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Zhang Y, Zhang XY, Shi SR, Ma CN, Lin YP, Song WG, Guo SD. Natural products in atherosclerosis therapy by targeting PPARs: a review focusing on lipid metabolism and inflammation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1372055. [PMID: 38699583 PMCID: PMC11064802 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1372055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and dyslipidemia are critical inducing factors of atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors and control the expression of multiple genes that are involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses. However, synthesized PPAR agonists exhibit contrary therapeutic effects and various side effects in atherosclerosis therapy. Natural products are structural diversity and have a good safety. Recent studies find that natural herbs and compounds exhibit attractive therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis by alleviating hyperlipidemia and inflammation through modulation of PPARs. Importantly, the preparation of natural products generally causes significantly lower environmental pollution compared to that of synthesized chemical compounds. Therefore, it is interesting to discover novel PPAR modulator and develop alternative strategies for atherosclerosis therapy based on natural herbs and compounds. This article reviews recent findings, mainly from the year of 2020 to present, about the roles of natural herbs and compounds in regulation of PPARs and their therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis. This article provides alternative strategies and theoretical basis for atherosclerosis therapy using natural herbs and compounds by targeting PPARs, and offers valuable information for researchers that are interested in developing novel PPAR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shan-Rui Shi
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chao-Nan Ma
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yun-Peng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Qixia Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital in Shandong Province, Yantai, China
| | - Wen-Gang Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
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Kumar P, Paul RK, Roy HS, Yeasin M, Ajit, Paul AK. Big Data Analysis in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2719:181-197. [PMID: 37803119 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3461-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in high-throughput technologies, genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics play an important role in obtaining biological information about living organisms. The field of computational biology and bioinformatics has experienced significant growth with the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies and other high-throughput techniques. The resulting large amounts of data present both opportunities and challenges for data analysis. Big data analysis has become essential for extracting meaningful insights from the massive amount of data. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the current status of big data analysis in computational biology and bioinformatics. We discuss the various aspects of big data analysis, including data acquisition, storage, processing, and analysis. We also highlight some of the challenges and opportunities of big data analysis in this area of research. Despite the challenges, big data analysis presents significant opportunities like development of efficient and fast computing algorithms for advancing our understanding of biological processes, identifying novel biomarkers for breeding research and developments, predicting disease, and identifying potential drug targets for drug development programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Paul
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Himadri Shekhar Roy
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Yeasin
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajit
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Amrit Kumar Paul
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
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3
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Liu L, Zhou Y, Huang X, Chen H, Gong Z, Zhang J, Zeng F, Zhou H, Zhang Y. Effects of WuZhi preparations on tacrolimus in pediatric and adult patients carrying the CYP3A5*1 allele of heart transplant during the early period after transplantation. Clin Transplant 2024; 38:e15237. [PMID: 38289887 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
AIM Wuzhi preparations (WZP) are commonly administrated with tacrolimus (TAC) in China to improve the liver function and increase the exposure of TAC. This study aims to investigate the effects of WZP on TAC in pediatric heart transplantation (HTx) patients carrying the CYP3A5*1 allele during the early period after transplantation and also make a comparison with these effects in adult recipients. METHODS A total of 81 recipients with CYP3A5*1 allele were included and divided into the pediatric group (n = 29) and adult group (n = 52). The changes in TAC dose-corrected trough blood concentrations (C0 /D), dose requirement as well as intra-patient variability(IPV) of C0 /D after co-therapy with WZP were evaluated. RESULTS The TAC C0 /D was significantly increased 1.7 and 1.8 times after co-administration of WZP in the pediatric and adult groups, respectively. We further analyzed the pediatric patients, found that no statistical difference was observed in TAC C0 /D before and after co-therapy with WZP in children <6 years old. The changes of C0 /D increased with the dose of the active ingredient (Schisantherin A) in adult patients, but not in pediatric patients. TAC IPV was reduced by 10.5% in pediatric patients and 4.8% in adult patients when co-administrated with WZP. Furthermore, after taking WZP, the AST and TB were dramatically lowered in pediatric recipients. CONCLUSION Our study is the first attempt to demonstrate the effects of WZP on TAC in pediatric HTx recipients. By comparing these effects to those observed in adult recipients, valuable insights can be gained regarding the efficacy and potential benefits of WZP in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Hefen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhujun Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
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You YL, Lee JY, Choi HS. S chisandra chinensis-derived gomisin C suppreses lipid accumulation by JAK2-STAT signaling in adipocyte. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1225-1233. [PMID: 37362811 PMCID: PMC10290005 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gomisin C is a lignan isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of gomisin C on lipid accumulation in adipocytes and its underlying mechanism. Gomisin C effectively inhibited lipid accumulation by downregulating adipogenic factors such as PPARγ and C/EBPα. Gomisin C-mediated suppression of lipid accumulation occurred in the early adipogenic stage; C/EBPβ was downregulated by 55%, while KLF2 was upregulated by 1.5-fold. Gomisin C significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species but upregulated antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, SOD1, and Gpx at the mRNA level. Gomisin C regulated NRF2-KEAP1 pathway by increasing NRF2 and decreasing KEAP1, in protein abundance. Furthermore, gomisin C suppressed the JAK2-STAT signaling pathway by decreasing phosphorylation. Taken together, gomisin C reduced early adipogenesis and ROS production by inhibiting the JAK2-STAT signaling pathway but activating the NRF2-KEAP1 signaling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01263-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Lim You
- Department of Food Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Hongjimun 2-Gil 20, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03016 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Lee
- Department of Food Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Hongjimun 2-Gil 20, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03016 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Hongjimun 2-Gil 20, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03016 Republic of Korea
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Miao M, Wang X, Liu T, Li YJ, Yu WQ, Yang TM, Guo SD. Targeting PPARs for therapy of atherosclerosis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125008. [PMID: 37217063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chief pathogenic factor of cardiovascular disease, is associated with many factors including inflammation, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors and are widely expressed with tissue- and cell-specificity. They control multiple genes that are involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and redox homeostasis. Given the diverse biological functions of PPARs, they have been extensively studied since their discovery in 1990s. Although controversies exist, accumulating evidence have demonstrated that PPAR activation attenuates atherosclerosis. Recent advances are valuable for understanding the mechanisms of action of PPAR activation. This article reviews the recent findings, mainly from the year of 2018 to present, including endogenous molecules in regulation of PPARs, roles of PPARs in atherosclerosis by focusing on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and synthesized PPAR modulators. This article provides information valuable for researchers in the field of basic cardiovascular research, for pharmacologists that are interested in developing novel PPAR agonists and antagonists with lower side effects as well as for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Miao
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Wen-Qian Yu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tong-Mei Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Lin S, Huang L, Wu Y, Huang L, Wu P, Huang T, Li Z, Hu Y. Uncovering the protective mechanism of Pien-Tze-Huang in rat with alcoholic liver injury based on cytokines analysis and untargeted metabonomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1217:123626. [PMID: 36753840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pien-Tze-Huang (PTH) is a well-known traditional Chinese patent medicine with excellent liver-protection effect. However, the mechanism of hepatoprotective action has not yet been entirely elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of protective effect of PTH on alcohol-induced liver injury in rats using cytokine analysis and untargeted metabolomics approaches. An alcoholic liver disease (ALD) model with SD rats was established, and PTH was administered according to the prescribed dose. The hepatoprotective effect of PTH was evaluated by pathological observation of liver tissue and changes in biochemical index activity and cytokines in serum. Serum samples were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS), and differentially expressed metabolites were screened by multivariate statistical analysis. KEGG combined with metabolic pathway analysis were used to evaluate the underlying metabolic pathways. Results showed liver histopathology injury was attenuated. The levels of IL-6, TNF-α and NF-κB were significantly decreased in rats intervened with PTH groups, suggesting that it may alleviate inflammation via suppressing the inflammatory cytokines signaling pathway. Eighty differentially expressed metabolites were found and identified. Pathway analysis indicated that the hepatoprotective effects of PTH occurred through the regulation of inflammatory cytokines signaling pathway, primary bile acid biosynthesis, vitamin B6 metabolism pathway, cholesterol metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism. PTH showed favorable hepatoprotective effect through multiple pathways. This study has great importance in fully revealing the mechanism of hepatoprotective action and can help improve the clinical application of PTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouer Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical university, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Physical and Chemical Analysis Department, Fujian Provincial Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Lingyi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical university, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Youjia Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical university, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Liying Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical university, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Pingping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical university, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Tingxuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical university, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Zhenyue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical university, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Yuhan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical university, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
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Zhou Y, Huang X, Liu L, Zeng F, Han Y, Zhang J, Zhou H, Zhang Y. Effect of Wuzhi preparations on tacrolimus in CYP3A5 expressers during the early period after transplantation: A real-life experience from heart transplant recipients. Transpl Immunol 2023; 76:101748. [PMID: 36423734 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms and drug interactions are associated with tacrolimus exposure. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Wuzhi (WZ) preparations on tacrolimus (TAC) concentration and dose requirements in heart transplant recipients with the CYP3A5*1 allele during the early period after transplantation. METHODS A total of 167 adult heart transplant recipients with the CYP3A5*1 allele were included and divided into the WZ group (n = 115) and the WZ-free group (n = 52). Blood trough concentrations of TAC were detected and the dose-adjusted concentration (C0/D) and dose requirement for achieving the TAC therapeutic range were compared between the two groups. The change in C0/D and dose of TAC were evaluated before and after co-administration with WZ preparations. RESULTS No significant differences in TAC C0/D and dose requirement were observed between the WZ and WZ-free groups. However, the TAC C0/D in the WZ group was significantly increased an average of 2.10-fold after co-administration of WZ. Moreover, the degree of elevation was related to the dose of the active ingredient (Schisantherin A). Furthermore, ALT, AST, and TB levels were significantly reduced after administration of WZ preparations. CONCLUSION Co-administration of the WZ/TAC preparation, in heart transplant recipients carrying the CYP3A5*1 allele, considerably increased TAC concentration (C0/D) while decreased high levels of leading indicators in the liver function. More importantly, the effect of the WZ/TAC preparation on C0/D was a dose-dependent event. However, our finding needs to be further confirmed in a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China.
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Miedziaszczyk M, Bajon A, Jakielska E, Primke M, Sikora J, Skowrońska D, Idasiak-Piechocka I. Controversial Interactions of Tacrolimus with Dietary Supplements, Herbs and Food. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102154. [PMID: 36297591 PMCID: PMC9611668 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive calcineurin inhibitor used to prevent rejection in allogeneic organ transplant recipients, such as kidney, liver, heart or lung. It is metabolized in the liver, involving the cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) isoform CYP3A4, and is characterized by a narrow therapeutic window, dose-dependent toxicity and high inter-individual and intra-individual variability. In view of the abovementioned facts, the aim of the study is to present selected interactions between tacrolimus and the commonly used dietary supplements, herbs and food. The review was based on the available scientific literature found in the PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases. An increase in the serum concentration of tacrolimus can be caused by CYP3A4 inhibitors, such as grapefruit, pomelo, clementine, pomegranate, ginger and turmeric, revealing the side effects of this drug, particularly nephrotoxicity. In contrast, CYP3A4 inducers, such as St. John’s Wort, may result in a lack of therapeutic effect by reducing the drug concentration. Additionally, the use of Panax ginseng, green tea, Schisandra sphenanthera and melatonin in patients receiving tacrolimus is highly controversial. Therefore, since alternative medicine constitutes an attractive treatment option for patients, modern healthcare should emphasize the potential interactions between herbal medicines and synthetic drugs. In fact, each drug or herbal supplement should be reported by the patient to the physician (concordance) if it is taken in the course of immunosuppressive therapy, since it may affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of other preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Miedziaszczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleksander Bajon
- Student’s Scientific Section of Nephrology and Clinical Transplantology, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewelina Jakielska
- Student’s Scientific Section of Nephrology and Clinical Transplantology, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Primke
- Student’s Scientific Section of Nephrology and Clinical Transplantology, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Sikora
- Student’s Scientific Section of Nephrology and Clinical Transplantology, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dagmara Skowrońska
- Student’s Scientific Section of Nephrology and Clinical Transplantology, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ilona Idasiak-Piechocka
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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Wang Y, Shen QL, Xin Q, Sun B, Zhang S, Fang QH, Shi YX, Niu WY, Lin JN, Li CJ. MCAD activation by empagliflozin promotes fatty acid oxidation and reduces lipid deposition in NASH. J Mol Endocrinol 2022; 69:415-430. [PMID: 35900373 DOI: 10.1530/jme-22-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) is one of the significant enzymes involved in the β-oxidation of mitochondrial fatty acids. MCAD deficiency affects the β-oxidation of fatty acid and leads to lipid deposition in multiple organs, but little is known about its importance in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Empagliflozin is revealed to effectively improve NASH by increasing research, whereas the specific mechanism still has to be explored. Human liver tissues of patients with or without NASH were obtained for proteomic analysis to screen proteins of interest. db/db mice were given empagliflozin by gavage for 8 weeks. The expression of MCAD and signaling molecules involved in hepatic lipid metabolism was evaluated in human liver, mice and HL7702 cells. We found that the MCAD levels in the liver were significantly reduced in NASH patients compared to patients without NASH. Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that MCAD was highly correlated with forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) and protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha (PRKAA). AMPK/FOXA2/MCAD signaling pathway was detected to be inhibited in the liver of NASH patients. Decreased expression of MCAD was also observed in the livers of db/db mice and hepatocyte treated with palmitic acid and glucose. Of note, empagliflozin could upregulate MCAD expression by activating AMPK/FOXA2 signaling pathway, reduce lipid deposition and improve NASH in vivo and in vitro. This research demonstrated that MCAD is a key player of hepatic lipid deposition and its targeting partially corrects NASH. MCAD thus may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi-Ling Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Xin
- Department of Pathology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian-Hua Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying-Xin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Yan Niu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Na Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun-Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Chen C, Feng Y, Li H, Lin H, Jing S, Li H, Wang C, Chen J, Sun J. Pharmacokinetics and Main Metabolites of Anwulignan in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:929177. [PMID: 35865951 PMCID: PMC9294735 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.929177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anwulignan is a representative component of Chinese traditional medicine Schisandra sphenanthera, with strong pharmacological activities. However, there are few reports on its pharmacokinetics and metabolites in the body. In this study, a metabolomic method based on UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was used to study the pharmacokinetics of anwulignan in the blood, organs, urine, and feces samples of mice after the intragastric administration of anwulignan (10 mg/kg). The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated, and the distribution characteristics and main metabolites of anwulignan in the body of mice were analyzed. The results showed that the retention time of anwulignan in the body of mice was longer (t1/2 = 7.1 h), and anwulignan was widely distributed in the body (Vz/F = 32.81 L/kg), especially in the liver. The order of anwulignan concentration in the tissues of mice from high to low was the liver > heart > brain > kidney > lung > spleen. Anwulignan was mainly excreted through the digestive tract in the form of its prototype and metabolites, indicating that it might experience an enterohepatic circulation. A total of seven metabolites were identified, and the demethylation, hydroxylation, dehydroxylation, and demethoxylation were considered to be the main metabolic ways of anwulignan in the body of mice.
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Du Y, Song W, Xiong XF, Ge WH, Huai-Jun Z. Population pharmacokinetics and dosage optimization of tacrolimus coadministration with Wuzhi capsule in adult liver transplant patients. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:274-283. [PMID: 35502774 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2073851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. This study aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetic model of tacrolimus coadministration with Wuzhi capsule and optimize the dosage regimen in adult liver transplant patients.2. Totally 1327 tacrolimus trough concentrations from 116 adult liver transplant patients were obtained for model development. A one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination was used to analyse the data, and the final model was internally verified using a goodness-of-fit diagnostic plot, bootstrap methods, and visual prediction test. A total of 29 patients with 250 tacrolimus trough concentrations was used for external validation via prediction-based diagnostics. Additionally, the simulation was used to optimize the recommended dose of tacrolimus and Wuzhi capsules.3. The estimated apparent clearance and volume of the distribution of tacrolimus were 15.4 L/h and 1210 L, respectively. The tacrolimus daily dose, Wuzhi capsule daily dose, postoperative time, alanine transaminase, haemoglobin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and urea, concomitant with voriconazole and fluconazole, were identified as significant covariates affecting the pharmacokinetic parameters. Internal and external validation showed that the final model was stable and reliable for predicting performance.4. The final model could provide guidance for dosage optimization of tacrolimus coadministered with Wuzhi capsules in adult liver transplantation patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Medical Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Fu Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Hong Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Medical Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhu Huai-Jun
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Medical Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Sun Q, Li L, Zhou Q. Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Schisandra sphenanthera on the Pharmacokinetics of Rosuvastatin in Rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:1473-1481. [PMID: 35607596 PMCID: PMC9123906 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s364234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Wuzhi capsule (WZ) is a proprietary Chinese medicine prepared from the ethanolic extract of Schisandra sphenanthera that is commonly used to treat liver injury. Statins are widely used in patients with hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Co-administration of statins with WZ is possible in clinical practice. WZ has obvious inhibitory effects on the bioavailability of atorvastatin and simvastatin; however, the drug–herb interactions between WZ and rosuvastatin have not been addressed. We explored the effects of WZ on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in Sprague-Dawley rats to promote a rational use of statins. Methods Eighteen male rats were randomly and evenly divided into three groups: control group (gavage feeding of rosuvastatin 10 mg·kg−1), single dose group (gavage feeding of a single dose of WZ 150 mg·kg−1 followed by rosuvastatin 10 mg·kg−1) and multiple doses group (gavage feeding of WZ 150 mg·kg−1 for 7 days followed by rosuvastatin 10 mg·kg−1 on the seventh day). Plasma samples were collected at different times before and after rosuvastatin administration. The other 18 female rats were tested the same way as the male rats. All samples were analyzed by a validated LC-MS/MS method, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental model. Results In both male and female rats, there were no statistically significant differences in rosuvastatin pharmacokinetic parameters between the control group, the single dose group, and the multi-dose group. Conclusion Acute or long-term intake of WZ had no obvious effect on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin, and therefore rosuvastatin could be used as an alternative to atorvastatin and simvastatin when WZ is clinically required in conjunction with statins. An appropriate pharmacodynamic study is needed to encourage the safe use of this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Li Li, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, No. 12 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Quan Zhou, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road No. 88, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 571 89713473, Email
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13
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Cheng X, Jie M, Xu X, Zhang L, Wang X, Wu R. Effect of Wuzhi capsules on cyclosporine A concentration in children with aplastic anemia immunotherapy: a single-center observational study. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:365-369. [PMID: 35212597 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2045193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research aimed to assess the effect of Wuzhi capsules (WZC) on the blood concentration of cyclosporine A (CsA) in renal aplastic anemia recipients. METHODS : This observational study was carried out at the Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital between November 2019 and February 2020. A total of 102 Chinese AA recipients receiving CsA (6mg/kg/d) with or without WZC were included in this study. Baseline data, such as age, therapeutic drug monitoring data, and follow-up information were collected. The promotion concentration of CsA was calculated, and the pharmaceutical economics evaluation with combination of two drugs was also carried out. RESULTS : Dose- and body weight-adjusted trough concentrations (C0/D/W) of CsA in the WZC group were found to be significantly higher than that in the non-WZC group (P<0.01). The average C0 of CsA increased by (63.27±45.81) ng/mL. The incidence of adverse events was also not statistically significant between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION :WZC can increase CsA concentration without increasing adverse drug reactions. Efficient and convenient immunosuppressive effects on AA recipients can be achieved via immunosuppressant therapy in combination with WZC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Ma Jie
- Department of Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Department of Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Runhui Wu
- Department of Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045 China
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14
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Teng F, Wang W, Zhang W, Qu J, Liu B, Chen J, Liu S, Li M, Chen W, Wei H. Effect of hepar-protecting Wuzhi capsule on Pharmacokinetics and Dose-effect Character of Tacrolimus in Healthy Volunteers. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2022; 43:119-129. [PMID: 35180322 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Wuzhi capsule (WZC), a preparation of Fructus Schisandra sphenanthera extract, has been widely used for the treatment of viral and drug-induced hepatitis in China. This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of tacrolimus (TAC) when co-administered with WZC and its dose-effect of WZC on TAC in healthy volunteers. We assessed the effect of increased dosage of WZC (1, 2, 6, and 8 capsules once daily) on the relative oral exposure of TAC to explore the dose-response relationship between WZC and TAC using bioanalysis, pharmacokinetic, genotypical analyses. We elucidate the influence of CYP3A5 and MDR1 genetic polymorphisms on the WZC dose by maintaining Ctrough of TAC in Chinese healthy volunteers. When co-administered with WZC, the Tmax of TAC was increased significantly while the apparent oral clearance was decreased. The plasma TAC level in volunteers with high CYP3A5 expression was greatly lower than that in those with mutant CYP3A5. However, polymorphisms of MDR1 exon26 C3435T, exon21 G2677T/A and exon12 C1236T were not associated with plasma TAC levels. Our findings provide important information on interactions between modern medications and herbal products, thus facilitating a better usage of TAC in patients receiving WZC. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Teng
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyue Zhang
- School of Nursing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Qu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binguo Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, No.983 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyi Liu
- Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingming Li
- Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Yang K, Qiu J, Huang Z, Yu Z, Wang W, Hu H, You Y. A comprehensive review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. and Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114759. [PMID: 34678416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra chinensis (called bei-wuweizi in Chinese, S. chinensis) and Schisandra sphenanthera (called nan-wuweizi in Chinese, S. sphenanthera) are two highly similar plants in the Magnoliaceae family. Their dried ripe fruits are commonly used as traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of coughs, palpitation, spermatorrhea, and insomnia. They also are traditionally used as tonics in Russia, Japan, and Korea. AIM OF THE REVIEW S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera are similar in appearance, traditional applications, ingredient compositions, and therapeutic effects. This review, therefore, aims to provide a systematic insight into the botanical background, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, quality control, and toxicology of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera, and to explore and present the similarities and differences between S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search regarding S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera was collected by using electronic databases including PubMed, SciFinder, Science Direct, Web of Science, CNKI, and the online ethnobotanical database. RESULTS In the 2020 Edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP), there were 100 prescriptions containing S. chinensis, while only 11 contained S. sphenanthera. Totally, 306 and 238 compounds have been isolated and identified from S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera, respectively. Among these compounds, lignans, triterpenoids, essential oils, phenolic acid, flavonoids, phytosterols are the major composition. Through investigation of pharmacological activities, S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have similar therapeutic effects including hepatoprotection, neuroprotection, cardioprotection, anticancer, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and hypoglycemic effect. Besides, S. chinensis turns out to have more effects including reproductive regulation and immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antitussive and antiasthmatic, anti-fatigue, antiarthritic, and bone remodeling effects. Both S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have inhibitory effects on CYP3A and P-gp, which can mediate metabolism or efflux of substrates, and therefore interact with many drugs. CONCLUSIONS S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have great similarities. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans are regarded to contribute to most of the bioactivities. Schisandrin A-C, schisandrol A-B, and schisantherin A, existing in both S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera but differing in the amount, are the main active components, which may contribute to the similarities and differences. Study corresponding to the traditional use is needed to reveal the deep connotation of the use of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera as traditional Chinese medicine. In addition, a joint study of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera can better show the difference between them, which can provide a reference for clinical application. It is worth mentioning that the inhibition of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera on CYP3A and P-gp may lead to undesirable drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zecheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ziwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Huiling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yu You
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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16
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Huang S, Zhang D, Li Y, Fan H, Liu Y, Huang W, Deng C, Wang W, Song X. Schisandra sphenanthera: A Comprehensive Review of its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Clinical Applications. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1577-1622. [PMID: 34559620 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils (S. sphenanthera) is a single species of Schisandra genus, Magnoliaceae family, and it is a famous medicinal herb mostly growing in southern China, China Taiwan and Vietnam. S. sphenanthera is usually used for the treatments of hepatitis, Alzheimer's disease, renal transplantation, osteoporosis, and insomnia. In present studies, approximately 310 natural constituents have been isolated from S. sphenanthera, including lignans, triterpenes, volatile oils, and polysaccharides, which were mainly obtained from the fruits and stems of S. sphenanthera. Pharmocological studies have shown that the extracts and monomeric compounds of S. sphenanthera possessed wide-range bioactivities, such as antitumor, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, osteoblastic, immune regulation, neuroprotective, kidney protection, hepatoprotective, and antiviral activities. However, resource availability, quality control measures, in-depth in vivo pharmacological study, and clinical application are still insufficient and deserve further studies. This review systematically summarized literatures on the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, development utilization, and clinical application of S. sphenanthera, in hopes of provide a useful reference for researchers for further studies of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - Yuze Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - Hao Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - Wenli Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - Chong Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
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Wang Q, Liu L, Guan H, Zhou Y, Li Q. Schizandrin A ameliorates cognitive functions via modulating microglial polarisation in Alzheimer's disease mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:860-867. [PMID: 34214019 PMCID: PMC8259827 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1941132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Schizandrin A (Sch A) is a major phytochemical from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (Schisandraceae), which exerts a neuroprotective effect in Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of Sch A in AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS AD group: APP/PS1 transgenic mice served as AD models; AD + SCH group: APP/PS1 received 2 mg/kg Sch A by intragastric administration; WT: C57BL/6 mice were used as control. For in vitro assay, mouse microglial BV2 cells were treated with 0.5 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide or combined with 10 μmol/L Sch A for 24 h. The cognitive function and apoptosis in the mice was estimated. Microglial polarisation in the mice and cells was analysed. RESULTS Sch A treatment effectively improved spatial learning and memory ability and suppressed apoptosis in the brain tissues of APP/PS1 mice. APP/PS1 mice exhibited an increase in the levels of Aβ1-42 (2367.9 ± 431.1 pg/mg) and Aβ1-40 (1753.3 ± 253.4 pg/mg), which was abolished by Sch A treatment. Moreover, Sch A treatment repressed the proportions of iNOS+/Iba-1+ cells and IL-6 expression, while enhanced the proportions of Arg-1+/Iba-1+ cells and IL-10 expression in APP/PS1 mice. In vitro, Sch A treatment reduced the proportions of CD16/32+ cells, iNOS expression and IL-6 levels (25.7 ± 5.3 pg/mL) repressed M1 polarisation, and enhanced the proportions of CD206 cells, Arg-1 expression and IL-10 levels (75.9 ± 12.8 pg/mL) in BV2 cells. CONCLUSIONS This research confirms the neuroprotective effect of Sch A in AD, suggesting that Sch A may become a potential anti-AD agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Teaching and Research Department of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huibo Guan
- Teaching and Research Department of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Teaching and Research Department of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Quan Li
- Hospital Office, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Tang R, Li R, Li H, Ma XL, Du P, Yu XY, Ren L, Wang LL, Zheng WS. Design of Hepatic Targeted Drug Delivery Systems for Natural Products: Insights into Nomenclature Revision of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17016-17046. [PMID: 34705426 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), affects a quarter of the worldwide population. Natural products have been extensively utilized in treating NAFLD because of their distinctive advantages over chemotherapeutic drugs, despite the fact that there are no approved drugs for therapy. Notably, the limitations of many natural products, such as poor water solubility, low bioavailability in vivo, low hepatic distribution, and lack of targeted effects, have severely restricted their clinical application. These issues could be resolved via hepatic targeted drug delivery systems (HTDDS) that boost clinical efficacy in treating NAFLD and decrease the adverse effects on other organs. Herein an overview of natural products comprising formulas, single medicinal plants, and their crude extracts has been presented to treat NAFLD. Also, the clinical efficacy and molecular mechanism of active monomer compounds against NAFLD are systematically discussed. The targeted delivery of natural products via HTDDS has been explored to provide a different nanotechnology-based NAFLD treatment strategy and to make suggestions for natural-product-based targeted nanocarrier design. Finally, the challenges and opportunities put forth by the nomenclature update of NAFLD are outlined along with insights into how to improve the NAFLD therapy and how to design more rigorous nanocarriers for the HTDDS. In brief, we summarize the up-to-date developments of the NAFLD-HTDDS based on natural products and provide viewpoints for the establishment of more stringent anti-NAFLD natural-product-targeted nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Tang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - He Li
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peng Du
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao-You Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ling Ren
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Zheng
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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19
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Fu K, Wang C, Ma C, Zhou H, Li Y. The Potential Application of Chinese Medicine in Liver Diseases: A New Opportunity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:771459. [PMID: 34803712 PMCID: PMC8600187 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.771459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases have been a common challenge for people all over the world, which threatens the quality of life and safety of hundreds of millions of patients. China is a major country with liver diseases. Metabolic associated fatty liver disease, hepatitis B virus and alcoholic liver disease are the three most common liver diseases in our country, and the number of patients with liver cancer is increasing. Therefore, finding effective drugs to treat liver disease has become an urgent task. Chinese medicine (CM) has the advantages of low cost, high safety, and various biological activities, which is an important factor for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. This review systematically summarizes the potential of CM in the treatment of liver diseases, showing that CM can alleviate liver diseases by regulating lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, immune function, and gut microbiota, as well as exerting anti-liver injury, anti-oxidation, and anti-hepatitis virus effects. Among them, Keap1/Nrf2, TGF-β/SMADS, p38 MAPK, NF-κB/IκBα, NF-κB-NLRP3, PI3K/Akt, TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB and IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathways are mainly involved. In conclusion, CM is very likely to be a potential candidate for liver disease treatment based on modern phytochemistry, pharmacology, and genomeproteomics, which needs more clinical trials to further clarify its importance in the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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20
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Gao Y, Shi W, Yao H, Ai Y, Li R, Wang Z, Liu T, Dai W, Xiao X, Zhao J, Niu M, Bai Z. An Integrative Pharmacology Based Analysis of Refined Liuweiwuling Against Liver Injury: A Novel Component Combination and Hepaprotective Mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:747010. [PMID: 34630116 PMCID: PMC8493075 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.747010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a major cause of illness and death worldwide. In China, liver diseases, primarily alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and viral hepatitis, affect approximately 300 million people, resulting in a major impact on the global burden of liver diseases. The use of Liuweiwuling (LWWL), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration for decreasing aminotransferase levels induced by different liver diseases. Our previous study indicated a part of the material basis and mechanisms of LWWL in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. However, knowledge of the materials and molecular mechanisms of LWWL in the treatment of liver diseases remains limited. Using pharmacokinetic and network pharmacology methods, this study demonstrated that the active components of LWWL were involved in the treatment mechanism against liver diseases and exerted anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, esculetin, luteolin, schisandrin A and schisandrin B may play an important role by exerting anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects in vitro. Esculeti and luteolin dose-dependently inhibited H2O2-induced cell apoptosis, and luteolin also inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway in bone marrow-derived macrophages. schisandrin A and B inhibited the release of ROS in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury in vitro. Moreover, LWWL active ingredients protect against APAP-induced acute liver injury in mice. The four active ingredients may inhibit oxidative stress or inflammation to exert hepatoprotective effect. In conclusion, our results showed that the novel component combination of LWWL can protect against APAP-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting cell apoptosis and exerting anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Yao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Ai
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhilei Wang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhang Dai
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Niu
- Department of Poisoning Treatment, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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21
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Yuchong Z, Xinyun Z, Yao W, Huijiao L, Chunyan Y, Shu J, Wenyue Z, Chunmei W, Jinghui S, He L, Jianguang C. Anwulignan Alleviates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20962679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury is a serious threat to human health. Complementary therapy including a traditional Chinese herb has been used for the prevention and treatment of liver injuries. Schisandrae sphenantherae fructus (Schisandra) is the mature dry fruit of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. Wuzhi capsule, a preparation containing Schisandra and its main component anwulignan, is used to treat hepatitis and hepatic insufficiency caused by viruses and drugs in the clinic. However, to date, there has been little study to reveal the effect of anwulignan in the protection of the liver. Therefore, in this study, we hypothesized that anwulignan could protect carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in mice. Anwulignan was shown to reduce significantly the liver index, decrease liver histopathological injury, decrease the serum level of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase, reduce liver malondialdehyde content, and downregulate the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the liver tissue, as well as the protein expression levels of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein. All these results suggest that anwulignan can alleviate the CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice, which may be related to its antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and inhibition of liver cell necroptosis effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yuchong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhang Xinyun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Wang Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Huijiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Chunyan
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Shu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhuang Wenyue
- Department of Molecular Biology Test Technique, College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Wang Chunmei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Sun Jinghui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Chen Jianguang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
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22
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Chen M, Xing J, Pan D, Peng X, Gao P. Chinese herbal medicine mixture 919 syrup alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110286. [PMID: 32521450 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many countries, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has risen to be the leading cause of liver disease, seriously threatening public health, while effective medical treatments are currently limited. 919 syrup (919 T J) is a Chinese herbal medicine, and both clinical and experimental studies have revealed that it can improve liver function. OBJECTIVE To study whether 919 T J shows a protective effect in a NAFLD rat model and explore its underlying mechanism, with a focus on the NF-κB pathway. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into three groups, including a control group, NAFLD group, and 919 T J group (n = 10 each). The control group received a standard diet, and the other two groups were fed a high-fat diet to establish the NAFLD model. From week 10, rats in the 919 T J group were intragastrically administered 919 T J for 4 weeks, and the NAFLD group was administered the same amount of saline. All rats were anesthetized at the beginning of week 14 to collect blood and liver specimens. Serum lipid levels, serum biochemical markers of liver function, and the gene expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, CXCL6, CXCR1, SREBP-1c, PPARγ, and NF-κB in the liver were measured. Oil Red O and hematoxylin and eosin staining of the liver was performed to observe pathological changes in the liver. RESULTS Significant abnormalities in serum lipid levels and serum biochemical markers of liver function were found in the NAFLD group relative to those in the control group. In addition, serious abnormalities were noted in the expression levels of liver inflammatory factors and lipid metabolism-related genes. Treatment of NAFLD rats with 919 T J reduced body weight and food intake and ameliorated the abnormal blood lipid levels and liver function markers. By regulating the NF-κB pathway, 919 T J downregulated the NF-κB-related proinflammatory signals, ameliorating the expression of inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α, CXCL6, and CXCR1) and lipid metabolism-related (SREBP-1c) factors in the liver and improving the NAFLD-induced pathological changes in the liver. CONCLUSION 919 T J reduces the liver injury, steatosis, and inflammation caused by NAFLD, thus reversing the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Chen
- Department of TCM, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwei Xing
- Department of TCM, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danqing Pan
- Department of TCM, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuhua Peng
- Department of Animal Experiments, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- Department of TCM, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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23
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L-carnitine supplementation attenuates NAFLD progression and cardiac dysfunction in a mouse model fed with methionine and choline-deficient diet. Dig Liver Dis 2020; 52:314-323. [PMID: 31607566 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disorder. NAFLD, associated lipotoxicity, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and altered mitochondrial metabolism, is responsible for systemic inflammation, which contributes to organ dysfunction in extrahepatic tissues, including the heart. We investigated the ability of L-carnitine (LC) to oppose the pathogenic mechanisms underlying NAFLD progression and associated heart dysfunction, in a mouse model of methionine-choline-deficient diet (MCDD). Mice were divided into three groups: namely, the control group (CONTR) fed with a regular diet and two groups fed with MCDD for 6 weeks. In the last 3 weeks, one of the MCDD groups received LC (200 mg/kg each day) through drinking water (MCDD + LC). The hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress decreased after LC supplementation, which also reduced hepatic fibrosis via modulation of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), peroxisome-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and nuclear factor kappa B (NfƙB) expression. LC ameliorated systemic inflammation, mitigated cardiac reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and prevented fibrosis progression by acting on signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1-2 (ERK1-2), and αSMA. This study confirms the existence of a relationship between fatty liver disease and cardiac abnormalities and highlights the role of LC in controlling liver oxidative stress, steatosis, fibrosis, and NAFLD-associated cardiac dysfunction.
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24
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Cheng L, Yang Z, Sun Z, Zhang W, Ren Y, Wang M, Han X, Fei L, Zhao Y, Pan H, Xie J, Nie S. Schizandrin B Mitigates Rifampicin-Induced Liver Injury by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:145-152. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Cheng
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Zhizhou Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Zhaorui Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Xiaoqin Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Libo Fei
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Ji Xie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Shinan Nie
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
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25
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Fan S, Liu C, Jiang Y, Gao Y, Chen Y, Fu K, Yao X, Huang M, Bi H. Lignans from Schisandra sphenanthera protect against lithocholic acid-induced cholestasis by pregnane X receptor activation in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 245:112103. [PMID: 31336134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cholestasis is a clinical syndrome caused by toxic bile acid retention that will lead to serious liver diseases. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and obeticholic acid (OCA) are the only two FDA-approved drugs for its treatment. Thus, there is a clear need to develop new therapeutic approaches for cholestasis. Here, anti-cholestasis effects of the lignans from a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Schisandra sphenanthera, were investigated as well as the involved mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 9 groups including the control group, LCA group, LCA with specific lignan treatment of Schisandrin A (SinA), Schisandrin B (SinB), Schisandrin C (SinC), Schisandrol A (SolA), Schisandrol B (SolB), Schisantherin A (StnA) and Schisantherin B (StnB), respectively. Mice were treated with each drug (qd) for 7 days, while the administration of lithocholic acid (LCA) (bid) was launched from the 4th day. Twelve hours after the last LCA injection, mice were sacrificed and samples were collected. Serum biochemical measurement and histological analysis were conducted. Metabolomics analysis of serum, liver, intestine and feces were performed to study the metabolic profile of bile acids. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis were conducted to determine the hepatic expression of genes and proteins related to bile acid homeostasis. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to investigate the transactivation effect of lignans on human pregnane X receptor (hPXR). RT-qPCR analysis was used to detect induction effects of lignans on hPXR-targeted genes in HepG2 cells. RESULTS Lignans including SinA, SinB, SinC, SolA, SolB, StnA, StnB were found to significantly protect against LCA-induced intrahepatic cholestasis, as evidenced by significant decrease in liver necrosis, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. More importantly, serum total bile acids (TBA) and total bilirubin (Tbili) were also significantly reduced. Metabolomics analysis revealed these lignans accelerated the metabolism of bile acids and increased the bile acid efflux from liver into the intestine or feces. Gene analysis revealed these lignans induced the hepatic expressions of PXR-target genes such as Cyp3a11 and Ugt1a1. Luciferase reporter gene assays illustrated that these bioactive lignans can activate hPXR. Additionally, they can all upregulate hPXR-regulate genes such as CYP3A4, UGT1A1 and OATP2. CONCLUSION These results clearly demonstrated the lignans from Schisandra sphenanthera exert hepatoprotective effects against LCA-induced cholestasis by activation of PXR. These lignans may provide an effective approach for the prevention and treatment of cholestatic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Conghui Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yiming Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kaili Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinpeng Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huichang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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26
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Wang W, Li Q, Chai W, Sun C, Zhang T, Zhao C, Yuan Y, Wang X, Liu H, Ye H. Lactobacillus paracasei Jlus66 extenuate oxidative stress and inflammation via regulation of intestinal flora in rats with non alcoholic fatty liver disease. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:2636-2646. [PMID: 31428351 PMCID: PMC6694609 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive liver disease that affects the health of people in an increasing rate. In the current research, we investigated the beneficial effect of a novel probiotic strain L. paracasei Jlus66 (Jlus66) on rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD. The intestinal flora of rats was analyzed based on V3-V4 region 16S rDNA sequencing. Moreover, we measured the oxidative stress and inflammation factors in the liver using commercial ELISA kit, and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in serum with chromogenic end-point tachypheus amebocyte lysate. Compared with the HFD-induced group, Jlus66 treatment significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the serum (p < 0.05). Additionally, Jlus66 significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the liver and serum (p < 0.05). Jlus66 administration also reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and inversely increased the interleukin-10 (IL-10) level in serum (p < 0.05). Intestinal flora analysis results showed that Jlus66 can improve intestinal flora structure by increasing the abundance of gram-positive flora such as Firmicutes, and decreasing gram-negative flora such as Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria, and then reduced LPS concentration in the serum. So we concluded that Jlus66 can improve NAFLD by modulating the intestinal flora and followed reduction of oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial People's HospitalChangchunChina
| | - Qian Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Wenhui Chai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Chunyan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Tiehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Changhui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Huiqin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Haiqing Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
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