as a part of MSCs paracrine system. ALI, acute liver injury; GI diseases, gastrointestinal diseases; HF, hepatic fibrosis; HSP, heat shock protein; miRNA, microRNA; mRNA, messenger RNA; MSC-EVs, mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; UC, ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar A Didamoony
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
| | - Ayman A Soubh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Ahram Canadian University, 4th Industrial Zone, Banks Complex, 6th of October City, Giza, 12451, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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2
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Ai X, Yan B, Witman N, Gong Y, Yang L, Tan Y, Chen Y, Liu M, Lu T, Luo R, Wang H, Chien KR, Wang W, Fu W. Transient secretion of VEGF protein from transplanted hiPSC-CMs enhances engraftment and improves rat heart function post MI. Mol Ther 2023; 31:211-229. [PMID: 35982619 PMCID: PMC9840120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies offer an exciting and novel treatment for heart repair following myocardial infarction (MI). However, these therapies often suffer from poor cell viability and engraftment rates, which involve many factors, including the hypoxic conditions of the infarct environment. Meanwhile, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has previously been employed as a therapeutic agent to limit myocardial damage and simultaneously induce neovascularization. This study took an approach to transiently overexpress VEGF protein, in a controlled manner, by transfecting human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) with VEGF mRNA prior to transplantation. The conditioning of iPSC-CMs with VEGF mRNA ultimately led to greater survival rates of the transplanted cells, which promoted a stable vascular network in the grafted region. Furthermore, bulk RNA transcriptomics data and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) and AGE-RAGE signaling pathways were significantly upregulated in the VEGF-treated iPSC-CMs group. The over-expression of VEGF from iPSC-CMs stimulated cell proliferation and partially attenuated the hypoxic environment in the infarcted area, resulting in reduced ventricular remodeling. This study provides a valuable solution for the survival of transplanted cells in tissue-engineered heart regeneration and may further promote the application of modified mRNA (modRNA) in the field of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Ai
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Bingqian Yan
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Nevin Witman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yiqi Gong
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Minglu Liu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Runjiao Luo
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Huijing Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Wei Fu
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China.
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3
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Moeinabadi-Bidgoli K, Babajani A, Yazdanpanah G, Farhadihosseinabadi B, Jamshidi E, Bahrami S, Niknejad H. Translational insights into stem cell preconditioning: From molecular mechanisms to preclinical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112026. [PMID: 34411911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy (CBT) is a revolutionary approach for curing a variety of degenerative diseases. Stem cell-based regenerative medicine is a novel strategy for treating tissue damages regarding stem cells unique properties such as differentiation potential, paracrine impacts, and self-renewal ability. However, the current cell-based treatments encounter considerable challenges to be translated into clinical practice, including low cell survival, migration, and differentiation rate of transplanted stem cells. The poor stem cell therapy outcomes mainly originate from the unfavorable condition of damaged tissues for transplanted stem cells. The promising method of preconditioning improves cell resistance against the host environment's stress by imposing certain conditions similar to the harsh microenvironment of the damaged tissues on the transplanted stem cells. Various pharmacological, biological, and physical inducers are able to establish preconditioning. In addition to their known pharmacological effects on tissues and cells, these preconditioning agents improve cell biological aspects such as cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, immunomodulation, paracrine impacts, and angiogenesis. This review focuses on different protocols and inducers of preconditioning along with underlying molecular mechanisms of their effects on stem cell behavior. Moreover, preclinical applications of preconditioned stem cells in various damaged organs such as heart, lung, brain, bone, cartilage, liver, and kidney are discussed with prospects of their translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Moeinabadi-Bidgoli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Yazdanpanah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Elham Jamshidi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheyl Bahrami
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Hu XM, Zhang Q, Zhou RX, Wu YL, Li ZX, Zhang DY, Yang YC, Yang RH, Hu YJ, Xiong K. Programmed cell death in stem cell-based therapy: Mechanisms and clinical applications. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:386-415. [PMID: 34136072 PMCID: PMC8176847 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i5.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy raises hopes for a better approach to promoting tissue repair and functional recovery. However, transplanted stem cells show a high death percentage, creating challenges to successful transplantation and prognosis. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the mechanisms underlying stem cell death, such as apoptotic cascade activation, excessive autophagy, inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species, excitotoxicity, and ischemia/hypoxia. Targeting the molecular pathways involved may be an efficient strategy to enhance stem cell viability and maximize transplantation success. Notably, a more complex network of cell death receives more attention than one crucial pathway in determining stem cell fate, highlighting the challenges in exploring mechanisms and therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on programmed cell death in transplanted stem cells. We also discuss some promising strategies and challenges in promoting survival for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rui-Xin Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yan-Lin Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dan-Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi-Chao Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rong-Hua Yang
- Department of Burns, Fo Shan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong-Jun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hunan People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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5
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Rnjak‐Kovacina J, Gerrand Y, Wray LS, Tan B, Joukhdar H, Kaplan DL, Morrison WA, Mitchell GM. Vascular Pedicle and Microchannels: Simple Methods Toward Effective In Vivo Vascularization of 3D Scaffolds. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1901106. [PMID: 31714024 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Poor vascularization remains a key limiting factor in translating advances in tissue engineering to clinical applications. Vascular pedicles (large arteries and veins) isolated in plastic chambers are known to sprout an extensive capillary network. This study examined the effect vascular pedicles and scaffold architecture have on vascularization and tissue integration of implanted silk scaffolds. Porous silk scaffolds with or without microchannels are manufactured to support implantation of a central vascular pedicle, without a chamber, implanted in the groin of Sprague Dawley rats, and assessed morphologically and morphometrically at 2 and 6 weeks. At both time points, blood vessels, connective tissue, and an inflammatory response infiltrate all scaffold pores externally, and centrally when a vascular pedicle is implanted. At week 2, vascular pedicles significantly increase the degree of scaffold tissue infiltration, and both the pedicle and the scaffold microchannels significantly increase vascular volume and vascular density. Interestingly, microchannels contribute to increased scaffold vascularity without affecting overall tissue infiltration, suggesting a direct effect of biomaterial architecture on vascularization. The inclusion of pedicles and microchannels are simple and effective proangiogenic techniques for engineering thick tissue constructs as both increase the speed of construct vascularization in the early weeks post in vivo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Rnjak‐Kovacina
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts University Medford MA 02155 USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Yi‐wen Gerrand
- O'Brien Institute DepartmentSt Vincent's Institute for Medical Research Melbourne VIC 3065 Australia
| | - Lindsay S. Wray
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts University Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Beryl Tan
- O'Brien Institute DepartmentSt Vincent's Institute for Medical Research Melbourne VIC 3065 Australia
| | - Habib Joukhdar
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts University Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Wayne A. Morrison
- O'Brien Institute DepartmentSt Vincent's Institute for Medical Research Melbourne VIC 3065 Australia
- Department of Surgery at St Vincent's HospitalUniversity of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3065 Australia
- Health Sciences FacultyAustralian Catholic University Melbourne VIC 3065 Australia
| | - Geraldine M. Mitchell
- O'Brien Institute DepartmentSt Vincent's Institute for Medical Research Melbourne VIC 3065 Australia
- Department of Surgery at St Vincent's HospitalUniversity of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3065 Australia
- Health Sciences FacultyAustralian Catholic University Melbourne VIC 3065 Australia
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6
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Wong R, Donno R, Leon-Valdivieso CY, Roostalu U, Derby B, Tirelli N, Wong JK. Angiogenesis and tissue formation driven by an arteriovenous loop in the mouse. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10478. [PMID: 31324837 PMCID: PMC6642172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid vascularisation of biomaterials and artificial tissues is a key determinant for their in vivo viability and ultimately for their integration in a host; therefore promoting angiogenesis and maintaining the newly formed vascular beds has become a major goal of tissue engineering. The arteriovenous loop (AVL) has been an extensively studied platform which integrates microsurgery with cells scaffolds and growth factors to form neotissues. Most AVL studies to date are limited to larger animal models, which are surgically easier to perform, but have inherent limits for the understanding and interrogation of the underlying in vivo mechanisms due the paucity of transgenic models. Here, we demonstrate for the first time in a mouse model the utility of the AVL in the de novo production of vascularized tissue. We also present the combined use of the model with 3D printed chambers, which allow us to dictate size and shape of the tissues formed. This novel platform will allow for an understanding of the fundamental mechanisms involved in tissue generation de novo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wong
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Roberto Donno
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
| | - Christopher Y Leon-Valdivieso
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Roberval Laboratory for Mechanics, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Rue du Dr. Schweitzer, 60200, Compiègne, France
| | - Urmas Roostalu
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Gubra, Horsholm, Denmark
| | - Brian Derby
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Roberval Laboratory for Mechanics, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Rue du Dr. Schweitzer, 60200, Compiègne, France
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, School of Health Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Jason K Wong
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. .,Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK.
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7
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Yap KK, Yeoh GC, Morrison WA, Mitchell GM. The Vascularised Chamber as an In Vivo Bioreactor. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:1011-1024. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Slezak P, Slezak C, Hartinger J, Teuschl AH, Nürnberger S, Redl H, Mittermayr R. A Low Cost Implantation Model in the Rat That Allows a Spatial Assessment of Angiogenesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:3. [PMID: 29468155 PMCID: PMC5807912 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is continual demand for animal models that allow a quantitative assessment of angiogenic properties of biomaterials, therapies, and pharmaceuticals. In its simplest form, this is done by subcutaneous material implantation and subsequent vessel counting which usually omits spatial data. We have refined an implantation model and paired it with a computational analytic routine which outputs not only vessel count but also vessel density, distribution, and vessel penetration depth, that relies on a centric vessel as a reference point. We have successfully validated our model by characterizing the angiogenic potential of a fibrin matrix in conjunction with recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (rhVEGF165). The inferior epigastric vascular pedicles of rats were sheathed with silicone tubes, which were subsequently filled with 0.2 ml of fibrin and different doses of rhVEGF165, centrically embedding the vessels. Over 4 weeks, tissue samples were harvested and subsequently immunohistologically stained and computationally analyzed. The model was able to detect variations over the angiogenic potentials of growth factor spiked fibrin matrices. Adding 20 ng of rhVEGF165 resulted in a significant increase in vasculature while 200 ng of rhVEGF165 did not improve vascular growth. Vascularized tissue volume increased during the first week and vascular density increased during the second week. Total vessel count increased significantly and exhibited a peak after 2 weeks which was followed by a resorption of vasculature by week 4. In summary, a simple implantation model to study in vivo vascularization with only a minimal workload attached was enhanced to include morphologic data of the emerging vascular tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Slezak
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Joachim Hartinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Herbert Teuschl
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Nürnberger
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Mittermayr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
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Taylor CJ, Church JE, Williams MD, Gerrand YW, Keramidaris E, Palmer JA, Galea LA, Penington AJ, Morrison WA, Mitchell GM. Hypoxic preconditioning of myoblasts implanted in a tissue engineering chamber significantly increases local angiogenesis via upregulation of myoblast vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression and downregulation of miRNA-1, miRNA-206 and angiopoietin-1. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e408-e421. [PMID: 28477583 DOI: 10.1002/term.2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization is a major hurdle for growing three-dimensional tissue engineered constructs. This study investigated the mechanisms involved in hypoxic preconditioning of primary rat myoblasts in vitro and their influence on local angiogenesis postimplantation. Primary rat myoblast cultures were exposed to 90 min hypoxia at <1% oxygen followed by normoxia for 24 h. Real time (RT) polymerase chain reaction evaluation indicated that 90 min hypoxia resulted in significant downregulation of miR-1 and miR-206 (p < 0.05) and angiopoietin-1 (p < 0.05) with upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A; p < 0.05). The miR-1 and angiopoietin-1 responses remained significantly downregulated after a 24 h rest phase. In addition, direct inhibition of miR-206 in L6 myoblasts caused a significant increase in VEGF-A expression (p < 0.05), further establishing that changes in VEGF-A expression are influenced by miR-206. Of the myogenic genes examined, MyoD was significantly upregulated, only after 24 h rest (p < 0.05). Preconditioned or control myoblasts were implanted with Matrigel™ into isolated bilateral tissue engineering chambers incorporating a flow-through epigastric vascular pedicle in severe combined immunodeficiency mice and the chamber tissue harvested 14 days later. Chambers implanted with preconditioned myoblasts had a significantly increased percentage volume of blood vessels (p = 0.0325) compared with chambers implanted with control myoblasts. Hypoxic preconditioned myoblasts promote vascularization of constructs via VEGF upregulation and downregulation of angiopoietin-1, miR-1 and miR-206. The relatively simple strategy of hypoxic preconditioning of implanted cells - including non-stem cell types - has broad, future applications in tissue engineering of skeletal muscle and other tissues, as a technique to significantly increase implant site angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Taylor
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - J E Church
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - M D Williams
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Y-W Gerrand
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E Keramidaris
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J A Palmer
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L A Galea
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A J Penington
- Pediatric Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - W A Morrison
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G M Mitchell
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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10
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Debels H, Gerrand YW, Poon CJ, Abberton KM, Morrison WA, Mitchell GM. An adipogenic gel for surgical reconstruction of the subcutaneous fat layer in a rat model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 11:1230-1241. [PMID: 25950280 DOI: 10.1002/term.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
'Off-the-shelf' tissue-engineered skin alternatives for epidermal and dermal skin layers are available; however, no such alternative for the subdermal fat layer exists. Without this well-vascularized layer, skin graft take is variable and grafts may have reduced mobility, contracture and contour defects. In this study a novel adipose-derived acellular matrix (Adipogel) was investigated for its properties to generate subdermal fat in a rat model. In a dorsal thoracic site, a 1 × 1 cm Adipogel implant was inserted within a subdermal fat layer defect. In a dorsal lumbar site, an Adipogel implant was inserted in a subfascial pocket. Contralateral control defects remained empty. At 8 weeks wound/implant sites were evaluated histologically, immunohistochemically and morphometrically. Identifiable thoracic Adipogel implants lost volume in vivo over 8 weeks. Neovascularization and adipogenesis were evident within implants and adipocyte percentage volume was 33.07 ± 6.55% (mean ± SEM). A comparison of entire cross-sections of thoracic wounds demonstrated a significant increase in total wound fat in Adipogel-implanted wounds (37.19 ± 4.48%, mean ± SEM) compared to control (16.53 ± 4.60%; p = 0.0092), indicating that some Adipogel had been completely converted to normal fat. At the lumbar site, Adipogel also lost volume, appearing flattened, although fat generation and angiogenesis occurred. At both sites macrophage infiltration was mild, whilst many infiltrating cells were PDGFRβ-positive mesenchymal cells. Adipogel is adipogenic and angiogenic and is a promising candidate for subcutaneous fat regeneration; it has the potential to be a valuable adjunct to wound-healing therapy and reconstructive surgery practice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Debels
- O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Belgium
| | - Yi-Wen Gerrand
- O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Health Science Faculty, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
| | | | - Keren M Abberton
- O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Health Science Faculty, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wayne A Morrison
- O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Health Science Faculty, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Geraldine M Mitchell
- O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Health Science Faculty, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Modification of Bone Marrow Stem Cells for Homing and Survival During Cerebral Ischemia. BONE MARROW STEM CELL THERAPY FOR STROKE 2017. [PMCID: PMC7121342 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-2929-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, major advances have been made in stem cell-based therapy for ischemic stroke, which is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Various stem cells from bone marrow, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), have shown therapeutic potential for stroke. Concomitant with these exciting findings are some fundamental bottlenecks that must be overcome in order to accelerate their clinical translation, including the low survival and engraftment caused by the harsh microenvironment after transplantation. In this chapter, strategies such as gene modification, hypoxia/growth factor preconditioning, and biomaterial-based methods to improve cell survival and homing are summarized, and the potential strategies for their future application are also discussed.
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Abdelwahid E, Kalvelyte A, Stulpinas A, de Carvalho KAT, Guarita-Souza LC, Foldes G. Stem cell death and survival in heart regeneration and repair. Apoptosis 2016; 21:252-68. [PMID: 26687129 PMCID: PMC5200890 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are major causes of mortality and morbidity. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis disrupts cardiac function and leads to cardiac decompensation and terminal heart failure. Delineating the regulatory signaling pathways that orchestrate cell survival in the heart has significant therapeutic implications. Cardiac tissue has limited capacity to regenerate and repair. Stem cell therapy is a successful approach for repairing and regenerating ischemic cardiac tissue; however, transplanted cells display very high death percentage, a problem that affects success of tissue regeneration. Stem cells display multipotency or pluripotency and undergo self-renewal, however these events are negatively influenced by upregulation of cell death machinery that induces the significant decrease in survival and differentiation signals upon cardiovascular injury. While efforts to identify cell types and molecular pathways that promote cardiac tissue regeneration have been productive, studies that focus on blocking the extensive cell death after transplantation are limited. The control of cell death includes multiple networks rather than one crucial pathway, which underlies the challenge of identifying the interaction between various cellular and biochemical components. This review is aimed at exploiting the molecular mechanisms by which stem cells resist death signals to develop into mature and healthy cardiac cells. Specifically, we focus on a number of factors that control death and survival of stem cells upon transplantation and ultimately affect cardiac regeneration. We also discuss potential survival enhancing strategies and how they could be meaningful in the design of targeted therapies that improve cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eltyeb Abdelwahid
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Tarry 14-725, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Audrone Kalvelyte
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurimas Stulpinas
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho
- Cell Therapy and Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Institute, Curitiba, Paraná, 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cesar Guarita-Souza
- Experimental Laboratory of Institute of Biological and Health Sciences of Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Gabor Foldes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Experimental and Translational Medicine, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Kitami M, Kaku M, Rocabado JMR, Ida T, Akiba N, Uoshima K. Prolonged Survival of Transplanted Osteoblastic Cells Does Not Directly Accelerate the Healing of Calvarial Bone Defects. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:1974-82. [PMID: 26754153 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Considering the increased interest in cell-based bone regeneration, it is necessary to reveal the fate of transplanted cells and their substantive roles in bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to analyze the fate of transplanted cells and the effect of osteogenic cell transplantation on calvarial bone defect healing. An anti-apoptotic protein, heat shock protein (HSP) 27, was overexpressed in osteoblasts. Then, the treated osteoblasts were transplanted to calvarial bone defect and their fate was analyzed to evaluate the significance of transplanted cell survival. Transient overexpression of Hsp27 rescued MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells from H2 O2 -induced apoptosis without affecting osteoblastic differentiation in culture. Transplantation of Hsp27-overexpressing cells, encapsulated in collagen gel, showed higher proliferative activity, and fewer apoptotic cells in comparison with control cells. After 4-week of transplantation, both control cell- and Hsp27 overexpressed cell-transplanted groups showed significantly higher new bone formation in comparison with cell-free gel-transplantation group. Interestingly, the prolonged survival of transplanted osteoblastic cells by Hsp27 did not provide additional effect on bone healing. The transplanted cells in collagen gel survived for up to 4-week but did not differentiate into bone-forming osteoblasts. In conclusion, cell-containing collagen gel accelerated calvarial bone defect healing in comparison with cell-free collagen gel. However, prolonged survival of transplanted cells by Hsp27 overexpression did not provide additional effect. These results strongly indicate that cell transplantation-based bone regeneration cannot be explained only by the increment of osteogenic cells. Further studies are needed to elucidate the practical roles of transplanted cells that will potentiate successful bone regeneration. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1974-1982, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Kitami
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Masaru Kaku
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Takako Ida
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nami Akiba
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsumi Uoshima
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Tilkorn DJ. Angiogenesis, cell differentiation and cell survival in tissue engineering and cancer research. GMS INTERDISCIPLINARY PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY DGPW 2015; 4:Doc08. [PMID: 26504737 PMCID: PMC4604924 DOI: 10.3205/iprs000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent medical advances lead to a growing demand for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in the future. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine aim to create substitute tissue or restore lost or impaired tissue by combining biological science with engineering techniques, whereas cancer research faces the challenge to identify and hinder aberrant and uncontrolled cell growth. These two seemingly opposing fields of research share fundamental communalities. This review focuses on the shared underlying biological processes. Exploring these mechanisms of tissue growth and homeostasis from different angles will allow for creative novel approaches for both areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Johannes Tilkorn
- Klinik für Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Handchirurgie, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus, Essen, Germany
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15
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Vascularisation to improve translational potential of tissue engineering systems for cardiac repair. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 56:38-46. [PMID: 25449260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering is developing as an alternative approach to heart transplantation for treating heart failure. Shortage of organ donors and complications arising after orthotopic transplant remain major challenges to the modern field of heart transplantation. Engineering functional myocardium de novo requires an abundant source of cardiomyocytes, a biocompatible scaffold material and a functional vasculature to sustain the high metabolism of the construct. Progress has been made on several fronts, with cardiac cell biology, stem cells and biomaterials research particularly promising for cardiac tissue engineering, however currently employed strategies for vascularisation have lagged behind and limit the volume of tissue formed. Over ten years we have developed an in vivo tissue engineering model to construct vascularised tissue from various cell and tissue sources, including cardiac tissue. In this article we review the progress made with this approach and others, together with their potential to support a volume of engineered tissue for cardiac tissue engineering where contractile mass impacts directly on functional outcomes in translation to the clinic. It is clear that a scaled-up cardiac tissue engineering solution required for clinical treatment of heart failure will include a robust vascular supply for successful translation. This article is part of a directed issue entitled: Regenerative Medicine: the challenge of translation.
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Abstract
Stem cell transplantation therapy has emerged as a promising regenerative medicine for ischemic stroke and other neurodegenerative disorders. However, many issues and problems remain to be resolved before successful clinical applications of the cell-based therapy. To this end, some recent investigations have sought to benefit from well-known mechanisms of ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning. Ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning activates endogenous defense mechanisms that show marked protective effects against multiple insults found in ischemic stroke and other acute attacks. As in many other cell types, a sub-lethal hypoxic exposure significantly increases the tolerance and regenerative properties of stem cells and progenitor cells. So far, a variety of preconditioning triggers have been tested on different stem cells and progenitor cells. Preconditioned stem cells and progenitors generally show much better cell survival, increased neuronal differentiation, enhanced paracrine effects leading to increased trophic support, and improved homing to the lesion site. Transplantation of preconditioned cells helps to suppress inflammatory factors and immune responses, and promote functional recovery. Although the preconditioning strategy in stem cell therapy is still an emerging research area, accumulating information from reports over the last few years already indicates it as an attractive, if not essential, prerequisite for transplanted cells. It is expected that stem cell preconditioning and its clinical applications will attract more attention in both the basic research field of preconditioning as well as in the field of stem cell translational research. This review summarizes the most important findings in this active research area, covering the preconditioning triggers, potential mechanisms, mediators, and functional benefits for stem cell transplant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Liu X, Ye R, Yan T, Yu SP, Wei L, Xu G, Fan X, Jiang Y, Stetler RA, Liu G, Chen J. Cell based therapies for ischemic stroke: from basic science to bedside. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 115:92-115. [PMID: 24333397 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy is emerging as a viable therapy to restore neurological function after stroke. Many types of stem/progenitor cells from different sources have been explored for their feasibility and efficacy for the treatment of stroke. Transplanted cells not only have the potential to replace the lost circuitry, but also produce growth and trophic factors, or stimulate the release of such factors from host brain cells, thereby enhancing endogenous brain repair processes. Although stem/progenitor cells have shown a promising role in ischemic stroke in experimental studies as well as initial clinical pilot studies, cellular therapy is still at an early stage in humans. Many critical issues need to be addressed including the therapeutic time window, cell type selection, delivery route, and in vivo monitoring of their migration pattern. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive synopsis of preclinical evidence and clinical experience of various donor cell types, their restorative mechanisms, delivery routes, imaging strategies, future prospects and challenges for translating cell therapies as a neurorestorative regimen in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ruidong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gelin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinying Fan
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - R Anne Stetler
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jieli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Lokmic Z, Mitchell GM, Koh Wee Chong N, Bastiaanse J, Gerrand YW, Zeng Y, Williams ED, Penington AJ. Isolation of human lymphatic malformation endothelial cells, their in vitro characterization and in vivo survival in a mouse xenograft model. Angiogenesis 2013; 17:1-15. [PMID: 23884796 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Human lymphatic vascular malformations (LMs), also known as cystic hygromas or lymphangioma, consist of multiple lymphatic endothelial cell-lined lymph-containing cysts. No animal model of this disease exists. To develop a mouse xenograft model of human LM, CD34(Neg)CD31(Pos) LM lymphatic endothelial cells (LM-LEC) were isolated from surgical specimens and compared to foreskin CD34(Neg)CD31(Pos) lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Cells were implanted into a mouse tissue engineering model for 1, 2 and 4 weeks. In vitro LM-LECs showed increased proliferation and survival under starvation conditions (P < 0.0005 at 48 h, two-way ANOVA), increased migration (P < 0.001, two-way ANOVA) and formed fewer (P = 0.029, independent samples t test), shorter tubes (P = 0.029, independent samples t test) than foreskin LECs. In vivo LM-LECs implanted into a Matrigel™-containing mouse chamber model assembled to develop vessels with dilated cystic lumens lined with flat endothelium, morphology similar to that of clinical LMs. Human foreskin LECs failed to survive implantation. In LM-LEC implanted chambers the percent volume of podoplanin(Pos) vessels was 1.18 ± 2.24 % at 1 week, 6.34 ± 2.68 % at 2 weeks and increasing to 7.67 ± 3.60 % at 4 weeks. In conclusion, the significantly increased proliferation, migration, resistance to apoptosis and decreased tubulogenesis of LM-LECs observed in vitro is likely to account for their survival and assembly into stable LM-like structures when implanted into a mouse vascularised chamber model. This in vivo xenograft model will provide the basis of future studies of LM biology and testing of potential pharmacological interventions for patients with lymphatic malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerina Lokmic
- O'Brien Institute, 42 Fitzroy Street, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia,
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Yap KK, Dingle AM, Palmer JA, Dhillon RS, Lokmic Z, Penington AJ, Yeoh GC, Morrison WA, Mitchell GM. Enhanced liver progenitor cell survival and differentiation in vivo by spheroid implantation in a vascularized tissue engineering chamber. Biomaterials 2013; 34:3992-4001. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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