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Sharma P, Gupta K, Khandai SK, Malik S, Thareja S. Phytometabolites as modulators of breast cancer: a comprehensive review of mechanistic insights. Med Oncol 2024; 41:45. [PMID: 38172452 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a highly debilitating malignancy affecting females globally and imposing a substantial burden on healthcare systems in both developed and developing nations. Despite the application of conventional therapeutic modalities such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormonal intervention, BC frequently exhibits resistance, necessitating the urgent development of novel, cost-effective, and accessible treatment strategies. In this context, there is a growing scientific interest in exploring the pharmacological potential of chemical compounds derived from botanical sources, which often exhibit notable biological activity. Extensive in vitro and in vivo investigations have revealed the capacity of these compounds, referred to as phytochemicals, to attenuate the metastatic cascade and reduce the risk of cancer dissemination. These phytochemicals exert their effects through modulation of key molecular and metabolic processes, including regulation of the cell cycle, induction of apoptotic cell death, inhibition of angiogenesis, and suppression of metastatic progression. To shed light on the latest advancements in this field, a comprehensive review of the scientific literature has been conducted, focusing on secondary metabolite agents that have recently been investigated and have demonstrated promising anticancer properties. This review aims to delineate their underlying mechanisms of action and elucidate the associated signaling pathways, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of their therapeutic potential in the context of BC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Khushi Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Khandai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Sonia Malik
- Laboratory of Woody Plants and Crops Biology, University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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Chantree P, Martviset P, Thongsepee N, Sangpairoj K, Sornchuer P. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Garcinol Extracted from Garcinia dulcis via Modulating NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030575. [PMID: 36771283 PMCID: PMC9918937 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Garcinia is a significant medicinal plant with many beneficial phytoconstituents, including garcinol. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of garcinol isolated from Garcinia dulcis fruit in LPS-activated THP-1 and Raw 264.7 macrophages. The results demonstrated that the low concentration of garcinol did not alter cell viability. Furthermore, co-incubation of garcinol with LPS inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, and pro-inflammatory mediators, including iNOS and COX-2 at the mRNA and protein expression levels. Garcinol also decreased the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, PGE2, and NO. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effects involved an alteration in the NF-κB signaling pathway. Downregulation of pIKKα/β, pIκBα, and pNF-κB was observed, hence reducing the translocation of pNF-κB from the cytosol into the nucleus, which subsequently decreased the production of pro-inflammatory molecules. Therefore, garcinol isolated from Garcinia dulcis is a potential candidate as an anti-inflammatory agent for inflammation-related disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathanin Chantree
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Research Group in Medical Biomolecules, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-846-171-817
| | - Pongsakorn Martviset
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Research Group in Medical Biomolecules, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nattaya Thongsepee
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kant Sangpairoj
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Phornphan Sornchuer
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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Kumar S, Mathew SO, Aharwal RP, Tulli HS, Mohan CD, Sethi G, Ahn KS, Webber K, Sandhu SS, Bishayee A. Withaferin A: A Pleiotropic Anticancer Agent from the Indian Medicinal Plant Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:160. [PMID: 37259311 PMCID: PMC9966696 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents the second most deadly disease and one of the most important public health concerns worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immune therapy are the major types of treatment strategies that have been implemented in cancer treatment. Unfortunately, these treatment options suffer from major limitations, such as drug-resistance and adverse effects, which may eventually result in disease recurrence. Many phytochemicals have been investigated for their antitumor efficacy in preclinical models and clinical studies to discover newer therapeutic agents with fewer adverse effects. Withaferin A, a natural bioactive molecule isolated from the Indian medicinal plant Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, has been reported to impart anticancer activities against various cancer cell lines and preclinical cancer models by modulating the expression and activity of different oncogenic proteins. In this article, we have comprehensively discussed the biosynthesis of withaferin A as well as its antineoplastic activities and mode-of-action in in vitro and in vivo settings. We have also reviewed the effect of withaferin A on the expression of miRNAs, its combinational effect with other cytotoxic agents, withaferin A-based formulations, safety and toxicity profiles, and its clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Kumar
- Bio-Design Innovation Centre, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur 482 001, India
| | - Stephen O. Mathew
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | | | - Hardeep Singh Tulli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133 207, India
| | | | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Kwang-Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kassidy Webber
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Sardul Singh Sandhu
- Bio-Design Innovation Centre, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur 482 001, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
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Sandhu SS, Rouz SK, Kumar S, Swamy N, Deshmukh L, Hussain A, Haque S, Tuli HS. Ursolic acid: a pentacyclic triterpenoid that exhibits anticancer therapeutic potential by modulating multiple oncogenic targets. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-31. [PMID: 36600517 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2162257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The world is currently facing a global challenge against neoplastic diseases. Chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, surgery, and radiation therapy are some approaches used to treat cancer. However, these treatments are frequently causing side effects in patients, such as multidrug resistance, fever, weakness, and allergy, among others side effects. As a result, current research has focused on phytochemical compounds isolated from plants to treat deadly cancers. Plants are excellent resources of bioactive molecules, and many natural molecules have exceptional anticancer properties. They produce diverse anticancer derivatives such as alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, pigments, and tannins, which have powerful anticancer activities against various cancer cell lines and animal models. Because of their safety, eco-friendly, and cost-effective nature, research communities have recently focused on various phytochemical bioactive molecules. Ursolic acid (UA) and its derivative compounds have anti-inflammatory, anticancer, apoptosis induction, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-breast cancer proliferation properties. Ursolic acid (UA) can improve the clinical management of human cancer because it inhibits cancer cell viability and proliferation, preventing tumour angiogenesis and metastatic activity. Therefore, the present article focuses on numerous bioactivities of Ursolic acid (UA), which can inhibit cancer cell production, mechanism of action, and modulation of anticancer properties via regulating various cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharareh Khorami Rouz
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suneel Kumar
- Bio-Design Innovation Centre, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, India
| | - Nitin Swamy
- Fungal Biotechnology and Invertebrate Pathology Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, India
| | - Loknath Deshmukh
- School of Life and Allied Science, ITM University, Raipur, India
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Arabia and Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
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Triyasa KS, Diantini A, Barliana MI. A Review of Herbal Medicine-Based Phytochemical of Garcinia as Molecular Therapy for Breast Cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3573-3588. [PMID: 36248245 PMCID: PMC9554952 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s358229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from globocan statistic in 2020 indicate that breast cancer has become highest incidence rate of cancer. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are known immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers that mediate cell growth and survival signaling. Furthermore, regulator proteins, receptors, and their downstream signaling pathways have emerged as critical components in breast cancer formation and proliferation, and have become well-established therapeutic targets and the core focus of breast cancer therapy research. Garcinia is a big genus in the Clusiaceae family that contains a wide spectrum of biologically active metabolites for the chemical composition of their isolated fruits, stem barks, seeds, leaves, and roots, have resulted including polyisoprenylated benzophenones, polyphenols, bioflavonoids, xanthones, lactones, and triterpenes. This review article aimed to analyze the potential of Garcinia phytochemicals as a molecular therapy of breast cancer. The results showed that phytochemicals of Garcinia (i.e., α-mangostin, Cambogin, Gambogic Acid [GA], Garcinol, Griffipavixanthone, Friedolanostane triterpenoid, Hexane, Neobractatin, 7-Epiclusianone, xanthochymol - guttiferone E, and isoxanthochymol - cycloxanthochymol) have anticancer properties, including apoptosis, inhibition of proliferation, and metastasis. This review is important to provide information regarding phytochemicals of Garcinia as an alternative treatment for breast cancer patients. This article selected 28 article researches based on inclusion criteria with the keyword “Garcinia” and “Breast cancer”, in English, and available in full text and abstract searching on PubMed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komang Suma Triyasa
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ajeng Diantini
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia,Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Melisa Intan Barliana
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia,Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia,Correspondence: Melisa Intan Barliana, Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM. 21, Jatinangor, Bandung, 45363, Indonesia, Email
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Parmanik A, Bose A, Ghosh B, Paul M, Itoo A, Biswas S, Arakha M. Development of triphala churna extract mediated iron oxide nanoparticles as novel treatment strategy for triple negative breast cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Dutta A, Phukan BC, Roy R, Mazumder MK, Paul R, Choudhury A, Kumar D, Bhattacharya P, Nath J, Kumar S, Borah A. Garcinia morella extract confers dopaminergic neuroprotection by mitigating mitochondrial dysfunctions and inflammation in mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1887-1900. [PMID: 35622265 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neuroprotection is the main interest in designing novel therapeutics against Parkinson's disease (PD). In the process of dopaminergic degeneration, mitochondrial dysfunctions and inflammation are significant. While the existing drugs provide symptomatic relief against PD, a therapy conferring total neuroprotection by targeting multiple degenerative pathways is still lacking. Garcinia morella is a common constituent of Ayurvedic medication and has been used for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. The present study investigates whether administration of G. morella fruit extract (GME) in MPTP mouse model of PD protects against dopaminergic neurodegeneration, including the underlying pathophysiologies, and reverses the motor behavioural abnormalities. Administration of GME prevented the loss of dopaminergic cell bodies in the substantia nigra and its terminals in the corpus striatum of PD mice. Subsequently, reversal of parkinsonian behavioural abnormalities, viz. akinesia, catalepsy, and rearing, was observed along with the recovery of striatal dopamine and its metabolites in the experimental model. Furthermore, reduced activity of the mitochondrial complex II in the nigrostriatal pathway of brain of the mice was restored after the administration of GME. Also, MPTP-induced enhanced activation of Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the nigrostriatal pathway, which are the markers of inflammatory stress, were found to be ameliorated on GME treatment. Thus, our study presented a novel mode of dopaminergic neuroprotection by G. morella in PD by targeting the mitochondrial dysfunctions and neuroinflammation, which are considered to be intricately associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankumoni Dutta
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
- Department of Zoology, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya (PDUAM), Behali, Biswanath, Assam, India
| | - Banashree Chetia Phukan
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | - Rubina Roy
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | | | - Rajib Paul
- Department of Zoology, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya (PDUAM), Eraligool, Karimganj, Assam, India
| | | | - Diwakar Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Joyobrato Nath
- Department of Zoology, Cachar College, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India.
| | - Anupom Borah
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India.
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Fakhri S, Moradi SZ, Yarmohammadi A, Narimani F, Wallace CE, Bishayee A. Modulation of TLR/NF-κB/NLRP Signaling by Bioactive Phytocompounds: A Promising Strategy to Augment Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:834072. [PMID: 35299751 PMCID: PMC8921560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.834072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumors often progress to a more aggressive phenotype to resist drugs. Multiple dysregulated pathways are behind this tumor behavior which is known as cancer chemoresistance. Thus, there is an emerging need to discover pivotal signaling pathways involved in the resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and cancer immunotherapy. Reports indicate the critical role of the toll-like receptor (TLR)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing (NLRP) pathway in cancer initiation, progression, and development. Therefore, targeting TLR/NF-κB/NLRP signaling is a promising strategy to augment cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy and to combat chemoresistance. Considering the potential of phytochemicals in the regulation of multiple dysregulated pathways during cancer initiation, promotion, and progression, such compounds could be suitable candidates against cancer chemoresistance. Objectives This is the first comprehensive and systematic review regarding the role of phytochemicals in the mitigation of chemoresistance by regulating the TLR/NF-κB/NLRP signaling pathway in chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Methods A comprehensive and systematic review was designed based on Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane electronic databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed to include papers on TLR/NF-κB/NLRP and chemotherapy/immunotherapy/chemoresistance by phytochemicals. Results Phytochemicals are promising multi-targeting candidates against the TLR/NF-κB/NLRP signaling pathway and interconnected mediators. Employing phenolic compounds, alkaloids, terpenoids, and sulfur compounds could be a promising strategy for managing cancer chemoresistance through the modulation of the TLR/NF-κB/NLRP signaling pathway. Novel delivery systems of phytochemicals in cancer chemotherapy/immunotherapy are also highlighted. Conclusion Targeting TLR/NF-κB/NLRP signaling with bioactive phytocompounds reverses chemoresistance and improves the outcome for chemotherapy and immunotherapy in both preclinical and clinical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Akram Yarmohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Narimani
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Carly E. Wallace
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, United States
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, United States
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Rashidi R, Forouzanfar F, Soukhtanloo M, Ghasemian S, Mousavi SH. Cytotoxic effects of Garcinia mangostana pericarp extract in cancer cell lines. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2022; 19:e130122200196. [PMID: 35049434 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666220113100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Garcinia mangostana, commonly also called mangosteen, is an evergreen tropical tree, and its pericarps have been used in traditional herbal medicine for different diseases. The anticancer efficacy of the ethanolic extract from pericarps of Garcinia mangostana was investigated in human prostate cancer cells (PC3), melanoma cells (B16F10), breast cancer cells (MCF7) and glioblastoma (U87) cell lines. METHODS 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to measure cell viability. propidium iodide (PI) staining and analysis on a flow cytometer was used to identify apoptosis. Action on cell migration was evaluated by scratch assay and gelatin zymography. Furthermore, the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured. Moreover, we investigated the synergistic efficacy with several combinations of Garcinia mangostana extract (GME) with doxorubicin. RESULTS GME reduced cell viability in malignant cell dose and time-dependently. GME-induced sub-G1 peak in flow cytometry histogram of treated cells control representing apoptotic cell death is involved in GME toxicity. Furthermore, GME exhibited inhibitory effects on the migration ability of U87 cells, which was accompanied by inhibition in the activity and expression of MMP2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2). Besides, GSH level and SOD activity was significantly reduced while there was an increase in ROS and MDA concentration following 24 hr GME treatment. Moreover, combination of GME (1.5-25μg/mL) with Dox (6 µg/mL) displayed synergistic efficacy and cell growth inhibition. CONCLUSION In conclusion, GME could cause cell death in PC3, MCF7, U87, and B16F10 cell lines, in which apoptosis plays an imperative role. Plant extract decreased the migration ability of the cells by inhibiting the activity and expression of Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). G. mangostana could be a promising therapeutic strategy to treat cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Rashidi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shirin Ghasemian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Garcinia morella (Gaertn.) Desr.: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235690. [PMID: 33276654 PMCID: PMC7730552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Garcinia morella (Gaertn.) Desr. is an evergreen tree that yields edible fruits, oil, and resin. It is a source of “gamboge”, a gum/resin that has a wide range of uses. The fruits, leaves, and seeds of this tree are rich in bioactive compounds, including xanthones, flavonoids, phenolic acids, organic acids, and terpenoids. Evidence from different studies has demonstrated the antioxidant, antifungal, antiviral, hepatoprotective, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and larvicidal activities of the fruit, leaf, and seed extracts of G. morella. This review summarizes the information on the phytochemicals of G. morella and the biological activities of its active constituents.
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Highly potent cholinesterase inhibition of geranylated xanthones from Garcinia fusca and molecular docking studies. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kureshi AA, Dholakiya C, Hussain T, Mirgal A, Salvi SP, Barua PC, Talukdar M, Beena C, Kar A, Zachariah TJ, Kumari P, Dhanani T, Singh R, Kumar S. Simultaneous identification and quantification of three biologically active xanthones in Garcinia species using a rapid UHPLC-PDA method. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2019.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Xanthones are well recognized as chemotaxonomic markers for the plants belonging to the genus Garcinia. Xanthones have many interesting pharmacological properties. Efficient extraction and rapid liquid chromatography methods are essentially required for qualitative and quantitative determination of xanthones in their natural sources. In the present investigation, fruit rinds extracts of 8 Garcinia species from India, were prepared with solvents of varying polarity. Identification and quantification of 3 xanthones, namely, α-mangostin, β-mangostin, and γ-mangostin in these extracts were carried out using a rapid and validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection (UHPLC–PDA) method at 254 nm. γ-Mangostin (3.97 ± 0.05 min) was first eluted, and it was followed by α-mangostin (4.68 ± 0.03 min) and β-mangostin (5.60 ± 0.04 min). The calibration curve for α-mangostin, β-mangostin, and γ- mangostin was linear in the concentration range 0.781–100 μg/mL. α-Mangostin was quantified in all 4 extracts of Garcinia mangostana. Its content (%) in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of G. mangostana was 10.36 ± 0.10, 4.88 ± 0.01, 3.98 ± 0.004, and 0.044 ± 0.002, respectively. However, the content of α-mangostin was below the limit of detection or limit of quantification in the extracts of other Garcinia species. Similarly, β-mangostin was quantified only in hexane (1.17 ± 0.01%), chloroform (0.39 ± 0.07%), and ethyl acetate (0.28 ± 0.03%) extracts of G. mangostana. γ-Mangostin was quantified in all 4 extracts of G. mangostana. Its content (%) in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of G. mangostana was 0.84 ± 0.01, 1.04 ± 0.01, 0.63 ± 0.04, and 0.15 ± 0.01, respectively. γ-Mangostin was also quantified in hexane (0.09 ± 0.01), chloroform (0.05 ± 0.01), and ethyl acetate (0.03 ± 0.01) extracts of G. cowa, ethyl acetate extract of G. cambogia (0.02 ± 0.01), G. indica (0.03 ± 0.01), and G. loniceroides (0.07 ± 0.01). Similarly, γ-mangostin was quantified in 3 extracts of G. morella, namely, hexane (0.03 ± 0.01), chloroform (0.04 ± 0.01), and methanol (0.03 ± 0.01). In the case of G. xanthochymus, γ-mangostin was quantified in chloroform (0.03 ± 0.001) extract only. α-Mangostin and β-mangostin were not detected in any of 4 extracts of G. pedunculata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azazahemad A. Kureshi
- 1 Deparment of Applied Chemistry, SVNIT, Surat, Gujarat, India
- 10 ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Anand-387310, Gujarat, India
| | - Chirag Dholakiya
- 2 Waters (India) Pvt Ltd., S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad-380015, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Amit Mirgal
- 4 Gogate Joglekar College, Ratnagiri-415612, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddhesh P. Salvi
- 5 Regional Fruit Reseach Station, Vengurla-416516, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - C. Beena
- 7 Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Ashish Kar
- 8 The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), North Eastern Regional Centre, Guwahati-781036, Assam, India
| | - T. John Zachariah
- 9 ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut-673012, Kerala, India
| | - Premlata Kumari
- 1 Deparment of Applied Chemistry, SVNIT, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Tushar Dhanani
- 10 ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Anand-387310, Gujarat, India
| | - Raghuraj Singh
- 10 ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Anand-387310, Gujarat, India
| | - Satyanshu Kumar
- 10 ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Anand-387310, Gujarat, India
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Garcinol Exhibits Anti-Neoplastic Effects by Targeting Diverse Oncogenic Factors in Tumor Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8050103. [PMID: 32365899 PMCID: PMC7277375 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone, is the medicinal component obtained from fruits and leaves of Garcinia indica (G. indica) and has traditionally been extensively used for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, it has been also been experimentally illustrated to elicit anti-cancer properties. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have illustrated the potential therapeutic efficiency of garcinol in management of different malignancies. It mainly acts as an inhibitor of cellular processes via regulation of transcription factors NF-κB and JAK/STAT3 in tumor cells and have been demonstrated to effectively inhibit growth of malignant cell population. Numerous studies have highlighted the anti-neoplastic potential of garcinol in different oncological transformations including colon cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, head and neck cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, etc. However, use of garcinol is still in its pre-clinical stage and this is mainly attributed to the limitations of conclusive evaluation of pharmacological parameters. This necessitates evaluation of garcinol pharmacokinetics to precisely identify an appropriate dose and route of administration, tolerability, and potency under physiological conditions along with characterization of a therapeutic index. Hence, the research is presently ongoing in the dimension of exploring the precise metabolic mechanism of garcinol. Despite various lacunae, garcinol has presented with promising anti-cancer effects. Hence, this review is motivated by the constantly emerging and promising positive anti-cancerous effects of garcinol. This review is the first effort to summarize the mechanism of action of garcinol in modulation of anti-cancer effect via regulation of different cellular processes.
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Effect of the metanolic extract from the leaves of Garcinia humilis Vahl (Clusiaceae) on acute inflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 29:423-438. [PMID: 31552547 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00645-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Garcinia humilis is popularly used to treat digestive, intestinal and inflammatory illness. We investigated the in vivo and in vitro effects of the methanol extract of G. humilis leaves (MEGh) on inflammatory cells behavior (migration and chemical mediators release) and hypersensitivity. Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using carrageenan-induced inflammation in the subcutaneous tissue of male Swiss mice treated orally with MEGh (0.1-30 mg/kg). Leucocyte migration, chemical mediators secretion (TNF, IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL1) and protein exudation were quantified in the exudate. The adhesion molecules expression (CD62L and CD18), chemical mediators and chemotaxis was evaluated using neutrophils or macrophages RAW.264.7 previously treated with the extract (1-100 µg/mL) and activated with LPS. The anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated compounds friedelin, canophyllol, amentoflavone and 3-desmethyl-2-geranyl-4-prenylbellidypholine xanthone (10 μM) was evaluated in macrophages nitric oxide (NO) and TNF release. MEGh, given orally (30 mg/kg), significantly reduced neutrophil migration and decreased TNF, IL-1β and CXCL1 levels, without interfering with protein exudation and IL-6. In vitro, the extract significantly reduced IL-1β and IL-6 levels but did not alter TNF and CXCL1. The MEGh also reduced the expression of CD62L and CD18 and consequently neutrophil chemotaxis. The compounds friedelin, amentoflavone and 3-demethyl-2-geranyl-4-prenylbellidypholine xanthone decreased the secretion of NO and TNF by RAW264.7. The MEGh effects were extended to the pain-like behaviour induced by carrageenan in the mice hindpaw. MEGh presented important anti-inflammatory effects probably due to its activity on neutrophil migration and on important chemical mediator release, scientifically reinforcing its use as medicinal plant.
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Schobert R, Biersack B. Chemical and Biological Aspects of Garcinol and Isogarcinol: Recent Developments. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900366. [PMID: 31386266 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The natural polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivatives garcinol and isogarcinol are secondary plant metabolites isolated from various Garcinia species including Garcinia indica. This review takes stock of the recent chemical and biological research into these interesting natural compounds over the last five years. New biological sources and chemical syntheses are discussed followed by new insights into the activity of garcinol and isogarcinol against cancer, pathogenic bacteria, parasite infections and various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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Elancheran R, Kabilan S, Kotoky J, Ramanathan M, Bhattacharjee A. In Silico Molecular Docking, Synthesis of 4-(4-benzoylaminophenoxy) Phenol Derivatives as Androgen Receptor Antagonists. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2019; 22:307-316. [PMID: 31267866 DOI: 10.2174/1386207322666190701124752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE To study the structural difference, optimization, molecular docking and development of new benzoyl amino phenoxy phenol derivatives as anti-prostate cancer agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Strategies towards the identification of novel benzoyl amino phenoxy phenol (BAPP), molecular docking was performed with the designed Androgen Receptor (AR) blockers. Pharmacophore-based studies revealed that the nitro- or cyano-substituted anilide groups have influenced the activity profiles of non-steroidal AR antagonists, followed by the molecular docking studies with five AR receptors. Molecular docking studies were carried out using Maestro from Schrödinger. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) properties of the BAPP derivatives were evaluated for the predictive bioavailability/drug-likeness. These studies supported vital information for designing new anti-prostate cancer agents. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION There are 125 compounds were screened and best fit compounds (12 entries) were well-synthesized in good to excellent yields and anticancer activities were evaluated. The compounds, 6i showed the highest activities of this series (14.65 ± 1.35 µM). CONCLUSION The present approach is simple and efficient for the synthesis of BAPP derivatives and the observed IC50 values of BAPPs were in good agreement with the glide scores obtained from the molecular docking. We, further, intend to carry out in vitro and in vivo AR binding studies for the active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Elancheran
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthamaraikannan Kabilan
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jibon Kotoky
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
| | - Muthiah Ramanathan
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore 641 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Atanu Bhattacharjee
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
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Li M, Li B, Xia ZM, Tian Y, Zhang D, Rui WJ, Dong JX, Xiao FJ. Anticancer Effects of Five Biflavonoids from Ginkgo Biloba L. Male Flowers In Vitro. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081496. [PMID: 30995808 PMCID: PMC6514578 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L., an ancient dioecious gymnosperm, is now cultivated worldwide for landscaping and medical purposes. A novel biflavonoid—amentoflavone 7′′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1)—and four known biflavonoids were isolated and identified from the male flowers of Ginkgo. The anti-proliferative activities of five biflavonoids were evaluated on different cancer lines. Bilobetin (3) and isoginkgetin (4) exhibited better anti-proliferative activities on different cancer lines. Their effects were found to be cell-specific and in a dose and time dependent manner for the most sensitive HeLa cells. The significant morphological changes validated their anticancer effects in a dose-dependent manner. They were capable of arresting the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, inducing the apoptosis of HeLa cells dose-dependently and activating the proapoptotic protein Bax and the executor caspase-3. Bilobetin (3) could also inhibit the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. These might be the mechanism underlying their anti-proliferation. In short, bilobetin (3) and isoginkgetin (4) might be the early lead compounds for new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Zi-Ming Xia
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Ying Tian
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Rui
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Jun-Xing Dong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Feng-Jun Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-(phenoxymethyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as anti-breast cancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 168:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ding M, He SJ, Yang J. MCP-1/CCL2 Mediated by Autocrine Loop of PDGF-BB Promotes Invasion of Lung Cancer Cell by Recruitment of Macrophages Via CCL2–CCR2 Axis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:224-232. [PMID: 30730243 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Jun He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jiong Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Gao S, Cheng X, Li J. Lipid nanobubbles as an ultrasound-triggered artesunate delivery system for imaging-guided, tumor-targeted chemotherapy. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1841-1850. [PMID: 30881036 PMCID: PMC6408921 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s190208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Herein, this study is to prepare folic acid (FA)-conjugated lipid nanobubbles (NBs) that highly load artesunate (Arte; FA-ALNBs), as an ultrasound (US)-triggered Arte delivery system for imaging-guided, tumor-targeted chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The morphology, size, zeta potential, and stability of the FA-ALNBs were detected by optical microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis. The cellular uptake of the FA-ALNBs was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry. RESULTS The FA-ALNBs showed uniform spheroidal structure, with 781.2±5.3 nm in average diameter, great physiological stability, and ~91.9%±1.1% encapsulation efficiency of Arte. Using focused US, about 36.1%±2.5% of the entrapped Arte was trigger-released from the FA-ALNBs. Owing to the US contrast property, FA-ALNBs showed an enhanced US signal in vitro when using an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus with a 1-MHz linear transducer. Due to the FA receptor-mediated endocytosis effect, FA-ALNBs can be efficiently internalized by cells, showing an uptake ratio of about 56.4%±3.1%. FA-ALNBs showed an enhanced, dose-dependent cell-killing ability, while FA-ALNBs plus US irradiation exhibited a stronger anticancer effect in vitro. Post intravenous injection into tumor-bearing mice, FA-ALNBs showed an enhanced US contrast effect with increase in time, indicating the increasing accumulation of FA-ALNBs in tumor tissue, which peaked at 4 hours post injection. Focused US irradiation was conducted on the tumor region at 4 hours post injection of FA-ALNBs, which showed a greater tumor suppression effect after 30 days of treatment compared with all other treatment groups. Moreover, FA-ALNBs showed negligible systemic toxicity in vivo. CONCLUSION This versatile US-triggered drug delivery system with great anticancer efficacy was assessed both in vitro and in vivo, revealing great potential as a cancer theranostic agent for future application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gao
- Ultrasound Department, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, China
| | - Xiaohui Cheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China,
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Santin JR, da Silva GF, Pastor MVD, Broering MF, Nunes R, Braga RC, de Sousa ITS, Stiz DS, da Silva KABS, Stoeberl LC, Corrêa R, Filho VC, Dos Santos CEM, Quintão NLM. Biological and Toxicological Evaluation of N-(4methyl-phenyl)-4-methylphthalimide on Bone Cancer in Mice. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:667-676. [PMID: 30734686 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190207130732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was recently demonstrated that the phthalimide N-(4-methyl-phenyl)-4- methylphthalimide (MPMPH-1) has important effects against acute and chronic pain in mice, with a mechanism of action correlated to adenylyl cyclase inhibition. Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that phthalimide derivatives presented antiproliferative and anti-tumor effects. Considering the literature data, the present study evaluated the effects of MPMPH-1 on breast cancer bone metastasis and correlated painful symptom, and provided additional toxicological information about the compound and its possible metabolites. METHODS In silico toxicological analysis was supported by in vitro and in vivo experiments to demonstrate the anti-tumor and anti-hypersensitivity effects of the compound. RESULTS The data obtained with the in silico toxicological analysis demonstrated that MPMPH-1 has mutagenic potential, with a low to moderate level of confidence. The mutagenicity potential was in vivo confirmed by micronucleus assay. MPMPH-1 treatments in the breast cancer bone metastasis model were able to prevent the osteoclastic resorption of bone matrix. Regarding cartilage, degradation was considerably reduced within the zoledronic acid group, while in MPMPH-1, chondrocyte multiplication was observed in random areas, suggesting bone regeneration. Additionally, the repeated treatment of mice with MPMPH-1 (10 mg/kg, i.p.), once a day for up to 36 days, significantly reduces the hypersensitivity in animals with breast cancer bone metastasis. CONCLUSION Together, the data herein obtained show that MPMPH-1 is relatively safe, and significantly control the cancer growth, allied to the reduction in bone reabsorption and stimulation of bone and cartilage regeneration. MPMPH-1 effects may be linked, at least in part, to the ability of the compound to interfere with adenylylcyclase pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Santin
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Gislaine F da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Maria V D Pastor
- Biomedicine Course, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Milena F Broering
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Roberta Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dorimar S Stiz
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Kathryn A B S da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Luis C Stoeberl
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Rogério Corrêa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Valdir C Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
| | | | - Nara L M Quintão
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
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Emerging Role of Garcinol in Targeting Cancer Stem Cells of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-019-00169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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