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Axemaker H, Plesselova S, Calar K, Jorgensen M, Wollman J, de la Puente P. Reprogramming of normal fibroblasts into ovarian cancer-associated fibroblasts via non-vesicular paracrine signaling induces an activated fibroblast phenotype. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119801. [PMID: 39038611 PMCID: PMC11365755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key contributors to ovarian cancer (OC) progression and therapeutic resistance through dysregulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). CAFs are a heterogenous population derived from different cell types through activation and reprogramming. Current studies rely on uncharacterized heterogenous primary CAFs or normal fibroblasts that fail to recapitulate CAF-like tumor behavior. Here, we present that conditioned media from ovarian cancer lines leads to an increase in the activated state of fibroblasts demonstrated by functional assays and up-regulation of known CAF-related genes and ECM pathways. Phenotypic and functional characterization demonstrated that the conditioned CAFs expressed a CAF-like phenotype, strengthened proliferation, secretory, contractility, and ECM remodeling properties when compared to resting normal fibroblasts, consistent with an activated fibroblast status. Moreover, conditioned CAFs significantly enhanced drug resistance and tumor progression. Critically, the conditioned CAFs resemble a transcriptional signature with involvement of ECM remodeling. The present study provides mechanistic and functional insights about the activation and reprogramming of CAFs in the ovarian tumor microenvironment mediated by non-vesicular paracrine signaling. Moreover, it provides a translational based approach to reprogram normal fibroblasts from both uterine and ovarian origin into CAFs using tumor-derived conditioned media. Using these resources, further development of therapeutics that possess potentiality and specificity towards CAF/ECM-mediated chemoresistance in OC are further warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Axemaker
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Simona Plesselova
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Kristin Calar
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Megan Jorgensen
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Jared Wollman
- Flow Cytometry Core, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Pilar de la Puente
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; Flow Cytometry Core, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA; Department of Surgery, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.
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2
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Sun J, Corradini S, Azab F, Shokeen M, Muz B, Miari KE, Maksimos M, Diedrich C, Asare O, Alhallak K, Park C, Lubben B, Chen Y, Adebayo O, Bash H, Kelley S, Fiala M, Bender DE, Zhou H, Wang S, Vij R, Williams MTS, Azab AK. IL-10R inhibition reprograms tumor-associated macrophages and reverses drug resistance in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2024:10.1038/s41375-024-02391-8. [PMID: 39215060 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the cancer of plasma cells within the bone marrow and remains incurable. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) within the tumor microenvironment often display a pro-tumor phenotype and correlate with tumor proliferation, survival, and therapy resistance. IL-10 is a key immunosuppressive cytokine that leads to recruitment and development of TAMs. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-10 in MM TAM development as well as the therapeutic application of IL-10/IL-10R/STAT3 signaling inhibition. We demonstrated that IL-10 is overexpressed in MM BM and mediates M2-like polarization of TAMs in patient BM, 3D co-cultures in vitro, and mouse models. In turn, TAMs promote MM proliferation and drug resistance, both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, inhibition of IL-10/IL-10R/STAT3 axis using a blocking IL-10R monoclonal antibody and STAT3 protein degrader/PROTAC prevented M2 polarization of TAMs and the consequent TAM-induced proliferation of MM, and re-sensitized MM to therapy, in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, our findings suggest that inhibition of IL-10/IL-10R/STAT3 axis is a novel therapeutic strategy with monotherapy efficacy and can be further combined with current anti-MM therapy, such as immunomodulatory drugs, to overcome drug resistance. Future investigation is warranted to evaluate the potential of such therapy in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stefan Corradini
- Charles Oakley Laboratories, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Feda Azab
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Monica Shokeen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katerina E Miari
- Charles Oakley Laboratories, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mina Maksimos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Camila Diedrich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Obed Asare
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kinan Alhallak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chaelee Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Berit Lubben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ola Adebayo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hannah Bash
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah Kelley
- Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark Fiala
- Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Diane E Bender
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Haibin Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ravi Vij
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark T S Williams
- Charles Oakley Laboratories, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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3
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Ilic J, Koelbl C, Simon F, Wußmann M, Ebert R, Trivanovic D, Herrmann M. Liquid Overlay and Collagen-Based Three-Dimensional Models for In Vitro Investigation of Multiple Myeloma. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2024; 30:193-205. [PMID: 38545771 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) clones reside in the bone marrow (BM), which plays a role in its survival and development. The interactions between MM and their neighboring mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to promote MM growth and drug resistance. However, those interactions are often missing or misrepresented in traditional two-dimensional (2D) culture models. Application of novel three-dimensional (3D) models might recapitulate the BM niche more precisely, which will offer new insights into MM progression and survival. Here, we aimed to establish two 3D models, based on MSC spheroids and collagen droplets incorporating both MM cells and MSCs with the goal of replicating the native myeloma context of the BM niche. This approach revealed that although MSCs can spontaneously assemble spheroids with altered metabolic traits, MSC spheroid culture does not support the integration of MM cells. On the contrary, collagen-droplet culture supported the growth of both cell types. In collagen, MSC proliferation was reduced, with the correlating decrease in ATP production and Ki-67 expression, which might resemble in vivo conditions, rather than 2D abundance of nutrients and space. MSCs and MMs were distributed homogenously throughout the collagen droplet, with an apparent CXCL12 expression in MSCs. In addition, the response of MM cells to bortezomib was substantially reduced in collagen, indicating the importance of 3D culture in the investigation of myeloma cell behavior, as drug resistance is one of the most pertinent issues in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Ilic
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Koelbl
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Simon
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maximiliane Wußmann
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies TLZ-RT, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Regina Ebert
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Drenka Trivanovic
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Drenka Trivanovic to Institute for Medical Research, Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Marietta Herrmann
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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4
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Ghoshal D, Petersen I, Ringquist R, Kramer L, Bhatia E, Hu T, Richard A, Park R, Corbin J, Agarwal S, Thomas A, Ramirez S, Tharayil J, Downey E, Ketchum F, Ochal A, Sonthi N, Lonial S, Kochenderfer JN, Tran R, Zhu M, Lam WA, Coskun AF, Roy K. Multi-Niche Human Bone Marrow On-A-Chip for Studying the Interactions of Adoptive CAR-T Cell Therapies with Multiple Myeloma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.08.588601. [PMID: 38644993 PMCID: PMC11030357 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.08.588601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), a cancer of bone marrow plasma cells, is the second-most common hematological malignancy. However, despite immunotherapies like chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, relapse is nearly universal. The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment influences how MM cells survive, proliferate, and resist treatment. Yet, it is unclear which BM niches give rise to MM pathophysiology. Here, we present a 3D microvascularized culture system, which models the endosteal and perivascular bone marrow niches, allowing us to study MM-stroma interactions in the BM niche and model responses to therapeutic CAR-T cells. We demonstrated the prolonged survival of cell line-based and patient-derived multiple myeloma cells within our in vitro system and successfully flowed in donor-matched CAR-T cells. We then measured T cell survival, differentiation, and cytotoxicity against MM cells using a variety of analysis techniques. Our MM-on-a-chip system could elucidate the role of the BM microenvironment in MM survival and therapeutic evasion and inform the rational design of next-generation therapeutics. TEASER A multiple myeloma model can study why the disease is still challenging to treat despite options that work well in other cancers.
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5
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Verbruggen SW, Freeman CL, Freeman FE. Utilizing 3D Models to Unravel the Dynamics of Myeloma Plasma Cells' Escape from the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:889. [PMID: 38473251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent therapeutic advancements have markedly increased the survival rates of individuals with multiple myeloma (MM), doubling survival compared to pre-2000 estimates. This progress, driven by highly effective novel agents, suggests a growing population of MM survivors exceeding the 10-year mark post-diagnosis. However, contemporary clinical observations indicate potential trends toward more aggressive relapse phenotypes, characterized by extramedullary disease and dominant proliferative clones, despite these highly effective treatments. To build upon these advances, it is crucial to develop models of MM evolution, particularly focusing on understanding the biological mechanisms behind its development outside the bone marrow. This comprehensive understanding is essential to devising innovative treatment strategies. This review emphasizes the role of 3D models, specifically addressing the bone marrow microenvironment and development of extramedullary sites. It explores the current state-of-the-art in MM modelling, highlighting challenges in replicating the disease's complexity. Recognizing the unique demand for accurate models, the discussion underscores the potential impact of these advanced 3D models on understanding and combating this heterogeneous and still incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefaan W Verbruggen
- Digital Environment Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Center for Predictive In Vitro Models, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Ciara L Freeman
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Fiona E Freeman
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Engineering and Materials Science Centre, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Miari KE, Williams MTS. Stromal bone marrow fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells support acute myeloid leukaemia cells and promote therapy resistance. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:216-237. [PMID: 36609915 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is the primary site of adult haematopoiesis, where stromal elements (e.g. fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs]) work in concert to support blood cell development. However, the establishment of an abnormal clone can lead to a blood malignancy, such as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Despite our increased understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, patient survival remains suboptimal, mainly driven by the development of therapy resistance. In this review, we highlight the importance of bone marrow fibroblasts and MSCs in health and acute myeloid leukaemia and their impact on patient prognosis. We discuss how stromal elements reduce the killing effects of therapies via a combination of contact-dependent (e.g. integrins) and contact-independent (i.e. secreted factors) mechanisms, accompanied by the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Importantly, we underline the challenges of therapeutically targeting the bone marrow stroma to improve acute myeloid leukaemia patient outcomes, due to the inherent heterogeneity of stromal cell populations. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Cancer Microenvironment and Pharmacological Interventions. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina E Miari
- Charles Oakley Laboratories, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark T S Williams
- Charles Oakley Laboratories, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
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7
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Campanile M, Bettinelli L, Cerutti C, Spinetti G. Bone marrow vasculature advanced in vitro models for cancer and cardiovascular research. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1261849. [PMID: 37915743 PMCID: PMC10616801 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1261849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases and cancer are among the most common diseases worldwide and are a serious concern to the healthcare system. These conditions, apparently distant, share common molecular and cellular determinants, that can represent targets for preventive and therapeutic approaches. The bone marrow plays an important role in this context as it is the main source of cells involved in cardiovascular regeneration, and one of the main sites of liquid and solid tumor metastasis, both characterized by the cellular trafficking across the bone marrow vasculature. The bone marrow vasculature has been widely studied in animal models, however, it is clear the need for human-specific in vitro models, that resemble the bone vasculature lined by endothelial cells to study the molecular mechanisms governing cell trafficking. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on in vitro models of bone marrow vasculature developed for cardiovascular and cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Campanile
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bettinelli
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS-IEO, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Cerutti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS-IEO, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Spinetti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
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8
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Axemaker H, Plesselova S, Calar K, Jorgensen M, Wollman J, de la Puente P. Normal Uterine Fibroblast Are Reprogramed into Ovarian Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts by Ovarian Tumor-derived Conditioned Media. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.29.560158. [PMID: 37873479 PMCID: PMC10592803 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.29.560158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key contributors to ovarian cancer (OC) progression and therapeutic resistance through dysregulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). CAFs are a heterogenous population derived from different cell types through activation and reprogramming. Current studies rely on uncharacterized heterogenous primary CAFs or normal fibroblasts that fail to recapitulate CAF-like tumor behavior. Here, we present a translatable-based approach for the reprogramming of normal uterine fibroblasts into ovarian CAFs using ovarian tumor-derived conditioned media to establish two well-characterized ovarian conditioned CAF lines. Phenotypic and functional characterization demonstrated that the conditioned CAFs expressed a CAF-like phenotype, strengthened proliferation, secretory, contractility, and ECM remodeling properties when compared to resting normal fibroblasts, consistent with an activated fibroblast status. Moreover, conditioned CAFs significantly enhanced drug resistance and tumor progression and resembled a CAF-like subtype associated with worse prognosis. The present study provides a reproducible, cost-effective, and clinically relevant protocol to reprogram normal fibroblasts into CAFs using tumor-derived conditioned media. Using these resources, further development of therapeutics that possess potentiality and specificity towards CAF-mediated chemoresistance in OC are further warranted.
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Barozzi D, Scielzo C. Emerging Strategies in 3D Culture Models for Hematological Cancers. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e932. [PMID: 37520775 PMCID: PMC10378728 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro cell cultures are fundamental and necessary tools in cancer research and personalized drug discovery. Currently, most cells are cultured using two-dimensional (2D) methods, and drug testing is mainly performed in animal models. However, new and improved methods that implement three-dimensional (3D) cell-culturing techniques provide compelling evidence that more advanced experiments can be performed, yielding valuable new insights. In 3D cell-culture experiments, the cell environment can be manipulated to mimic the complexity and dynamicity of the human tissue microenvironment, possibly leading to more accurate representations of cell-to-cell interactions, tumor biology, and predictions of drug response. The 3D cell cultures can also potentially provide alternative ways to study hematological cancers and are expected to eventually bridge the gap between 2D cell culture and animal models. The present review provides an overview of the complexity of the lymphoid microenvironment and a summary of the currently used 3D models that aim at recreating it for hematological cancer research. We here dissect the differences and challenges between, and potential advantages of, different culture methods and present our vision of the most promising future strategies in the hematological field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Barozzi
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, School of Medicine and Surgery, PhD program in Molecular and Translational Medicine (DIMET), Milano, Italy
- Unit of Malignant B cells biology and 3D modelling, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Scielzo
- Unit of Malignant B cells biology and 3D modelling, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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10
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Maksimos M, Muz B, Magnani JL, Azab AK. E-selectin-targeting lipid nanoparticles improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects of bortezomib in multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2023; 13:48. [PMID: 37029121 PMCID: PMC10081993 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Maksimos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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11
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Wang R, Zhang C, Li D, Yao Y. Tumor-on-a-chip: Perfusable vascular incorporation brings new approach to tumor metastasis research and drug development. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1057913. [PMID: 36483772 PMCID: PMC9722735 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1057913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix interacts with cancer cells and is a key factor in the development of cancer. Traditional two-dimensional models cannot mimic the natural in situ environment of cancer tissues, whereas three-dimensional (3D) models such as spherical culture, bioprinting, and microfluidic approaches can achieve in vitro reproduction of certain structures and components of the tumor microenvironment, including simulation of the hypoxic environment of tumor tissue. However, the lack of a perfusable vascular network is a limitation of most 3D models. Solid tumor growth and metastasis require angiogenesis, and tumor models with microvascular networks have been developed to better understand underlying mechanisms. Tumor-on-a-chip technology combines the advantages of microfluidics and 3D cell culture technology for the simulation of tumor tissue complexity and characteristics. In this review, we summarize progress in constructing tumor-on-a-chip models with efficiently perfused vascular networks. We also discuss the applications of tumor-on-a-chip technology to studying the tumor microenvironment and drug development. Finally, we describe the creation of several common tumor models based on this technology to provide a deeper understanding and new insights into the design of vascularized cancer models. We believe that the tumor-on-a-chip approach is an important development that will provide further contributions to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Danxue Li
- *Correspondence: Danxue Li, ; Yang Yao,
| | - Yang Yao
- *Correspondence: Danxue Li, ; Yang Yao,
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12
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An mTORC1 to HRI signaling axis promotes cytotoxicity of proteasome inhibitors in multiple myeloma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:969. [PMID: 36400754 PMCID: PMC9674573 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) causes approximately 20% of deaths from blood cancers. Notwithstanding significant therapeutic progress, such as with proteasome inhibitors (PIs), MM remains incurable due to the development of resistance. mTORC1 is a key metabolic regulator, which frequently becomes dysregulated in cancer. While mTORC1 inhibitors reduce MM viability and synergize with other therapies in vitro, clinically, mTORC1 inhibitors are not effective for MM. Here we show that the inactivation of mTORC1 is an intrinsic response of MM to PI treatment. Genetically enforced hyperactivation of mTORC1 in MM was sufficient to compromise tumorigenicity in mice. In vitro, mTORC1-hyperactivated MM cells gained sensitivity to PIs and hypoxia. This was accompanied by increased mitochondrial stress and activation of the eIF2α kinase HRI, which initiates the integrated stress response. Deletion of HRI elevated the toxicity of PIs in wt and mTORC1-activated MM. Finally, we identified the drug PMA as a robust inducer of mTORC1 activity, which synergized with PIs in inducing MM cell death. These results help explain the clinical inefficacy of mTORC1 inhibitors in MM. Our data implicate mTORC1 induction and/or HRI inhibition as pharmacological strategies to enhance MM therapy by PIs.
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David KI, Ravikumar TS, Sethuraman S, Krishnan UM. Investigations of an organic-inorganic nanotheranostic hybrid for pancreatic cancer therapy using cancer-in-a-dish and in vivomodels. Biomed Mater 2022; 18. [PMID: 36270604 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac9cb2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of highly aggressive pancreatic cancer is increasing across the globe and is projected to increase to 18.6% by 2050. The mortality rate for this form of cancer is very high and the 5 y relative survival rate is only about 9%-10%. The 3D pancreatic cancer microenvironment exerts a major influence on the poor survival rate. A key factor is the prevention of the penetration of the chemotherapeutic drugs in the three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment leading to the development of chemoresistance which is a major contributor to the survival rates. Hence,in vitrostudies using 3D cultures represent a better approach to understand the effect of therapeutic formulations on the cancer cells when compared to conventional 2D cultures. In the present study, we have explored three different conditions for the development of a 3D pancreatic tumour spheroid model from MiaPaCa-2 and PanC1 cells cultured for 10 days using Matrigel matrix. This optimized spheroid model was employed to evaluate a multi-functional nanotheranostic system fabricated using chitosan nanoparticles co-encapsulated with the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine and gold-capped iron oxide nanoparticles for multimodal imaging. The effect of the single and multiple-dose regimens of the theranostic system on the viability of 3D spheroids formed from the two pancreatic cancer cell lines was studied. It was observed that the 3D tumour spheroids cultured for 10 days exhibited resistance towards free gemcitabine drug, unlike the 2D culture. The administration of the multifunctional nanotheranostic system on alternate days effectively reduced the cancer cell viability after five doses to about 20% when compared with other groups. The repeated doses of the nanotheranostic system were found to be more effective than the single dose. Cell line-based differences in internalization of the carrier was also reflected in their response to the nanocarrier with PanC1 showing better sensitivity to the treatment.In vivostudies revealed that the combination of gemcitabine and magnetic field induced hypothermia produced superior regression in cancer when compared with the chemotherapeutic agent alone by a combination of activating the pro-apoptotic pathway and heat-induced necrosis. Our results reveal that this multi-functional system holds promise to overcome the current challenges to treat pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolyn Infanta David
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India
| | - T S Ravikumar
- Formerly at Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS) Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India.,School of Arts, Sciences, Humanities and Education, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India
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14
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Marín-Payá JC, Clara-Trujillo S, Cordón L, Gallego Ferrer G, Sempere A, Gómez Ribelles JL. Protein-Functionalized Microgel for Multiple Myeloma Cells’ 3D Culture. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112797. [PMID: 36359316 PMCID: PMC9687145 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a hematologic neoplasm caused by an uncontrolled clonal proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells (nPCs) in the bone marrow. The development and survival of this disease is tightly related to the bone marrow environment. Proliferation and viability of nPCs depend on their interaction with the stromal cells and the extracellular matrix components, which also influences the appearance of drug resistance. Recapitulating these interactions in an in vitro culture requires 3D environments that incorporate the biomolecules of interest. In this work, we studied the proliferation and viability of three multiple myeloma cell lines in a microgel consisting of biostable microspheres with fibronectin (FN) on their surfaces. We also showed that the interaction of the RPMI8226 cell line with FN induced cell arrest in the G0/G1 cell cycle phase. RPMI8226 cells developed a significant resistance to dexamethasone, which was reduced when they were treated with dexamethasone and bortezomib in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Marín-Payá
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, CBIT, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Clara-Trujillo
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, CBIT, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Cordón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto Carlos III, 20029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Gallego Ferrer
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, CBIT, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Sempere
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto Carlos III, 20029 Madrid, Spain
- Haematology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Gómez Ribelles
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, CBIT, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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15
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Sanchez-Fdez A, Sharma AK, Tiriac H, Sicklick JK. Patient-Derived Sarcoma Organoids Offer a Novel Platform for Personalized Precision Medicine. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:7239-7241. [PMID: 35831519 PMCID: PMC10173699 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Sanchez-Fdez
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ashwyn K Sharma
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Herve Tiriac
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jason K Sicklick
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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16
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Lourenço D, Lopes R, Pestana C, Queirós AC, João C, Carneiro EA. Patient-Derived Multiple Myeloma 3D Models for Personalized Medicine-Are We There Yet? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12888. [PMID: 36361677 PMCID: PMC9657251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the wide variety of existing therapies, multiple myeloma (MM) remains a disease with dismal prognosis. Choosing the right treatment for each patient remains one of the major challenges. A new approach being explored is the use of ex vivo models for personalized medicine. Two-dimensional culture or animal models often fail to predict clinical outcomes. Three-dimensional ex vivo models using patients' bone marrow (BM) cells may better reproduce the complexity and heterogeneity of the BM microenvironment. Here, we review the strengths and limitations of currently existing patient-derived ex vivo three-dimensional MM models. We analyze their biochemical and biophysical properties, molecular and cellular characteristics, as well as their potential for drug testing and identification of disease biomarkers. Furthermore, we discuss the remaining challenges and give some insight on how to achieve a more biomimetic and accurate MM BM model. Overall, there is still a need for standardized culture methods and refined readout techniques. Including both myeloma and other cells of the BM microenvironment in a simple and reproducible three-dimensional scaffold is the key to faithfully mapping and examining the relationship between these players in MM. This will allow a patient-personalized profile, providing a powerful tool for clinical and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lourenço
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group—Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Lopes
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group—Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Pestana
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group—Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre of Statistics and Its Applications, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Queirós
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group—Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina João
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group—Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA Medical School, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Hemato-Oncology Department of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Emilie Arnault Carneiro
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group—Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
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17
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Giger S, Hofer M, Miljkovic-Licina M, Hoehnel S, Brandenberg N, Guiet R, Ehrbar M, Kleiner E, Gegenschatz-Schmid K, Matthes T, Lutolf MP. Microarrayed human bone marrow organoids for modeling blood stem cell dynamics. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:036101. [PMID: 35818479 PMCID: PMC9270995 DOI: 10.1063/5.0092860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In many leukemia patients, a poor prognosis is attributed either to the development of chemotherapy resistance by leukemic stem cells (LSCs) or to the inefficient engraftment of transplanted hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) into the bone marrow (BM). Here, we build a 3D in vitro model system of bone marrow organoids (BMOs) that recapitulate several structural and cellular components of native BM. These organoids are formed in a high-throughput manner from the aggregation of endothelial and mesenchymal cells within hydrogel microwells. Accordingly, the mesenchymal compartment shows partial maintenance of its self-renewal and multilineage potential, while endothelial cells self-organize into an interconnected vessel-like network. Intriguingly, such an endothelial compartment enhances the recruitment of HSPCs in a chemokine ligand/receptor-dependent manner, reminiscent of HSPC homing behavior in vivo. Additionally, we also model LSC migration and nesting in BMOs, thus highlighting the potential of this system as a well accessible and scalable preclinical model for candidate drug screening and patient-specific assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Giger
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Hofer
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sylke Hoehnel
- SUN Bioscience, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Romain Guiet
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Ehrbar Lab, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Kleiner
- Ehrbar Lab, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Li YR, Yu Y, Kramer A, Hon R, Wilson M, Brown J, Yang L. An Ex Vivo 3D Tumor Microenvironment-Mimicry Culture to Study TAM Modulation of Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091583. [PMID: 35563889 PMCID: PMC9101510 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) accumulate in the solid tumor microenvironment (TME) and have been shown to promote tumor growth and dampen antitumor immune responses. TAM-mediated suppression of T-cell antitumor reactivity is considered to be a major obstacle for many immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive T/CAR-T-cell therapies. An ex vivo culture system closely mimicking the TME can greatly facilitate the study of cancer immunotherapies. Here, we report the development of a 3D TME-mimicry culture that is comprised of the three major components of a human TME, including human tumor cells, TAMs, and tumor antigen-specific T cells. This TME-mimicry culture can readout the TAM-mediated suppression of T-cell antitumor reactivity, and therefore can be used to study TAM modulation of T-cell-based cancer immunotherapy. As a proof-of-principle, the studies of a PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy and a MAO-A blockade therapy were performed and validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Y.); (A.K.); (R.H.); (M.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Yanqi Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Y.); (A.K.); (R.H.); (M.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Adam Kramer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Y.); (A.K.); (R.H.); (M.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Ryan Hon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Y.); (A.K.); (R.H.); (M.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Matthew Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Y.); (A.K.); (R.H.); (M.W.); (J.B.)
| | - James Brown
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Y.); (A.K.); (R.H.); (M.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Y.); (A.K.); (R.H.); (M.W.); (J.B.)
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-310-825-8609
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19
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Ronaldson-Bouchard K, Baldassarri I, Tavakol DN, Graney PL, Samaritano M, Cimetta E, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Engineering complexity in human tissue models of cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114181. [PMID: 35278521 PMCID: PMC9035134 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Major progress in the understanding and treatment of cancer have tremendously improved our knowledge of this complex disease and improved the length and quality of patients' lives. Still, major challenges remain, in particular with respect to cancer metastasis which still escapes effective treatment and remains responsible for 90% of cancer related deaths. In recent years, the advances in cancer cell biology, oncology and tissue engineering converged into the engineered human tissue models of cancer that are increasingly recapitulating many aspects of cancer progression and response to drugs, in a patient-specific context. The complexity and biological fidelity of these models, as well as the specific questions they aim to investigate, vary in a very broad range. When selecting and designing these experimental models, the fundamental question is "how simple is complex enough" to accomplish a specific goal of cancer research. Here we review the state of the art in developing and using the human tissue models in cancer research and developmental drug screening. We describe the main classes of models providing different levels of biological fidelity and complexity, discuss their advantages and limitations, and propose a framework for designing an appropriate model for a given study. We close by outlining some of the current needs, opportunities and challenges in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacey Ronaldson-Bouchard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ilaria Baldassarri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel Naveed Tavakol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pamela L Graney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maria Samaritano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elisa Cimetta
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy; Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY 10032, USA; College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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20
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Clara-Trujillo S, Tolosa L, Cordón L, Sempere A, Gallego Ferrer G, Gómez Ribelles JL. Novel microgel culture system as semi-solid three-dimensional in vitro model for the study of multiple myeloma proliferation and drug resistance. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 135:212749. [PMID: 35929221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy in which the patient's drug resistance is one of the main clinical problems. As 2D cultures do not recapitulate the cellular microenvironment, which has a key role in drug resistance, there is an urgent need for better biomimetic models. Here, a novel 3D platform is used to model MM. The semi-solid culture consists of a dynamic suspension of microspheres and MM cells, termed as microgel. Microspheres are synthesized with acrylic polymers of different sizes, compositions, and functionalities (fibronectin or hyaluronic acid). Optimal conditions for the platform in terms of agitation speed and microsphere size have been determined. With these parameters the system allows good proliferation of the MM cell lines RPMI8226, U226, and MM1.S. Interestingly, when used for drug resistance studies, culture of the three MM cell lines in microgels showed close agreement in revealing the role of acrylic acid in resistance to anti-MM drugs such as dexamethasone and bortezomib. This work presents a unique platform for the in vitro modeling of non-solid tumors since it allows keeping non-adherent cells in suspension conditions but in a 3D context that can be easily tuned with different functionalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Clara-Trujillo
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia 46022, Spain.
| | - Laia Tolosa
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia 46022, Spain; Experimental Hepatology Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia 46026, Spain
| | - Lourdes Cordón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hematology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Sempere
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Gallego Ferrer
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - José Luis Gómez Ribelles
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia 46022, Spain
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21
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Wu D, Wang Z, Li J, Song Y, Perez MEM, Wang Z, Cao X, Cao C, Maharjan S, Anderson KC, Chauhan D, Zhang YS. A 3D-Bioprinted Multiple Myeloma Model. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2100884. [PMID: 34558232 PMCID: PMC8940744 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells accounting for ≈12% of hematological malignancies. In this study, the fabrication of a high-content in vitro MM model using a coaxial extrusion bioprinting method is reported, allowing formation of a human bone marrow-like microenvironment featuring an outer mineral-containing sheath and the inner soft hydrogel-based core. MM cells are mono-cultured or co-cultured with HS5 stromal cells that can release interleukin-6 (IL-6), where the cells show superior behaviors and responses to bortezomib in 3D models than in the planar cultures. Tocilizumab, a recombinant humanized anti-IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), is investigated for its efficacy to enhance the chemosensitivity of bortezomib on MM cells cultured in the 3D model by inhibiting IL-6R. More excitingly, in a proof-of-concept demonstration, it is revealed that patient-derived MM cells can be maintained in 3D-bioprinted microenvironment with decent viability for up to 7 days evaluated, whereas they completely die off in planar culture as soon as 5 days. In conclusion, a 3D-bioprinted MM model is fabricated to emulate some characteristics of the human bone marrow to promote growth and proliferation of the encapsulated MM cells, providing new insights for MM modeling, drug development, and personalized therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zongyi Wang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yan Song
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Manuel Everardo Mondragon Perez
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xia Cao
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Changliang Cao
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sushila Maharjan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dharminder Chauhan
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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22
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Zylla JLS, Hoffman MM, Plesselova S, Bhattacharya S, Calar K, Afeworki Y, de la Puente P, Gnimpieba EZ, Miskimins WK, Messerli SM. Reduction of Metastasis via Epigenetic Modulation in a Murine Model of Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1753. [PMID: 35406526 PMCID: PMC8996906 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of a dual selective Class I histone deacetylase (HDAC)/lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (LSD1) inhibitor known as 4SC-202 (Domatinostat) on tumor growth and metastasis in a highly metastatic murine model of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). 4SC-202 is cytotoxic and cytostatic to the TNBC murine cell line 4T1 and the human TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231; the drug does not kill the normal breast epithelial cell line MCF10A. Furthermore, 4SC-202 reduces cancer cell migration. In vivo studies conducted in the syngeneic 4T1 model, which closely mimics human TNBC in terms of sites of metastasis, reveal reduced tumor burden and lung metastasis. The mechanism of action of 4SC-202 may involve effects on cancer stem cells (CSC) which can self-renew and form metastatic lesions. Approximately 5% of the total 4T1 cell population grown in three-dimensional scaffolds had a distinct CD44high/CD24low CSC profile which decreased after treatment. Bulk transcriptome (RNA) sequencing analyses of 4T1 tumors reveal changes in metastasis-related pathways in 4SC-202-treated tumors, including changes to expression levels of genes implicated in cell migration and cell motility. In summary, 4SC-202 treatment of tumors from a highly metastatic murine model of TNBC reduces metastasis and warrants further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. S. Zylla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA; (J.L.S.Z.); (M.M.H.); (E.Z.G.)
- 2-Dimensional Materials for Biofilm Engineering Science and Technology (2DBEST) Center, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
| | - Mariah M. Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA; (J.L.S.Z.); (M.M.H.); (E.Z.G.)
- 2-Dimensional Materials for Biofilm Engineering Science and Technology (2DBEST) Center, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
| | - Simona Plesselova
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (S.P.); (S.B.); (K.C.); (P.d.l.P.); (W.K.M.)
| | - Somshuvra Bhattacharya
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (S.P.); (S.B.); (K.C.); (P.d.l.P.); (W.K.M.)
| | - Kristin Calar
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (S.P.); (S.B.); (K.C.); (P.d.l.P.); (W.K.M.)
| | - Yohannes Afeworki
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Pilar de la Puente
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (S.P.); (S.B.); (K.C.); (P.d.l.P.); (W.K.M.)
- Department of Surgery, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA
| | - Etienne Z. Gnimpieba
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA; (J.L.S.Z.); (M.M.H.); (E.Z.G.)
- 2-Dimensional Materials for Biofilm Engineering Science and Technology (2DBEST) Center, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
| | - W. Keith Miskimins
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (S.P.); (S.B.); (K.C.); (P.d.l.P.); (W.K.M.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA
| | - Shanta M. Messerli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA; (J.L.S.Z.); (M.M.H.); (E.Z.G.)
- 2-Dimensional Materials for Biofilm Engineering Science and Technology (2DBEST) Center, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (S.P.); (S.B.); (K.C.); (P.d.l.P.); (W.K.M.)
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA
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23
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Harmon KA, Roman S, Lancaster HD, Chowhury S, Cull E, Goodwin RL, Arce S, Fanning S. Structural and Ultrastructural Analysis of the Multiple Myeloma Cell Niche and a Patient-Specific Model of Plasma Cell Dysfunction. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:254-264. [PMID: 34881690 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621013805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a deadly, incurable malignancy in which antibody-secreting plasma cells (PCs) become neoplastic. Previous studies have shown that the PC niche plays a role cancer progression. Bone marrow (BM) cores from MM and a premalignant condition known as monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) patients were analyzed with confocal and transmission electron microscopy. The BM aspirates from these patients were used to generate 3D PC cultures. These in vitro cultures were then assayed for the molecular, cellular, and ultrastructural hallmarks of dysfunctional PC at days 1 and 5. In vivo, evidence of PC endoplasmic reticulum stress was found in both MM and MGUS BM; however, evidence of PC autophagy was found only in MM BM. Analysis of in vitro cultures found that MM PC can survive and maintain a differentiated phenotype over an unprecedented 5 days, had higher levels of paraprotein production when compared to MGUS-derived cultures, and showed evidence of PC autophagy as well. Increased fibronectin deposition around PC associated with disease severity and autophagy dysregulation was also observed. 3D cultures constructed from BM aspirates from MGUS and MM patients allow for long-term culture of functional PC while maintaining their distinct morphological phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harrison D Lancaster
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Saeeda Chowhury
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prisma Health System Upstate, Greenville, SC29605, USA
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Greenville, SC29605, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cull
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prisma Health System Upstate, Greenville, SC29605, USA
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Greenville, SC29605, USA
| | - Richard L Goodwin
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Sergio Arce
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Greenville, SC29605, USA
| | - Suzanne Fanning
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prisma Health System Upstate, Greenville, SC29605, USA
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Greenville, SC29605, USA
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24
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The extracellular matrix of hematopoietic stem cell niches. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114069. [PMID: 34838648 PMCID: PMC8860232 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive overview of different classes of ECM molecules in the HSC niche. Overview of current knowledge on role of biophysics of the HSC niche. Description of approaches to create artificial stem cell niches for several application. Importance of considering ECM in drug development and testing.
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the life-long source of all types of blood cells. Their function is controlled by their direct microenvironment, the HSC niche in the bone marrow. Although the importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the niche by orchestrating niche architecture and cellular function is widely acknowledged, it is still underexplored. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the ECM in HSC niches. For this purpose, we first briefly outline HSC niche biology and then review the role of the different classes of ECM molecules in the niche one by one and how they are perceived by cells. Matrix remodeling and the emerging importance of biophysics in HSC niche function are discussed. Finally, the application of the current knowledge of ECM in the niche in form of artificial HSC niches for HSC expansion or targeted differentiation as well as drug testing is reviewed.
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25
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Sui C, Zilberberg J, Lee W. Microfluidic device engineered to study the trafficking of multiple myeloma cancer cells through the sinusoidal niche of bone marrow. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1439. [PMID: 35087109 PMCID: PMC8795452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable B cell malignancy characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). It has been a significant challenge to study the spatiotemporal interactions of MM cancer cells with the embedded microenvironments of BM. Here we report a microfluidic device which was designed to mimic several physiological features of the BM niche: (1) sinusoidal circulation, (2) sinusoidal endothelium, and (3) stroma. The endothelial and stromal compartments were constructed and used to demonstrate the device's utility by spatiotemporally characterizing the CXCL12-mediated egression of MM cells from the BM stroma and its effects on the barrier function of endothelial cells (ECs). We found that the egression of MM cells resulted in less organized and loosely connected ECs, the widening of EC junction pores, and increased permeability through ECs, but without significantly affecting the number density of viable ECs. The results suggest that the device can be used to study the physical and secreted factors determining the trafficking of cancer cells through BM. The sinusoidal flow feature of the device provides an integral element for further creating systemic models of cancers that reside or metastasize to the BM niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sui
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Jenny Zilberberg
- Hackensack Meridian Health, Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA. .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point On Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA.
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26
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Waldschmidt JM, Fruttiger SJ, Wider D, Jung J, Thomsen AR, Hartmann TN, Duyster J, Hug MJ, Azab KA, Jung M, Wäsch R, Engelhardt M. Ex vivo propagation in a novel 3D high-throughput co-culture system for multiple myeloma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1045-1055. [PMID: 35072775 PMCID: PMC9016043 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable hematologic malignancy which ultimately develops drug resistance and evades treatment. Despite substantial therapeutic advances over the past years, the clinical failure rate of preclinically promising anti-MM drugs remains substantial. More realistic in vitro models are thus required to better predict clinical efficacy of a preclinically active compound. Methods Here, we report on the establishment of a conical agarose 3D co-culture platform for the preclinical propagation of primary MM cells ex vivo. Cell growth was compared to yet established 2D and liquid overlay systems. MM cell lines (MMCL: RPMI-8226, U266, OPM-2) and primary patient specimens were tested. Drug sensitivity was examined by exploring the cytotoxic effect of bortezomib and the deubiquitinase inhibitor auranofin under various conditions. Results In contrast to 2D and liquid overlay, cell proliferation in the 3D array followed a sigmoidal curve characterized by an initial growth delay but more durable proliferation of MMCL over 12 days of culture. Primary MM specimens did not expand in ex vivo monoculture, but required co-culture support by a human stromal cell line (HS-5, MSP-1). HS-5 induced a > fivefold increase in cluster volume and maintained long-term viability of primary MM cells for up to 21 days. Bortezomib and auranofin induced less cytotoxicity under 3D vs. 2D condition and in co- vs. monoculture, respectively. Conclusions This study introduces a novel model that is capable of long-term propagation and drug testing of primary MM specimens ex vivo overcoming some of the pitfalls of currently available in vitro models. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-021-03854-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M Waldschmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 53, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan J Fruttiger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 53, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Pharmacy, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wider
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 53, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 53, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas R Thomsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tanja N Hartmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 53, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 53, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Hug
- Pharmacy, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kareem A Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Wäsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 53, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monika Engelhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 53, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
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27
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Voeltzel T, Fossard G, Degaud M, Geistlich K, Gadot N, Jeanpierre S, Mikaelian I, Brevet M, Anginot A, Le Bousse-Kerdilès MC, Trichet V, Lefort S, Maguer-Satta V. A minimal standardized human bone marrow microphysiological system to assess resident cell behavior during normal and pathological processes. Biomater Sci 2021; 10:485-498. [PMID: 34904143 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01098k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow is a complex and dynamic microenvironment that provides essential cues to resident cells. We developed a standardized three-dimensional (3D) model to decipher mechanisms that control human cells during hematological and non-hematological processes. Our simple 3D-model is constituted of a biphasic calcium phosphate-based scaffold and human cell lines to ensure a high reproducibility. We obtained a minimal well-organized bone marrow-like structure in which various cell types and secreted extracellular matrix can be observed and characterized by in situ imaging or following viable cell retrieval. The complexity of the system can be increased and customized, with each cellular component being independently modulated according to the issue investigated. Introduction of pathological elements in this 3D-system accurately reproduced changes observed in patient bone marrow. Hence, we have developed a handy and flexible standardized microphysiological system that mimics human bone marrow, allowing histological analysis and functional assays on collected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Voeltzel
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Department of Cancer Initiation and Tumor cell Identity and Lyon, France.,CNRS GDR 3697 MicroNiT, Tours, France.
| | - Gaëlle Fossard
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Department of Cancer Initiation and Tumor cell Identity and Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, F-69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Michaël Degaud
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Department of Cancer Initiation and Tumor cell Identity and Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, F-69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Kevin Geistlich
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Department of Cancer Initiation and Tumor cell Identity and Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Gadot
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Research Pathology Platform, Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Jeanpierre
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Department of Cancer Initiation and Tumor cell Identity and Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Ivan Mikaelian
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Department of Cancer Initiation and Tumor cell Identity and Lyon, France
| | - Marie Brevet
- Pathology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron F-69500, France
| | - Adrienne Anginot
- UMR1197, Université Paris-Saclay, 94800 Villejuif, France.,CNRS GDR 3697 MicroNiT, Tours, France.
| | | | - Valérie Trichet
- INSERM, UMR 1238, PHYOS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.,CNRS GDR 3697 MicroNiT, Tours, France.
| | - Sylvain Lefort
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Department of Cancer Initiation and Tumor cell Identity and Lyon, France.,CNRS GDR 3697 MicroNiT, Tours, France.
| | - Véronique Maguer-Satta
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Department of Cancer Initiation and Tumor cell Identity and Lyon, France.,CNRS GDR 3697 MicroNiT, Tours, France. .,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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28
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Moore CA, Ferrer AI, Alonso S, Pamarthi SH, Sandiford OA, Rameshwar P. Exosomes in the Healthy and Malignant Bone Marrow Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1350:67-89. [PMID: 34888844 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83282-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is a complex organ that sustains hematopoiesis via mechanisms involving the microenvironment. The microenvironment includes several cell types, neurotransmitters from innervated fibers, growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, and extracellular vesicles. The main function of the BM is to regulate hematopoietic function to sustain the production of blood and immune cells. However, the BM microenvironment can also accommodate the survival of malignant cells. A major mechanism by which the cancer cells communicate with cells of the BM microenvironment is through the exchange of exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles that deliver molecular signals bidirectionally between malignant and healthy cells. The field of exosomes is an active area of investigation since an understanding of how the exosomal packaging, cargo, and production can be leveraged therapeutically to deter cancer progression and sensitize malignant cells to other therapies. Altogether, this chapter discusses the crucial role of exosomes in the development and progression of BM-associated cancers, such as hematologic malignancies and marrow-metastatic breast cancer. Exosome-based therapeutic strategies and their limitations are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn A Moore
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Alejandra I Ferrer
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Sara Alonso
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Sri Harika Pamarthi
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Oleta A Sandiford
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States.
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States.
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29
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Culturing patient-derived malignant hematopoietic stem cells in engineered and fully humanized 3D niches. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2114227118. [PMID: 34580200 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114227118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human malignant hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) reside in bone marrow (BM) niches, which remain challenging to explore due to limited in vivo accessibility and constraints with humanized animal models. Several in vitro systems have been established to culture patient-derived HSPCs in specific microenvironments, but they do not fully recapitulate the complex features of native bone marrow. Our group previously reported that human osteoblastic BM niches (O-N), engineered by culturing mesenchymal stromal cells within three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds under perfusion flow in a bioreactor system, are capable of maintaining, expanding, and functionally regulating healthy human cord blood-derived HSPCs. Here, we first demonstrate that this 3D O-N can sustain malignant CD34+ cells from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myeloproliferative neoplasm patients for up to 3 wk. Human malignant cells distributed in the bioreactor system mimicking the spatial distribution found in native BM tissue, where most HSPCs remain linked to the niches and mature cells are released to the circulation. Using human adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction cells, we then generated a stromal-vascular niche and demonstrated that O-N and stromal-vascular niche differentially regulate leukemic UCSD-AML1 cell expansion, immunophenotype, and response to chemotherapy. The developed system offers a unique platform to investigate human leukemogenesis and response to drugs in customized environments, mimicking defined features of native hematopoietic niches and compatible with the establishment of personalized settings.
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30
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Visconti RJ, Kolaja K, Cottrell JA. A functional three-dimensional microphysiological human model of myeloma bone disease. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1914-1930. [PMID: 34173283 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human myeloma bone disease (MBD) occurs when malignant plasma cells migrate to the bone marrow and commence inimical interactions with stromal cells, disrupting the skeletal remodeling process. The myeloma cells simultaneously suppress osteoblastic bone formation while promoting excessive osteoclastic resorption. This bone metabolism imbalance produces osteolytic lesions that cause chronic bone pain and reduce trabecular and cortical bone structural integrity, and often culminate in pathological fractures. Few bone models exist that enable scientists to study MBD and the effect therapies have on restoring the bone metabolism imbalance. The purpose of this research was to develop a well characterized three-dimensional (3D) bone organoid that could be used to study MBD and current or potential treatment options. First, bone marrow stromal cell-derived osteoblasts (OBs) mineralized an endosteal-like extracellular matrix (ECM) over 21 days. Multiple analyses confirmed the generation of hydroxyapatite (HA)-rich bone-like tissue fragments that were abundant in alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and markers of osteoblastic gene expression. On day 22, bone marrow macrophage (BMM)-derived osteoclasts (OCs) were introduced to enhance the resorptive capability of the model and recapitulate the balanced homeostatic nature of skeletal remodeling. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAcP-5b), type I collagen C-telopeptide (CTX-1), and gene expression analysis confirmed OC activity in the normal 3D organoid (3D in vitro model of normal bonelike fragments [3D-NBF]). On day 30, a human multiple myeloma (MM)-derived plasmacytoma cell line was introduced to the 3D-NBF to generate the 3D-myeloma bone disease organoid (3D-MBD). After 12 days, the 3D-MBD had significantly reduced total HA, increased TRAcP-5b levels, increases levels of CTX-1, and decreased expression of osteoblastic genes. Therapeutic intervention with pharmaceutical agents including an immunomodulatory drug, a bisphosphonate, and monoclonal restored HA content and reduced free CTX-1 in a dose-dependent manner. This osteogenically functional model of MBD provides a novel tool to study biological mechanisms guiding the disease and to screen potential therapeutics. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Visconti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey, USA.,Investigative Toxicology, Nonclinical Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kyle Kolaja
- Investigative Toxicology, Nonclinical Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jessica A Cottrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey, USA
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31
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Alhallak K, Jeske A, de la Puente P, Sun J, Fiala M, Azab F, Muz B, Sahin I, Vij R, DiPersio JF, Azab AK. A pilot study of 3D tissue-engineered bone marrow culture as a tool to predict patient response to therapy in multiple myeloma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19343. [PMID: 34588522 PMCID: PMC8481555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients undergo detrimental toxicities and ineffective treatments especially in the relapsed setting, due to failed treatment attempts. The development of a tool that predicts the clinical response of individual patients to therapy is greatly desired. We have developed a novel patient-derived 3D tissue engineered bone marrow (3DTEBM) technology that closely recapitulate the pathophysiological conditions in the bone marrow and allows ex vivo proliferation of tumor cells of hematologic malignancies. In this study, we used the 3DTEBM to predict the clinical response of individual multiple myeloma (MM) patients to different therapeutic regimens. We found that while no correlation was observed between in vitro efficacy in classic 2D culture systems of drugs used for MM with their clinical efficacious concentration, the efficacious concentration in the 3DTEBM were directly correlated. Furthermore, the 3DTEBM model retrospectively predicted the clinical response to different treatment regimens in 89% of the MM patient cohort. These results demonstrated that the 3DTEBM is a feasible platform which can predict MM clinical responses with high accuracy and within a clinically actionable time frame. Utilization of this technology to predict drug efficacy and the likelihood of treatment failure could significantly improve patient care and treatment in many ways, particularly in the relapsed and refractory setting. Future studies are needed to validate the 3DTEBM model as a tool for predicting clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinan Alhallak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amanda Jeske
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Cellatrix LLC, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pilar de la Puente
- Cellatrix LLC, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jennifer Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark Fiala
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Ilyas Sahin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ravi Vij
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John F DiPersio
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Cellatrix LLC, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy of differentiated B cells that resides primarily in bone marrow niches. Its interaction with the microenvironment is known to provide a survival advantage and plays an important role in drug resistance. Despite the increased efficacy of new treatment drugs, clinical results oftentimes fall short of in vitro observations, and this disease remains incurable. Conventional 2-dimensional cultures used to perform chemosensitivity assays and the established multiple myeloma cells lines commonly used do not replicate the conditions seen in vivo. This review presents various 3-dimensional culture platforms for myeloma that attempt to overcome this obstacle by incorporating aspects of the tumor microenvironment. The unique features of each model and contributions they have provided in personalized medicine, tumor physiology, and chemosensitivity assays will be summarized.
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Rebuilding the hematopoietic stem cell niche: Recent developments and future prospects. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:129-148. [PMID: 33813090 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have proven their clinical relevance in stem cell transplantation to cure patients with hematological disorders. Key to their regenerative potential is their natural microenvironment - their niche - in the bone marrow (BM). Developments in the field of biomaterials enable the recreation of such environments with increasing preciseness in the laboratory. Such artificial niches help to gain a fundamental understanding of the biophysical and biochemical processes underlying the interaction of HSCs with the materials in their environment and the disturbance of this interplay during diseases affecting the BM. Artificial niches also have the potential to multiply HSCs in vitro, to enable the targeted differentiation of HSCs into mature blood cells or to serve as drug-testing platforms. In this review, we will introduce the importance of artificial niches followed by the biology and biophysics of the natural archetype. We will outline how 2D biomaterials can be used to dissect the complexity of the natural niche into individual parameters for fundamental research and how 3D systems evolved from them. We will present commonly used biomaterials for HSC research and their applications. Finally, we will highlight two areas in the field of HSC research, which just started to unlock the possibilities provided by novel biomaterials, in vitro blood production and studying the pathophysiology of the niche in vitro. With these contents, the review aims to give a broad overview of the different biomaterials applied for HSC research and to discuss their potentials, challenges and future directions in the field. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent cells responsible for maintaining the turnover of all blood cells. They are routinely applied to treat patients with hematological diseases. This high clinical relevance explains the necessity of multiplication or differentiation of HSCs in the laboratory, which is hampered by the missing natural microenvironment - the so called niche. Biomaterials offer the possibility to mimic the niche and thus overcome this hurdle. The review introduces the HSC niche in the bone marrow and discusses the utility of biomaterials in creating artificial niches. It outlines how 2D systems evolved into sophisticated 3D platforms, which opened the gateway to applications such as, expansion of clinically relevant HSCs, in vitro blood production, studying niche pathologies and drug testing.
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Sun J, Chen Y, Lubben B, Adebayo O, Muz B, Azab AK. CD47-targeting antibodies as a novel therapeutic strategy in hematologic malignancies. Leuk Res Rep 2021; 16:100268. [PMID: 34584838 PMCID: PMC8455363 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD47 is a surface glycoprotein expressed by host cells to impede phagocytosis upon binding to macrophage SIRPα, thereby represents an immune checkpoint known as the "don't-eat-me" signal. However, accumulating evidence shows that solid and hematologic tumor cells overexpress CD47 to escape immune surveillance. Thus, targeting the CD47-SIRPa axis by limiting the activity of this checkpoint has emerged as a key area of research. In this review, we will provide an update on the landscape of CD47-targeting antibodies for hematological malignancies, including monoclonal and bi-specific antibodies, with a special emphasis on agents in clinical trials and novel approaches to overcome toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis McKelvy School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Berit Lubben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Ola Adebayo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis McKelvy School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO, USA
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35
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Alhallak K, Sun J, Muz B, Jeske A, Yavner J, Bash H, Park C, Lubben B, Adebayo O, Achilefu S, DiPersio JF, Azab AK. Nanoparticle T cell engagers for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1878-1885. [PMID: 34548905 PMCID: PMC8448516 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of leukemia and has a 5-year survival rate of 25%. The standard-of-care for AML has not changed in the past few decades. Promising immunotherapy options are being developed for the treatment of AML; yet, these regimens require highly laborious and sophisticated techniques. We create nanoTCEs using liposomes conjugated to monoclonal antibodies to enable specific binding. We also recreate the bone marrow niche using our 3D culture system and use immunocompromised mice to enable use of human AML and T cells with nanoTCEs. We show that CD33 is ubiquitously present on AML cells. The CD33 nanoTCEs bind preferentially to AML cells compared to Isotype. We show that nanoTCEs effectively activate T cells and induce AML killing in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that our nanoTCE technology is a novel and promising immuno-therapy for the treatment of AML and provides a basis for supplemental investigations for the validation of using nanoTCEs in larger animals and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinan Alhallak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jennifer Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amanda Jeske
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jessica Yavner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hannah Bash
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chaelee Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Berit Lubben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ola Adebayo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.,Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John F DiPersio
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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36
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Franchi-Mendes T, Eduardo R, Domenici G, Brito C. 3D Cancer Models: Depicting Cellular Crosstalk within the Tumour Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4610. [PMID: 34572836 PMCID: PMC8468887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment plays a critical role in tumour progression and drug resistance processes. Non-malignant cell players, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells and others, interact with each other and with the tumour cells, shaping the disease. Though the role of each cell type and cell communication mechanisms have been progressively studied, the complexity of this cellular network and its role in disease mechanism and therapeutic response are still being unveiled. Animal models have been mainly used, as they can represent systemic interactions and conditions, though they face recognized limitations in translational potential due to interspecies differences. In vitro 3D cancer models can surpass these limitations, by incorporating human cells, including patient-derived ones, and allowing a range of experimental designs with precise control of each tumour microenvironment element. We summarize the role of each tumour microenvironment component and review studies proposing 3D co-culture strategies of tumour cells and non-malignant cell components. Moreover, we discuss the potential of these modelling approaches to uncover potential therapeutic targets in the tumour microenvironment and assess therapeutic efficacy, current bottlenecks and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Franchi-Mendes
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Eduardo
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Giacomo Domenici
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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37
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Hot or cold: Bioengineering immune contextures into in vitro patient-derived tumor models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113791. [PMID: 33965462 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have proven to be tremendously effective for a subset of cancer patients. However, it is difficult to predict the response of individual patients and efforts are now directed at understanding the mechanisms of ICI resistance. Current models of patient tumors poorly recapitulate the immune contexture, which describe immune parameters that are associated with patient survival. In this Review, we discuss parameters that influence the induction of different immune contextures found within tumors and how engineering strategies may be leveraged to recapitulate these contextures to develop the next generation of immune-competent patient-derived in vitro models.
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38
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Imitating Hypoxia and Tumor Microenvironment with Immune Evasion by Employing Three Dimensional in vitro Cellular Models: Impressive Tool in Drug Discovery. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:80-91. [PMID: 34323197 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210728115605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous tumor microenvironment is exceptionally perplexing and not wholly comprehended. Different multifaceted alignments lead to the generation of oxygen destitute situations within the tumor niche that modulate numerous intrinsic tumor microenvironments. Disentangling these communications is vital for scheming practical therapeutic approaches that can successfully decrease tumor allied chemotherapy resistance by utilizing the innate capability of the immune system. Several research groups have concerned with a protruding role for oxygen metabolism along with hypoxia in the immunity of healthy tissue. Hypoxia in addition to hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in the tumor microenvironment plays an important part in tumor progression and endurance. Although numerous hypoxia-focused therapies have shown promising outcomes both in vitro and in vivo these outcomes have not effectively translated into clinical preliminaries. Distinctive cell culture techniques have utilized as an in vitro model for tumor niche along with tumor microenvironment and proficient in more precisely recreating tumor genomic profiles as well as envisaging therapeutic response. To study the dynamics of tumor immune evasion, three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures are more physiologically important to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Recent research has revealed new information and insights into our fundamental understanding of immune systems, as well as novel results that have been established as potential therapeutic targets. There are a lot of patented 3D cell culture techniques which will be highlighted in this review. At present notable 3D cell culture procedures in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, discourse open doors to accommodate both drug repurposing, advancement, and divulgence of new medications and will deliberate the 3D cell culture methods into standard prescription disclosure especially in the field of cancer biology which will be discussing here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumar Ray
- Department of Applied Sciences. Indira Gandhi Technological and Medical Sciences University, Ziro, Arunachal Pradesh-791120, India
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry. All India Institute of Medical Sciences. Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020, India
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39
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Tavakol DN, Fleischer S, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Harnessing organs-on-a-chip to model tissue regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:993-1015. [PMID: 34087161 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has markedly matured since its early beginnings in the 1980s. In addition to the original goal to regenerate damaged organs, the field has started to explore modeling of human physiology "in a dish." Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies now enable studies of organ regeneration and disease modeling in a patient-specific context. We discuss the potential of "organ-on-a-chip" systems to study regenerative therapies with focus on three distinct organ systems: cardiac, respiratory, and hematopoietic. We propose that the combinatorial studies of human tissues at these two scales would help realize the translational potential of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon Fleischer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY.
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40
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Three-Dimensional Reconstructed Bone Marrow Matrix Culture Improves the Viability of Primary Myeloma Cells In-Vitro via a STAT3-Dependent Mechanism. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:313-323. [PMID: 34201211 PMCID: PMC8928965 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary myeloma (PM) cells are short-lived in conventional culture, which limited their usefulness as a study model. Here, we evaluated if three-dimensional (3D) culture can significantly prolong the longevity of PM cells in-vitro. We employed a previously established 3D model for culture of bone marrow mononuclear cells isolated from 15 patients. We assessed the proportion of PM cells, viability and proliferation using CD38 staining, trypan blue exclusion assays and carboxy fluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) staining, respectively. We observed significantly more CD38+ viable cells in 3D than in conventional culture (65% vs. 25%, p = 0.006) on day 3. CFSE staining showed no significant difference in cell proliferation between the two culture systems. Moreover, we found that PM cells in 3D culture are more STAT3 active by measure of pSTAT3 staining (66% vs. 10%, p = 0.008). Treatment of IL6, a STAT3 activator significantly increased CD38+ cell viability (41% to 68%, p = 0.021). In comparison, inhibition of STAT3 with Stattic significantly decreased PM cell viability in 3D culture (38% to 17% p = 0.010). Neither IL6 nor Stattic affected the PM cell viability in conventional culture. This study suggests that 3D culture can significantly improve the longevity of PM cells in-vitro, and STAT3 activation can further improve their viability.
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41
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Maiso P, Mogollón P, Ocio EM, Garayoa M. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Multiple Myeloma: Their Role as Active Contributors to Myeloma Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2542. [PMID: 34067236 PMCID: PMC8196907 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy of plasma cells that proliferate and accumulate within the bone marrow (BM). Work from many groups has made evident that the complex microenvironment of the BM plays a crucial role in myeloma progression and response to therapeutic agents. Within the cellular components of the BM, we will specifically focus on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are known to interact with myeloma cells and the other components of the BM through cell to cell, soluble factors and, as more recently evidenced, through extracellular vesicles. Multiple structural and functional abnormalities have been found when characterizing MSCs derived from myeloma patients (MM-MSCs) and comparing them to those from healthy donors (HD-MSCs). Other studies have identified differences in genomic, mRNA, microRNA, histone modification, and DNA methylation profiles. We discuss these distinctive features shaping MM-MSCs and propose a model for the transition from HD-MSCs to MM-MSCs as a consequence of the interaction with myeloma cells. Finally, we review the contribution of MM-MSCs to several aspects of myeloma pathology, specifically to myeloma growth and survival, drug resistance, dissemination and homing, myeloma bone disease, and the induction of a pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Maiso
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Pedro Mogollón
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC-USAL), University Hospital of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (P.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Enrique M. Ocio
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Mercedes Garayoa
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC-USAL), University Hospital of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (P.M.); (M.G.)
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42
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Alhallak K, de la Puente P, Jeske A, Sun J, Muz B, Rettig MP, Sahin I, Weisberg EL, Griffin JD, Reagan JL, DiPersio JF, Azab AK. 3D tissue engineered plasma cultures support leukemic proliferation and induces drug resistance. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:2457-2465. [PMID: 33993837 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1919657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are hematological malignancies that remain incurable despite novel treatments. In order to improve current treatments and clinical efficacy, there remains a need for more complex in vitro models that mimic the intricate human leukemic microenvironment. This study aimed to use 3D tissue engineered plasma cultures (3DTEPC) derived from CML, AML and CLL patients to promote proliferation of leukemic cells for use as a drug screening tool for treatment. 3DTEPC supported the growth of primary CML, AML and CLL cells and also induced significantly more drug resistance in CML, AML and CLL cell lines compared to 2D. The 3DTEPC created a more physiologically relevant environment for leukemia cell proliferation, provided a reliable model for growing leukemia patient samples, and serves as a relevant tool for drug screening and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinan Alhallak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pilar de la Puente
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amanda Jeske
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael P Rettig
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ilyas Sahin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ellen L Weisberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James D Griffin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John L Reagan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John F DiPersio
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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43
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Measurement of ex vivo resistance to proteasome inhibitors, IMiDs, and daratumumab during multiple myeloma progression. Blood Adv 2021; 4:1628-1639. [PMID: 32311014 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic drivers and progression factors in multiple myeloma (MM) are heterogeneous and difficult to target therapeutically. Many different MM drugs have emerged, however, that attack various phenotypic aspects of malignant plasma cells. These drugs are administered in numerous, seemingly interchangeable combinations. Although the availability of many treatment options is useful, no clinical test capable of optimizing and sequencing the treatment regimens for an individual patient is currently available. To overcome this problem, we developed a functional ex vivo approach to measure patients' inherent and acquired drug resistance. This method, which we termed myeloma drug sensitivity testing (My-DST), uses unselected bone marrow mononuclear cells with a panel of drugs in clinical use, followed by flow cytometry to measure myeloma-specific cytotoxicity. We found that using whole bone marrow cultures helped preserve primary MM cell viability. My-DST was used to profile 55 primary samples at diagnosis or at relapse. Sensitivity or resistance to each drug was determined from the change in MM viability relative to untreated control samples. My-DST identified progressive loss of sensitivity to immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, and daratumumab through the disease course, mirroring the clinical development of resistance. Prospectively, patients' ex vivo drug sensitivity to the drugs subsequently received was sensitive and specific for clinical response. In addition, treatment with <2 drugs identified as sensitive by My-DST led to inferior depth and duration of clinical response. In summary, ex vivo drug sensitivity is prognostically impactful and, with further validation, may facilitate more personalized and effective therapeutic regimens.
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44
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Bessy T, Itkin T, Passaro D. Bioengineering the Bone Marrow Vascular Niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:645496. [PMID: 33996805 PMCID: PMC8113773 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.645496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) tissue is the main physiological site for adult hematopoiesis. In recent years, the cellular and matrix components composing the BM have been defined with unprecedent resolution, both at the molecular and structural levels. With the expansion of this knowledge, the possibility of reproducing a BM-like structure, to ectopically support and study hematopoiesis, becomes a reality. A number of experimental systems have been implemented and have displayed the feasibility of bioengineering BM tissues, supported by cells of mesenchymal origin. Despite being known as an abundant component of the BM, the vasculature has been largely disregarded for its role in regulating tissue formation, organization and determination. Recent reports have highlighted the crucial role for vascular endothelial cells in shaping tissue development and supporting steady state, emergency and malignant hematopoiesis, both pre- and postnatally. Herein, we review the field of BM-tissue bioengineering with a particular focus on vascular system implementation and integration, starting from describing a variety of applicable in vitro models, ending up with in vivo preclinical models. Additionally, we highlight the challenges of the field and discuss the clinical perspectives in terms of adoptive transfer of vascularized BM-niche grafts in patients to support recovering hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bessy
- Leukemia and Niche Dynamics Laboratory, Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Tomer Itkin
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Diana Passaro
- Leukemia and Niche Dynamics Laboratory, Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
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Coffey DG, Cowan AJ, DeGraaff B, Martins TJ, Curley N, Green DJ, Libby EN, Silbermann R, Chien S, Dai J, Morales A, Gooley TA, Warren EH, Becker PS. High-Throughput Drug Screening and Multi-Omic Analysis to Guide Individualized Treatment for Multiple Myeloma. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.20.00442. [PMID: 34250400 PMCID: PMC8232547 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically heterogeneous malignancy characterized by variable treatment responses. Although numerous drugs have been approved in recent years, the ability to predict treatment response and tailor individual therapy is limited by the absence of robust predictive biomarkers. The goal of this clinical trial was to use ex vivo, high-throughput screening (HTS) of 170 compounds to predict response among patients with relapsed or refractory MM and inform the next treatment decisions. Additionally, we integrated HTS with multi-omic analysis to uncover novel associations between in vitro drug sensitivity and gene expression and mutation profiles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five patients with relapsed or refractory MM underwent a screening bone marrow or soft tissue biopsy. Sixteen patients were found to have sufficient plasma cells for HTS. Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed on plasma cell-free DNA from all patients who underwent HTS. RNA and whole-exome sequencing of bone marrow plasma cells were performed on eight and seven patients, respectively. RESULTS Results of HTS testing were made available to treating physicians within a median of 5 days from the biopsy. An actionable treatment result was identified in all 16 patients examined. Among the 13 patients who received assay-guided therapy, 92% achieved stable disease or better. The expression of 105 genes and mutations in 12 genes correlated with in vitro cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION In patients with relapsed or refractory MM, we demonstrate the feasibility of ex vivo drug sensitivity testing on isolated plasma cells from patient bone marrow biopsies or extramedullary plasmacytomas to inform the next line of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Coffey
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrew J. Cowan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Bret DeGraaff
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Timothy J. Martins
- Quellos High Throughput Screening Core, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Niall Curley
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Damian J. Green
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Edward N. Libby
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Rebecca Silbermann
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Sylvia Chien
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Alicia Morales
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Ted A. Gooley
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Edus H. Warren
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Pamela S. Becker
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA
- Quellos High Throughput Screening Core, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
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Ardila DC, Aggarwal V, Singh M, Chattopadhyay A, Chaparala S, Sant S. Identifying Molecular Signatures of Distinct Modes of Collective Migration in Response to the Microenvironment Using Three-Dimensional Breast Cancer Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061429. [PMID: 33804802 PMCID: PMC8004051 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The objective of this study was to investigate the role of two microenvironmental factors, namely, tumor-intrinsic hypoxia and secretome in inducing collective migration. We utilized three-dimensional (3D) discrete-sized microtumor models, which recapitulate hallmarks of transition of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Tumor-intrinsic hypoxia induced directional migration in large hypoxic microtumors while secretome from large microtumors induced radial migration in non-hypoxic microtumors. This highlights the emergence phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity in cancer cells in response to different microenvironmental stimuli. To unravel mechanisms underlying these two distinct modes of migration, we performed differential gene expression analysis of hypoxia- and secretome-induced migratory phenotypes using non-migratory, non-hypoxic microtumors as controls. We proposed unique gene signature sets related to tumor-intrinsic hypoxia, hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as hypoxia-induced directional migration and secretome-induced radial migration. Abstract Collective cell migration is a key feature of transition of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) among many other cancers, yet the microenvironmental factors and underlying mechanisms that trigger collective migration remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated two microenvironmental factors, tumor-intrinsic hypoxia and tumor-secreted factors (secretome), as triggers of collective migration using three-dimensional (3D) discrete-sized microtumor models that recapitulate hallmarks of DCIS-IDC transition. Interestingly, the two factors induced two distinct modes of collective migration: directional and radial migration in the 3D microtumors generated from the same breast cancer cell line model, T47D. Without external stimulus, large (600 µm) T47D microtumors exhibited tumor-intrinsic hypoxia and directional migration, while small (150 µm), non-hypoxic microtumors exhibited radial migration only when exposed to the secretome of large microtumors. To investigate the mechanisms underlying hypoxia- and secretome-induced directional vs. radial migration modes, we performed differential gene expression analysis of hypoxia- and secretome-induced migratory microtumors compared with non-hypoxic, non-migratory small microtumors as controls. We propose unique gene signature sets related to tumor-intrinsic hypoxia, hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as hypoxia-induced directional migration and secretome-induced radial migration. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed enrichment and potential interaction between hypoxia, EMT, and migration gene signatures for the hypoxia-induced directional migration. In contrast, hypoxia and EMT were not enriched in the secretome-induced radial migration, suggesting that complete EMT may not be required for radial migration. Survival analysis identified unique genes associated with low survival rate and poor prognosis in TCGA-breast invasive carcinoma dataset from our tumor-intrinsic hypoxia gene signature (CXCR4, FOXO3, LDH, NDRG1), hypoxia-induced EMT gene signature (EFEMP2, MGP), and directional migration gene signature (MAP3K3, PI3K3R3). NOS3 was common between hypoxia and migration gene signature. Survival analysis from secretome-induced radial migration identified ATM, KCNMA1 (hypoxia gene signature), and KLF4, IFITM1, EFNA1, TGFBR1 (migration gene signature) to be associated with poor survival rate. In conclusion, our unique 3D cultures with controlled microenvironments respond to different microenvironmental factors, tumor-intrinsic hypoxia, and secretome by adopting distinct collective migration modes and their gene expression analysis highlights the phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity of epithelial cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Catalina Ardila
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (D.C.A.); (V.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (D.C.A.); (V.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Manjulata Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (D.C.A.); (V.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Ansuman Chattopadhyay
- Health Sciences Library System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; (A.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Srilakshmi Chaparala
- Health Sciences Library System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; (A.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Shilpa Sant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (D.C.A.); (V.A.); (M.S.)
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-412-6489804
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Graney PL, Tavakol DN, Chramiec A, Ronaldson-Bouchard K, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Engineered models of tumor metastasis with immune cell contributions. iScience 2021; 24:102179. [PMID: 33718831 PMCID: PMC7921600 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancer deaths are due to tumor metastasis rather than the primary tumor. Metastasis is a highly complex and dynamic process that requires orchestration of signaling between the tumor, its local environment, distant tissue sites, and immune system. Animal models of cancer metastasis provide the necessary systemic environment but lack control over factors that regulate cancer progression and often do not recapitulate the properties of human cancers. Bioengineered "organs-on-a-chip" that incorporate the primary tumor, metastatic tissue targets, and microfluidic perfusion are now emerging as quantitative human models of tumor metastasis. The ability of these systems to model tumor metastasis in individualized, patient-specific settings makes them uniquely suitable for studies of cancer biology and developmental testing of new treatments. In this review, we focus on human multi-organ platforms that incorporate circulating and tissue-resident immune cells in studies of tumor metastasis.
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Moore CA, Siddiqui Z, Carney GJ, Naaldijk Y, Guiro K, Ferrer AI, Sherman LS, Guvendiren M, Kumar VA, Rameshwar P. A 3D Bioprinted Material That Recapitulates the Perivascular Bone Marrow Structure for Sustained Hematopoietic and Cancer Models. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:480. [PMID: 33546275 PMCID: PMC7913313 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational medicine requires facile experimental systems to replicate the dynamic biological systems of diseases. Drug approval continues to lag, partly due to incongruencies in the research pipeline that traditionally involve 2D models, which could be improved with 3D models. The bone marrow (BM) poses challenges to harvest as an intact organ, making it difficult to study disease processes such as breast cancer (BC) survival in BM, and to effective evaluation of drug response in BM. Furthermore, it is a challenge to develop 3D BM structures due to its weak physical properties, and complex hierarchical structure and cellular landscape. To address this, we leveraged 3D bioprinting to create a BM structure with varied methylcellulose (M): alginate (A) ratios. We selected hydrogels containing 4% (w/v) M and 2% (w/v) A, which recapitulates rheological and ultrastructural features of the BM while maintaining stability in culture. This hydrogel sustained the culture of two key primary BM microenvironmental cells found at the perivascular region, mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells. More importantly, the scaffold showed evidence of cell autonomous dedifferentiation of BC cells to cancer stem cell properties. This scaffold could be the platform to create BM models for various diseases and also for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn A. Moore
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (C.A.M.); (G.J.C.); (Y.N.); (K.G.); (A.I.F.); (L.S.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Zain Siddiqui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (Z.S.); (M.G.); (V.A.K.)
| | - Griffin J. Carney
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (C.A.M.); (G.J.C.); (Y.N.); (K.G.); (A.I.F.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Yahaira Naaldijk
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (C.A.M.); (G.J.C.); (Y.N.); (K.G.); (A.I.F.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Khadidiatou Guiro
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (C.A.M.); (G.J.C.); (Y.N.); (K.G.); (A.I.F.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Alejandra I. Ferrer
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (C.A.M.); (G.J.C.); (Y.N.); (K.G.); (A.I.F.); (L.S.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Lauren S. Sherman
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (C.A.M.); (G.J.C.); (Y.N.); (K.G.); (A.I.F.); (L.S.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Murat Guvendiren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (Z.S.); (M.G.); (V.A.K.)
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Vivek A. Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (Z.S.); (M.G.); (V.A.K.)
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, 110 Bergen St, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (C.A.M.); (G.J.C.); (Y.N.); (K.G.); (A.I.F.); (L.S.S.)
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Nanoparticle T-cell engagers as a modular platform for cancer immunotherapy. Leukemia 2021; 35:2346-2357. [PMID: 33479469 PMCID: PMC8292428 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
T-cell-based immunotherapy, such as CAR-T cells and bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), has shown promising clinical outcomes in many cancers; however, these therapies have significant limitations, such as poor pharmacokinetics and the ability to target only one antigen on the cancer cells. In multiclonal diseases, these therapies confer the development of antigen-less clones, causing tumor escape and relapse. In this study, we developed nanoparticle-based bispecific T-cell engagers (nanoBiTEs), which are liposomes decorated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting T cells, and mAbs targeting the cancer antigen. We also developed a nanoparticle that targets multiple cancer antigens by conjugating multiple mAbs against multiple cancer antigens for T-cell engagement (nanoMuTEs). NanoBiTEs and nanoMuTEs have a long half-life of about 60 h, which enables once-a-week administration instead of continuous infusion, while maintaining efficacy in vitro and in vivo. NanoMuTEs targeting multiple cancer antigens showed greater efficacy in myeloma cells in vitro and in vivo, compared to nanoBiTEs targeting only one cancer antigen. Unlike nanoBiTEs, treatment with nanoMuTEs did not cause downregulation (or loss) of a single antigen, and prevented the development of antigen-less tumor escape. Our nanoparticle-based immuno-engaging technology provides a solution for the major limitations of current immunotherapy technologies.
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Scielzo C, Ghia P. Modeling the Leukemia Microenviroment In Vitro. Front Oncol 2020; 10:607608. [PMID: 33392097 PMCID: PMC7773937 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.607608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the active role of the microenvironment in the pathogenesis, development and drug resistance of B cell malignancies has been clearly established. It is known that the tissue microenvironment promotes proliferation and drug resistance of leukemic cells suggesting that successful treatments of B cell malignancies must target the leukemic cells within these compartments. However, the cross-talk occurring between cancer cells and the tissue microenvironment still needs to be fully elucidated. In solid tumors, this lack of knowledge has led to the development of new and more complex in vitro models able to successfully mimic the in vivo settings, while only a few simplified models are available for haematological cancers, commonly relying only on the co-culture with stabilized stromal cells and/or the addition of limited cocktails of cytokines. Here, we will review the known cellular and molecular interactions occurring between monoclonal B lymphocytes and their tissue microenvironment and the current literature describing innovative in vitro models developed in particular to study chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We will also elaborate on the possibility to further improve such systems based on the current knowledge of the key molecules/signals present in the microenvironment. In particular, we think that future models should be developed as 3D culture systems with a higher level of cellular and molecular complexity, to replicate microenvironmental-induced signaling. We believe that innovative 3D-models may therefore improve the knowledge on pathogenic mechanisms leading to the dissemination and homing of leukemia cells and consequently the identification of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Scielzo
- Unit of Malignant B Cell Biology and 3D Modeling, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Unit of B Cell Neoplasia, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.,Strategic Research Program on CLL, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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