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Jiang X, Lin Y, Zhao M, Li Y, Ye P, Pei R, Lu Y, Jiang L. Platycodin D induces apoptotic cell death through PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways and synergizes with venetoclax in acute myeloid leukemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175957. [PMID: 37541375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous and rapidly progressive hematopoietic neoplasm characterized by frequent relapses and variable prognoses. The development of new treatment options, therefore, is of crucial importance. Platycodin D (PD) is a triterpenoid saponin, extracted from the roots of the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC., which has been reported to exhibit therapeutic potential against a broad range of cancers. Although the effects of PD on AML remain unclear, in the present study, we observed a concentration-dependent reduction in the viability of multiple human AML cell lines in response to treatment with PD. In addition to triggering mitochondria-dependent apoptosis via the upregulation of BAK and BIM, treatment with PD also induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Western blot analyses revealed marked suppression of the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), glycogen synthase kinase-3β, ribosomal protein S6, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) by PD, in turn implying the participation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK pathways. Pre-incubation with LY294002, MK2206, AR-A014418, or U0126 was consistently found to significantly aggravate PD-induced inhibition of viability. Additionally, PD combined with the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) inhibitor venetoclax elicited synergistically enhanced cytotoxic effects. The anti-leukemic activity of PD was further validated using primary samples from de novo AML patients. Given the results of the present study, PD may be a potent therapeutic candidate for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Department of Pathology and Pathogenic Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Institute of Hematology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of Pathology and Pathogenic Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Mengting Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Pathogenic Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Youhong Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Department of Pathology and Pathogenic Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Institute of Hematology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Peipei Ye
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Institute of Hematology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Renzhi Pei
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Institute of Hematology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Institute of Hematology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Department of Pathology and Pathogenic Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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Jeong K, Je J, Dusabimana T, Kim H, Park SW. Early Growth Response 1 Contributes to Renal IR Injury by Inducing Proximal Tubular Cell Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14295. [PMID: 37762598 PMCID: PMC10532368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) causes acute kidney injury due to oxidative stress, tubular inflammation, and apoptosis. Early growth response 1 (Egr-1) is a transcription factor belonging to the immediate early gene family and is known to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Egr-1 expression is induced during renal IR; however, its pathogenic role and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated the function of Egr-1 during renal IR using C57BL/6 mice and cultured renal proximal tubular HK-2 cells. Egr-1 expression increased immediately, 1-4 h after IR, whereas plasma creatinine and oxidative stress increased progressively over 24 h after IR. Egr-1 overexpression showed greater increases in plasma creatinine, renal tubular injury, and apoptosis than in the control after IR. Egr-1 overexpression also showed significant neutrophil infiltration and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, MIP-2, and IL-6) after IR. Consistently, proximal tubular HK-2 cells showed immediate induction of Egr-1 at 1 h after hypoxia and reoxygenation, where its downstream target, p53, was also increased. Interestingly, Egr-1 overexpression enhanced p53 levels and tubular apoptosis, while the knockdown of Egr-1 reduced p53 levels and tubular apoptosis after H2O2 treatment. Egr-1 was recruited to the p53 promoter, which activates p53 transcription, and Egr-1 induction occurred through Erk/JNK signaling kinases, as the specific inhibitors blocked its expression. Taken together, these results show that Egr-1 is upregulated in proximal tubular cells and contributes to renal IR injury by inducing tubular apoptosis, mediated by p53 transcriptional activation. Thus, Egr-1 could be a potential therapeutic target for renal IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.D.)
- Antiaging Bio Cell Factory-Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.D.)
- Antiaging Bio Cell Factory-Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.D.)
- Antiaging Bio Cell Factory-Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.D.)
- Antiaging Bio Cell Factory-Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
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Ku JM, Kim MJ, Choi YJ, Lee SY, Im JY, Jo YK, Yoon S, Kim JH, Cha JW, Shin YC, Ko SG. JI017 Induces Cell Autophagy and Apoptosis via Elevated Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087528. [PMID: 37108692 PMCID: PMC10145189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and a leading cause of cancer-related death in the worldwide. Various anticancer drugs, such as cisplatin and pemetrexed, have been developed for lung cancer treatment but due their drug resistance and side effects, novel treatments need to be developed. In this study, the efficacy of the natural drug JI017, which is known to have few side effects, was tested in lung cancer cells. JI017 inhibited A549, H460, and H1299 cell proliferation. JI017 induced apoptosis, regulated apoptotic molecules, and inhibited colony formation. Additionally, JI017 increased intracellular ROS generation. JI017 downregulated PI3K, AKT, and mTOR expression. JI017 increased the cytosolic accumulation of LC3. We found that JI017 promoted apoptosis through ROS-induced autophagy. Additionally, the xenograft tumor size was smaller in JI017-treated mice. We found that JI017 treatment increased MDA concentrations, decreased Ki-67 protein levels, and increased cleaved caspase-3 and LC3 levels in vivo. JI017 decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis by inducing autophagy signaling in H460 and H1299 lung cancer cells. Targeting JI017 and autophagy signaling could be useful in lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Mo Ku
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jeong Choi
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeong Im
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kyu Jo
- Department of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Yoon
- Department of Applied Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Won Cha
- Department of Applied Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Cheol Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Liu P, Zhao M, Lin Y, Jiang X, Xia T, Li Y, Lu Y, Jiang L. Platycodin D induces proliferation inhibition and mitochondrial apoptosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Exp Hematol 2023:S0301-472X(23)00160-1. [PMID: 37085039 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have unsatisfactory outcomes especially when relapse occurs after initial chemotherapy. Platycodin D (PD), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC., has demonstrated potent anti-cancer activities. So far, however, information regarding the effect of PD on malignant lymphoma remains unavailable. In the present study, we showed that PD dose-dependently inhibited the viability of a serial of established DLBCL cell lines representing different molecular subtypes, and their sensitivities to PD were comparable. Mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent intrinsic apoptosis were induced by PD, as indicated by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the increase in the percentage of Annexin Ⅴ positive cells. Mechanistically, PD treatment downregulated expression levels of anti-apoptotic proteins including MCL-1, BCL-2, and BCL-XL, while upregulated the expression level of pro-apoptotic protein BAK, followed by the cleavage of PARP. Moreover, PD synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax. In a SUDHL-4-derived xenograft mouse model, PD administration significantly constrained the tumor growth without obvious side effects. Therefore, our results provided new insights into the role of PD in lymphoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengting Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Pathogenic Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of Pathology and Pathogenic Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathogenic Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China;; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianhao Xia
- Ningbo Institute of Measurement and Testing (Ningbo Inspection and Testing Center for New Materials), Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youhong Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathogenic Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China;; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathogenic Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China;; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China;.
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Hassab LY, Abbas SS, Mohammed RA, Abdallah DM. Dimethyl fumarate abrogates striatal endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimentally induced late-stage Huntington’s disease: Focus on the IRE1α/JNK and PERK/CHOP trajectories. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1133863. [PMID: 37056990 PMCID: PMC10088517 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1133863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is FDA-approved for use in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis, and it processes neuroprotection in several experimental settings; however, its impact on combating Huntington’s disease (HD) remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the role of DMF post-treatment on HD mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in a selective striatal degeneration HD model.Methods: Rats, exposed to 3-nitropropionic acid, were either left untreated or post-treated with DMF for 14 days.Results and Discussion: DMF reduced locomotion deficits in both the open field and beam walk paradigms, boosted the striatal dopamine (DA) content, improved its architecture at the microscopic level, and hindered astrogliosis. Mechanistically, DMF limited the activation of two of the ER stress arms in the striatum by reducing p-IRE1α, p-JNK, and p-PERK protein expressions besides the CHOP/GADD153 content. Downstream from both ER stress arms’ suppression, DMF inhibited the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, as shown by the decrease in Bax and active caspase-3 while raising Bcl-2. DMF also decreased oxidative stress markers indicated by a decline in both reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde while boosting glutathione. Meanwhile, it enhanced p-AKT to activate /phosphorylate mTOR and stimulate the CREB/BDNF/TrkB trajectory, which, in a positive feedforward loop, activates AKT again. DMF also downregulated the expression of miRNA-634, which negatively regulates AKT, to foster survival kinase activation.Conclusion: This study features a focal novel point on the DMF therapeutic ability to reduce HD motor manifestations via its ability to enhance DA and suppress the IRE1α/JNK and PERK/CHOP/GADD153 hubs to inhibit the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway through activating the AKT/mTOR and BDNF/TrkB/AKT/CREB signaling pathways and abating miRNA-634 and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Y. Hassab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samah S. Abbas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham A. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalaal M. Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Dalaal M. Abdallah,
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Shin KC, Oh DK. Biotransformation of Platycosides, Saponins from Balloon Flower Root, into Bioactive Deglycosylated Platycosides. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020327. [PMID: 36829886 PMCID: PMC9952785 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Platycosides, saponins from balloon flower root (Platycodi radix), have diverse health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tussive, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, and whitening activities. Deglycosylated platycosides, which show greater biological effects than glycosylated platycosides, are produced by the hydrolysis of glycoside moieties in glycosylated platycosides. In this review, platycosides are classified according to the chemical structures of the aglycone sapogenins and also divided into natural platycosides, including major, minor, and rare platycosides, depending on the content in Platycodi radix extract and biotransformed platycosides. The biological activities of platycosides are summarized and methods for deglycosylation of saponins, including physical, chemical, and biological methods, are introduced. The biotransformation of glycosylated platycosides into deglycosylated platycosides was described based on the hydrolytic pathways of glycosides, substrate specificity of glycosidases, and specific productivities of deglycosylated platycosides. Methods for producing diverse and/or new deglycosylated platycosides are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Chul Shin
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Youden B, Jiang R, Carrier AJ, Servos MR, Zhang X. A Nanomedicine Structure-Activity Framework for Research, Development, and Regulation of Future Cancer Therapies. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17497-17551. [PMID: 36322785 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite their clinical success in drug delivery applications, the potential of theranostic nanomedicines is hampered by mechanistic uncertainty and a lack of science-informed regulatory guidance. Both the therapeutic efficacy and the toxicity of nanoformulations are tightly controlled by the complex interplay of the nanoparticle's physicochemical properties and the individual patient/tumor biology; however, it can be difficult to correlate such information with observed outcomes. Additionally, as nanomedicine research attempts to gradually move away from large-scale animal testing, the need for computer-assisted solutions for evaluation will increase. Such models will depend on a clear understanding of structure-activity relationships. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the field of cancer nanomedicine and provides a knowledge framework and foundational interaction maps that can facilitate future research, assessments, and regulation. By forming three complementary maps profiling nanobio interactions and pathways at different levels of biological complexity, a clear picture of a nanoparticle's journey through the body and the therapeutic and adverse consequences of each potential interaction are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Youden
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Runqing Jiang
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Kitchener, Ontario N2G 1G3, Canada
| | - Andrew J Carrier
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Mark R Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
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She YY, Lin JJ, Su JH, Chang TS, Wu YJ. 4-Carbomethoxyl-10-Epigyrosanoldie E Extracted from Cultured Soft Coral Sinularia sandensis Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy via ROS and Mitochondrial Dysfunction and ER Stress in Oral Cancer Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3017807. [PMID: 36275891 PMCID: PMC9584738 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3017807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a malignant neoplasia that is more common in Asian than other regions, and men are at higher risk than women. Currently, clinical treatment for oral cancer consists of radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy. Therefore, it is important to find a drug that can inhibit the growth of cancer cells more effectively and safely. In this study, we examined the cytotoxicity of 4-carbomethoxyl-10-epigyrosanoldie E extracted from cultured soft coral Sinularia sandensis towards oral cancer cells. MTT cell proliferation and colony formation assays were used to evaluate cell survival, and immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were employed to analyze the effects of 4-carbomethoxyl-10-epigyrosanoldie E on apoptosis and autophagy. 4-Carbomethoxyl-10-epigyrosanoldie E treatment also induced the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are associated with 4-carbomethoxyl-10-epigyrosanoldie E-induced cell death. In addition, the 4-carbomethoxyl-10-epigyrosanoldie E-induced antiproliferation effects on Ca9-22 and Cal-27 cells were associated with the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, activation of proapoptotic proteins (such as caspase-3/-9, Bax, and Bad), and inhibition of antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and Mcl-1). 4-Carbomethoxyl-10-epigyrosanoldie E treatment also triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to activation of the PERK/elF2α/ATF4/CHOP apoptotic pathway. Moreover, increased expressions of Beclin-1, Atg3, Atg5, Atg7, Atg12, Atg 16, LC3-I, and LC3-II proteins indicated that 4-carbomethoxyl-10-epigyrosanoldie E triggered autophagy in oral cancer cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that 4-carbomethoxyl-10-epigyrosanoldie E suppressed human oral cancer cell proliferation and should be further investigated with regard to its potential use as a chemotherapy drug for the treatment of human oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ying She
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Jie Lin
- Yu Jun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shou Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Yu Jun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
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Yang P, Li X, Wen Q, Zhao X. Quercetin attenuates the proliferation of arsenic-related lung cancer cells via a caspase-dependent DNA damage signaling. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:655-663. [PMID: 35436022 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic (As) mainly through contaminated drinking water enhances the lung tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. The carcinogenic effect of As is due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage, and interference with DNA repair machinery. Herein, we investigated the potential therapeutic function of quercetin on As-treated lung cancer cells. Quercetin is a natural product with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties. We showed that quercetin induced cell death in the As-exposed lung cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Quercetin was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation of the As-treated cells over a period of 5 weeks. In addition, quercetin induced ROS-mediated DNA double-strand breaks in the As-treated lung cancer cells. We also showed that ROS generation induced by quercetin activated caspase-3 to a sufficient level to induce DNA damage but insufficient to induce death in As-treated lung cancer cells. Moreover, transient activation of caspase-2 was detected in quercetin- and As-cotreated cells. The flow cytometry-based cell cycle analysis showed that the antiproliferative function of quercetin was mediated by S-phase cell cycle arrest, which was associated with upregulation of the Ataxia Telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), but not ATM and RAD3-related. In conclusion, quercetin synergized the As-driven ROS generation and DNA damage, and induced the S-phase arrest, thus inhibiting the proliferation of As-exposed lung cancer cells. This data suggested that quercetin is an alternative reagent to chemo-drugs to prevent the growth of As-exposed lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinghui Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaan Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Natural Products for Cancer Therapy: A Review of Their Mechanism of Actions and Toxicity in the Past Decade. J Trop Med 2022; 2022:5794350. [PMID: 35309872 PMCID: PMC8933079 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5794350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ethnopharmacological information gathered over many centuries and the presence of diverse metabolites have made the medicinal plants as the prime source of drugs. Despite the positive attributes of natural products, there are many questions pertaining to their mechanism of actions and molecular targets that impede their development as therapeutic agents. One of the major challenges in cancer research is the toxicity exerted by investigational agents towards the host. An understanding of their molecular targets, underlying mechanisms can reveal their anticancer efficacy, help in optimal therapeutic dose selection, to mitigate their side effects and toxicity towards the host. The purpose of this review is to collate details on natural products that are recently been investigated extensively in the past decade for their anticancer potential. Besides, critical analysis of their molecular targets and underlying mechanisms on multiple cancer cell lines, an in-depth probe of their toxicological screening on rodent models is outlined as well to observe the prevalence of their toxicity towards host. This review can provide valuable insights for researchers in developing methods, strategies during preclinical and clinical evaluation of anticancer candidates.
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Nalçaoğlu A, Sarı C, Değirmencioğlu İ, Eyüpoğlu FC. Novel piperazine-substituted silicon phthalocyanines exert anti-cancer effects against breast cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 37:102734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Tan W, Pan T, Wang S, Li P, Men Y, Tan R, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Immunometabolism modulation, a new trick of edible and medicinal plants in cancer treatment. Food Chem 2021; 376:131860. [PMID: 34971892 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The edible and medicinal plants (EMPs) are becoming an abundant source for cancer prevention and treatment since the natural and healthy trend for modern human beings. Currently, there are more than one hundred species of EMPs widely used and listed by the national health commission of China, and most of them indicate immune or metabolic regulation potential in cancer treatment with numerous studies over the past two decades. In the present review, we focused on the metabolic influence in immunocytes and tumor microenvironment, including immune response, immunosuppressive factors and cancer cells, discussing the immunometabolic potential of EMPs in cancer treatment. There are more than five hundred references collected and analyzed through retrieving pharmacological studies deposited in PubMed by medical subject headings and the corresponding names derived from pharmacopoeia of China as a sole criterion. Finally, the immunometabolism modulation of EMPs was sketch out implying an immunometabolic control in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Tingrui Pan
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Yongfan Men
- Research Laboratory of Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Rui Tan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.
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13
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Induction of Apoptosis in HeLa Cells by a Novel Peptide from Fruiting Bodies of Morchella importuna via the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5563367. [PMID: 34394384 PMCID: PMC8360738 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5563367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Morels (Morchella spp.) are a genus of edible fungi with important economic and medicinal value. In this study, a novel peptide (MIPP) was extracted from the fruiting bodies of Morchella importuna using gel filtration chromatography. Structural analysis showed that the molecular mass of MIPP is 831 Da, and it has a simple amino acid sequence: Ser-Leu-Ser-Leu-Ser-Val-Ala-Arg. To explore the antitumor activity of MIPP, the effect of MIPP on HeLa cell apoptosis and the underlying preventative mechanisms were investigated. Results showed that MIPP reduced the viability of HeLa cells in a concentration-dependent manner. TUNEL analysis and flow cytometric examination showed that MIPP decreased cell proliferation via a mitochondrial-dependent pathway, as manifested by downregulation of Bcl-2/Bax, promotion of the movement of cytochrome C from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, and triggering of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Therefore, MIPP may be a promising tumor-preventive agent, especially in human cervical cancer.
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14
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Baek SJ, Hammock BD, Hwang IK, Li Q, Moustaid-Moussa N, Park Y, Safe S, Suh N, Yi SS, Zeldin DC, Zhong Q, Bradbury JA, Edin ML, Graves JP, Jung HY, Jung YH, Kim MB, Kim W, Lee J, Li H, Moon JS, Yoo ID, Yue Y, Lee JY, Han HJ. Natural Products in the Prevention of Metabolic Diseases: Lessons Learned from the 20th KAST Frontier Scientists Workshop. Nutrients 2021; 13:1881. [PMID: 34072678 PMCID: PMC8227583 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic and chronic diseases including cancer, obesity, inflammation-related diseases sharply increased in the 21st century. Major underlying causes for these diseases are inflammation and oxidative stress. Accordingly, natural products and their bioactive components are obvious therapeutic agents for these diseases, given their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Research in this area has been significantly expanded to include chemical identification of these compounds using advanced analytical techniques, determining their mechanism of action, food fortification and supplement development, and enhancing their bioavailability and bioactivity using nanotechnology. These timely topics were discussed at the 20th Frontier Scientists Workshop sponsored by the Korean Academy of Science and Technology, held at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 23 November 2019. Scientists from South Korea and the U.S. shared their recent research under the overarching theme of Bioactive Compounds, Nanoparticles, and Disease Prevention. This review summarizes presentations at the workshop to provide current knowledge of the role of natural products in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung J. Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - In-Koo Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Qingxiao Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (Y.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Sun-Shin Yi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (S.-S.Y.); (J.-S.M.); (I.-D.Y.)
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Qixin Zhong
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Jennifer Alyce Bradbury
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Matthew L. Edin
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Joan P. Graves
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Hyo-Young Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Young-Hyun Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Woosuk Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaehak Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Hong Li
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Jong-Seok Moon
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (S.-S.Y.); (J.-S.M.); (I.-D.Y.)
| | - Ik-Dong Yoo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (S.-S.Y.); (J.-S.M.); (I.-D.Y.)
| | - Yiren Yue
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (Y.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Ho-Jae Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
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15
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Shin KC, Kil TG, Lee TE, Oh DK. Production of Bioactive Deapiosylated Platycosides from Glycosylated Platycosides in Balloon Flower Root Using the Crude Enzyme from the Food-Available Fungus Rhizopus oryzae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4766-4777. [PMID: 33852306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extract from balloon flower root (Platycodi radix) containing platycosides as saponins is a beneficial food additive and is used for their savory taste and the alleviation of respiratory diseases. Deglycosylated platycosides show greater pharmacological effects than glycosylated platycosides. However, there are no reports on the conversion of glycosylated platycosides into deapiosylated platycosides. In this study, we showed that the crude enzyme from Rhizopus oryzae, a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) fungus isolated from meju (fermented soybean brick), completely converted glycosylated platycosides in Platycodi radix extract into deapiosylated platycosides: deapiosylated platycodin D (deapi-PD), deapiosylated platycodin A (deapi-PA), deapiosylated polygalacin D (deapi-PGD), and deapiosylated platyconic acid A (deapi-PCA). Among these, deapi-PA and deapi-PCA were first identified using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of deapiosylated platycosides were greater than those of the precursor glycosylated platycosides. These deapiosylated platycosides could improve the properties of functional food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Chul Shin
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Geun Kil
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Eui Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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16
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Lee S, Han EH, Lim MK, Lee SH, Yu HJ, Lim YH, Kang S. Fermented Platycodon grandiflorum Extracts Relieve Airway Inflammation and Cough Reflex Sensitivity In Vivo. J Med Food 2020; 23:1060-1069. [PMID: 32758004 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) has been extensively utilized as an herb to relieve phlegm. In this study, the effects of PG root extracts on airway inflammation and cough reflex were investigated, especially using fermented PG extracts (FPE) to increase an active compound, platycodin D by fermentation. FPE significantly reduced the numbers of eosinophils and total cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained from lipopolysaccharide/ovalbumin (LPS/OVA)-induced asthma mice versus those of vehicle control. Moreover, in the BALF and the serum, FPE significantly reduced the concentration of IL-17E, a proinflammatory cytokine that causes TH2 immunity, including eosinophil amplification. It was also demonstrated that FPE might relieve inflammations through histological analysis of the lung separated from each mouse. Furthermore, in cough reflex guinea pigs induced by citric acid treatment, FPE treatment significantly reduced the number of coughs versus that of vehicle control, and consequently decreased cough reflex sensitivity. In addition, the total cell number and eosinophils significantly decreased in the BALF obtained from each guinea pig versus that of vehicle control. In in vitro study, pretreatment with FPE in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells significantly reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS). Therefore, we demonstrated that FPE relieved airway inflammation and cough reflex sensitivity in vivo, and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects through suppression of iNOS and several proinflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that FPE might have a beneficial effect on respiratory health, and may be useful as a functional food to prevent respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Research & Development, Koreaeundan Healthcare Co. Ltd., Ansan, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Han
- Department of Research & Development, Koreaeundan Healthcare Co. Ltd., Ansan, Gyeonggido, Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lim
- Department of Research & Development, Koreaeundan Co., Seongnam, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Department of Research & Development, Koreaeundan Healthcare Co. Ltd., Ansan, Gyeonggido, Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heui Jong Yu
- Research & Development Center, SKbioland Co., Ltd., Ansan, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Young Hee Lim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seongman Kang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Oxidative resistance of leukemic stem cells and oxidative damage to hematopoietic stem cells under pro-oxidative therapy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:291. [PMID: 32341354 PMCID: PMC7184730 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are both dependent on the hypoxic bone marrow (BM) microenvironment (also known as the BM niche). There is always fierce competition between the two types of cells, and the former exhibits a greater competitive advantage than the latter via multiple mechanisms. Under hypoxia, the dynamic balance between the generation and clearing of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) is conducive to maintaining a quiescent state of cells. Quiescent LSCs can reside well in the BM niche, avoiding attack by chemotherapeutic agents, which is the cause of chemotherapeutic resistance and relapse in leukemia. HSCs acquire energy mainly through anaerobic glycolysis, whereas LSCs achieve energy metabolism largely through mitochondrial oxidative respiration. Mitochondria are the primary site of ROS generation. Thus, in theory, mitochondria-mediated respiration will cause an increase in ROS generation in LSCs and a higher intracellular oxidative stress level. The sensitivity of the cells to pro-oxidant drugs increases as well, which allows for the selective clearing of LSCs by pro-oxidative therapy. However, HSCs are also highly sensitive to changes in ROS levels, and the toxic effects of pro-oxidant drugs on HSCs poses a major challenge to pro-oxidative therapy in leukemia. Given the above facts, we reviewed studies on the oxidative resistance of LSCs and the oxidative damage to HSCs under pro-oxidative therapy. An in-depth investigation into the oxidative stress status and regulatory mechanisms of LSCs and HSCs in hypoxic environments will promote our understanding of the survival strategy employed by LSCs and the mechanism of the oxidative damage to HSCs in the BM niche, thus facilitating individualized treatment of leukemia patients and helping eliminate LSCs without disturbing normal hematopoietic cells.
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18
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Guedes APM, Mello-Andrade F, Pires WC, de Sousa MAM, da Silva PFF, de Camargo MS, Gemeiner H, Amauri MA, Gomes Cardoso C, de Melo Reis PR, Silveira-Lacerda EDP, Batista AA. Heterobimetallic Ru(ii)/Fe(ii) complexes as potent anticancer agents against breast cancer cells, inducing apoptosis through multiple targets. Metallomics 2020; 12:547-561. [PMID: 32108850 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00272c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimetastatic activity, high selectivity and cytotoxicity for human tumor cell lines make ruthenium(ii) complexes attractive for the development of new chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment. In this study, cytotoxic activities and the possible mechanism of cell death induced by three ruthenium complexes were evaluated, [Ru(MIm)(bipy)(dppf)]PF6 (1), [RuCl(Im)(bipy)(dppf)]PF6 (2) and [Ru(tzdt)(bipy)(dppf)]PF6 (3). The results showed high cytotoxicity and selectivity indexes for the human triple-negative breast tumor cell line (MDA-MB-231) with IC50 value and selectivity index for complex 1 (IC50 = 0.33 ± 0.03 μM, SI = 4.48), complex 2 (IC50 = 0.80 ± 0.06 μM, SI = 2.31) and complex 3 (IC50 = 0.48 ± 0.02 μM, SI = 3.87). The mechanism of cell death induced in MDA-MB-231 cells, after treatment with complexes 1-3, indicated apoptosis of the cells as a consequence of the increase in the percentage of cells in the Sub-G1 phase in the cell cycle analysis, characteristic morphological changes and the presence of apoptotic cells labeled with Annexin-V. Multiple targets of action were identified for complexes 1 and 3 with an induction of DNA damage in cells treated with complexes 1 and 3, mitochondrial depolarization with a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in reactive oxygen species levels and increased expression levels of caspase 3 and p53. In addition, antimetastatic activities for complexes 1 and 3 were observed by inhibition of cell migration by the wound healing assay and Boyden chamber assay, as well as inhibition of angiogenesis caused by MDA-MB-231 tumor cells in the CAM model.
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19
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Khan T, Ali M, Khan A, Nisar P, Jan SA, Afridi S, Shinwari ZK. Anticancer Plants: A Review of the Active Phytochemicals, Applications in Animal Models, and Regulatory Aspects. Biomolecules 2019; 10:E47. [PMID: 31892257 PMCID: PMC7022400 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising burden of cancer worldwide calls for an alternative treatment solution. Herbal medicine provides a very feasible alternative to western medicine against cancer. This article reviews the selected plant species with active phytochemicals, the animal models used for these studies, and their regulatory aspects. This study is based on a meticulous literature review conducted through the search of relevant keywords in databases, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Twenty plants were selected based on defined selection criteria for their potent anticancer compounds. The detailed analysis of the research studies revealed that plants play an indispensable role in fighting different cancers such as breast, stomach, oral, colon, lung, hepatic, cervical, and blood cancer cell lines. The in vitro studies showed cancer cell inhibition through DNA damage and activation of apoptosis-inducing enzymes by the secondary metabolites in the plant extracts. Studies that reported in vivo activities of these plants showed remarkable results in the inhibition of cancer in animal models. Further studies should be performed on exploring more plants, their active compounds, and the mechanism of anticancer actions for use as standard herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (P.N.); (S.A.); (Z.K.S.)
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Buner, Sowari 17290, Pakistan;
| | - Parveen Nisar
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (P.N.); (S.A.); (Z.K.S.)
| | - Sohail Ahmad Jan
- Department of Biotechnology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan;
| | - Shakeeb Afridi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (P.N.); (S.A.); (Z.K.S.)
| | - Zabta Khan Shinwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (P.N.); (S.A.); (Z.K.S.)
- National Council for Tibb, Islamabad, Pakistan
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20
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Li TT, Liu MR, Pei DS. Friend or foe, the role of EGR-1 in cancer. Med Oncol 2019; 37:7. [PMID: 31748910 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-019-1333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Early growth response-1 (EGR-1), also termed NEFI-A and Krox-24, as a multi-domain protein is implicated in several vital physiological processes, including development, metabolism, cell growth and proliferation. Previous studies have implied that EGR-1 was producing in response to the tissue injury, immune response and fibrosis. Meanwhile, emerging studies stressed the pronounced correlation of EGR-1 and human cancers. Nevertheless, the intricate mechanisms of cancer-reduce EGR-1 alteration still poorly characterized. In the review, we evaluated the effects of EGR-1 in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and tumor microenvironment, and then, we dwell on the intricate signaling pathways that EGR-1 involved in. The aberrantly expressed of EGR-1 in cancers are expected to provide a new cancer therapy strategy or a new marker for assessing treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Tong Li
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Ru Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Sheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Youn Y, Jeon SH, Jin HY, Che DN, Jang SI, Kim YS. Chlorogenic acid-rich Solanum melongena extract has protective potential against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in PC-12 cells. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12999. [PMID: 31368148 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are major threats to human health. Here, through fluorescence, colorimetric, immunoblotting, spectroscopy, and laser scanning confocal microscopic techniques, we investigated the neuroprotective properties of chlorogenic acid-rich Solanum melongena extracts (SM extract) in rotenone-induced PC-12 cell death. The results showed that rotenone caused apoptosis to PC-12 cells by elevating Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and increasing caspase-3 activity. Rotenone also increased ROS in cells while suppressing SOD and catalase activities. This resulted in the depletion of ATP in cells by blocking mitochondria complex I activity. Pretreatment of the cells with SM extract at concentrations of 100, 250, and 500 μg/ml before incubation for 24 hr with rotenone significantly prevented apoptosis, decreased ROS, and increased ATP production in the cells. SM extract upregulated SOD and catalase activities in the cells. These results unveil evidence that SM extract content neuroprotective properties that can be exploited to prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Solanum melongena eggplant is a popular ingredient in many traditional recipes and is well known in Asia for its medicinal benefits. Despite numerous scientific reports of the potential health benefits of this plant, reports on its effects in neurodegenerative diseases is still lacking. This pilot study demonstrates that S. melongena eggplant can protect against neurotoxicity in neurodegenerative diseases. The results of this research serves as a base for further research on eggplant that will result in its usage on a larger scale as functional food materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Youn
- Imsil Cheese & Food Research Institute, Imsil-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Jeon
- Imsil Cheese & Food Research Institute, Imsil-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Jin
- Imsil Cheese & Food Research Institute, Imsil-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Denis Nchang Che
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Il Jang
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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22
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Yang W, Kang Y, Zhao Q, Bi L, Jiao L, Gu Y, Lu J, Yao J, Zhou D, Sun J, Zhao X, Xu L. Herbal formula Yangyinjiedu induces lung cancer cell apoptosis via activation of early growth response 1. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6193-6202. [PMID: 31237749 PMCID: PMC6714142 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been extensively used in clinical practices and proven to be effective against cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated. In this study, we examined the anticancer activities of Chinese herbal formula Yangyinjiedu (YYJD) and found that YYJD exhibits cytotoxicity against lung cancer cells. Transcriptome analysis indicated that 2178 genes were differentially expressed (P < 0.05) upon YYJD treatment, with 1464 being (67.2%) up‐regulated. Among these, we found that the tumour suppressor early growth response 1 (EGR1) is the most activated. We demonstrated that EGR1 contributes to YYJD‐induced apoptosis in A549. Through dissecting EGR1‐associated transcriptional network, we identified 275 genes as EGR1 direct targets, some targets are involved in apoptosis. Lastly, we observed that YYJD enhances EGR1 expression and induces cell death in tumour xenografts. Collectively, these findings suggest that YYJD exerts its anticancer activities through EGR1 activation, thus providing the evidence for its potential clinical application for lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Yang
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yani Kang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Bi
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijing Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzhao Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Yao
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jielin Sun
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Park M, Park SY, Lee HJ, Kim CE. A Systems-Level Analysis of Mechanisms of Platycodon grandiflorum Based on A Network Pharmacological Approach. Molecules 2018; 23:E2841. [PMID: 30388815 PMCID: PMC6278259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) is widely used in Asia for its various beneficial effects. Although many studies were conducted to understand the molecular mechanisms of PG, it is still unclear how the combinations of multiple ingredients work together to exert its therapeutic effects. The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive review of the systems-level mechanisms of PG by adopting network pharmacological analysis. We constructed a compound⁻target⁻disease network for PG using experimentally validated and machine-leaning-based prediction results. Each target of the network was analyzed based on previously known pharmacological activities of PG. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the majority of targets were related to cellular and metabolic processes, responses to stimuli, and biological regulation. In pathway enrichment analyses of targets, the terms related to cancer showed the most significant enrichment and formed distinct clusters. Degree matrix analysis for target⁻disease associations of PG suggested the therapeutic potential of PG in various cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, prostate cancer, small-cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. We expect that network pharmacological approaches will provide an understanding of the systems-level mechanisms of medicinal herbs and further develop their therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musun Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Sa-Yoon Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Chang-Eop Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
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24
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Zhao LC, Liu Y, Wang Z, Tang N, Leng J, Zheng B, Liu YY, Li W. Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Hepatoprotective Effect of Steamed Platycodi Radix on Acute Alcohol-induced Liver Injury. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.952.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Yang J, Pi C, Wang G. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by apigenin induces apoptosis and autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:699-707. [PMID: 29680738 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a dietary flavonoid with known antioxidant and antitumor effects against several types of cancers by promoting cell death and inducing cell cycle arrest. Apigenin also regulates a variety of intracellular signal transduction pathways during apoptosis or autophagy. However, the precise mechanism underlying the anticancer effects of apigenin in liver cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that apigenin has anticancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Apigenin inhibited the cell growth and induced cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. We found that apigenin treatment increased the expression of LC3-II and the number of GFP-LC3 puncta. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy with 3-MA and Atg5 gene silencing strengthened apigenin-induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis. Our data has indicated that apigenin-induced autophagy has a protective effect against cell death. Additionally, apigenin induced apoptosis and autophagy through inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Most importantly, in vivo data showed that administration of apigenin decreased tumor growth and autophagy inhibition by 3-MA significantly enhanced the anticancer effect of apigenin. Collectively, our results reveal that apigenin inhibits cell proliferation and induces autophagy via suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Our results also suggest combination of autophagy inhibitors and apigenin would be a potential chemotherapeutic strategy against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zaozhuang Mental Health Center, Zaozhuang, 277103, China
| | - Cuicui Pi
- Department of Pharmacy, Zaozhuang Mental Health Center, Zaozhuang, 277103, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, No.41 of Longtou Middle Road, Shizhong District, Zaozhuang, 277100, China.
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26
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Mbaveng AT, Ndontsa BL, Kuete V, Nguekeu YMM, Çelik İ, Mbouangouere R, Tane P, Efferth T. A naturally occuring triterpene saponin ardisiacrispin B displayed cytotoxic effects in multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells via ferroptotic and apoptotic cell death. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 43:78-85. [PMID: 29747757 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multidrug resistance of cancer cells constitutes a serious problem in chemotherapy and a challenging issue in the discovery of new cytotoxic drugs. Many saponins are known to display anti-cancer effects. In this study, the cytotoxicity and the modes of action of a naturally occuring oleanane-type tritepene saponin, ardisiacrispin B isolated from the fruit of Ardisia kivuensis Taton (Myrsinaceae) was evaluated on a panel of 9 cancer cell lines including various sensitive and drug-resistant phenotypes. METHODS Resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity and ferroptotic cell death of samples; caspase-Glo assay was used to detect the activation of caspases in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis and detection of apoptotic cells by annexin V/PI staining, analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS Ardisiacrispin B displayed significant cytotoxic effects in the 9 tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values below 10 µM. The IC50 values ranges were 1.20 µM (towards leukemia CCRF-CEM cells) to 6.76 µM [against heptocarcinoma HepG2 cells] for ardisiacrispin B and 0.02 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 122.96 µM (against resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells) for doxorubicin. Collateral sensitivity of resistant HCT116p53-/- colon adenocarcinoma cells to ardisiacripsin B was observed. Ardisiacrispin B induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells via activation of inititator caspases 8 and 9 and effector caspase 3/7, alteration of MMP and increase in ROS production. Ferroptosis also contributed to the cytotoxicity of ardisiacrispin B. CONCLUSIONS The studied oleanane-type triterpene saponin is a good cytotoxic molecule that deserve more detailed exploration in the future, to develop novel cytotoxic drugs to combat both sensitive and drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Blanche L Ndontsa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Yves M M Nguekeu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
| | - İlhami Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, Tepebaşı, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey
| | | | - Pierre Tane
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany.
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27
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Casaburi I, Avena P, De Luca A, Sirianni R, Rago V, Chimento A, Trotta F, Campana C, Rainey WE, Pezzi V. GPER-independent inhibition of adrenocortical cancer growth by G-1 involves ROS/Egr-1/BAX pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:115609-115619. [PMID: 29383185 PMCID: PMC5777797 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that treatment of the H295R adrenocortical cancer cell line with the non-steroidal, high-affinity GPER (G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1) agonist G-1 reduced tumor growth in vitro and in vivo through a GPER independent action. Moreover, we observed that G-1 treatment induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis following a sustained ERK1/2 activation. However, the precise mechanisms causing these effects were not clarified. Starting from our preliminary published results, we performed a microarray study that clearly evidenced a strong and significative up-regulation of EGR-1 gene in H295R cells treated for 24h with micromolar concentration of G-1. The microarray findings were confirmed by RT-PCR and Western-blot analysis as well as by immunofluorescence that revealed a strong nuclear staining for EGR-1 after G-1 treatment. EGR-1 is a point of convergence of many intracellular signaling cascades that control tumor cell growth and proliferation as well as others that relate to cell death machinery. Here we found that the increased Egr-1 expression was a consequence of G-1-mediated ROS-dependent ERK activation that were promptly reversed by the presence of the antioxidant n-acetyl-cysteine. Finally, we observed that silencing EGR-1 gene expression reversed the main effects induced by G-1 in ACC cells, including upregulation of the negative regulator of cell cycle, p21Waf1/Cip1 and the positive regulator of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, BAX, as well as the cell growth inhibition. The identified ROS/MAPK/Egr-1/BAX pathway as a potential off-target effect of the G-1 could be useful in implementing the pharmacological approach for ACC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Casaburi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Paola Avena
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Arianna De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesca Trotta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Carmela Campana
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - William E Rainey
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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28
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Upregulation of CISD2 augments ROS homeostasis and contributes to tumorigenesis and poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11893. [PMID: 28928421 PMCID: PMC5605537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CISD2 is a redox-sensitive gene critical for normal development and mitochondrial integrity. CISD2 was known to have aberrant expression in several types of human cancers. However, its relation with lung cancer is still not clear. In this study we found CISD2 mRNA was significantly upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) samples, compared with their adjacent normal counterparts, and was correlated with tumor stage, grade, and prognosis based on analysis of clinical specimens-derived expression data in public domain and our validation assay. Cell based assay indicated that CISD2 expression regulated accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), polarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as cell viability, apoptosis, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity. In addition, CISD2 expression was found significantly correlated with stress response/redox signaling genes such as EGR1 and GPX3, while such correlations were also found valid in many public domain data. Taken together, upregulation of CISD2 is involved in an increased antioxidant capacity in response to elevated ROS levels during the formation and progression of lung ADC. The molecular mechanism underlying how CISD2 regulates ROS homeostasis and augments malignancy of lung cancer warrants further investigations.
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29
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Liu D, Albergante L, Newman TJ. Universal attenuators and their interactions with feedback loops in gene regulatory networks. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:7078-7093. [PMID: 28575450 PMCID: PMC5499555 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a combination of mathematical modelling, statistical simulation and large-scale data analysis we study the properties of linear regulatory chains (LRCs) within gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Our modelling indicates that downstream genes embedded within LRCs are highly insulated from the variation in expression of upstream genes, and thus LRCs act as attenuators. This observation implies a progressively weaker functionality of LRCs as their length increases. When analyzing the preponderance of LRCs in the GRNs of Escherichia coli K12 and several other organisms, we find that very long LRCs are essentially absent. In both E. coli and M. tuberculosis we find that four-gene LRCs are intimately linked to identical feedback loops that are involved in potentially chaotic stress response, indicating that the dynamics of these potentially destabilising motifs are strongly restrained under homeostatic conditions. The same relationship is observed in a human cancer cell line (K562), and we postulate that four-gene LRCs act as ‘universal attenuators’. These findings suggest a role for long LRCs in dampening variation in gene expression, thereby protecting cell identity, and in controlling dramatic shifts in cell-wide gene expression through inhibiting chaos-generating motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianbo Liu
- School of Life sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Luca Albergante
- School of Life sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Mines Paris Tech, Inserm, U900, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Timothy J Newman
- School of Life sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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30
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Li W, Tian YH, Liu Y, Wang Z, Tang S, Zhang J, Wang YP. Platycodin D exerts anti-tumor efficacy in H22 tumor-bearing mice via improving immune function and inducing apoptosis. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 41:417-28. [PMID: 27193733 DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Platycodin D (PD), a major saponin derived and isolated from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum, exerts potent growth inhibition and strong cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. However, the anti-tumor efficacy of PD on H22 hepatocellular carcinoma remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to explore the anti-hepatoma activity in vivo and the underlying mechanism of PD in H22 tumor-bearing mice. The results revealed that PD could considerably suppress tumor growth with no significant side effects on immune organs and body weight. Further investigations showed that the levels of serum cytokines, including interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-2 (IL-2), were enhanced by PD administration. On the other hand, PD inhibited the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in serum of H22 tumor mice. Additionally, the observations from H&E and Hoechst 33258 staining results demonstrated that PD noticeably induced apoptosis in H22 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Importantly, immunohistochemical analysis showed that PD treatment increased Bax expression and decreased Bcl-2 and VEGF expression of H22 tumor tissues in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, the findings in the present investigation clearly demonstrated that the PD markedly suppressed the tumor growth of H22 transplanted tumor in vivo at least partly via improving the immune functions, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, China
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31
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Capsular Polysaccharide of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae Induces Sheep Airway Epithelial Cell Apoptosis via ROS-Dependent JNK/P38 MAPK Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6175841. [PMID: 28367270 PMCID: PMC5359454 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6175841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to better understand the pathogen-host interaction between invading Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (M. ovipneumoniae) and sheep airway epithelial cells, biological effects and possible molecular mechanism of capsular polysaccharide of M. ovipneumoniae (CPS) in the induction of cell apoptosis were explored using sheep bronchial epithelial cells cultured in air-liquid interface (ALI). The CPS of M. ovipneumoniae was first isolated and purified. Results showed that CPS had a cytotoxic effect by disrupting the integrity of mitochondrial membrane, accompanied with an increase of reactive oxygen species and decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Of importance, the CPS exhibited an ability to induce caspase-dependent cell apoptosis via both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Mechanistically, the CPS induced extrinsic cell apoptosis by upregulating FAS/FASL signaling proteins and cleaved-caspase-8 and promoted a ROS-dependent intrinsic cell apoptosis by activating a JNK and p38 signaling but not ERK1/2 signaling of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways. These findings provide the first evidence that CPS of M. ovipneumoniae induces a caspase-dependent apoptosis via both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in sheep bronchial epithelial cells, which may be mainly attributed by a ROS-dependent JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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32
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Kim HB, Yoo BS. Propolis Inhibits UVA-Induced Apoptosis of Human Keratinocyte HaCaT Cells by Scavenging ROS. Toxicol Res 2016; 32:345-351. [PMID: 27818737 PMCID: PMC5080852 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2016.32.4.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a resinous material collected by honeybees from several plant sources. This research aimed at showing its protective effect against UVA-induced apoptosis of human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Using Hoechst staining, it was demonstrated that propolis (5 and 10 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the apoptosis of HaCaT cells induced by UVA-irradiation. Propolis also showed the protective effect against loss of mitochondrial membrane potential induced by UVA-irradiaiton in HaCaT cells. Propolis also inhibited the expression of activated caspase-3 induced by UVA-irradiation. To investigate the role of ROS in UVA-induced apoptosis and protection by propolis, the generation of ROS was determined in cells. The results showed that the generation of ROS was markedly reduced in cells pretreated with propolis. Consequently, propolis protected human keratinocyte HaCaT cells against UVA-induced apoptosis, which might be related to the reduction of ROS generation by UVA-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bit Kim
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Byung Sun Yoo
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Korea
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33
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Lu JJ, Lu DZ, Chen YF, Dong YT, Zhang JR, Li T, Tang ZH, Yang Z. Proteomic analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells treated with platycodin D. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 13:673-9. [PMID: 26412427 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Platycodin D (PD), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Platycodonis Radix, is a famous Chinese herbal medicine that has been shown to have anti-proliferative effects in several cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in cellular proteins after the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells with PD using proteomics approaches. The cell viability was determined using the MTT assay. The proteome was analyzed by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Western blot analysis was used to confirm the expression of changed proteins. Our results showed that PD inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in concentration- and time-dependent manners. Sixteen proteins were identified to be up-regulated in PD-treated HepG2 cells, including ATP5H, OXCT1, KRT9, CCDC40, ERP29, RCN1, ZNF175, HNRNPH1, HSP27, PA2G4, PHB, BANF1, TPM3, ECH1, LGALS1, and MYL6. Three proteins (i.e., RPS12, EMG1, and KRT1) decreased in HepG2 cells after treatment with PD. The changes in HSP27 and PHB were further confirmed by Western blotting. In conclusion, our results shed new lights on the mechanisms of action for the anti-cancer activity of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - De-Zhao Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yu-Fei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ya-Ting Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jun-Ren Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zheng-Hai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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34
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Wei C, Wen H, Yuan L, McHale CM, Li H, Wang K, Yuan J, Yang X, Zhang L. Formaldehyde induces toxicity in mouse bone marrow and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and enhances benzene-induced adverse effects. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:921-933. [PMID: 27339418 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
FA in air for 2 weeks, mimicking occupational exposure, then measured complete blood counts, nucleated BM cell count, and myeloid progenitor colony formation. We also investigated potential mechanisms of FA toxicity, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, and hematopoietic growth factor and receptor levels. FA exposure significantly reduced nucleated BM cells and BM-derived colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E); down-regulated GM-CSFRα and EPOR expression; increased ROS in nucleated BM, spleen and CFU-GM cells; and increased apoptosis in nucleated spleen and CFU-GM cells. FA and BZ each similarly altered BM mature cells and stem/progenitor counts, BM and CFU-GM ROS, and apoptosis in spleen and CFU-GM but had differential effects on other end points. Co-exposure was more potent for several end points. Thus, FA is toxic to the mouse hematopoietic system, including BM stem/progenitor cells, and it enhances BZ-induced toxic effects. Our findings suggest that FA may induce BM toxicity by affecting myeloid progenitor growth and survival through oxidative damage and reduced expression levels of GM-CSFRα and EPOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety Monitoring and Evaluation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Huaxiao Wen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Langyue Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Cliona M McHale
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.,Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Junlin Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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35
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Ma CH, Gao ZJ, Zhang JJ, Zhang W, Shao JH, Hai MR, Chen JW, Yang SC, Zhang GH. Candidate Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Triterpenoid Saponins in Platycodon grandiflorum Identified by Transcriptome Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:673. [PMID: 27242873 PMCID: PMC4871891 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platycodon grandiflorum is the only species in the genus Platycodon of the family Campanulaceae, which has been traditionally used as a medicinal plant for its lung-heat-clearing, antitussive, and expectorant properties in China, Japanese, and Korean. Oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins were the main chemical components of P. grandiflorum and platycodin D was the abundant and main bioactive component, but little is known about their biosynthesis in plants. Hence, P. grandiflorum is an ideal medicinal plant for studying the biosynthesis of Oleanane-type saponins. In addition, the genomic information of this important herbal plant is unavailable. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A total of 58,580,566 clean reads were obtained, which were assembled into 34,053 unigenes, with an average length of 936 bp and N50 of 1,661 bp by analyzing the transcriptome data of P. grandiflorum. Among these 34,053 unigenes, 22,409 unigenes (65.80%) were annotated based on the information available from public databases, including Nr, NCBI, Swiss-Prot, KOG, and KEGG. Furthermore, 21 candidate cytochrome P450 genes and 17 candidate UDP-glycosyltransferase genes most likely involved in triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis pathway were discovered from the transcriptome sequencing of P. grandiflorum. In addition, 10,626 SSRs were identified based on the transcriptome data, which would provide abundant candidates of molecular markers for genetic diversity and genetic map for this medicinal plant. CONCLUSION The genomic data obtained from P. grandiflorum, especially the identification of putative genes involved in triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis pathway, will facilitate our understanding of the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Ma
- Yunnan Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice for Dominant Chinese Medicinal Materials, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Zheng-Jie Gao
- Yunnan Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice for Dominant Chinese Medicinal Materials, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Jia-Jin Zhang
- Yunnan Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice for Dominant Chinese Medicinal Materials, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Life Science and Technology College, Honghe UniversityMengzi, China
| | - Jian-Hui Shao
- National Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Biodiversity Applied Technology, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Mei-Rong Hai
- Yunnan Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice for Dominant Chinese Medicinal Materials, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- Yunnan Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice for Dominant Chinese Medicinal Materials, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Sheng-Chao Yang
- Yunnan Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice for Dominant Chinese Medicinal Materials, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhang
- Yunnan Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice for Dominant Chinese Medicinal Materials, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
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Tian J, Li Z, Han Y, Jiang T, Song X, Jiang G. The progress of early growth response factor 1 and leukemia. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2016; 5:76-82. [PMID: 27195189 PMCID: PMC4869586 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2015.01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Early growth response gene-1 (EGR1) widely exists in the cell nucleus of such as, zebrafish, mice, chimpanzees and humans, an it also can be observed in the cytoplasm of some tumors. EGR1 was named just after its brief and rapid expression of different stimuli. Accumulating studies have extensively demonstrated that the widespread dysregulation of EGR1 is involved in hematological malignancies such as human acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and B cell lymphoma. With the deep research on EGR1, its expression, function and regulatory mechanism has been gradually elucidated, and provides more possibilities for treatment strategies of patients with leukemia. Herein, we summarize the roles of EGR1 in its biological function and relationship with leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Ji'nan University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Ji'nan University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Han
- Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Ji'nan University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Guosheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Ji'nan University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Guosheng Jiang, Key Laboratory for rare & uncommon diseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.18877 of Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, China. E-mail:
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Yun J, Woo ER, Lee DG. Isoquercitrin, isolated from Aster yomena triggers ROS-mediated apoptosis in Candida albicans. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Zheng S, Li W, Wang J, Chen Y, Hou W, Gao W, Liu Q, Wang Y. Platycodin D inhibits B16F10 melanoma metastasis via antiangiogenic activity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23725d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Platycodin D inhibits B16F10 melanoma metastasisviaantiangiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Zheng
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Changchun
- China
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials
- Jilin Agricultural University
| | - Jia Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Yinbin Chen
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Wei Hou
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Wei Gao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Qingxiu Liu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Changchun
- China
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials
- Jilin Agricultural University
| | - Yingping Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Changchun
- China
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Singh S, Sharma B, Kanwar SS, Kumar A. Lead Phytochemicals for Anticancer Drug Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1667. [PMID: 27877185 PMCID: PMC5099879 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious concern at present. A large number of patients die each year due to cancer illnesses in spite of several interventions available. Development of an effective and side effects lacking anticancer therapy is the trending research direction in healthcare pharmacy. Chemical entities present in plants proved to be very potential in this regard. Bioactive phytochemicals are preferential as they pretend differentially on cancer cells only, without altering normal cells. Carcinogenesis is a complex process and includes multiple signaling events. Phytochemicals are pleiotropic in their function and target these events in multiple manners; hence they are most suitable candidate for anticancer drug development. Efforts are in progress to develop lead candidates from phytochemicals those can block or retard the growth of cancer without any side effect. Several phytochemicals manifest anticancer function in vitro and in vivo. This article deals with these lead phytomolecules with their action mechanisms on nuclear and cellular factors involved in carcinogenesis. Additionally, druggability parameters and clinical development of anticancer phytomolecules have also been discussed.
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Khan M, Maryam A, Zhang H, Mehmood T, Ma T. Killing cancer with platycodin D through multiple mechanisms. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 20:389-402. [PMID: 26648178 PMCID: PMC4759477 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multi-faceted disease comprised of a combination of genetic, epigenetic, metabolic and signalling aberrations which severely disrupt the normal homoeostasis of cell growth and death. Rational developments of highly selective drugs which specifically block only one of the signalling pathways have been associated with limited therapeutic success. Multi-targeted prevention of cancer has emerged as a new paradigm for effective anti-cancer treatment. Platycodin D, a triterpenoid saponin, is one the major active components of the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum and possesses multiple biological and pharmacological properties including, anti-nociceptive, anti-atherosclerosis, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, immunoregulatory, hepatoprotective and anti-tumour activities. Recently, the anti-cancer activity of platycodin D has been extensively studied. The purpose of this review was to give our perspectives on the current status of platycodin D and discuss its anti-cancer activity and molecular mechanisms which may help the further design and conduct of pre-clinical and clinical trials to develop it successfully into a potential lead drug for oncological therapy. Platycodin D has been shown to fight cancer by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy and inhibiting angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis by targeting multiple signalling pathways which are frequently deregulated in cancers suggesting that this multi-target activity rather than a single effect may play an important role in developing platycodin D into potential anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Amara Maryam
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tahir Mehmood
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tonghui Ma
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Shan J, Zou J, Xie T, Kang A, Zhou W, Deng H, Mao Y, Di L, Wang S. Pharmacokinetics, intestinal absorption and microbial metabolism of single platycodin D in comparison to Platycodi radix extract. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:750-5. [PMID: 26600720 PMCID: PMC4621644 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.165576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Platycodi radix, the dried root of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC, has been widely used as food and herb medicine for treating cough, cold and other respiratory ailments, and platycodin D (PD) is one of the most important compounds in Platycodi Radix. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics, intestinal absorption and microbial metabolism of PD in monomer with that in Platycodi radix extract (PRE). Materials and Methods: In the pharmacokinetic study, the concentrations of PD in rat plasma were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by data analysis software (DAS). Besides, in vitro Caco-2 cells and fecal lysate were performed to investigate the intestinal absorption and metabolism, respectively. Results: The results from pharmacokinetics showed that the area under the curve, the peak concentration the time to reach peak concentration and mean residence time of PD in PRE were enhanced significantly compared with that in single PD. Caco-2 cells transport study indicated that the absorption of PD both in monomer and in PRE were poor owning that the permeability of PD were <1/106 cm/s. The hydrolysis degree of PD in PRE was significantly lower than that in monomer PD in fecal lysate, which might be illustrated by the other ingredients in PRE influenced the hydrolysis of PD via gut microbiota. Conclusion: These findings indicated that the difference of microbial metabolism, not apparent absorption in intestine for PD between in monomer and in PRE contributed to their pharmacokinetic difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, China ; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiashuang Zou
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tong Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, China
| | - An Kang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, China
| | - Haishan Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, China
| | - Yancao Mao
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liuqing Di
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, China ; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shouchuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, China
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Zhou R, Lu Z, Liu K, Guo J, Liu J, Zhou Y, Yang J, Mi M, Xu H. Platycodin D induces tumor growth arrest by activating FOXO3a expression in prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2015; 14:860-71. [PMID: 25431082 PMCID: PMC4997962 DOI: 10.2174/1568009614666141128104642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Platycodin D (PD), a major saponin derived from Platycodin grandiflorum, exerted cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cell lines (PC3, DU145 and LNCaP cells) with IC50 values in the range of 11.17 to 26.13μmol/L, whereas RWPE-1cells (a non-malignant human prostate epithelial cell line) were not significantly affected. A further study in these cell lines showed that PD could potently affect cell proliferation (indicated by the bromodeoxyuridine assay), induce cell apoptosis (determined by Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry) and cause cell cycle arrest (indicated by PI staining). After being treated with PD for 48 hours, DU145 and LNCaP cells were arrested in the G0 /G1 phase, and PC3 cells were arrested in the G2/M phase. A Western blotting analysis indicated that PD increased the expression of the FOXO3a transcription factor, decreased the expression of p-FOXO3a and MDM2 and increased the expression of FOXO-responsive genes, p21 and p27. MDM2 silencing (transiently by siRNA-MDM2) increased the PD-induced FOXO3a protein expression, while MDM2 overexpression (in cells transiently transfected with a pcDNA3-MDM2 plasmid) decreased the PD-induced expression of the FOXO3a protein. Moreover, PD dose-dependently inhibited the growth of PC3 xenograft tumors in BALB/c nude mice. A Western blotting analysis of the excised xenograft tumors indicated that similar changes in protein expression also occurred in vivo. These results suggest that PD exhibits significant activity against prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. The FOXO3a transcription factor appears to be involved in the activity of PD. Together, all of these findings provide a basis for the future development of this agent for human prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongxia Xu
- Department of Nutrition, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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Xiu LJ, Sun DZ, Jiao JP, Yan B, Qin ZF, Liu X, Wei PK, Yue XQ. Anticancer effects of traditional Chinese herbs with phlegm-eliminating properties - An overview. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:155-161. [PMID: 26038151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHONOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cancer is considered to be the second leading cause of human death. It is unsatisfactory that in the past decades, the treatment for cancer has not progressed as fast as it was expected, as only 50% of newly diagnosed patients could be cured even today. The development of cancer is a multifactorial process, involving tumor cells themselves, the interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironments, as well as the interactions between tumor cells and the host's immunity. Focusing on any single goal may bring limited benefits. AIM AND METHODS OF THE STUDY Phlegm-eliminating herbs, which can reduce phlegm and eliminate pathological metabolites, are commonly used to treat cancer in China. However, the underlying molecular targets and efficacy of herbal medicines in cancer treatment still remain unclear. In this study, we reviewed the potential anticancer mechanisms of some phlegm-eliminating herbs and their active ingredients from the articles through such scientific databases as MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar. RESULTS We found that the anticancer mechanisms of phlegm-eliminating herbs and ingredients include inducing apoptosis, anti-proliferation, preventing tumor invasion and metastasis, and reducing resistance to chemotherapy. In addition, some phlegm-eliminating herbs and their ingredients have anti-inflammatory and anti-metabolic syndrome effects. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the phlegm-eliminating herbs and ingredients are potential candidates for anticancer treatment and cancer prevention by playing a comprehensive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Xiu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Da-Zhi Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jian-Peng Jiao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Qin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Pin-Kang Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yue
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China.
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Orta-García ST, Plascencia-Villa G, Ochoa-Martínez AC, Ruiz-Vera T, Pérez-Vázquez FJ, Velázquez-Salazar JJ, Yacamán MJ, Navarro-Contreras HR, Pérez-Maldonado IN. Analysis of cytotoxic effects of silver nanoclusters on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells 'in vitro'. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:1189-99. [PMID: 26281020 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have made these particles one of the most used nanomaterials in consumer products. Therefore, an understanding of the interactions (unwanted toxicity) between nanoparticles and human cells is of significant interest. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro cytotoxicity effects of silver nanoclusters (AgNC, < 2 nm diameter) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Using flow cytometry and comet assay methods, we demonstrate that exposure of PBMC to AgNC induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA damage and apoptosis at 3, 6 and 12 h, with a dose-dependent response (0.1, 1, 3, 5 and 30 µg ml(-1)). Advanced electron microscopy imaging of complete and ultrathin-sections of PBMC confirmed the cytotoxic effects and cell damage caused by AgNC. The present study showed that AgNC produced without coating agents induced significant cytotoxic effects on PBMC owing to their high aspect ratio and active surface area, even at much lower concentrations (<1 µg ml(-1)) than those applied in previous studies, resembling what would occur under real exposure conditions to nanosilver-functionalized consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Teresa Orta-García
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. San Luis Potosí, México.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Germán Plascencia-Villa
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Angeles Catalina Ochoa-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. San Luis Potosí, México.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Tania Ruiz-Vera
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. San Luis Potosí, México.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Francisco Javier Pérez-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. San Luis Potosí, México.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - J Jesús Velázquez-Salazar
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Miguel José Yacamán
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Hugo Ricardo Navarro-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Iván N Pérez-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. San Luis Potosí, México.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México.,Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Media, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí, México
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Yang D, Zhang C, Zhang N, Li M, Liu Y. Platycodon grandiflorus - an ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 164:147-61. [PMID: 25666431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC., the sole species in genus Platycodon A. DC. (Campanulaceae) has a long history of use as a traditional herbal medicine for the treatments of cough, phlegm, sore throat, lung abscess, chest pain, dysuria, and dysentery. As a legal medicine and dietary supplement, it is also frequently used as an ingredient in health foods and vegetable dishes. The aim of this review is to provide up-to-date information on the botanical characterization and distribution, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of Platycodon grandiflorus based on literature published in recent years. It will build a foundation for further study of the mechanism of action and the development of better therapeutic agents and healthy products from Platycodon grandiflorus. MATERIAL AND METHODS All of the available information on Platycodon grandiflorus was collected via electronic search (using PubMed, SciFinder Scholar, CNKI, TPL (www.theplantlist.org), Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, and Web of Science). RESULTS A comprehensive analysis of the literature obtained through the above-mentioned sources confirmed that ethno-medical uses of Platycodon grandiflorus have been recorded in China, Japan, Mongolia, and Korea for thousands of years. A phytochemical investigation revealed that this product contains steroidal saponins, flavonoids, polyacetylenes, sterols, phenolics, and other bioactive compounds. Crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from Platycodon grandiflorus exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory effects. They also showed valuable bioactive effects, such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective and cardiovascular system effects, among others. CONCLUSIONS In light of its long traditional use and the modern phytochemical and pharmacological studies summarized here, Platycodon grandiflorus has been demonstrated to show a strong potential for therapeutic and health-maintaining uses. Both the extracts and chemical components isolated from the plant showed a wide range of biological activities. Thus, more studies on the pharmacological mechanisms of its main active compounds (e.g., platycodin D, D2) need to be conducted. In addition, as one of the most popular traditional herbal medicines, clinical studies of the main therapeutic aspects, toxicity and adverse effects of Platycodon grandiflorus will also undoubtedly be the focus of future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China
| | - Minhui Li
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China.
| | - Yanze Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100193, China.
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Li W, Liu Y, Wang Z, Han Y, Tian YH, Zhang GS, Sun YS, Wang YP. Platycodin D isolated from the aerial parts of Platycodon grandiflorum protects alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Food Funct 2015; 6:1418-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00094g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Platycodin D (PD) is the main active saponin of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) and is reported to exhibit multiple biological effects, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, and anti-obesity properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- China
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plant
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- China
| | - Ye Han
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plant
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Changchun 132109
- China
| | - Yu-Hong Tian
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- China
| | - Gui-Shan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- China
| | - Yin-Shi Sun
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plant
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Changchun 132109
- China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plant
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Changchun 132109
- China
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An HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of platycodin D in rat plasma and its application to the pharmacokinetics of Platycodi Radix extract. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 12:154-60. [PMID: 24636069 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop an HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of platycodin D (PD) in rat plasma, and to acquire the main pharmacokinetic parameters of PD after oral administration of pure PD or of Platycodi Radix extract (PRE) containing PD. METHOD Plasma samples were pretreated with solid-phase extraction using an Oasis® HLB SPE cartridge. Madecassoside was used as the internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was achieved on an ODS column (100 mm × 2.1 mm i.d., 3.5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/water (30 : 70, V/V) containing 0.1 mmol·L(-1) ammonium acetate at a flow rate of 0.25 mL·min(-1). The detection was performed on a triple quadruple tandem mass spectrometer using an electrospray ionization (ESI) source with a chromatographic run time of 3.0 min. The detection was operated by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of the transitions of m/z 1 223.6→469.2 for PD and of m/z 973.6→469.2 for madecassoside (IS), respectively. RESULTS The calibration curve was linear from 5 to 2 000 ng·mL(-1) (r(2) >0.99) with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 5 ng·mL(-1). The intra- and inter-day precision (relative standard deviation, RSD) values were below 15% and the accuracy (relative error, RE) was from -15% to +15% at three quality control (QC) levels. Plasma concentrations of PD were determined for 24 h after i.v. administration of PD, and oral administration of PD and PRE, respectively. The absolute oral bioavailability of PD in rats was found to be (0.48 ± 0.19)% when administered PD, and to be (1.81 ± 0.89)% when administered PRE. CONCLUSION The developed HPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to assess the pharmacokinetic parameters and oral bioavailability of PD in rats after administration of PD and Platycodi Radix extract.
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Li T, Xu WS, Wu GS, Chen XP, Wang YT, Lu JJ. Platycodin D induces apoptosis, and inhibits adhesion, migration and invasion in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:1745-9. [PMID: 24641402 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.4.1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platycodin D (PD), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Platycodonis radix, possesses anti-cancer effects in several cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to evaluate its anti- cancer activities in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT and colony formation assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation, along with flow cytometry and Western blotting for apoptosis. Cell adhesion was tested by observing cellular morphology under a microscope, while the transwell assay was employed to investigate the cell migration and invasion. RESULTS PD concentration-dependently inhibited cell proliferation in both HepG2 and Hep3B cells, and significantly suppressed colony formation and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. The protein levels of cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and Bax were up-regulated while that of survivin was down-regulated after treatment with PD. Moreover, PD not only obviously suppressed the adhesion of HepG2 cells to Matrigel, but also remarkably depressed their migration and invasion induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). CONCLUSIONS PD presents anti-cancer potential in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting cell adhesion, migration and invasion, indicating promising features as a lead compound for anti-cancer agent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China E-mail : ;
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Luan X, Gao YG, Guan YY, Xu JR, Lu Q, Zhao M, Liu YR, Liu HJ, Fang C, Chen HZ. Platycodin D inhibits tumor growth by antiangiogenic activity via blocking VEGFR2-mediated signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 281:118-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Pak EJ, Son GD, Yoo BS. Cadmium Inhibits Neurite Outgrowth in Differentiating Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Toxicol 2014; 33:412-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581814550338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium, a highly ubiquitous heavy metal, is well known to induce neurotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism of cadmium-mediated neurotoxicity remains unclear. We have studied cadmium inhibition of neurite outgrowth using human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells induced to differentiate by all- trans-retinoic acid (RA). Cadmium, at a concentration of 3 μmol/L, had no significant effect on the viability of differentiating SH-SY5Y cells. However, the neurite outgrowth of the differentiating SH-SY5Y cells 48 hours after cadmium treatment (1-3 μmol/L cadmium) was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of RA-stimulated differentiating SH-SY5Y cells with 1 to 3 μmol/L cadmium resulted in decreased level of cross-reactivities with 43-kDa growth-associated protein (GAP-43) in a dose-dependent manner. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, NAC (N-acetyl-l-cysteine), recovered the expression of GAP-43 in cadmium-treated cells. The results indicate that cadmium is able to inhibit neurite outgrowth of differentiating SH-SY5Y cells and that this effect might result from ROS generation by cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Pak
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Dong Son
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Yoo
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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