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Awada B, Hamie M, El Hajj R, Derbaj G, Najm R, Makhoul P, Ali DH, Abou Fayad AG, El Hajj H. HAS 1: A natural product from soil-isolated Streptomyces species with potent activity against cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1023114. [PMID: 36299890 PMCID: PMC9589300 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1023114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease, classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the most unrestrained diseases. The Syrian war and the significant displacement of refugees aggravated the spread of this ailment into several neighboring countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). In Syria, Leishmania tropica is identified as one of the most aggressive and endemic identified species, causing localized or generalized lesions, often chronic or relapsing. Pentavalent antimonial drugs are currently used as first line treatment against CL. Nonetheless, these drugs exhibit several limitations, including the repetitive painful injections, high cost, poor availability, and mainly systemic toxicity. Besides, the emergence of acquired parasitic resistance hinders their potency, stressing the need for new therapies to combat CL. Natural products (NPs) epitomize a valuable source in drug discovery. NPs are secondary metabolites (SMs) produced by plants, sponges, or a wide variety of organisms, including environmental microorganisms. The EMR is characterized by its immense biodiversity, yet it remains a relatively untapped area in drug discovery. NPs of the region were explored over the last 2 decades, but their discoveries lack biogeographical diversity and are limited to the Red Sea. Here, we isolated previously uncultured environmental soil-dwelling Streptomyces sp. HAS1, from Hasbaya region in southeast Lebanon. When fermented in one of our production media named INA, HAS1 produced a crude extract with significant potency against a clinical Leishmania tropica isolate. Using bio-guided fractionation, the bioactive compound was purified and the structure was elucidated by NMR and LC-HRMS. Our findings establish NPs as strong candidates for treating Leishmania tropica and further dwells on the importance of these natural sources to combat microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassel Awada
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maguy Hamie
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana El Hajj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghada Derbaj
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rania Najm
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Perla Makhoul
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dima Hajj Ali
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Antoine G. Abou Fayad
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- *Correspondence: Antoine G. Abou Fayad, ; Hiba El Hajj,
| | - Hiba El Hajj
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- *Correspondence: Antoine G. Abou Fayad, ; Hiba El Hajj,
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Lorenzo VP, Scotti L, da Silva Almeida JRG, Scotti MT. Annonaceae Family Alkaloids as Agents Against Leishmaniasis: A Review and Molecular Docking Evaluation. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:482-492. [PMID: 32614742 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200702124046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that affects 15 million people worldwide. Existing treatments are associated with limitations, including high costs and toxicity. Several classes of natural substances have been reported to display leishmanicidal activity in the literature. Isoquinoline alkaloids, which are commonly found in the Annonaceae family, represent an important skeleton for the development of anti-leishmaniasis products. This study presents an overview of the potential use of Annonaceae alkaloids to treat leishmaniasis and describes a molecular docking study examining 215 isoquinoline alkaloids. All selected compounds contain a bisbenzyltetrahydroisoquinoline, suggesting the affinity of this skeleton for the target.
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Ullah N, Nadhman A, Siddiq S, Mehwish S, Islam A, Jafri L, Hamayun M. Plants as Antileishmanial Agents: Current Scenario. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1905-1925. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazif Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan; Mardan Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Nadhman
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al Khail Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (SA-CIRBS); International Islamic University; Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Siddiq
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan; Mardan Pakistan
| | - Shaila Mehwish
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan; Mardan Pakistan
| | - Arshad Islam
- Laboratório de Immunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, (NUPEB), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Ouro Preto Minas Gerais 35.400-000 Brazil
| | - Laila Jafri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Bahauddin Zakariya University; Multan Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Abdul Wali Khan University; Mardan Pakistan
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Teles CBG, Moreira-Dill LS, Silva ADA, Facundo VA, de Azevedo WF, da Silva LHP, Motta MCM, Stábeli RG, Silva-Jardim I. A lupane-triterpene isolated from Combretum leprosum Mart. fruit extracts that interferes with the intracellular development of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis in vitro. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:165. [PMID: 26048712 PMCID: PMC4457080 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0681-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3beta,6beta,16beta-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene is a lupane triterpene isolated from Combretum leprosum fruit. The lupane group has been extensively used in studies on anticancer effects; however, its possible activity against protozoa parasites is yet poorly known. The high toxicity of the compounds currently used in leishmaniasis chemotherapy stimulates the investigation of new molecules and drug targets for antileishmanial therapy. METHODS The activity of 3beta,6beta,16beta-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene was evaluated against Leishmania (L.) amazonensis by determining the cytotoxicity of the compound on murine peritoneal macrophages, as well as its effects on parasite survival inside host cells. To evaluate the effect of this compound on intracellular amastigotes, cultures of infected macrophages were treated for 24, 48 and 96 h and the percentage of infected macrophages and the number of intracellular parasites was scored using light microscopy. RESULTS Lupane showed significant activity against the intracellular amastigotes of L. (L.) amazonensis. The treatment with 109 μM for 96 h reduced in 80 % the survival index of parasites in BALB/c peritoneal macrophages. At this concentration, the triterpene caused no cytotoxic effects against mouse peritoneal macrophages. Ultrastructural analyses of L. (L.) amazonensis intracellular amastigotes showed that lupane induced some morphological changes in parasites, such as cytosolic vacuolization, lipid body formation and mitochondrial swelling. Bioinformatic analyses through molecular docking suggest that this lupane has high-affinity binding with DNA topoisomerase. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results have showed that the lupane triterpene from C. leprosum interferes with L. (L.) amazonensis amastigote replication and survival inside vertebrate host cells and bioinformatics analyses strongly indicate that this molecule may be a potential inhibitor of topoisomerase IB. Moreover, this study opens major prospects for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents with leishmanicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bioni Garcia Teles
- Malaria and Leishmaniasis Bioassays platform, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Soares Moreira-Dill
- Center of Studies for Biomolecules Applied to Health (CEBio), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre de Almeida Silva
- Laboratory of Insect Bioecology, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Valdir Alves Facundo
- Research Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Walter F de Azevedo
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, PUC, Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Hildebrando Pereira da Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Research Institute for Tropical Diseases in Rondônia (IPEPATRO), Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Maria Cristina M Motta
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure Hertha Meyer, Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Guerino Stábeli
- Center of Studies for Biomolecules Applied to Health (CEBio), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Izaltina Silva-Jardim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilheús, Bahia, Brazil.
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Chouhan G, Islamuddin M, Want MY, Abdin MZ, Ozbak HA, Hemeg HA, Sahal D, Afrin F. Apoptosis mediated leishmanicidal activity of Azadirachta indica bioactive fractions is accompanied by Th1 immunostimulatory potential and therapeutic cure in vivo. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:183. [PMID: 25884649 PMCID: PMC4381458 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploration of immunomodulatory antileishmanials of plant origin is now being strongly recommended to overcome the immune suppression evident during visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and high cost and toxicity associated with conventional chemotherapeutics. In accordance, we assessed the in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial and immunomodulatory potential of ethanolic fractions of Azadirachta indica leaves (ALE) and seeds (ASE). METHODS A. indica fractions were prepared by sequential extraction of the powdered plant parts in hexane, ethanol and water. Erythrosin B staining was employed to appraise the anti-promastigote potential of ALE and ASE. Cytostatic or cytocidal mode of action was ascertained and alterations in parasite morphology were depicted under oil immersion light microscopy. Study of apoptotic correlates was performed to deduce the mechanism of induced cell death and anti-amastigote potential was assessed in Leishmania parasitized RAW 264.7 macrophages. In vivo antileishmanial effectiveness was evaluated in L. donovani infected BALB/c mice, accompanied by investigation of immunomodulatory potential of ALE and ASE. Adverse toxicity of the bioactive fractions against RAW macrophages was studied by MTT assay. In vivo side effects on the liver and kidney functions were also determined. Plant secondary metabolites present in ALE and ASE were analysed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS ALE and ASE (500 μg ml(-1)) exhibited leishmanicidal activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner (IC₅₀ 34 and 77.66 μg ml(-1), respectively) with alterations in promastigote morphology and induction of apoptosis. ALE and ASE exerted appreciable anti-amastigote potency (IC₅₀ 17.66 and 24.66 μg ml(-1), respectively) that was coupled with profound in vivo therapeutic efficacy (87.76% and 85.54% protection in liver and 85.55% and 83.62% in spleen, respectively). ALE exhibited minimal toxicity with selectivity index of 26.10 whereas ASE was observed to be non-toxic. The bioactive fractions revealed no hepato- and nephro-toxicity. ALE and ASE potentiated Th1-biased cell-mediated immunity along with upregulation of INF-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 and decline in IL-4 and IL-10 levels. GC-MS analysis revealed several compounds that may have contributed to the observed antileishmanial effect. CONCLUSION Dual antileishmanial and immunostimulatory efficacy exhibited by the bioactive fractions merits their use alone or as adjunct therapy for VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Chouhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Mohammad Islamuddin
- Department of Biotechnology, Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Muzamil Y Want
- Department of Biotechnology, Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Malik Z Abdin
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Hani A Ozbak
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box: 344, Universities Road, Medina, 30001, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box: 344, Universities Road, Medina, 30001, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Research Group, International Centre For Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Farhat Afrin
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box: 344, Universities Road, Medina, 30001, Saudi Arabia.
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Hussain H, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Rawahi A, Green IR, Gibbons S. Fruitful decade for antileishmanial compounds from 2002 to late 2011. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10369-428. [PMID: 25253511 DOI: 10.1021/cr400552x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa , P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
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Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the essential oil from leaves of Xylopia laevigata in experimental models. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:816450. [PMID: 25097889 PMCID: PMC4109226 DOI: 10.1155/2014/816450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylopia laevigata (Annonaceae) is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine to treat pain and inflammation. Thus, we investigated the possible antioxidant, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory effects of X. laevigata leaf essential oil (EOX) in animal models. Our EOX sample showed the presence of γ-muurolene (17.78%), δ-cadinene (12.23%), bicyclogermacrene (7.77%), and α-copaene (7.17%) as main compounds. EOX presented a strong antioxidant potential according to the DPPH, TBARS, and nitrite production tests. Additionally, pretreatment with EOX, in mice, also significantly produced (P < 0.05 or P < 0.001) antinociceptive effect by reduction of nociceptive behavior (in formalin and writhing tests). The EOX showed c-Fos label in the olfactory bulb, piriform cortex, and periaqueductal gray. Acute administration of EOX exhibited a significant (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001) anti-inflammatory profile in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis and by the carrageenan-induced hindpaw edema tests in mice. Our results provide evidence for the use of X. laevigata by traditional medicine practitioners in the management of pain and inflammatory disorders.
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LIMA LUCIANAA, ALVES TÂNIAM, ZANI CARLOSL, SALES JÚNIOR POLICARPOA, ROMANHA ALVAROJ, JOHANN SUSANA, CISALPINO PATRÍCIAS, PIMENTA LÚCIAP, BOAVENTURA MARIAAMÉLIAD. In vitro cytotoxic, antifungal, trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities of acetogenins isolated from Annona cornifolia A. St. -Hil. (Annonaceae). AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201420130048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Annona cornifolia A. St. -Hil. is a small annual perennial tree found in the Brazilian savannah; their green fruit is popularly used in the treatment of ulcers. The acetogenins isolated from the seeds of Annona cornifolia previously showed to possess antioxidant activity. In continuation of our investigations on the biological activities of acetogenins, four binary mixtures and ten pure adjacent bis-tetrahydrofuran annonaceous acetogenins were evaluated: the cytotoxic (against three human tumor cell lines), antifungal (against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis), trypanocidal (against Trypanosoma cruzi) and leishmanicidal (against Leishmania amazonensis) activities. Acetogenins presented cytotoxic activity confirming their potential use in anti-cancer therapy. Regarding leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities, an inhibition of 87% of L. amazonensis amastigotes and 100% of T. cruzi amastigotes and trypomastigotes was observed, when tested at the concentration of 20 µg mL–1. Moreover, six acetogenins showed more activity against all the three tested isolates of P. brasiliensis than trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, a drug used for treating paracoccidioidomycosis. Thus, acetogenins may be an alternative in treating a number of diseases that have a huge impact on millions of people worldwide. This paper reports for the first time the antifungal, leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities for these acetogenins.
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Sadeghi-Nejad B, Saki J. Effect of Aqueous Allium cepa and Ixora brachiata Root Extract on Leishmania major Promastigotes. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2014; 9:e15442. [PMID: 24872942 PMCID: PMC4036374 DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-15442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a major worldwide public health problem with about two to three million humans threatened by this disease annually. Allium cepa (onion) is an important dietary vegetable and was used as a herbal medicine for centuries. The root of Ixora brachiata is medicinally important. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-Leishmania effect of the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Ixora brachiata root and aqueous onion extracts on Leishmania major promastigotes. PATIENTS AND METHODS The parasites isolated from cutaneous leishmaniasis were exposed with different concentrations of selected plant extracts and their inhibitory effects on the promastigotes were evaluated after 24 and 48 hours. RESULTS Among tested plant extracts, Ixora brachiata root extracts revealed the best activity against Leishmania major promastigotes with IC100 value of 2.5 mg/mL and IC50 value of 0.078 mg/mL. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that aqueous Allium cepa and Ixora brachiata root extracts as natural products could be used as alternative drugs in treatment of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Sadeghi-Nejad
- Department of Medical Mycology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Jasem Saki
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
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Different susceptibilities of Leishmania spp. promastigotes to the Annona muricata acetogenins annonacinone and corossolone, and the Platymiscium floribundum coumarin scoparone. Exp Parasitol 2012; 133:334-8. [PMID: 23232251 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease that can manifest itself in visceral and cutaneous form. The aim of this study was to search for new leishmanicidal compounds. Preliminarily, Artemia salina assay was applied to compounds from two plants found in Northeastern Brazil, Platymiscium floribundum and Annona muricata. Then these compounds were tested against three Leishmania species (Leishmania donovani, Leishmania mexicana and Leishmania major). A screening assay using luciferase-expressing promastigote form were used to measure the viability of promastigote One coumarin, scoparone, isolated from P. floribundum and two acetogenins, annonacinone and corossolone isolated from A. muricata showed leishmanicidal activity in all species tested. Nevertheless, Leishmania species indicated different susceptibilities in relation to the tested compounds: L. mexicana was more sensitive to scoparone followed by L. major and L. donovani. The three species presented similar inhibition to corossolone and annonacinone. Acetogenin annonacinone (EC(50)=6.72-8.00 μg/mL) indicated high leishmanicidal activity; corossolone (EC(50)=16.14-18.73 μg/mL) and scoparone (EC(50)=9.11-27.51 μg/mL) moderate activity. A. saline larvae were less sensitive to the coumarin scoparone and acetogenin corossolone was the most toxic. In conclusion, the leishmanicidal activity demonstrated by the coumarin and acetogenins indicate these compounds for further studies aiming the development of new leishmanicidal agents.
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Vila-Nova NS, Morais SM, Falcão MJC, Machado LKA, Beviláqua CML, Costa IRS, Brasil NVGPDS, Andrade Júnior HF. Leishmanicidal activity and cytotoxicity of compounds from two Annonacea species cultivated in Northeastern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2012; 44:567-71. [PMID: 22031071 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822011000500007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in 88 countries, with a total of 12 million people infected and 350 million at risk. In the search for new leishmanicidal agents, alkaloids and acetogenins isolated from leaves of Annona squamosa and seeds of Annona muricata were tested against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania chagasi. METHODS Methanol-water (80:20) extracts of A. squamosa leaves and A. muricata seeds were extracted with 10% phosphoric acid and organic solvents to obtain the alkaloid and acetogenin-rich extracts. These extracts were chromatographed on a silica gel column and eluted with a mixture of several solvents in crescent order of polarity. The compounds were identified by spectroscopic analysis. The isolated compounds were tested against Leishmania chagasi, which is responsible for American visceral leishmaniasis, using the MTT test assay. The cytotoxicity assay was evaluated for all isolated compounds, and for this assay, RAW 264.7 cells were used. RESULTS O-methylarmepavine, a benzylisoquinolinic alkaloid, and a C37 trihydroxy adjacent bistetrahydrofuran acetogenin were isolated from A. squamosa, while two acetogenins, annonacinone and corossolone, were isolated from A. muricata. Against promastigotes, the alkaloid showed an IC50 of 23.3 µg/mL, and the acetogenins showed an IC50 ranging from 25.9 to 37.6 µg/mL; in the amastigote assay, the IC50 values ranged from 13.5 to 28.7 µg/mL. The cytotoxicity assay showed results ranging from 43.5 to 79.9 µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS These results characterize A. squamosa and A. muricata as potential sources of leishmanicidal agents. Plants from Annonaceae are rich sources of natural compounds and an important tool in the search for new leishmanicidal therapies.
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Martínez W, Ospina LF, Granados D, Delgado G. In vitrostudies on the relationship between the anti-inflammatory activity ofPhysalis peruvianaextracts and the phagocytic process. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/08923970903143957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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LÓPEZ R, CUCA LE, DELGADO G. Antileishmanial and immunomodulatory activity ofXylopia discreta. Parasite Immunol 2009; 31:623-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wallqvist A, Huang R, Covell DG. Chemoinformatic analysis of NCI preclinical tumor data: evaluating compound efficacy from mouse xenograft data, NCI-60 screening data, and compound descriptors. J Chem Inf Model 2007; 47:1414-27. [PMID: 17555311 DOI: 10.1021/ci700132u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We provide a chemoinformatic examination of the NCI public human tumor xenograft data to explore relationships between small molecules, treatment modality, efficacy, and toxicity. Efficacy endpoints of tumor weight reduction (TW) and survival time increase (ST) compared to tumor bearing control mice were augmented by a toxicity measure, defined as the survival advantage of treated versus control animals (TX). These endpoints were used to define two independent therapeutic indices (TIs) as the ratio of efficacy (TW or ST) to toxicity (TX). Linear models predictive of xenograft endpoints were successfully constructed (0.67 < r(2) < or = 0.74)(observed_versus_predicted) using a model comprised of variables in treatment modality, chemoinformatic descriptors, and in vitro cell growth inhibition in the NCI 60-cell assay. Cross-validation analysis based on randomly chosen training subsets found these predictive correlations to be robust. Model-based sensitivity analysis found chemistry and growth inhibition to provide the best, and treatment modality the worst, indicators of xenograft endpoint. The poor predictive power derived from treatment alone appears to be of less importance to xenograft outcome for compounds having strongly similar chemical and biological features. ROC-based model validation found a 70% positive predictive value for distinguishing FDA approved oncology agents from available xenograft tested compounds. Additional chemoinformatic applications are provided that relate xenograft outcome to biological pathways and putative mechanism of compound action. These results find a strong relationship between xenograft efficacy and pathways comprised of genes having highly correlated mRNA expressions. Our analysis demonstrates that chemoinformatic studies utilizing a combination of xenograft data and in vitro preclinical testing offer an effective means to identify compound classes with superior efficacy and reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Wallqvist
- Laboratory of Computational Technologies, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.
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16
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Osorio E, Arango GJ, Jiménez N, Alzate F, Ruiz G, Gutiérrez D, Paco MA, Giménez A, Robledo S. Antiprotozoal and cytotoxic activities in vitro of Colombian Annonaceae. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 111:630-5. [PMID: 17296281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2006] [Revised: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ethnobotanical and chemotaxonomical studies for antiparasitic activity of Colombian Annonaceae were carried out. In vitro antiprotozoal activity of 36 extracts obtained from six different species was determined against promastigotes of three Leishmania species, epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi and both chloroquine sensitive (F32) and resistant (W2) Plasmodium falciparum. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated in U-937 cells. Active extracts were selected according their selectivity index (SI). Extracts from Annona muricata, Rollinia exsucca, Rollinia pittieri and Xylopia aromatica were active against Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi showing IC50 values lower than 25 microg/ml. Hexane extract from Rollinia pittieri leaves was the most selective against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. (IS=10 and 16, respectively). The extracts from Desmopsis panamensis, Pseudomalmea boyacana, Rollinia exsucca and Rollinia pittieri showed good antiplasmodial activity (IC50 < 10 microg/ml). No correlation between antiplasmodial activity and inhibition of beta-hematin production was found. The present study gives specific and useful information about antiprotozoal and cytotoxic activities of some Annonaceae extracts. Results presented here also demonstrate which plants and/or plant parts could be useful in the treatment of leishmaniasis, Chagas' disease and malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Osorio
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas (GISB), Facultad de Química Farmacéutica, Corporación de Patologías Tropicales, Universidad de Antioquia, A.A. 1226, Medellín, Colombia.
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Passero LFD, Castro AA, Tomokane TY, Kato MJ, Paulinetti TF, Corbett CEP, Laurenti MD. Anti-leishmania activity of semi-purified fraction of Jacaranda puberula leaves. Parasitol Res 2007; 101:677-80. [PMID: 17390147 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The crude methanolic extract from leaves of Jacaranda puberula showed activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. The extract presented active against promastigote forms with an inhibitory concentration 50% (IC(50)) value of 88.0 mug/ml, but only moderated activity against amastigote forms; however in higher concentrations the extract showed cytotoxic effects. The bio-guided chromatographic fractionation the crude methanolic extract against amastigotes yielded a fraction with an IC(50) value of 14.0 mug/ml (without cytotoxic activity) in relation to the crude extract (IC(50) value, 359.0 microg/ml). These data indicate that J. puberula leaves contain active compounds, which should be further investigated for the development of new potential drugs against cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F D Passero
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 0146-903, SP, Brazil.
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Nishi KK, Antony M, Mohanan PV, Anilkumar TV, Loiseau PM, Jayakrishnan A. Amphotericin B-Gum Arabic Conjugates: Synthesis, Toxicity, Bioavailability, and Activities Against Leishmania and Fungi. Pharm Res 2007; 24:971-80. [PMID: 17372682 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-9222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gum arabic, a branched polysaccharide consisting of more than 90% arabinogalactan having a molecular weight around 250,000 Da is the oldest and best known of all natural gums. The objective of the present investigation was to examine whether amphotericin B (AmB), the polyene antibiotic when conjugated to periodate oxidized gum arabic still retained its anti-fungal and anti-leishmanial activity and to evaluate its toxicity and bioavailability. METHODS AmB conjugated to the oxidized polysaccharide through Schiff's linkages in the unreduced (imine) and reduced (amine) forms were characterized for the drug content, hemolytic potential, molecular mass, in vitro release and were examined for anti-fungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans and for anti-leishmanial activity against promastigotes of Leishmania donovani in culture. Toxicity and bioavailability were evaluated by intravenous (i.v) injections of the conjugates in mice and rabbits respectively. RESULTS The conjugates were found to be non-hemolytic and mice withstood a dosage of 20 mg (AmB)/kg body weight of both conjugates. Histological examination of the internal organs of mice showed no lesions in kidney, brain, heart or liver. Estimation of the residual drug in the internal organs 7 days post injection showed that the spleen still retained 8.4 +/- 0.53 microg/g of tissue. AmB was found to be released from both conjugates in vitro although the release from the imine conjugate was much faster than from the amine conjugate. The concentrations inhibiting parasite growth by 50% (IC(50)) values for the imine conjugate against promastigotes of L. donovani LV9 and DD8 strains were 0.37 +/- 0.04 and 1.44 +/- 0.18 microM respectively. The IC(50) values for the amine conjugates were much higher. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against C. albicans and C. neoformans was in the range of 0.5-0.9 microg/mL for both imino and amino conjugates. The bioavailability of the conjugate in rabbits showed that the imine conjugate maintained a plasma concentration in the range of 20 to 5 microg/mL while for the amine conjugate it was in the range of 17 to 3 microg/mL over 24 h. CONCLUSIONS The drug conjugates were stable, non-hemolytic and non-toxic to the internal organs of the animal and showed good anti-fungal and anti-leishmanial activity in vitro. In spite of the large molecular weight of the polysaccharide, AmB from the conjugates showed bioavailability after i.v injection. Since the highest concentration of AmB was found in the spleen after a single injection, these conjugates may have potential in anti-leishmanial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Nishi
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Satelmond Palace Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695 012, India
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Mesquita MLD, Desrivot J, Bories C, Fournet A, Paula JED, Grellier P, Espindola LS. Antileishmanial and trypanocidal activity of Brazilian Cerrado plants. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2006; 100:783-7. [PMID: 16419337 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762005000700019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The side effects and the emerging resistance to the available drugs against leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis led to the urgent need for new therapeutic agents against these diseases. Thirty one extracts of thirteen medicinal plants from the Brazilian Cerrado were therefore evaluated in vitro for their antiprotozoal activity against promastigotes of Leishmania donovani, and amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Among the selected plants, Casearia sylvestris var. lingua was the most active against both L. donovani and T. cruzi. Fifteen extracts were active against promastigotes of L. donovani with concentrations inhibiting 50% of parasite growth (IC50) between 0.1-10 microg/ml, particularly those of Annona crassiflora (Annonaceae), Himatanthus obovatus (Apocynaceae), Guarea kunthiana (Meliaceae), Cupania vernalis (Sapindaceae), and Serjania lethalis (Sapindaceae). With regard to amastigotes of T. cruzi, extracts of A. crassiflora, Duguetia furfuracea (Annonaceae), and C. sylvestris var. lingua were active with IC50 values between 0.3-10 microg/ml. Bioassay fractionations of the more active extracts are under progress to identify the active antiparasite compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Laundry de Mesquita
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Peyron C, Benhida R, Bories C, Loiseau PM. Synthesis and in vitro antileishmanial activity of 5-substituted-2′-deoxyuridine derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2005; 33:439-47. [PMID: 16168460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2005.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2005] [Revised: 06/29/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the synthesis and the in vitro antileishmanial evaluation of 5-substituted-2'-deoxyuridine nucleosides. The most active compound against Leishmania donovani promastigotes was Thia-dU (3a) with an IC50 =3 microM. This compound exhibited the same activity as zidovudine (3'-azido-2'-deoxythymidine) used as nucleoside reference compound. Considering the cytotoxicity of synthetic compounds on peritoneal murine macrophages, the most toxic compound was MeThio-dU (3d) with a MTC at 10 microM. Only Methia-dU (3b) was active against intramacrophagic amastigotes with an IC50 =6.5 microM. This latter can now be evaluated in vivo, for further investigations through structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Peyron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique UMR-CNRS 6001, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose F-06108, Nice Cédex 2, France
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