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Roman G, Stavik B, Lauritzen KH, Sandset PM, Harrison SP, Sullivan GJ, Chollet ME. "iPSC-derived liver organoids and inherited bleeding disorders: Potential and future perspectives". Front Physiol 2023; 14:1094249. [PMID: 36711019 PMCID: PMC9880334 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1094249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The bleeding phenotype of hereditary coagulation disorders is caused by the low or undetectable activity of the proteins involved in hemostasis, due to a broad spectrum of genetic alterations. Most of the affected coagulation factors are produced in the liver. Therefore, two-dimensional (2D) cultures of primary human hepatocytes and recombinant overexpression of the factors in non-human cell lines have been primarily used to mimic disease pathogenesis and as a model for innovative therapeutic strategies. However, neither human nor animal cells fully represent the hepatocellular biology and do not harbor the exact genetic background of the patient. As a result, the inability of the current in vitro models in recapitulating the in vivo situation has limited the studies of these inherited coagulation disorders. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) technology offers a possible solution to overcome these limitations by reprogramming patient somatic cells into an embryonic-like pluripotent state, thus giving the possibility of generating an unlimited number of liver cells needed for modeling or therapeutic purposes. By combining this potential and the recent advances in the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology, it allows for the generation of autologous and gene corrected liver cells in the form of three-dimensional (3D) liver organoids. The organoids recapitulate cellular composition and organization of the liver, providing a more physiological model to study the biology of coagulation proteins and modeling hereditary coagulation disorders. This advanced methodology can pave the way for the development of cell-based therapeutic approaches to treat inherited coagulation disorders. In this review we will explore the use of liver organoids as a state-of-the-art methodology for modeling coagulation factors disorders and the possibilities of using organoid technology to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Roman
- Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,*Correspondence: Giacomo Roman, ; Maria E. Chollet,
| | - Benedicte Stavik
- Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut H. Lauritzen
- Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Morten Sandset
- Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sean P. Harrison
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gareth J. Sullivan
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Eugenia Chollet
- Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,*Correspondence: Giacomo Roman, ; Maria E. Chollet,
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Zhang G, Zhao X, Cai J, Li S, Li X, Li W, Shi P, Liu D, Zheng D, Zhang T, Feng R, Liu H. XCHT alleviates the pancreatic fibrosis via VDR/NLRP3 signaling pathway in a mouse model of CP. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115689. [PMID: 36096349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiao Chai Hu Tang (XCHT) derived from the classic medical book Shang Han Lun (Treatise on Febrile Diseases) in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which has been widely used in China and other Asian countries for the treatment of inflammation and fibrosis of chronic pancreatitis (CP), but the therapeutic mechanism of XCHT in pancreatic fibrosis remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the intervention effects and explore pharmacological mechanism of XCHT on inflammation and fibrosis in cerulein-induced CP model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five main groups, 10 animals in each: Control, CP model (50 μg/kg cerulein), high dose XCHT-treated CP group (60 g/kg XCHT), medium dose XCHT-treated CP group (30 g/kg XCHT) and low dose XCHT-treated CP group (15 g/kg XCHT). Different doses of XCHT were given to mice by gavage twice a day for 2 weeks after the CP model induction. Pancreatic tissues were harvested and the pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis were evaluated by histological score, Sirius red staining, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) immunohistochemical staining. ELISA, IHC and RT-qPCR were performed to detect the expression of Vitamin D3 (VD3) and Vitamin D receptor (VDR) in serum and pancreatic tissues, respectively. The expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome related genes and molecules were assayed by WB, IHC and RT-qPCR. RESULTS The pathohistological results demonstrated that XCHT markedly inhibited the fibrosis and chronic inflammation of cerulein-induced CP, indicated by reduction of collagen I, collagen III, α-SMA, and NLRP3 expressions. XCHT significantly increased VD3 and VDR expression while reduced the pancreatic NLRP3 expression. Correspondingly, XCHT decreased the levels of NLRP3 downstream targets IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed that XCHT suppressed the pancreatic fibrosis and chronic inflammation in cerulein-induced CP model by enhancing the VD3/VDR expression and inhibiting the secretion of NLRP3-assoicated inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixian Zhang
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Duolun Rd, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiumei Zhao
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Duolun Rd, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Duolun Rd, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Sainan Li
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xijing Li
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Duolun Rd, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Wenchang Li
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Duolun Rd, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Pengcheng Shi
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Duolun Rd, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Duolun Rd, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Duo Zheng
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Duolun Rd, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Duolun Rd, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Renrui Feng
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Duolun Rd, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Duolun Rd, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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3
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McDuffie D, Barr D, Agarwal A, Thomas E. Physiologically relevant microsystems to study viral infection in the human liver. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:999366. [PMID: 36246284 PMCID: PMC9555087 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.999366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is a leading cause of liver disease and mortality. Infection can occur acutely or chronically, but the mechanisms that govern the clearance of virus or lack thereof are poorly understood and merit further investigation. Though cures for viral hepatitis have been developed, they are expensive, not readily accessible in vulnerable populations and some patients may remain at an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) even after viral clearance. To sustain infection in vitro, hepatocytes must be fully mature and remain in a differentiated state. However, primary hepatocytes rapidly dedifferentiate in conventional 2D in vitro platforms. Physiologically relevant or physiomimetic microsystems, are increasingly popular alternatives to traditional two-dimensional (2D) monocultures for in vitro studies. Physiomimetic systems reconstruct and incorporate elements of the native cellular microenvironment to improve biologic functionality in vitro. Multiple elements contribute to these models including ancillary tissue architecture, cell co-cultures, matrix proteins, chemical gradients and mechanical forces that contribute to increased viability, longevity and physiologic function for the tissue of interest. These microsystems are used in a wide variety of applications to study biological phenomena. Here, we explore the use of physiomimetic microsystems as tools for studying viral hepatitis infection in the liver and how the design of these platforms is tailored for enhanced investigation of the viral lifecycle when compared to conventional 2D cell culture models. Although liver-based physiomimetic microsystems are typically applied in the context of drug studies, the platforms developed for drug discovery purposes offer a solid foundation to support studies on viral hepatitis. Physiomimetic platforms may help prolong hepatocyte functionality in order to sustain chronic viral hepatitis infection in vitro for studying virus-host interactions for prolonged periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis McDuffie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - David Barr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Ashutosh Agarwal,
| | - Emmanuel Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Schiff Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Emmanuel Thomas,
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Kong W, Liu Z, Sun M, Liu H, Kong C, Ma J, Wang R, Qian F. Synergistic autophagy blockade and VDR signaling activation enhance stellate cell reprogramming in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2022; 539:215718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Bulin AL, Hasan T. Spatiotemporal Tracking of Different Cell Populations in Cancer Organoid Models for Investigations on Photodynamic Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:81-90. [PMID: 35505012 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models of tumors are gaining interest as versatile platforms for treatment screening. In this context, heterocellular cultures in which various cell types are co-cultured are being explored to investigate whether partner cells can influence the treatment efficacies. However, when the cells are co-cultured, it is challenging to distinguish them and it becomes impossible to identify whether the treatment affects each cell line in a similar way or if there is a certain selectivity. Here, we propose a protocol in which different cell types are pre-labeled with fluorescent reporters prior to 3D culture initiation. Subsequently, the internal architecture of the 3D cancer models can be longitudinally monitored for model characterization, and to potentially detect architectural and treatment selectivity in response to therapy. This protocol employs quantum dots as non-photobleaching dyes and two-photon excited microscopy as a widely accessible imaging modality. In combination with an appropriate image analysis workflow, this protocol will help to investigate the architectural development of heterotypic microtumor/spheroid/organoid models and possibly identify treatment efficacies on individual cell populations represented within the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Bulin
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM UA07, Synchrotron Radiation for Biomedicine, Grenoble, France
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Kuo CT, Lai YS, Lu SR, Lee H, Chang HH. Microcrater-Arrayed Chemiluminescence Cell Chip to Boost Anti-Cancer Drug Administration in Zebrafish Tumor Xenograft Model. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:4. [PMID: 35053002 PMCID: PMC8773422 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to develop a rapid and automatic drug screening platform using microcrater-arrayed (µCA) cell chips. METHODS The µCA chip was fabricated using a laser direct writing technique. The fabrication time required for one 9 × 9 microarray wax chip was as quick as 1 min. On a nanodroplet handling platform, the chip was pre-coated with anti-cancer drugs, including cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, doxorubicin, oncovin, etoposide, and 5-fluorouracil, and their associated mixtures. Cell droplets containing 100 SK-N-DZ or MCF-7 cells were then loaded onto the chip. Cell viability was examined directly through a chemiluminescence assay on the chip using the CellTiter-Glo assay. RESULTS The time needed for the drug screening assay was demonstrated to be less than 30 s for a total of 81 tests. The prediction of optimal drug synergy from the µCA chip was found by matching it to that of the zebrafish MCF-7 tumor xenograft model, instead of the conventional 96-well plate assay. In addition, the critical reagent volume and cell number for each µCA chip test were 200 nL and 100 cells, respectively, which were significantly lower than 100 µL and 4000 cells, which were achieved using the 96-well assay. CONCLUSION Our study for the µCA chip platform could improve the high-throughput drug synergy screening targeting the applications of tumor cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Te Kuo
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lai
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (S.-R.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Siang-Rong Lu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (S.-R.L.); (H.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsinyu Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (S.-R.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Hsiu-Hao Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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7
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Zhao Q, Cole T, Zhang Y, Tang SY. Mechanical Strain-Enabled Reconstitution of Dynamic Environment in Organ-on-a-Chip Platforms: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:765. [PMID: 34203533 PMCID: PMC8304354 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) uses the microfluidic 3D cell culture principle to reproduce organ- or tissue-level functionality at a small scale instead of replicating the entire human organ. This provides an alternative to animal models for drug development and environmental toxicology screening. In addition to the biomimetic 3D microarchitecture and cell-cell interactions, it has been demonstrated that mechanical stimuli such as shear stress and mechanical strain significantly influence cell behavior and their response to pharmaceuticals. Microfluidics is capable of precisely manipulating the fluid of a microenvironment within a 3D cell culture platform. As a result, many OOC prototypes leverage microfluidic technology to reproduce the mechanically dynamic microenvironment on-chip and achieve enhanced in vitro functional organ models. Unlike shear stress that can be readily generated and precisely controlled using commercial pumping systems, dynamic systems for generating proper levels of mechanical strains are more complicated, and often require miniaturization and specialized designs. As such, this review proposes to summarize innovative microfluidic OOC platforms utilizing mechanical actuators that induce deflection of cultured cells/tissues for replicating the dynamic microenvironment of human organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianbin Zhao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Tim Cole
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (T.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (T.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (T.C.); (Y.Z.)
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8
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Micalet A, Moeendarbary E, Cheema U. 3D In Vitro Models for Investigating the Role of Stiffness in Cancer Invasion. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021. [PMID: 34081437 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumorigenesis is attributed to the interactions of cancer cells with the tumor microenvironment through both biochemical cues and physical stimuli. Increased matrix deposition and realignment of the collagen fibers are detected by cancer cells, inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which in turn stimulates cell motility and invasiveness. METHODS This review provides an overview of current research on the role of the physical microenvironment in cancer invasion. This was achieved by using a systematic approach and providing meta-analyses. Particular focus was placed on in vitro three-dimensional models of epithelial cancers. We investigated questions such as the effect of matrix stiffening, activation of stromal cells, and identified potential advances in mechano-based therapies. RESULTS Meta-analysis revealed that 64% of studies report cancer invasion promotion as stiffness increases, while 36% report the opposite. Experimental approaches and data interpretations were varied, each affecting the invasion of cancer differently. Examples are the experimental timeframes used (24 h to 21 days), the type of polymer used (24 types), and choice of cell line (33 cell lines). The stiffness of the 3D matrices varied from 0.5 to 300 kPa and 19% of these matrices' stiffness were outside commonly accepted physiological range. 100% of the studies outside biological stiffness range (above 20 kPa) report that stiffness does not promote cancer invasion. CONCLUSIONS Taking this analysis into account, we inform on the type of experimental approaches that could be the most relevant and provide what would be a standardized protocol and reporting strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auxtine Micalet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), Torrington Place, London, U.K. WC1E 6BT.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, UCL Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, University College London (UCL), Charles Bell House, London, U.K. W1W 7TS
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), Torrington Place, London, U.K. WC1E 6BT.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Umber Cheema
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, UCL Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, University College London (UCL), Charles Bell House, London, U.K. W1W 7TS
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9
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Bordanaba-Florit G, Madarieta I, Olalde B, Falcón-Pérez JM, Royo F. 3D Cell Cultures as Prospective Models to Study Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:307. [PMID: 33467651 PMCID: PMC7830667 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The improvement of culturing techniques to model the environment and physiological conditions surrounding tumors has also been applied to the study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cancer research. EVs role is not only limited to cell-to-cell communication in tumor physiology, they are also a promising source of biomarkers, and a tool to deliver drugs and induce antitumoral activity. In the present review, we have addressed the improvements achieved by using 3D culture models to evaluate the role of EVs in tumor progression and the potential applications of EVs in diagnostics and therapeutics. The most employed assays are gel-based spheroids, often utilized to examine the cell invasion rate and angiogenesis markers upon EVs treatment. To study EVs as drug carriers, a more complex multicellular cultures and organoids from cancer stem cell populations have been developed. Such strategies provide a closer response to in vivo physiology observed responses. They are also the best models to understand the complex interactions between different populations of cells and the extracellular matrix, in which tumor-derived EVs modify epithelial or mesenchymal cells to become protumor agents. Finally, the growth of cells in 3D bioreactor-like systems is appointed as the best approach to industrial EVs production, a necessary step toward clinical translation of EVs-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Bordanaba-Florit
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Exosomes Laboratory, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), E48160 Derio, Spain; (G.B.-F.); (J.M.F.-P.)
| | - Iratxe Madarieta
- TECNALIA Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), E20009 Donostia San Sebastian, Spain; (I.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Beatriz Olalde
- TECNALIA Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), E20009 Donostia San Sebastian, Spain; (I.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Juan M. Falcón-Pérez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Exosomes Laboratory, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), E48160 Derio, Spain; (G.B.-F.); (J.M.F.-P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), E28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Félix Royo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Exosomes Laboratory, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), E48160 Derio, Spain; (G.B.-F.); (J.M.F.-P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), E28029 Madrid, Spain
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Sarker FA, Prior VG, Bax S, O'Neill GM. Forcing a growth factor response - tissue-stiffness modulation of integrin signaling and crosstalk with growth factor receptors. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/23/jcs242461. [PMID: 33310867 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.242461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research throughout the 90s established that integrin crosstalk with growth factor receptors stimulates robust growth factor signaling. These insights were derived chiefly from comparing adherent versus suspension cell cultures. Considering the new understanding that mechanosensory inputs tune adhesion signaling, it is now timely to revisit this crosstalk in different mechanical environments. Here, we present a brief historical perspective on integrin signaling against the backdrop of the mechanically diverse extracellular microenvironment, then review the evidence supporting the mechanical regulation of integrin crosstalk with growth factor signaling. We discuss early studies revealing distinct signaling consequences for integrin occupancy (binding to matrix) and aggregation (binding to immobile ligand). We consider how the mechanical environments encountered in vivo intersect with this diverse signaling, focusing on receptor endocytosis. We discuss the implications of mechanically tuned integrin signaling for growth factor signaling, using the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as an illustrative example. We discuss how the use of rigid tissue culture plastic for cancer drug screening may select agents that lack efficacy in the soft in vivo tissue environment. Tuning of integrin signaling via external mechanical forces in vivo and subsequent effects on growth factor signaling thus has implications for normal cellular physiology and anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana A Sarker
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead NSW, Westmead 2145, Australia.,Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Victoria G Prior
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead NSW, Westmead 2145, Australia.,Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Samuel Bax
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead NSW, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Geraldine M O'Neill
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead NSW, Westmead 2145, Australia .,Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.,School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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11
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Liu L, He F, Yu Y, Wang Y. Application of FRET Biosensors in Mechanobiology and Mechanopharmacological Screening. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:595497. [PMID: 33240867 PMCID: PMC7680962 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.595497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive studies have shown that cells can sense and modulate the biomechanical properties of the ECM within their resident microenvironment. Thus, targeting the mechanotransduction signaling pathways provides a promising way for disease intervention. However, how cells perceive these mechanical cues of the microenvironment and transduce them into biochemical signals remains to be answered. Förster or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based biosensors are a powerful tool that can be used in live-cell mechanotransduction imaging and mechanopharmacological drug screening. In this review, we will first introduce FRET principle and FRET biosensors, and then, recent advances on the integration of FRET biosensors and mechanobiology in normal and pathophysiological conditions will be discussed. Furthermore, we will summarize the current applications and limitations of FRET biosensors in high-throughput drug screening and the future improvement of FRET biosensors. In summary, FRET biosensors have provided a powerful tool for mechanobiology studies to advance our understanding of how cells and matrices interact, and the mechanopharmacological screening for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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12
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Zhang W, Huang G, Xu F. Engineering Biomaterials and Approaches for Mechanical Stretching of Cells in Three Dimensions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:589590. [PMID: 33154967 PMCID: PMC7591716 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.589590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stretch is widely experienced by cells of different tissues in the human body and plays critical roles in regulating their behaviors. Numerous studies have been devoted to investigating the responses of cells to mechanical stretch, providing us with fruitful findings. However, these findings have been mostly observed from two-dimensional studies and increasing evidence suggests that cells in three dimensions may behave more closely to their in vivo behaviors. While significant efforts and progresses have been made in the engineering of biomaterials and approaches for mechanical stretching of cells in three dimensions, much work remains to be done. Here, we briefly review the state-of-the-art researches in this area, with focus on discussing biomaterial considerations and stretching approaches. We envision that with the development of advanced biomaterials, actuators and microengineering technologies, more versatile and predictive three-dimensional cell stretching models would be available soon for extensive applications in such fields as mechanobiology, tissue engineering, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoyou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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13
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iPSC-Derived Liver Organoids: A Journey from Drug Screening, to Disease Modeling, Arriving to Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176215. [PMID: 32867371 PMCID: PMC7503935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the most common treatment for patients suffering from liver failure that is caused by congenital diseases, infectious agents, and environmental factors. Despite a high rate of patient survival following transplantation, organ availability remains the key limiting factor. As such, research has focused on the transplantation of different cell types that are capable of repopulating and restoring liver function. The best cellular mix capable of engrafting and proliferating over the long-term, as well as the optimal immunosuppression regimens, remain to be clearly well-defined. Hence, alternative strategies in the field of regenerative medicine have been explored. Since the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) that have the potential of differentiating into a broad spectrum of cell types, many studies have reported the achievement of iPSCs differentiation into liver cells, such as hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells. In parallel, an increasing interest in the study of self-assemble or matrix-guided three-dimensional (3D) organoids have paved the way for functional bioartificial livers. In this review, we will focus on the recent breakthroughs in the development of iPSCs-based liver organoids and the major drawbacks and challenges that need to be overcome for the development of future applications.
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14
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Zhang X, Ruan Q, Zhai Y, Lu D, Li C, Fu Y, Zheng Z, Song Y, Guo J. Baicalein inhibits non-small-cell lung cancer invasion and metastasis by reducing ezrin tension in inflammation microenvironment. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3802-3812. [PMID: 32691974 PMCID: PMC7540981 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalein, a flavonoid phytochemical, has been shown to be effective as an anti‐metastatic agent for various cancers, especially for non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the underlying mechanism of how baicalein targets cellular processes during NSCLC cell invasion and metastasis remains elusive. In this study, we found that non‐cytotoxic concentrations of baicalein still retained anti‐dissemination activity both in vitro and in vivo. Using a genetic encoding tension probe based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) theory, baicalein was shown to significantly decrease ezrin tension by downregulating cellular ezrin S‐nitrosylation (SNO) levels in NSCLC cells in the inflammatory microenvironment. Decreased ezrin tension inhibited the formation of an aggressive phenotype of NSCLC cell and leader cell in collective migration, and subsequently suppressed NSCLC dissemination. Baicalein restrained SNO‐mediated ezrin tension by decreasing iNOS expression levels. Overall this study demonstrates the novel mechanism used by baicalein to suppress NSCLC invasion and metastasis from a mechanopharmacology perspective and illustrates a new direction for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinli Ruan
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqian Zhai
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Lu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yahan Fu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihui Zheng
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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15
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Hou Y, Ai X, Zhao L, Gao Z, Wang Y, Lu Y, Tu P, Jiang Y. An integrated biomimetic array chip for high-throughput co-culture of liver and tumor microtissues for advanced anticancer bioactivity screening. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2482-2494. [PMID: 32542294 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00288g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The integration of liver metabolism and hepatotoxicity evaluation for anticancer bioactivity assays in vitro is of fundamental importance to better predict the efficacy and safety of anticancer drugs. In particular, there is a lack of co-culture techniques that can fully mimic the physiological microenvironment at speeds consistent with high-throughput screening. Herein, an integrated Biomimetic Array Chip (iBAC) that enables co-culture of three-dimensional (3D) liver and tumor microtissues was developed for advanced anticancer bioactivity screening at throughputs. The iBAC consisted of two functional chips, a liver chip and a tumor chip containing a cross-shaped protrusion on the tip of a pillar array for co-culture. First, the 3D biomimetic liver microtissue on the liver chip was optimized to mimic superior liver function. Next, the constructed iBAC was evaluated for metabolism-induced anticancer bioactivity by using model prodrugs and for the effect of drug-drug interactions. Finally, the functionality of the iBAC for simultaneous evaluation of anticancer bioactivity and hepatotoxicity was verified. The iBAC exhibits superior performance in biomimetic and integrated functions as well as operationally simple and high-throughput co-culture that makes a good balance between functionality and throughput. Overall, the iBAC provides an integrated, biomimetic and high-throughput co-culture platform to complement the conventional bioactivity assay in tiered screening strategies and could be used as a secondary screening tool at the early phase of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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16
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Kaushik S, Gandhi S, Chauhan M, Ma S, Das S, Ghosh D, Chandrasekharan A, Alam MB, Parmar AS, Sharma A, Santhoshkumar TR, Suhag D. Water-Templated, Polysaccharide-rich Bioartificial 3D Microarchitectures as Extra-Cellular Matrix Bioautomatons. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:20912-20921. [PMID: 32255604 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report of exploiting the "quasi-spherical" shape of water molecules for recapitulating a true human extracellular matrix (ECM). Herein, water behaved as a quasi-spherical porogen, for engineering polysaccharide-rich and chemically defined 3D-microarchitecture, with semi-interpenetrating networks (S-IPNs). Furthermore, their viscoelastic behavior along with a heterogeneous, fibroporous morphology, facilitated instructive, self-remodeling of the bioartificial scaffolds, thence effectively permitting and promoting the growth of 3D tumor spheroids of divergent origins. The hybrid composites displayed reproducible, uniform tumor spheroids with a Z-depth of ∼65 ± 2 μm in case of human adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) and ∼54 ± 3 μm for human glioblastoma cells (U-251) (vs. nonuniform spheroids, on Agarose matrix). Thereafter, their capacity for anticancer drug screening was examined using limited cancer drugs. The conflicting drug screening results for Etoposide's reduced efficacy on glioblastoma cells cultured on our 3D matrix could be ascribed to decreased drug access and thus lower ingression. Nonetheless, adenocarcinoma's resistance to Camptothecin was paralleled. Moreover, their potential for real-time, high-content, phenotypic precision oncology was affirmed by the exceptional transparency of the synthesized composite. Since this 3D microarchitecture typifies ECM bioautomaton, this matrix can also be wielded for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kaushik
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali-140307, Punjab, India
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695014, India
| | - Sonu Gandhi
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad-500032, Telangana, India
| | - Mehak Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida-201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shaohua Ma
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Souvik Das
- Lab MP3CV, EA7517, University Center for Health Research (CURS), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens 80054, France
| | - Deepa Ghosh
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali-140307, Punjab, India
| | - Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695014, India
| | - Md Bayazeed Alam
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Avanish Singh Parmar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Sri Aurobindo Marg, Ansari Nagar, Ansari Nagar East, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - T R Santhoshkumar
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695014, India
| | - Deepa Suhag
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley Gurugram, Manesar, Panchgaon, Haryana 122413, India
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17
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Sun YJ, Hsu CH, Ling TY, Liu L, Lin TC, Jakfar S, Young IC, Lin FH. The preparation of cell-containing microbubble scaffolds to mimic alveoli structure as a 3D drug-screening system for lung cancer. Biofabrication 2020; 12:025031. [PMID: 32084662 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab78ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and lung cancer is the most malignant. However, the high failure rate in oncology drug development from in vitro studies to in vivo preclinical models indicates that the modern methods of evaluating drug efficacies in vitro are not reliable. Traditional 2D cell culture has proved inadequate to mimic real physiological conditions. Current 3D cell culture methods do not represent the delicate structure of lung alveoli. To mimic lung alveoli structure, a cell-containing enzyme-crosslinked gelatin microbubble scaffold was produced by mixing surfactant-containing gelatin solution with microbial transglutaminase (mTGase)-mixed A549 cell suspension in a four-channel flow-focusing microfluidic device. With uniform pore size of about 100 μm in diameter, this gelatin microbubble scaffold resembled the lung alveoli in structure and in mechanical properties with good biocompatibility. Effective gemcitabine concentration required to induce cell death in microbubble scaffolds was significantly higher than in 2D culture together with a longer treatment time. Cell death mechanisms were confirmed to be gemcitabine-induced cell apoptosis through Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction. H&E staining and TUNEL assay showed rounded cells with DNA damage in drug-treated scaffolds. Taken together, the cell-containing microbubble scaffolds successfully mimicked lung alveoli in structure and cellular responses after gemcitabine treatment were similar to clinical regimen of treating lung carcinoma. The microbubble scaffold is promising to facilitate anticancer drug discovery by providing more accurate preclinical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jun Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
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18
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Deng J, Wei W, Chen Z, Lin B, Zhao W, Luo Y, Zhang X. Engineered Liver-on-a-Chip Platform to Mimic Liver Functions and Its Biomedical Applications: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E676. [PMID: 31591365 PMCID: PMC6843249 DOI: 10.3390/mi10100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatology and drug development for liver diseases require in vitro liver models. Typical models include 2D planar primary hepatocytes, hepatocyte spheroids, hepatocyte organoids, and liver-on-a-chip. Liver-on-a-chip has emerged as the mainstream model for drug development because it recapitulates the liver microenvironment and has good assay robustness such as reproducibility. Liver-on-a-chip with human primary cells can potentially correlate clinical testing. Liver-on-a-chip can not only predict drug hepatotoxicity and drug metabolism, but also connect other artificial organs on the chip for a human-on-a-chip, which can reflect the overall effect of a drug. Engineering an effective liver-on-a-chip device requires knowledge of multiple disciplines including chemistry, fluidic mechanics, cell biology, electrics, and optics. This review first introduces the physiological microenvironments in the liver, especially the cell composition and its specialized roles, and then summarizes the strategies to build a liver-on-a-chip via microfluidic technologies and its biomedical applications. In addition, the latest advancements of liver-on-a-chip technologies are discussed, which serve as a basis for further liver-on-a-chip research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (J.D.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wenbo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (J.D.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zongzheng Chen
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (J.D.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Weijie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (J.D.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (J.D.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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19
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Brooks EA, Galarza S, Gencoglu MF, Cornelison RC, Munson JM, Peyton SR. Applicability of drug response metrics for cancer studies using biomaterials. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180226. [PMID: 31431182 PMCID: PMC6627013 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioengineers have built models of the tumour microenvironment (TME) in which to study cell-cell interactions, mechanisms of cancer growth and metastasis, and to test new therapies. These models allow researchers to culture cells in conditions that include features of the in vivo TME implicated in regulating cancer progression, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, integrin binding to the ECM, immune and stromal cells, growth factor and cytokine depots, and a three-dimensional geometry more representative of the in vivo TME than tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). These biomaterials could be particularly useful for drug screening applications to make better predictions of efficacy, offering better translation to preclinical models and clinical trials. However, it can be challenging to compare drug response reports across different biomaterial platforms in the current literature. This is, in part, a result of inconsistent reporting and improper use of drug response metrics, and vast differences in cell growth rates across a large variety of biomaterial designs. This study attempts to clarify the definitions of drug response measurements used in the field, and presents examples in which these measurements can and cannot be applied. We suggest as best practice to measure the growth rate of cells in the absence of drug, and follow our 'decision tree' when reporting drug response metrics. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Brooks
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003-9364, USA
| | - Sualyneth Galarza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003-9364, USA
| | - Maria F. Gencoglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003-9364, USA
| | - R. Chase Cornelison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, 325 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Munson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, 325 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Shelly R. Peyton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003-9364, USA
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20
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Kuo CT, Wang JY, Lu SR, Lai YS, Chang HH, Hsieh JT, Wo AM, Chen BPC, Lu JH, Lee H. A nanodroplet cell processing platform facilitating drug synergy evaluations for anti-cancer treatments. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10120. [PMID: 31300742 PMCID: PMC6625988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic drug synergism intervened in cancer treatments has been demonstrated to be more effective than using a single effector. However, it remains inherently challenging, with a limited cell count from tumor samples, to achieve potent personalized drug cocktails. To address the issue above, we herein present a nanodroplet cell processing platform. The platform incorporates an automatic nanodroplet dispenser with cell array ParaStamp chips, which were fabricated by a new wax stamping approach derived from laser direct writing. Such approach enables not only the on-demand de-wetting with hydrophobic wax films on substrates but also the mask-less fabrication of non-planar microstructures (i.e. no photolithography process). The ParaStamp chip was pre-occupied with anti-cancer drugs and their associate mixtures, enabling for the spatially addressable screening of optimal drug combinations simultaneously. Each droplet with a critical volume of 200 nl containing with 100 cells was utilized. Results revealed that the optimal combination reduces approximate 28-folds of conducted doses compared with single drugs. Tumor inhibition with the optimally selected drug combination was further confirmed by using PC-3 tumor-bearing mouse models. Together, the nanodroplet cell processing platform could therefore offer new opportunities to power the personalized cancer medicine at early-stage drug screening and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Te Kuo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jong-Yueh Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siang-Rong Lu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lai
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hao Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew M Wo
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Benjamin P C Chen
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jen-Her Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsinyu Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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Wu R, Li C, Li C, Ren J, Sun X, Zhang S, Zou J, Ling X. Rapid screening of multi-target antitumor drugs by nonimmobilized tumor cells/tissues capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1045:152-161. [PMID: 30454570 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As there are more target categories on tumor cells/tissues than on receptor-overexpressing cells, and tumor tissues can better simulate TME, we established a new method of screening multi-target antitumor drugs by nonimmobilized tumor cells/tissues capillary electrophoresis under approximately tumor physiological environment. In this method, the natural structure and active conformation of the target proteins on tumor cells/tissues can be well maintained without separation and purification. Therefore, we successfully used this method to study the interactions between the Aidi injection (ADI)/its main components and tumor cells/tissues by optimizing a series of experimental conditions, discovered seven components with binding activity to A549 cells, five of them with specific interaction to tumor tissues, and calculated the binding kinetic parameters (K, ka, kd, and k'). Then, antitumor activity assays in vitro and in vivo were carried out to discover a new drug combination with higher targeting, better pharmaceutical efficacy, and lower toxic side effects. Finally, molecular docking studies were performed to investigate the potential target groups of the interactions between the effective drug combination and A549 cells/tissues. In summary, the method was verified to be valid and feasible, and can be easily transferred to a capillary array electrophoresis for high-throughput drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhi Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Sufang Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Juncheng Zou
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Ling
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Yan X, Zhou L, Wu Z, Wang X, Chen X, Yang F, Guo Y, Wu M, Chen Y, Li W, Wang J, Du Y. High throughput scaffold-based 3D micro-tumor array for efficient drug screening and chemosensitivity testing. Biomaterials 2018; 198:167-179. [PMID: 29807624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oncology drug development is greatly hampered by inefficient drug screening using 2D culture. Herein, we present ready-to-use micro-scaffolds in 384-well format to generate uniform 3D micro-tumor array (3D-MTA, CV < 0.15) that predicts in vivo drug responses more accurately than 2D monolayer. 3D-MTA generated from both cell lines and primary cells achieved high screen quality (Z' > 0.5), and were compatible with standard high throughput and high content instruments. Doxorubicin identified by 3D-MTA and 2D successfully inhibited tumor growth in mice bearing lung cancer cell line (H226) xenografts, but not gemcitabine and vinorelbine, which were selected solely by 2D. Resistance towards targeted therapy was modeled on 3D-MTA, which elicited SK-BR-3 to express higher proliferation-related genes in response to gefitinb, as compared to 2D. Screening of 56 MAPK inhibitors identified pisamertib to synergistically improve cytotoxicity effect in combination with gefitinib. Primary tumor cells derived from patient-derived xenografts further attested concordance of drug response in 3D-MTA with in vivo response. 3D-MTA was further extended to realize chemosensitivity testing using patient-derived cells. Overall, 3D-MTA demonstrated strong potential to accelerate drug discovery and improve cancer treatment by providing efficient drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Lyu Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Zhaozhao Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Xiuyuan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Beijing Biocytogen Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100176, PR China
| | - Min Wu
- Beijing Biocytogen Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100176, PR China
| | - Yuyang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
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23
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Bulin AL, Broekgaarden M, Hasan T. Comprehensive high-throughput image analysis for therapeutic efficacy of architecturally complex heterotypic organoids. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16645. [PMID: 29192263 PMCID: PMC5709388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioengineered three-dimensional (3D) tumor models that incorporate heterotypic cellular communication are gaining interest as they can recapitulate key features regarding the intrinsic heterogeneity of cancer tissues. However, the architectural complexity and heterogeneous contents associated with these models pose a challenge for toxicological assays to accurately report treatment outcomes. To address this issue, we describe a comprehensive image analysis procedure for structurally complex organotypic cultures (CALYPSO) applied to fluorescence-based assays to extract multiparametric readouts of treatment effects for heterotypic tumor cultures that enables advanced analyses. The capacity of this approach is exemplified on various 3D models including adherent/suspension, mono-/heterocellular cultures and several disease types. The subsequent analysis revealed specific morphological effects of oxaliplatin chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy. The procedure can be readily implemented in most laboratories to facilitate high-throughput toxicological screening of pharmaceutical agents and treatment regimens on organotypic cultures of human disease to expedite drug and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Bulin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, 02114, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mans Broekgaarden
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, 02114, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, 02114, Boston, MA, USA.
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