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Jayaprasad AG, Chandrasekharan A, Arun Jyothi SP, John Sam SM, Santhoshkumar TR, Pillai MR. Telomerase inhibitors induce mitochondrial oxidation and DNA damage-dependent cell death rescued by Bcl-2/Bcl-xL. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130151. [PMID: 38403227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactivation of telomerase is a hallmark of cancer and the majority of cancers over-express telomerase. Telomerase-dependent telomere length maintenance confers immortality to cancer cells. However, telomere length-independent cell survival functions of telomerase also play a critical role in tumorigenesis. Multiple telomerase inhibitors have been developed as therapeutics and include anti-sense oligonucleotides, telomerase RNA component targeting agents, chemical inhibitors of telomerase, small molecule inhibitors of hTERT, and telomerase vaccine. In general, telomerase inhibitors affect cell proliferation and survival of cells depending on the telomere length reduction, culminating in replicative senescence or cell death by crisis. However, most telomerase inhibitors kill cancer cells prior to significant reduction in telomere length, suggesting telomere length independent role of telomerase in early telomere dysfunction-dependent cell death. METHODS In this study, we explored the mechanism of cell death induced by three prominent telomerase inhibitors utilizing a series of genetically encoded sensor cells including redox and DNA damage sensor cells. RESULTS We report that telomerase inhibitors induce early cell cycle inhibition, followed by redox alterations at cytosol and mitochondria. Massive mitochondrial oxidation and DNA damage induce classical cell death involving mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss and mitochondrial permeabilization. Real-time imaging of the progression of mitochondrial oxidation revealed that treated cells undergo a biphasic mitochondrial redox alteration during telomerase inhibition, emphasizing the potential role of telomerase in the redox regulation at mitochondria. Additionally, silencing of hTERT confirmed its predominant role in maintaining mitochondrial redox homeostasis. Interestingly, the study also demonstrated that anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins still confer protection against cell death induced by telomerase inhibitors. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that redox alterations and DNA damage contribute to early cell death by telomerase inhibitors and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins confer protection from cell death by their ability to safeguard mitochondria from oxidation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Geetha Jayaprasad
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India; PhD Program, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - S P Arun Jyothi
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - S M John Sam
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - T R Santhoshkumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India.
| | - M Radhakrishna Pillai
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India.
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Chandrasekharan A, Tiwari SK, Munirpasha HA, Sivasailam A, Jayaprasad AG, Harikumar A, Santhoshkumar TR. Genetically encoded caspase sensor and RFP-LC3 for temporal analysis of apoptosis-autophagy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128807. [PMID: 38101685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The balance between pro-death and pro-survival signaling determines the fate of cells under a variety of pathological and physiological conditions. The pro-cell death signaling, apoptosis, and survival singling, autophagy work in an integrated manner for maintaining cell integrity. Their altered balance drives pathological conditions such as cancer, inflammatory disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Dissecting complex crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis requires simultaneous detection of both events at a single cell level with good temporal resolution in real-time. Here, we have used two distinct fluorescent-based probes of caspase activation and autophagy for generating such sensor cells. Cells stably expressing RFP-LC3 as an autophagy marker were further stably expressed with a FRET-based probe for caspase activation with a nuclear localization signal. The functional validation and live-cell imaging of the sensor cells using selected treatments revealed that stress that induces rapid cell death often fails to induce autophagy signaling, and slow cell death induction triggers simultaneous autophagy signaling with caspase activation. The real-time imaging revealed the time-dependent shift of cells towards caspase activation while autophagy is inhibited confirming basal autophagy confers survival against apoptosis under stress conditions. Confocal imaging also revealed that cells under 3D culture condition maintain increased autophagy over monolayer cultures. High-throughput adaptability of the system extends its application for the screening of compounds that cause caspase activation, autophagy, or both demonstrating the potential utility of the sensor probe for diverse biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India.
| | - Shivanshu Kumar Tiwari
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Halikar Aman Munirpasha
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Aswathy Sivasailam
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Aparna Geetha Jayaprasad
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Ashwathi Harikumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - T R Santhoshkumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
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3
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Sharaf SS, Lekshmi A, S A, K G A, Jyothi S P A, Chandrasekharan A, Somanathan T, Santhosh Kumar TR, K S. A multiplex immunoprofiling approach for detecting the co-localization of breast cancer biomarkers using a combination of Alexafluor - Quantum dot conjugates and a panel of chromogenic dyes. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155033. [PMID: 38134837 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
There is a plethora of information embedded in a tissue section that the conventional IHC understands only partially. Predictive biomarkers for precision immuno-oncology heavily dependent on the spatial arrangement of cells and the co-expression patterns in the tissue sections. Here we have explored the versatility of indirect multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) and indirect multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) for the labeling of breast cancer prognostic markers in routinely processed, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues at high resolution. The multiplex immunohistochemistry protocol utilized sequential staining for the chromogenic immunolabelling of Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or Progesterone Receptor (PR), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2), and Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 (NM23) by multicolor chromogens in different combinations. A feasible workflow for multiplex immunofluorescence was also effectively standardized for ERα, PR, and HER2 using combinations of commercially available Alexa Fluor and Quantum dots semiconductor nanocrystal conjugated secondary antibodies. Multiplex chromogenic immunolabeling revealed differential expression of the markers on the same slide. Kappa statistics revealed perfect agreement with uniplex immunohistochemistry. For multiplex fluorescence approach, surface receptor detection using Quantum dots and Alexa fluor dyes for cytoplasmic or nuclear markers performed well for profiling multiple co-localized biomarkers on a single paraffin tissue section. The technique developed reveals additional information such as co-expression, spatial relationships, and tumor heterogeneity, providing a deeper insight into developing combinatorial therapeutic strategies in clinical care. This high throughput workflow complements the outcomes of traditional IHC while saving tissue, time, labour, and reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanaz S Sharaf
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytopathology and Proteomics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Asha Lekshmi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytopathology and Proteomics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Aswathy S
- Cancer Research program 1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Akkulam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anurup K G
- Cancer Research program 1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Akkulam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Arun Jyothi S P
- Cancer Research program 1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Akkulam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Cancer Research program 1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Akkulam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Thara Somanathan
- Division of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - T R Santhosh Kumar
- Cancer Research program 1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Akkulam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Sujathan K
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytopathology and Proteomics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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Jancy SV, Lupitha SS, Chandrasekharan A, Varadarajan SN, Nelson-Sathi S, Prasad R, Jones S, Easwaran S, Darvin P, Sivasailam A, Santhoshkumar TR. A high-throughput screening system for SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibition, syncytia formation and cell toxicity. Biol Proced Online 2023; 25:22. [PMID: 37495994 PMCID: PMC10373420 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-023-00214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into the host cell is mediated through the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein via the receptor binding domain (RBD) to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). Identifying compounds that inhibit Spike-ACE2 binding would be a promising and safe antiviral approach against COVID-19. METHODS In this study, we used a BSL-2 compatible replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 with eGFP reporter system (VSV-eGFP-SARS-CoV-2) in a recombinant permissive cell system for high-throughput screening of viral entry blockers. The SARS-CoV-2 permissive reporter system encompasses cells that stably express hACE2-tagged cerulean and H2B tagged with mCherry, as a marker of nuclear condensation, which also enables imaging of fused cells among infected EGFP positive cells and could provide real-time information on syncytia formation. RESULTS A limited high-throughput screening identified six natural products that markedly inhibited VSV-eGFP-SARS-CoV-2 with minimum toxicity. Further studies of Spike-S1 binding using the permissive cells showed Scillaren A and 17-Aminodemethoxygeldanamycin could inhibit S1 binding to ACE2 among the six leads. A real-time imaging revealed delayed inhibition of syncytia by Scillaren A, Proscillaridin, Acetoxycycloheximide and complete inhibition by Didemnin B indicating that the assay is a reliable platform for any image-based drug screening. CONCLUSION A BSL-2 compatible assay system that is equivalent to the infectious SARS-CoV-2 is a promising tool for high-throughput screening of large compound libraries for viral entry inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 along with toxicity and effects on syncytia. Studies using clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2 are warranted to confirm the antiviral potency of the leads and the utility of the screening system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shine Varghese Jancy
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Santhik Subhasingh Lupitha
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Shankara Narayanan Varadarajan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Shijulal Nelson-Sathi
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Roshny Prasad
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Sara Jones
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Sreekumar Easwaran
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Pramod Darvin
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Aswathy Sivasailam
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Thankayyan Retnabai Santhoshkumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India.
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5
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Chandrasekharan A, Varadarajan SN, Lekshmi A, Santhoshkumar TR. Real-time simultaneous imaging of temporal alterations in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial redox in single cells during cell division and cell death. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 194:33-41. [PMID: 36427748 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic and organelle redox are highly interrelated, and their alterations play critical roles in both physiological and pathological cell states. This highly regulated process is crucial in life-death decisions of cells. Among organelles, the mitochondrion is the major source of intracellular-ROS and contributes to oxidation damage-induced cell death. Increase in cytosolic-redox and mitochondrial-redox is evident in cells undergoing diverse forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and necroptosis. The hierarchical profiling of redox signaling at the cytosol and mitochondria in a single cell is important to understand the relative contribution of each species in the initiation and shaping of cell death. Here, we demonstrate the potential application of ratiometric redox GFP (roGFP) and intensity-based redox-sensitive RFP (rxRFP) targeted to mitochondria in revealing both rapid and slow progressing changes in redox during cell division and in cells undergoing multiple modes of cell death. To generate imaging quality signal, single-cell clones stably expressing both roGFP at the cytosol and rxRFP probes targeted to mitochondria were generated. The cells provided sufficient temporal resolution with imaging-ready signal for the real-time visualization of rapidly progressing redox alterations at the cytosol and mitochondria. The long-time imaging of the cells revealed that a moderate increase in cytosolic ROS marks the division stage. Similarly, distinct forms of cell death trigger a unique and temporally regulated redox change at the cytosol and mitochondria, suggesting the potential utility of the sensor cells to dissect the nature of cell death pathways induced by specific forms of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Shankara Narayanan Varadarajan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Asha Lekshmi
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - T R Santhoshkumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India.
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Ravindran R, Velikkakath AKG, Narendradev ND, Chandrasekharan A, Santhoshkumar TR, Srinivasula SM. Endosomal-associated RFFL facilitates mitochondrial clearance by enhancing PRKN/parkin recruitment to mitochondria. Autophagy 2022; 18:2851-2864. [PMID: 35373701 PMCID: PMC9673925 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2052460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the ubiquitin ligase PRKN (parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase) are associated with Parkinson disease and defective mitophagy. Conceptually, PRKN-dependent mitophagy is classified into two phases: 1. PRKN recruits to and ubiquitinates mitochondrial proteins; 2. formation of phagophore membrane, sequestering mitochondria for degradation. Recently, endosomal machineries are reported to contribute to the later stage for membrane assembly. We reported a role for endosomes in the events upstream of phase 1. We demonstrate that the endosomal ubiquitin ligase RFFL (ring finger and FYVE like domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase) associated with damaged mitochondria, and this association preceded that of PRKN. RFFL interacted with PRKN, and stable recruitment of PRKN to damaged mitochondria was substantially reduced in RFFL KO cells. Our study unraveled a novel role of endosomes in modulating upstream pathways of PRKN-dependent mitophagy initiation.Abbreviations CCCP: carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescence protein; KO: knockout; PRKN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; RFFL: ring finger and FYVE like domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; UQCRC1: ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishith Ravindran
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anoop Kumar G. Velikkakath
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India,Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Karnataka, India
| | - Nikhil Dev Narendradev
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - T. R. Santhoshkumar
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Kerala, India
| | - Srinivasa M. Srinivasula
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India,CONTACT Srinivasa M. Srinivasula School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala695551, India
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7
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Lupitha SS, Darvin P, Chandrasekharan A, Varadarajan SN, Divakaran SJ, Easwaran S, Nelson-Sathi S, Umasankar PK, Jones S, Joseph I, Pillai MR, Santhoshkumar TR. A rapid bead-based assay for screening of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies. Antib Ther 2022; 5:100-110. [PMID: 35437514 PMCID: PMC8992333 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative determination of neutralizing antibodies against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is paramount in immunodiagnostics, vaccine efficacy testing, and immune response profiling among the vaccinated population. Cost-effective, rapid, easy-to-perform assays are essential to support the vaccine development process and immunosurveillance studies. We describe a bead-based screening assay for S1-neutralization using recombinant fluorescent proteins of hACE2 and SARS-CoV2-S1, immobilized on solid beads employing nanobodies/metal-affinity tags. Nanobody-mediated capture of SARS-CoV-2-Spike (S1) on agarose beads served as the trap for soluble recombinant ACE2-GFPSpark, inhibited by neutralizing antibody. The first approach demonstrates single-color fluorescent imaging of ACE2-GFPSpark binding to His-tagged S1-Receptor Binding Domain (RBD-His) immobilized beads. The second approach is dual-color imaging of soluble ACE2-GFPSpark to S1-Orange Fluorescent Protein (S1-OFPSpark) beads. Both methods showed a good correlation with the gold standard pseudovirion assay and can be adapted to any fluorescent platforms for screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhik Subhasingh Lupitha
- Corona Research and Intervention Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Pramod Darvin
- Corona Research and Intervention Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Corona Research and Intervention Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | - Soumya Jaya Divakaran
- Corona Research and Intervention Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sreekumar Easwaran
- Corona Research and Intervention Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Shijulal Nelson-Sathi
- Corona Research and Intervention Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Perunthottathu K Umasankar
- Corona Research and Intervention Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sara Jones
- Corona Research and Intervention Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Iype Joseph
- Corona Research and Intervention Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - M Radhakrishna Pillai
- Corona Research and Intervention Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - T R Santhoshkumar
- Corona Research and Intervention Group, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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8
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Varadarajan SN, Mathew KA, Chandrasekharan A, Lupitha SS, Lekshmi A, Mini M, Darvin P, Santhoshkumar TR. Real-time visualization and quantitation of cell death and cell cycle progression in 2D and 3D cultures utilizing genetically encoded probes. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:782-797. [PMID: 35106828 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells grown as 3D-structures are better models for mimicking in vivo conditions than the 2D-culture systems employable in drug discovery applications. Cell cycle and cell death are important determinants for preclinical drug screening and tumor growth studies in laboratory conditions. Though several 3D-models and live-cell compatible approaches are available, a method for simultaneous real-time detection of cell cycle and cell death is required. Here we demonstrate a high-throughput adaptable method using genetically encoded fluorescent probes for the real-time quantitative detection of cell death and cell cycle. The cell-cycle indicator cdt1-Kusabira orange (KO) is stably integrated into cancer cells and further transfected with the Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer-based ECFP-DEVD-EYFP caspase activation sensor. The nuclear cdt1-KO expression serves as the readout for cell-cycle, and caspase activation is visualized by ECFP/EYFP ratiometric imaging. The image-based platform allowed imaging of growing spheres for prolonged periods in 3D-culture with excellent single-cell resolution through confocal microscopy. High-throughput screening (HTS) adaptation was achieved by targeting the caspase-sensor at the nucleus, which enabled the quantitation of cell death in 3D-models. The HTS using limited compound libraries, identified two lead compounds that induced caspase-activation both in 2D and 3D-cultures. This is the first report of an approach for noninvasive stain-free quantitative imaging of cell death and cell cycle with potential drug discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krupa Ann Mathew
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - Asha Lekshmi
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Minsa Mini
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Pramod Darvin
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - T R Santhoshkumar
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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9
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Menon N, Patil V, Noronha V, Joshi A, Mathrudev V, Bhattacharjee A, Chandrasekharan A, Srinivas S, Vallathol D, Chaturvedi P, Chaukar D, Pai P, Nair S, Thiagrajan S, Ghosh Laskar S, Nawale K, Dhumal S, Tambe R, Banavali S, Prabhash K. 865MO RMAC study: A randomized study evaluating the efficacy of metronomic adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with recurrent head and neck cancers post salvage surgery, not eligible for re-irradiation. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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10
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Rajeswaran R, Chandrasekharan A, Mohanty S, Murali K, Joseph S. Role of MR cisternography in the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea with diagnostic nasal endoscopy and surgical correlation. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.29005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractObjectives : To study the usefulness and accuracy of MR cisternography as noninvasive study in the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula with diagnostic sinonasal endoscopy and surgical correlation.
Material and Methods: Twenty four patients with clinically suspected CSF rhinorrhoea were examined for CSF fistula with MR cisternography. The MR imaging technique included 3mm thin T2 weighted coronal and sagittal sections using Fast spin echo. In addition 1.5mm thin T2 weighted coronal sections were also obtained using CISS (Constructive Interference in Steady State) sequence. MR findings were correlated with diagnostic sinonasal endoscopy and surgical findings.
Results : MR cisternography demonstrated the presence of fistula in 17 patients, absence of fistula in seven patients. Out of 17 patients with fistula, the diagnosis could be confirmed in 14 patients by diagnostic sinonasal endoscopy/surgery. Out of the seven patients without fistula, there was positive correlation in six patients when they were followed up clinically and by diagnostic nasal endoscopy. However in one patient, fistula was demonstrated on CT cisternography and was confirmed on sinonasal endoscopic surgery. The accuracy, sensitivity of MR cisternography was 96, 94% respectively.
Conclusion : MR cisternography is a useful and accurate noninvasive study in localizing the site and extent of CSF fistula.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rajeswaran
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Department of Otolaryngology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai - 600 116, India
| | - A Chandrasekharan
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Department of Otolaryngology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai - 600 116, India
| | - S Mohanty
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Department of Otolaryngology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai - 600 116, India
| | - K Murali
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Department of Otolaryngology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai - 600 116, India
| | - S Joseph
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Department of Otolaryngology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai - 600 116, India
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11
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Goyal R, Jerath G, Chandrasekharan A, Christian Y, Kumar TRS, Ramakrishnan V. Molecular hybridization combining tumor homing and penetrating peptide domains for cellular targeting. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1285-1292. [PMID: 34333729 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A complete peptide-based drug delivery unit has been designed with a tumor homing domain chemically linked to a syndiotactic cell-penetrating domain. The designed peptides were synthesized, characterized, and tested in vitro for cellular uptake and cytotoxicity evaluation. The differential uptake, cellular internalization, negligible hemotoxicity, selective toxicity to MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and the superior penetration in three-dimensional MDA-MB-231 tumorospheres confirm their utility as a promising delivery vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Goyal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Gaurav Jerath
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Cancer Research Program-1, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Yvonne Christian
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - T R Santhosh Kumar
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Cancer Research Program-1, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Vibin Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Goyal R, Jerath G, Akhil R, Chandrasekharan A, Puppala ER, Ponneganti S, Sarma A, Naidu VGM, Santhoshkumar TR, Ramakrishnan V. Geometry encoded functional programming of tumor homing peptides for targeted drug delivery. J Control Release 2021; 333:16-27. [PMID: 33722612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Poly-peptide molecules have shown promising applications in drug delivery and tumor targeting. A series of tumor homing peptides were designed by exhaustively sampling low energy geometrical basins of amino acids at specific sites of a peptide molecule to induce a conformational lock. This peptide library was pruned to a limited set of eight molecules, employing electrostatic interactions, docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. These designed and optimized peptides were synthesized and tested on various cell lines, including breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), cervical cancer (HeLa), osteosarcoma (U2-OS), and non-cancerous mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A) using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Peptides show differential uptake in cancerous MDA-MB-231, HeLa, U2-OS, and non-cancerous MCF-10A cells. Confocal imaging verified their ability to penetrate even in 3D tumorospheres of MDA-MB-231 cells. Further, experiments of mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and Caspase-3 activation confirmed that their cytotoxic effects are by apoptosis. Homing ability of the designed peptides in in vivo system and fluorescence imaging with clinical samples of human origin have further confirmed that the in vitro studies are qualitatively identical and quantitatively comparable in their ability to selectively recognize tumor cells. Overall, we present a roadmap for the functional programming of peptide-based homing and penetrating molecules that can perform selective tumor targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Goyal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Gaurav Jerath
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - R Akhil
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Eswara Rao Puppala
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India
| | - Srikanth Ponneganti
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Sarma
- Dr. Bhubaneswar Borooah Cancer Institute, Tata Memorial Centre (Mumbai), Guwahati 781016, Assam, India
| | - V G M Naidu
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India
| | - T R Santhoshkumar
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India.
| | - Vibin Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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Goyal R, Jerath G, Chandrasekharan A, Kumar TRS, Ramakrishnan V. Peptide-based delivery vectors with pre-defined geometrical locks. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1303-1313. [PMID: 34095842 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Design of peptide-based targeted delivery vectors with attributes of specificity and selective cellular targeting by fixing their topology and resulting electrostatic fingerprint is the objective of this study. We formulated our peptide design platform by utilizing the possibilities of side-chain induced geometric restrictions in a typical peptide molecule. Conceptually, we locked the conformation of the RGD/NGR motif of tumor homing peptides (THPs) by mutating glycine in these motifs with d-proline and tailed the peptides with a syndiotactic amphipathic segment for cellular penetration. The designed peptides were synthesized, characterized, and tested in vitro on various cell lines, including breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), cervical cancer (HeLa), osteosarcoma (U2-OS) and non-cancer mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A), by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The results showed differential cellular uptake in different cell types, as a result of the distinct electrostatic fingerprint encoded in their design. The uptake of serum pre-treated peptides by cells reveals the retention of peptide activity even after the incubation with serum. In addition, peptide-methotrexate (MTX) conjugates compared to the methotrexate drug showed enhanced apoptotic cell death in MTX-resistant MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating the increase in MTX bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Goyal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati-781039 Assam India
| | - Gaurav Jerath
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati-781039 Assam India
| | - Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology Thiruvananthapuram-695014 Kerala India
| | - T R Santhosh Kumar
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology Thiruvananthapuram-695014 Kerala India
| | - Vibin Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati-781039 Assam India
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Kaushik S, Gandhi S, Chauhan M, Ma S, Das S, Ghosh D, Chandrasekharan A, Alam MB, Parmar AS, Sharma A, Santhoshkumar TR, Suhag D. Water-Templated, Polysaccharide-rich Bioartificial 3D Microarchitectures as Extra-Cellular Matrix Bioautomatons. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:20912-20921. [PMID: 32255604 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report of exploiting the "quasi-spherical" shape of water molecules for recapitulating a true human extracellular matrix (ECM). Herein, water behaved as a quasi-spherical porogen, for engineering polysaccharide-rich and chemically defined 3D-microarchitecture, with semi-interpenetrating networks (S-IPNs). Furthermore, their viscoelastic behavior along with a heterogeneous, fibroporous morphology, facilitated instructive, self-remodeling of the bioartificial scaffolds, thence effectively permitting and promoting the growth of 3D tumor spheroids of divergent origins. The hybrid composites displayed reproducible, uniform tumor spheroids with a Z-depth of ∼65 ± 2 μm in case of human adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) and ∼54 ± 3 μm for human glioblastoma cells (U-251) (vs. nonuniform spheroids, on Agarose matrix). Thereafter, their capacity for anticancer drug screening was examined using limited cancer drugs. The conflicting drug screening results for Etoposide's reduced efficacy on glioblastoma cells cultured on our 3D matrix could be ascribed to decreased drug access and thus lower ingression. Nonetheless, adenocarcinoma's resistance to Camptothecin was paralleled. Moreover, their potential for real-time, high-content, phenotypic precision oncology was affirmed by the exceptional transparency of the synthesized composite. Since this 3D microarchitecture typifies ECM bioautomaton, this matrix can also be wielded for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kaushik
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali-140307, Punjab, India
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695014, India
| | - Sonu Gandhi
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad-500032, Telangana, India
| | - Mehak Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida-201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shaohua Ma
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Souvik Das
- Lab MP3CV, EA7517, University Center for Health Research (CURS), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens 80054, France
| | - Deepa Ghosh
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali-140307, Punjab, India
| | - Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695014, India
| | - Md Bayazeed Alam
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Avanish Singh Parmar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Sri Aurobindo Marg, Ansari Nagar, Ansari Nagar East, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - T R Santhoshkumar
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695014, India
| | - Deepa Suhag
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley Gurugram, Manesar, Panchgaon, Haryana 122413, India
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Sunilkumar D, Drishya G, Chandrasekharan A, Shaji SK, Bose C, Jossart J, Perry JJP, Mishra N, Kumar GB, Nair BG. Oxyresveratrol drives caspase-independent apoptosis-like cell death in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through the induction of ROS. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 173:113724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Badarudeen B, Gupta R, Nair SV, Chandrasekharan A, Manna TK. The ubiquitin ligase FBXW7 targets the centriolar assembly protein HsSAS-6 for degradation and thereby regulates centriole duplication. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4428-4437. [PMID: 32086376 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ac119.012178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of a single new centriole from a pre-existing centriole is strictly controlled to maintain correct centrosome number and spindle polarity in cells. However, the mechanisms that govern this process are incompletely understood. Here, using several human cell lines, immunofluorescence and structured illumination microscopy methods, and ubiquitination assays, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7), a subunit of the SCF ubiquitin ligase, down-regulates spindle assembly 6 homolog (HsSAS-6), a key protein required for procentriole cartwheel assembly, and thereby regulates centriole duplication. We found that FBXW7 abrogation stabilizes HsSAS-6 and increases its recruitment to the mother centriole at multiple sites, leading to supernumerary centrioles. Ultrastructural analyses revealed that FBXW7 is broadly localized on the mother centriole and that its presence is reduced at the site where the HsSAS-6-containing procentriole is formed. This observation suggested that FBXW7 restricts procentriole assembly to a specific site to generate a single new centriole. In contrast, during HsSAS-6 overexpression, FBXW7 strongly associated with HsSAS-6 at the centriole. We also found that SCFFBXW7 interacts with HsSAS-6 and targets it for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Further, we identified putative phosphodegron sites in HsSAS-6, whose substitutions rendered it insensitive to FBXW7-mediated degradation and control of centriole number. In summary, SCFFBXW7 targets HsSAS-6 for degradation and thereby controls centriole biogenesis by restraining HsSAS-6 recruitment to the mother centriole, a molecular mechanism that controls supernumerary centrioles/centrosomes and the maintenance of bipolar spindles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binshad Badarudeen
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Ria Gupta
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Sreeja V Nair
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | | | - Tapas K Manna
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
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17
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Bajpai J, Kagwade S, Chandrasekharan A, Dandekar S, Kanan S, Kembhavi Y, Ghosh J, Banavali SD, Gupta S. "Randomised controlled trial of scalp cooling for the prevention of chemotherapy induced alopecia". Breast 2019; 49:187-193. [PMID: 31865282 PMCID: PMC7375683 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Randomized controlled trials (RCT) of scalp cooling (SC) to prevent chemotherapy induced alopecia (CIA) did not evaluate its effect on hair regrowth (HR) and was conducted in a predominantly taxane (T) treated population. We conducted an RCT of SC in a setting of anthracycline (A) and taxane chemotherapy (CT) and assessed its effect on CIA and HR. Methods Non-metastatic breast cancer women undergoing (neo) adjuvant CT were randomized to receive SC using the Paxman scalp cooling system during every cycle of CT, or no SC. The primary end point (PEP) was successful hair preservation (HP) assessed clinically and by review of photographs after CT. HR was assessed at 6 and 12 weeks. Results 51 patients were randomized to SC (34) or control arm (17) in a 2:1 ratio. Twenty-five (49%) patients received A followed by T and the two arms were balanced with respect to this factor. HP rate was significantly higher in SC arm compared to control arm (56.3% vs 0%, P = 0.000004). HR was higher in SC arm compared to control at 6 weeks (89% vs 12%; P < 0.001) and 12 weeks (100% vs 59%, P = 0.0003). Loss of hair at PEP evaluation, which was a quality of life measure, was significantly lower in SC versus control arm (45% vs 82%, P = 0.016). There were no grade 3–4 cold related adverse effects. Conclusions Women with breast cancer receiving A or T chemotherapy receiving SC were significantly more likely to have less than 50% hair loss after CT, superior hair regrowth and improvement in patient reported outcomes, with acceptable tolerance. It merits wider usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bajpai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.
| | - S Kagwade
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - A Chandrasekharan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - S Dandekar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - S Kanan
- Statistician Department, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Y Kembhavi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - J Ghosh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - S D Banavali
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - S Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Seervi M, Sumi S, Chandrasekharan A, Sharma AK, SanthoshKumar TR. Molecular profiling of anastatic cancer cells: potential role of the nuclear export pathway. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:645-661. [PMID: 31147963 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anastasis is newly discovered process by which cells recover from late-stage apoptosis upon removal of a death stimulus. Recent reports suggest that cells may recover, even after the initiation of mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and caspase activation. Here, we specifically studied the reversibility of late-stage apoptosis in cervical (HeLa) and breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cells in relation to the extent of MOMP (limited or widespread). In addition, we explored the molecular factors involved in the anastatic process. METHODS The extent of MOMP was assessed using time lapse confocal microscopic imaging, considering mitochondrial cytochrome c-GFP release as a marker for MOMP. Anastatic cells were generated by specifically recovering late-stage apoptotic (annexin V/PI positive) cervical and breast cancer cells. Molecular signaling events involved in death reversal were assessed using LC-MS/MS and qRT-PCR. Targeted chemical inhibition and shRNA-based gene silencing studies were employed to explore the role of the nuclear export pathway in anastasis and increased oncogenicity. RESULTS Time-lapse imaging of drug-treated Cyt-c-GFP expressing cancer cells revealed cell recovery despite widespread MOMP. A few recovered anastatic cells were noted and these were found to proliferate through a selection-type of survival. They showed increased drug-resistance, migration and invasive potential compared to non-anastatic cancer cells. Network analysis using 49 proteins uniquely expressed in anastatic cells indicated upregulation of nuclear export/import, redox and Ras signaling pathways in both HeLa and MDA-MB-231 anastatic cells, indicating common molecular mechanisms in different cell types. Inhibition of XPO1 significantly reduced the recovery of apoptotic cells and abrogated acquired oncogenic transformation in the anastatic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that cancer cells can revert from apoptosis even after the induction of widespread MOMP. We noted a significant role of the nuclear-export pathway in the anastatic process of cancer cells. Inhibition of anastasis through the nuclear export pathway may be a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting drug-resistance, metastasis and recurrence problems during cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Seervi
- DBT-PU-IPLS, Department of Botany/Biotechnology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar, India.
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, Anand, Gujarat, India.
| | - S Sumi
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Cancer Research Division 1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Abhay K Sharma
- DBT-PU-IPLS, Department of Botany/Biotechnology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - T R SanthoshKumar
- Cancer Research Division 1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Chandrasekharan A, Varadarajan SN, Lekshmi A, Lupitha SS, Darvin P, Chandrasekhar L, Pillai PR, Santhoshkumar TR, Pillai MR. A high-throughput real-time in vitro assay using mitochondrial targeted roGFP for screening of drugs targeting mitochondria. Redox Biol 2018; 20:379-389. [PMID: 30408753 PMCID: PMC6222140 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Most toxic compounds including cancer drugs target mitochondria culminating in its permeabilization. Cancer drug-screening and toxicological testing of compounds require cost-effective and sensitive high-throughput methods to detect mitochondrial damage. Real-time methods for detection of mitochondrial damage are less toxic, allow kinetic measurements with good spatial resolution and are preferred over end-stage assays. Cancer cell lines stably expressing genetically encoded mitochondrial-targeted redox-GFP2 (mt-roGFP) were developed and validated for its suitability as a mitochondrial damage sensor. Diverse imaging platforms and flow-cytometry were utilized for ratiometric analysis of redox changes with known toxic and cancer drugs. Key events of cell death and mitochondrial damage were studied at single-cell level coupled with mt-roGFP. Cells stably expressing mt-roGFP and H2B-mCherry were developed for high-throughput screening (HTS) application. Most cancer drugs while inducing mitochondrial permeabilization trigger mitochondrial-oxidation that can be detected at single-cell level with mt-roGFP. The image-based assay using mt-roGFP outperformed other quantitative methods of apoptosis in ease of screening. Incorporation of H2B-mCherry ensures accurate and complete automated segmentation with excellent Z value. The results substantiate that most cancer drugs and known plant-derived antioxidants trigger cell-death through mitochondrial redox alterations with pronounced ratio change in the mt-roGFP probe. Real-time analysis of mitochondrial oxidation and mitochondrial permeabilization reveal a biphasic ratio change in dying cells, with an initial redox surge before mitochondrial permeabilization followed by a drastic increase in ratio after complete mitochondrial permeabilization. Overall, the results prove that mitochondrial oxidation is a reliable indicator of mitochondrial damage, which can be readily determined in live cells using mt-roGFP employing diverse imaging techniques. The assay described is highly sensitive, easy to adapt to HTS platforms and is a valuable resource for identifying cytotoxic agents that target mitochondria and also for dissecting cell signaling events relevant to redox biology. Mitochondrial oxidation is an universal marker for mitochondrial damage and mitochondrial permeabilization. Ratiometric imaging of mt-roGFP in high-throughput mode allows rapid screening of compounds that target mitochondria. Real-time ratiometric imaging of mt-roGFP and mitochondrial permeabilization reveals a biphasic redox alteration in cells undergoing mitochondrial permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Shankara Narayanan Varadarajan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Asha Lekshmi
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Santhik Subhasingh Lupitha
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Pramod Darvin
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Leena Chandrasekhar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Prakash Rajappan Pillai
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - T R Santhoshkumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India.
| | - M Radhakrishna Pillai
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
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Patil VM, Noronha V, Joshi A, Bhattacharjee A, Goel A, Talreja V, Chandrasekharan A, Pande N, Mandal T, Ramaswamy A, Prabhash K. Influence of Hypothyroidism After Chemoradiation on Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2018; 30:675. [PMID: 30033049 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V M Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - V Noronha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - A Joshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - A Bhattacharjee
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, The Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - A Goel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - V Talreja
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - A Chandrasekharan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - N Pande
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - T Mandal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - A Ramaswamy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - K Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.
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Lekshmi A, Varadarajan SN, Lupitha SS, Nair M, Chandrasekharan A, Santhoshkumar TR. A Real-Time Image-Based Approach to Distinguish and Discriminate Apoptosis from Necrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 75:2.27.1-2.27.16. [PMID: 29512126 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent cell biology studies reveal that a cell can die through multiple pathways via distinct signaling mechanisms. Among these, apoptosis and necrosis are two distinct cell death pathways, and their detection and discrimination is vital in the drug discovery process and in understanding diverse biological processes. Although sensitive assays for apoptosis and necrosis are available, it is extremely difficult to adapt any of these methods to discriminate apoptosis-inducing stimuli from necrosis-inducing stimuli because of the acquisition of secondary necrosis by apoptotic cells when they are not phagocytosed. Essentially, any assay for discriminating apoptosis and necrosis needs to be carried out in real-time kinetic mode. Caspase 3 or 7 activation is observed in the majority of apoptotic cell death. Similarly, the absence of caspase 3/7 activation and cell membrane leakage are the two prominent indicators for necrotic cell death or necroptosis. The programmed form of necrosis, called pyroptosis, is also accompanied by membrane leakage and most often associated with activation of specific caspases such as caspase 1, 4, or 11, but not through caspase 3/7 activation. Here, a robust and sensitive real-time method is described to distinguish and discriminate apoptosis from necrosis. The assay utilizes stable integration of a genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probe for caspase 3/7 activation and the mitochondrion-targeted DsRed to identify necrotic cells. Caspase activation is determined by cleavage of the FRET probe; loss of soluble FRET probe with retention of mitochondrial red fluorescence indicates necrosis. This unit describes an important protocol for the generation of sensor cells expressing both probes, followed by detailed analysis of apoptosis and necrosis by microscopy imaging, confocal imaging, high-throughput imaging, and flow cytometry. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Lekshmi
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Mydhily Nair
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - T R Santhoshkumar
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Talreja V, Patil V, Joshi A, Noronha V, Chandrasekharan A, Dhumal S, Pande N, Turkar S, Shrirangwar S, Mahajan A, Juvrekar S, Bhattacharjee A, Prabhash K. Quality of life without toxicity or symptoms analysis of a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing efficacy of Cabazitaxel versus docetaxel in recurrent Head and Neck Cancer. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx665.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Sharma M, Patil V, Joshi A, Noronha V, Bhattarjee A, Goud S, More S, Ramaswamy A, Karpe A, Pande N, Chandrasekharan A, Goel A, Talreja V, Prabhash K. P2.03-027 Comparative Longitudinal Toxicity Analysis of EGFR Mutated NSCLC Treated with Either Pemetrexed Carboplatin or Gefitinib. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chanana R, Noronha V, Joshi A, Patil V, Dhumal S, Bhattacharya A, Chandrasekharan A, Pande N, Talreja V, Turkar S, Shrirangwar S, Prabhash K. QOL analysis of a phase II randomized controlled clinical trial comparing efficacy of cabazitaxel versus docetaxel as second line or above therapy in recurrent head and neck cancer. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx665.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Indira D, Varadarajan SN, Subhasingh Lupitha S, Lekshmi A, Mathew KA, Chandrasekharan A, Rajappan Pillai P, Pulikkal Kadamberi I, Ramachandran I, Sekar H, Kochucherukkan Gopalakrishnan A, Tr S. Strategies for imaging mitophagy in high-resolution and high-throughput. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 97:1-14. [PMID: 29092745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective autophagic removal of mitochondria called mitophagy is an essential physiological signaling for clearing damaged mitochondria and thus maintains the functional integrity of mitochondria and cells. Defective mitophagy is implicated in several diseases, placing mitophagy as a target for drug development. The identification of key regulators of mitophagy as well as chemical modulators of mitophagy requires sensitive and reliable quantitative approaches. Since mitophagy is a rapidly progressing event and sub-microscopic in nature, live cell image-based detection tools with high spatial and temporal resolution is preferred over end-stage assays. We describe two approaches for measuring mitophagy in mammalian cells using stable cells expressing EGFP-LC3 - Mito-DsRed to mark early phase of mitophagy and Mitochondria-EGFP - LAMP1-RFP stable cells for late events of mitophagy. Both the assays showed good spatial and temporal resolution in wide-field, confocal and super-resolution microscopy with high-throughput adaptable capability. A limited compound screening allowed us to identify a few new mitophagy inducers. Compared to the current mitophagy tools, mito-Keima or mito-QC, the assay described here determines the direct delivery of mitochondrial components to the lysosome in real time mode with accurate quantification if monoclonal cells expressing a homogenous level of both probes are established. Since the assay described here employs real-time imaging approach in a high-throughput mode, the platform can be used both for siRNA screening or compound screening to identify key regulators of mitophagy at decisive stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Indira
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | | | | | - Asha Lekshmi
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Krupa Ann Mathew
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Prakash Rajappan Pillai
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | | | - Indu Ramachandran
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Hari Sekar
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | | | - Santhoshkumar Tr
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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Joshi A, Ramaswamy A, Noronha V, Patil VM, Chandrasekharan A, Goel A, Sahu A, Sable N, Agrawal A, Menon S, Prabhash K. Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in advanced renal cell cancer and validation of Heng criteria. Indian J Cancer 2017; 53:423-428. [PMID: 28244475 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.200662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sorafenib is an established upfront treatment option for metastatic RCC (mRCC). There is no published literature regarding its performance in Indian Patients. We present an analysis of Sorafenib use in our institute and attempt to validate the Heng criteria as a prognostic score in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who received Sorafenib as first line treatment for advanced RCC from June 2012 to December 2015 were prognosticated by Heng criteria and retrospectively analysed for baseline demographics, toxicity, response and outcomes. RESULTS 82 patients (65 males, 17 females) with a median age of 57 years were included for final analysis. Median ECOG PS was 1, 95.2 % of the patients had Stage IV disease and clear cell was the predominant histology (79.4%). 23.2%, 42.7% and 34.1% of patients were classified as low, intermediate and high risk by Heng's criteria, respectively. Dose reduction was required in 24.4% of patients, while 14.6% required permanent cessation of Sorafenib due to intolerable or recurrent side effects. Common adverse events included HFS (68.2%), mucositis (35.3%), fatigue (35.3%), rash (32.9%) and hypertension (25.6%). Response rate observed was 18.2%, while clinical benefit rate was 57.2% in the 57 patients where response was evaluable. Median progression free survival was 7.75 months (5.45-10.05) and median overall survival (OS) was 12.18 months (9.61 - 14.76). Median OS was 19.6, 16.1 and 10.3 months respectively for low, intermediate and high risk patients by Heng criteria and the criteria was statistically discriminatory for the 3 groups for OS (p=0.045, chi-square test). CONCLUSION Sorafenib is a viable upfront treatment option for metastatic RCC in Indian patients with acceptable PFS, although a high incidence of HFS, mucositis and rash is observed. The Heng score has discriminatory value in mRCC with Sorafenib and can be considered for routine use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Joshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Ramaswamy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V Noronha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V M Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Chandrasekharan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Goel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Sahu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Sable
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Agrawal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Menon
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Prabhash K, Patil VM, Noronha V, Joshi A, Agarwala V, Muddu V, Ramaswamy A, Chandrasekharan A, Dhumal S, Juvekar S, Arya A, Bhattacharjee A. Comparison of paclitaxel-cetuximab chemotherapy versus metronomic chemotherapy consisting of methotrexate and celecoxib as palliative chemotherapy in head and neck cancers. Indian J Cancer 2017; 54:20-24. [DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_160_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Patil V, Joshi A, Noronha V, Deodhar J, Bhattacharjee A, Dhumal S, M V C, Karpe A, Talreja V, Chandrasekharan A, Turkar S, Prabhash K. 386P Expectations and preferences for palliative chemotherapy in head and neck cancers patients. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw587.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Patil V, Joshi A, Noronha V, Deodhar J, Bhattacharjee A, Dhumal S, Mv C, Karpe A, Talreja V, Chandrasekharan A, Turkar S, Prabhash K. 386P Expectations and preferences for palliative chemotherapy in head and neck cancers patients. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(21)00544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Batist G, Ramakrishnan G, Rao CS, Chandrasekharan A, Gutheil J, Guthrie T, Shah P, Khojasteh A, Nair MK, Hoelzer K, Tkaczuk K, Park YC, Lee LW. Reduced cardiotoxicity and preserved antitumor efficacy of liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide compared with conventional doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in a randomized, multicenter trial of metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:1444-54. [PMID: 11230490 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2001.19.5.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether Myocet (liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin; The Liposome Company, Elan Corporation, Princeton, NJ) in combination with cyclophosphamide significantly reduces doxorubicin cardiotoxicity while providing comparable antitumor efficacy in first-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred ninety-seven patients with MBC and no prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease were randomized to receive either 60 mg/m(2) of Myocet (M) or conventional doxorubicin (A), in combination with 600 mg/m(2) of cyclophosphamide (C), every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Cardiotoxicity was defined by reductions in left-ventricular ejection fraction, assessed by serial multigated radionuclide angiography scans, or congestive heart failure (CHF). Antitumor efficacy was assessed by objective tumor response rates (World Health Organization criteria), time to progression, and survival. RESULTS Six percent of MC patients versus 21% (including five cases of CHF) of AC patients developed cardiotoxicity (P =.0002). Median cumulative doxorubicin dose at onset was more than 2,220 mg/m(2) for MC versus 480 mg/m(2) for AC (P =.0001, hazard ratio, 5.04). MC patients also experienced less grade 4 neutropenia. Antitumor efficacy of MC versus AC was comparable: objective response rates, 43% versus 43%; median time to progression, 5.1% versus 5.5 months; median time to treatment failure, 4.6 versus 4.4 months; and median survival, 19 versus 16 months. CONCLUSION Myocet improves the therapeutic index of doxorubicin by significantly reducing cardiotoxicity and grade 4 neutropenia and provides comparable antitumor efficacy, when used in combination with cyclophosphamide as first-line therapy for MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Batist
- Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Santhanam S, Kumar H, Sethumadhavan KV, Chandrasekharan A, Jain DC, Malhotra A, Ghosh TK, Weil GJ. Detection of Wuchereria bancrofti antigen in serum and finger prick blood samples by enzyme immunoassay: field evaluation. Trop Med Parasitol 1989; 40:440-4. [PMID: 2696080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have recently reported that a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay for detection of filarial antigen in human serum is sensitive and specific for active infection with Wuchereria bancrofti. The present studies were undertaken to assess the feasibility of testing whole blood collected by finger prick in this assay. A preliminary study was performed to compare antigen test results obtained with whole blood, blood dried on filter paper, and serum. Results obtained with anticoagulated whole blood specimens agrees with serum results in 94 of 97 cases. All whole blood and serum specimens from 28 people with positive microfilaria smears were positive in the test. Filter paper blood specimens were less satisfactory because of decreased sensitivity and specificity. A population-based survey of 1009 persons was conducted in a village near Calicut, India, to evaluate the use of finger prick blood specimens for filarial antigen detection in field studies. Thirty-eight of 39 microfilaria carriers had positive antigen tests. In addition, 10.7% of amicrofilaremic endemic controls had positive tests. Additional studies are needed to test the hypothesis that filarial antigenemia in endemic controls indicates the presence of subclinical infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Santhanam
- Helminthology Division, National Institute of Communicable Disease, Delhi, India
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Jain DC, Chandrasekharan A, Sethumadhavan KV, Johny VM, Cherian C, Ghosh TK. Epidemiology of brugian filariasis in a rural community of Kerala State. J Commun Dis 1989; 21:27-33. [PMID: 2809139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The baseline clinico-parasitological parameters collected during the initial survey and the entomological observations made during the first year as a part of a longitudinal study undertaken in a brugian endemic rural community are presented in this paper. Out of the total (11.604) examined population, 8.1 per cent had microfilaraemia and 7.6 per cent had filarial disease. A highly significant (P less than 0.001) relationship of age was observed with microfilaraemia and the disease. The filarial disease rate showed no significant difference between two sexes while the microfilaria (Mf) rate was significantly (P less than 0.001) higher in males than females. A significant (P less than 0.001) relationship of microfilaraemia as well as of filarial disease was found with the income and the educational status of the individual. The mf and the disease rates did not differ by the family size except those families with 1-3 members. However, the relationship of family size was found to be significant (P less than 0.001) with disease and non-significant (P greater than 0.05) with microfilaraemia. The vectors were prevalent throughout the year but the infection was mostly confined to Mansonia annulifera.
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Chandrasekharan A, Ghosh TK, Jain DC, Thomas TG. Relative role of different types of aquatic plants in the production of Mansonia. J Commun Dis 1988; 20:202-8. [PMID: 2908281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Chandrasekharan A, Kochukrishna Pillai K, Cherian C, Roychowdhury SP, Rao CK. Control of Brugia malayi filariasis with common salt medicated with DEC in some hill-tribe settlements of Kerala. Indian J Med Res 1984; 79:600-3. [PMID: 6510998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Rao CK, Chandrasekharan A, Cherian C. Frequency and duration of acute filarial attacks in persons in Brugia malayi endemic community. Indian J Med Res 1982; 75:813-5. [PMID: 7129551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Rao CK, Sundaram RM, Venkatanarayana M, Rao JS, Chandrasekharan A, Rao CK. Epidemiological studies on bancroftian filariasis in East Godavari District (Andhra Pradesh) : entomological aspects. J Commun Dis 1981; 13:81-91. [PMID: 7045199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Rao CK, Chandrasekharan A, Cherian C, Rao CK, Russel S. Effects of diethylcarbamazine treatment of Brugia malayi microfilaria carriers. Indian J Med Res 1981; 73 Suppl:87-92. [PMID: 7287100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Chandrasekharan A, Balaraman K, Rao CK. Decline in brugian filariasis in hill tribe settlements of Kerala. Indian J Med Res 1981; 73 Suppl:82-6. [PMID: 6116671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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39
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Sahai R, Narasimham MV, Datta A, Chandrasekharan A, Rao CK. Solar eclipse and microfilaraemia. J Commun Dis 1980; 12:161-3. [PMID: 7014700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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40
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Rao CK, Chandrasekharan A, Kaul SM, Narasimham MV, Sharma SP. Relative effectiveness of different methods of control of Brugian filariasis in India. Indian J Med Res 1980; 72:194-202. [PMID: 7228157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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41
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Kaul SM, Chandrasekharan A, Das M, Rao CK. Attempted control of Mansonioides breeding with temephos (abate) and fenthion (baytex) in Kerala. J Commun Dis 1980; 12:42-5. [PMID: 6161153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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