Pillar arene Se nanozyme therapeutic systems with dual drive power effectively penetrated mucus layer combined therapy acute lung injury

Mucous Permeable Nanoparticle for Inducing Cuproptosis-Like Death In Broad-Spectrum Bacteria for Nebulized Treatment of Acute Pneumonia

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has exacerbated the challenge of treating infectious diseases. Quorum sensing (QS), a bacterial communication system regulating virulence and biofilm formation, presents a target for novel therapies. Cuproptosis death is a innovation mode of death, however, this effect may be partially inhibited by glutathione (GSH). Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) is responsible for GSH biosynthesis and has been identified as a potential promoter of cuproptosis death. Here, Cu2O-BSO NPs with lung adhesion and mucus penetration ability are synthesized by incorporating BSO onto Cu2O, and modifying it with DOPA and PEG. Cu2O-BSO NPs demonstrated a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, making it a viable treatment option for MRSA-induced acute pneumonia. Specifically, Cu2O-BSO NPs can synergistically enhance bacterial cuproptosis-like death, hinder the QS system, eradicate biofilms, reduce the virulence of strains, stimulate the chemotaxis and phagocytosis of macrophages, and ultimately improve in mice with severe pneumonia. This research demonstrated the potential of Cu2O-BSO NPs for a wide-ranging antibacterial alternative, providing promise for addressing microbial resistance and combatting biofilm formation. Additionally, it established a target and theoretical foundation for the clinical treatment of numerous challenging cases of acute drug-resistant bacteria.

Dual-driven selenium Janus single-atom nanomotors for autonomous regulating mitochondrial oxygen imbalance to catalytic therapy of rheumatoid arthritis

O2 deficiency and excessive reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in macrophage mitochondria is a key factor causing oxygen imbalance in rheumatoid arthritis microenvironment (RAM). Although nanocatalytic therapy that simultaneously produce O2 and eliminate RONS offer a novel strategy for RA therapy, the therapeutic efficacy of nanozymes is limited by the lack of autonomous targeting into mitochondria. Herein, we constructed a Janus-structured nanomotor (Pd@MSe) with autonomous targeting ability by embedding Pd single-atom nanozymes into mesoporous selenium (MSe) nanozymes, and obtained a composite nanomotor (Pd@MSe-TPP) with dual-driven forces by modifying with triphenylphosphine (TPP) in MSe hemisphere. In RAM, Pd@MSe-TPP nanomotor achieved autonomously target into macrophages mitochondria with the driven of generation O2 and TPP targeting effect, moreover under the single-atom effect of the Pd nanozymes enhanced electronic transfer between nanozymes, which significantly boosted GPx catalytic activity further effectively enhanced the diffusion of Pd@MSe-TPP nanomotor, thus quickly resorted the oxygen balance. Additionally, while regulating oxygen imbalance, Pd@MSe-TPP nanomotor enable rapidly blocked the inflammatory cascade, restored mitochondrial function and alleviated inflammation, further prevented cartilage degradation and effectively inhibited RA progression. Therefore, the exquisitely designed nanoplatform to regulation arthritic microenvironment provides a new direction for the RA therapy and the clinical translation of nanomedicine.

L-Arginine-Modified Selenium Nanozymes Targeting M1 Macrophages for Oral Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis (UC) involves persistent inflammation in the colon and rectum, with excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. This ROS buildup damages colonic epithelial cells and disrupts intestinal flora, worsening disease progression. Current antioxidant therapies are limited due to their instability in the gut and lack of targeting, hindering precise intervention at the lesion site. This study prepares an L-Arginine-modified selenium nanozyme (Se-CA) for the targeted oral treatment of UC. Se-CA specifically targets M1-type macrophages at sites of inflammation by binding to cationic amino acid transporter protein 2 on the surface of M1-type macrophages. In vitro studies show that Se-CA scavenges reactive ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in artificial gastric acid and intestinal fluids, and inhibits iron death in intestinal epithelial cells. In mice model of ulcerative colitis, oral administration of Se-CA is effective in the treatment of colitis through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, inhibition of iron death and regulation of intestinal flora. In conclusion, this work provides new insights into the targeted oral treatment of UC.

Surface different charge ligands for modulating selenium nanoparticles formation and activating the interaction with proteins for effective anti-Herpes simplex virus l infection

Selenium-based nanoparticles exhibit antiviral activity by directly modulating immune function. Despite recent promising developments in utilizing selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) against viral infections, the impact of surface ligand charge on the conformation and interaction with viral proteins, as well as the effectiveness of Se NPs in anti-Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection remains unexplored. In this study, three types of selenium nanoparticles (CTAB-Se, PVP-Se, SDS-Se) with distinct surface charges were synthesized by modifying the surface ligands. We found that apart from differences in surface charge, the size, morphology, and crystal structure of the three types of Se NPs were similar. Notably, although the lipophilicity and cellular uptake of SDS-Se with a negative charge were lower compared to positively charged CTAB-Se and neutrally charged PVP-Se, SDS-Se exhibited the strongest protein binding force during interaction with HSV-1. Consequently, SDS-Se demonstrated the most potent anti-HSV-1 activity and safeguarded normal cells from damage. The mechanistic investigation further revealed that SDS-Se NPs effectively inhibited the proliferation and assembly of HSV-1 by powerfully suppressing the key genes and proteins of HSV-1 at various stages of viral development. Hence, this study highlights the significant role of surface ligand engineering in the antiviral activity of Se NPs, presenting a viable approach for synthesizing Se NPs with tailored antiviral properties by modulating surface charge. This method holds promise for advancing research on the antiviral capabilities of Se NPs.

Biocatalytic Clusterzyme Patches Restore Lung Function via Immunomodulation and Mitochondria Protection

Currently, pulmonary complications such as lung infections during the perioperative period are still the main cause of prolonged hospitalization and death in patients with lung injury due to the lack of effective drugs. Clusterzyme, a kind of artificial enzyme with a high enzyme-like activity and safety profile, exhibits good effects on reducing oxidative stress and immunomodulation. Here, we present the functionalized patches that is administered on the lung airways and rescues the injured organ via clusterzymes. The long-term antioxidant capacity of the patches significantly ameliorated lipopolysaccharide-induced lung function impairment with a significant reduction in lung goblet cell metaplasia and oxidative stress. The inflammatory factors such as cytokines interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels decreased by 50%, while the mtDNA copy number increased by 50% and ATP production increased by 100%. Mice lung function was significantly improved, suggesting that the patches can rescue lung injury by modulating oxidative stress and immune responses as well as protecting the mitochondria, providing an avenue for effective intervention of lung injury.

Dual pH and Ca2+-Responsive PEG-Modified Pillar[5]arene-Based Supramolecular Nanodrug Delivery System: Excellent Cargo Encapsulation and Minimal Drug Toxicity

Chemotherapy is one of the most employed strategies in clinical treatment of cancer. However, reducing medication adverse effects and improving the biological activity remains a significant issue for chemotherapy. We developed a pH and Ca2+-responsive pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular nanodrug delivery system (NDDS) WP5⊃EV@DOX to address the aforementioned challenges. The formation of this NDDS began with the spontaneous formation of supramolecular nanodrug carrier WP5⊃EV in water from PEG-modified pillar[5]arene and the bipyridilium salt derivative EV through simple host-guest interaction. Then the antitumor drug doxorubicin DOX was efficiently loaded with a high encapsulation rate of 84.6 %. Cytotoxicity results indicated that the constructed nanoplatform not only reduced DOX toxicity and side effects on normal cell (293T), but also significantly enhanced the antitumor activity on cancer cell (HepG2). Moreover, in vivo experiments showed that WP5⊃EV@DOX had a longer half-life and higher bioavailability in the blood of mice compared to the nake drug DOX, with increases to 212 % and 179 %, respectively. Therefore, WP5⊃EV@DOX has great potential in tumor therapy and provides a new idea for host-guest drug delivery system.

NIR triggered polydopamine coated cerium dioxide nanozyme for ameliorating acute lung injury via enhanced ROS scavenging

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life threatening disease in critically ill patients, and characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory factors levels in the lung. Multiple evidences suggest that nanozyme with diversified catalytic capabilities plays a vital role in this fatal lung injury. At present, we developed a novel class of polydopamine (PDA) coated cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanozyme (Ce@P) that acts as the potent ROS scavenger for scavenging intracellular ROS and suppressing inflammatory responses against ALI. Herein, we aimed to identify that Ce@P combining with NIR irradiation could further strengthen its ROS scavenging capacity. Specifically, NIR triggered Ce@P exhibited the most potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory behaviors in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced macrophages through decreasing the intracellular ROS levels, down-regulating the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, up-regulating the level of antioxidant cytokine (SOD-2), inducing M2 directional polarization (CD206 up-regulation), and increasing the expression level of HSP70. Besides, we performed intravenous (IV) injection of Ce@P in LPS induced ALI rat model, and found that it significantly accumulated in the lung tissue for 6 h after injection. It was also observed that Ce@P + NIR presented the superior behaviors of decreasing lung inflammation, alleviating diffuse alveolar damage, as well as promoting lung tissue repair. All in all, it has developed the strategy of using Ce@P combining with NIR irradiation for the synergistic enhanced treatment of ALI, which can serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for the clinical treatment of ROS derived diseases as well.

Emerging application of nanomedicine-based therapy in acute respiratory distress syndrome

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are serious lung injuries caused by various factors, leading to increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier, reduced stability of the alveoli, inflammatory response, and hypoxemia. Despite several decades of research since ARDS was first formally described in 1967, reliable clinical treatment options are still lacking. Currently, supportive therapy and mechanical ventilation are prioritized, and there is no medication that can be completely effective in clinical treatment. In recent years, nanomedicine has developed rapidly and has exciting preclinical treatment capabilities. Using a drug delivery system based on nanobiotechnology, local drugs can be continuously released in lung tissue at therapeutic levels, reducing the frequency of administration and improving patient compliance. Furthermore, this novel drug delivery system can target specific sites and reduce systemic side effects. Currently, many nanomedicine treatment options for ARDS have demonstrated efficacy. This review briefly introduces the pathophysiology of ARDS, discusses various research progress on using nanomedicine to treat ARDS, and anticipates future developments in related fields.