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Jayaswal N, Srivastava S, Kumar S, Belagodu Sridhar S, Khalid A, Najmi A, Zoghebi K, Alhazmi HA, Mohan S, Tambuwala MM. Precision arrows: Navigating breast cancer with nanotechnology siRNA. Int J Pharm 2024; 662:124403. [PMID: 38944167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, including siRNA, present an innovative approach to treating breast cancer, which disproportionately affects women. These systems enable personalized and targeted therapies, adept at managing drug resistance and minimizing off-target effects. This review delves into the current landscape of nanotechnology-derived siRNA transport systems for breast cancer treatment, discussing their mechanisms of action, preclinical and clinical research, therapeutic applications, challenges, and future prospects. Emphasis is placed on the importance of targeted delivery and precise gene silencing in improving therapeutic efficacy and patient outcomes. The review addresses specific hurdles such as specificity, biodistribution, immunological reactions, and regulatory approval, offering potential solutions and avenues for future research. SiRNA drug delivery systems hold promise in revolutionizing cancer care and improving patient outcomes, but realizing their full potential necessitates ongoing research, innovation, and collaboration. Understanding the intricacies of siRNA delivery mechanisms is pivotal for designing effective cancer treatments, overcoming challenges, and advancing siRNA-based therapies for various diseases, including cancer. The article provides a comprehensive review of the methods involved in siRNA transport for therapeutic applications, particularly in cancer treatment, elucidating the complex journey of siRNA molecules from extracellular space to intracellular targets. Key mechanisms such as endocytosis, receptor-mediated uptake, and membrane fusion are explored, alongside innovative delivery vehicles and technologies that enhance siRNA delivery efficiency. Moreover, the article discusses challenges and opportunities in the field, including issues related to specificity, biodistribution, immune response, and clinical translation. By comprehending the mechanisms of siRNA delivery, researchers can design and develop more effective siRNA-based therapies for various diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandani Jayaswal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahayogi Gorakhnath University, Gorakhpur, 273007, India
| | - Shriyansh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 273007, India; Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India.
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 273007, India
| | | | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Zoghebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK; RAK College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE.
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Nehal N, Rohilla A, Sartaj A, Baboota S, Ali J. Folic acid modified precision nanocarriers: charting new frontiers in breast cancer management beyond conventional therapies. J Drug Target 2024; 32:855-873. [PMID: 38748872 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2356735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer presents a significant global health challenge, ranking highest incidence rate among all types of cancers. Functionalised nanocarriers offer a promising solution for precise drug delivery by actively targeting cancer cells through specific receptors, notably folate receptors. By overcoming the limitations of passive targeting in conventional therapies, this approach holds the potential for enhanced treatment efficacy through combination therapy. Encouraging outcomes from studies like in vitro and in vivo, underscore the promise of this innovative approach. This review explores the therapeutic potential of FA (Folic acid) functionalised nanocarriers tailored for breast cancer management, discussing various chemical modification techniques for functionalization. It examines FA-conjugated nanocarriers containing chemotherapeutics to enhance treatment efficacy and addresses the pharmacokinetic aspect of these functionalised nanocarriers. Additionally, the review integrates active targeting via folic acid with theranostics, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy, offering a comprehensive management strategy. Emphasising rigorous experimental validation for practical utility, the review underscores the need to bridge laboratory research to clinical application. While these functionalised nanocarriers show promise, their credibility and applicability in real-world settings necessitate thorough validation for effective clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Nehal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Aashish Rohilla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Ali Sartaj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Fidan Y, Muçaj S, Timur SS, Gürsoy RN. Recent advances in liposome-based targeted cancer therapy. J Liposome Res 2024; 34:316-334. [PMID: 37814217 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2023.2268710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Nano-drug delivery systems have opened new pathways for tumor treatment by overcoming some of the limitations of conventional drugs, such as physiological degradation, short half-life, and rapid release. Liposomes are promising nanocarrier systems due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and high inclusivity, as well as their enhanced drug bioavailability. Various strategies for active targeting of liposomal formulations have been investigated to achieve the highest drug efficacy. This review aims to summarize current developments in novel liposomal formulations, particularly ligand-targeted liposomes (such as folate, transferrin, hyaluronic acid, antibodies, aptamer, and peptide, etc.) used for the therapy of various cancers and provide an insight on the challenges and future of liposomes for scientists and pharmaceutical companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Fidan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Stela Muçaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selin Seda Timur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - R Neslihan Gürsoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Paschoal Barbosa LM, Gomes ER, de Barros ALB, Cassali GD, de Carvalho AT, Silva JDO, Pádua AL, Oliveira MC. Hybrid Nanosystem Formed by DOX-Loaded Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles from MDA-MB-231 Is Effective against Breast Cancer Cells with Different Molecular Profiles. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:739. [PMID: 38931861 PMCID: PMC11206866 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery selectivity is a challenge for cancer treatment. A hybrid pegylated pH-sensitive liposome-extracellular vesicle isolated from human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 was developed to investigate its in vitro activity against breast cancer cells of different molecular profiles to overcome this inconvenience. The hybrid nanosystem was produced by film hydration, and doxorubicin (DOX) was encapsulated in this system using the ammonium sulfate gradient method. The characterization of this hybrid nanosystem revealed a mean diameter of 140.20 ± 2.70 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.102 ± 0.033, an encapsulation efficiency of doxorubicin of 88.9% ± 2.4, and a great storage stability for 90 days at 4 °C. The fusion of extracellular vesicles with liposomes was confirmed by nanoflow cytometry using PE-conjugated human anti-CD63. This hybrid nanosystem demonstrated cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cell lines with different molecular subtypes, enhanced anti-migration properties, and exhibited similar cellular uptake to the free DOX treatment. Preliminary acute toxicity assessments using Balb/C female mice indicated a median lethal dose of 15-17.5 mg/kg, with no evidence of splenic, liver, heart, bone marrow, and renal damage at a dose of 15 mg/kg. These findings suggest the hybrid formulation as a versatile nanocarrier for the treatment of various breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Marques Paschoal Barbosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (E.R.G.)
| | - Eliza Rocha Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (E.R.G.)
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies (IRMB), Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - André Luis Branco de Barros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (E.R.G.)
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira de Carvalho
- Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Oliveira Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (E.R.G.)
| | - Ana Luiza Pádua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (E.R.G.)
| | - Mônica Cristina Oliveira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (E.R.G.)
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Gatto MS, Johnson MP, Najahi-Missaoui W. Targeted Liposomal Drug Delivery: Overview of the Current Applications and Challenges. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:672. [PMID: 38929656 PMCID: PMC11204409 DOI: 10.3390/life14060672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In drug development, it is not uncommon that an active substance exhibits efficacy in vitro but lacks the ability to specifically reach its target in vivo. As a result, targeted drug delivery has become a primary focus in the pharmaceutical sciences. Since the approval of Doxil® in 1995, liposomes have emerged as a leading nanoparticle in targeted drug delivery. Their low immunogenicity, high versatility, and well-documented efficacy have led to their clinical use against a wide variety of diseases. That being said, every disease is accompanied by a unique set of physiological conditions, and each liposomal product must be formulated with this consideration. There are a multitude of different targeting techniques for liposomes that can be employed depending on the application. Passive techniques such as PEGylation or the enhanced permeation and retention effect can improve general pharmacokinetics, while active techniques such as conjugating targeting molecules to the liposome surface may bring even further specificity. This review aims to summarize the current strategies for targeted liposomes in the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wided Najahi-Missaoui
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (M.S.G.); (M.P.J.)
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Barba-Rosado LV, Carrascal-Hernández DC, Insuasty D, Grande-Tovar CD. Graphene Oxide (GO) for the Treatment of Bone Cancer: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:186. [PMID: 38251150 PMCID: PMC10820493 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a severe disease that, in 2022, caused more than 9.89 million deaths worldwide. One worrisome type of cancer is bone cancer, such as osteosarcoma and Ewing tumors, which occur more frequently in infants. This study shows an active interest in the use of graphene oxide and its derivatives in therapy against bone cancer. We present a systematic review analyzing the current state of the art related to the use of GO in treating osteosarcoma, through evaluating the existing literature. In this sense, studies focused on GO-based nanomaterials for potential applications against osteosarcoma were reviewed, which has revealed that there is an excellent trend toward the use of GO-based nanomaterials, based on their thermal and anti-cancer activities, for the treatment of osteosarcoma through various therapeutic approaches. However, more research is needed to develop highly efficient localized therapies. It is suggested, therefore, that photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and the use of nanocarriers should be considered as non-invasive, more specific, and efficient alternatives in the treatment of osteosarcoma. These options present promising approaches to enhance the effectiveness of therapy while also seeking to reduce side effects and minimize the damage to surrounding healthy tissues. The bibliometric analysis of photothermal and photochemical treatments of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide from January 2004 to December 2022 extracted 948 documents with its search strategy, mainly related to research papers, review papers, and conference papers, demonstrating a high-impact field supported by the need for more selective and efficient bone cancer therapies. The central countries leading the research are the United States, Iran, Italy, Germany, China, South Korea, and Australia, with strong collaborations worldwide. At the same time, the most-cited papers were published in journals with impact factors of more than 6.0 (2021), with more than 290 citations. Additionally, the journals that published the most on the topic are high impact factor journals, according to the analysis performed, demonstrating the high impact of the research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemy Vanessa Barba-Rosado
- Grupo de Investigación en Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Programa de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia; (L.V.B.-R.); (D.C.C.-H.)
| | - Domingo César Carrascal-Hernández
- Grupo de Investigación en Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Programa de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia; (L.V.B.-R.); (D.C.C.-H.)
- Departamento de Química y Biología, División de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 Vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia;
| | - Daniel Insuasty
- Departamento de Química y Biología, División de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 Vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia;
| | - Carlos David Grande-Tovar
- Grupo de Investigación en Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Programa de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia; (L.V.B.-R.); (D.C.C.-H.)
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Chang CH, Han DE, Ji YY, Wang MY, Li DH, Xu ZL, Li JH, Huang SN, Zhu XL, Jia YY. Folate-chitosan Coated Quercetin Liposomes for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:924-935. [PMID: 37861012 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010264479231006045014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although quercetin exhibits promising anti-tumor properties, its clinical application is limited due to inherent defects and a lack of tumor targeting. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to prepare and characterize active targeting folate-chitosan modified quercetin liposomes (FA-CS-QUE-Lip), and its antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo was also studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Box-Behnken Design (BBD) response surface method was used to select the optimal formulation of quercetin liposomes (QUE-LP). On this basis, FA-CS-QUE-LP was obtained by connecting folic acid chitosan complex (FA-CS) and QUE-LP. The release characteristics in vitro of QUE-LP and FA-CS-QUE-LP were studied. Its inhibitory effects on HepG2 cells were studied by the MTT method. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in vivo were studied in healthy Wistar mice and S180 tumor-bearing mice, respectively. RESULTS The average particle size, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency of FA-CS-QUELP were 261.6 ± 8.5 nm, 22.3 ± 1.7 mV, and 98.63 ± 1.28 %, respectively. FA-CS-QUE-LP had a sustained release effect and conformed to the Maloid-Banakar release model (R2=0.9967). The results showed that FA-CS-QUE-LP had higher inhibition rates on HepG2 cells than QUE-Sol (P < 0.01). There was a significant difference in AUC, t1/2, CL and other pharmacokinetic parameters among QUE-LP, FA-CS-QUE-LP, and QUE-Sol (P < 0.05). In in vivo antitumor activity study, the weight inhibition rate and volume inhibition rate of FA-CS-QUE-LP were 30.26% and 37.35%, respectively. CONCLUSION FA-CS-QUE-LP exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on HepG2 cells, influenced the pharmacokinetics of quercetin in mice, and demonstrated a certain inhibitory effect on S180 tumor-bearing mice, thus offering novel avenues for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - De-En Han
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ying Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Yan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Hong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Hao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Nan Huang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Xia-Li Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Yan Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
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Wen T, Gao Y, Zheng Y, Shan B, Song C, An Y, Cui J. Evaluation of New Folate Receptor-mediated Mitoxantrone Targeting Liposomes In Vitro. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:510-519. [PMID: 37957921 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010258845231101091359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Ligand-mediated liposomes targeting folate receptors (FRs) that are overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells may improve drug delivery. However, the properties of liposomes also affect cellular uptake and drug release. Objective: Mitoxantrone folate targeted liposomes were prepared to increase the enrichment of drugs in tumor cells and improve the therapeutic index of drugs by changing the route of drug administration. Methods: Liposomes were prepared with optimized formulation, including mitoxantrone folatetargeted small unilamellar liposome (MIT-FSL), mitoxantrone folate-free small unilamellar liposome (MIT-SL), mitoxantrone folate-targeted large unilamellar liposome (MIT-FLL), mitoxantrone folate-free large unilamellar liposomes (MIT-LL). Cells with different levels of folate alpha receptor (FRα) expression were used to study the differences in the enrichment of liposomes, the killing effect on tumor cells, and their ability to overcome multidrug resistance. The results of the drug release experiment showed that the particle size of liposomes affected their release behavior. Large single-compartment liposomes could hardly be effectively released, while small single-compartment liposomes could be effectively released, MIT-FSL vs MIT-FLL and MIT-SL vs MIT-LL had significant differences in the drug release rate (P<0.0005). Cell uptake experiments results indicated that the ability of liposomes to enter folic acid receptor-expressing tumor cells could be improved after modification of folic acid ligands on the surface of liposomes and it was related to the expression of folate receptors on the cell surface. There were significant differences in cell uptake rates (p<0.0005) for cells with high FRα expression (SPC-A-1 cells), when MIT-FSL vs MIT-SL and MIT-FLL vs MIT-LL. For cells with low FRα expression (MCF-7 cells), their cell uptake rates were still different (p<0.05), but less pronounced than in SPC-A-1 cells. The results of the cell inhibition experiment suggest that MIT-FLL and MIT-LL had no inhibitory effect on cells, MIT-FSL had a significant inhibitory effect on cells and its IC50 value was calculated to be 4502.4 ng/mL, MIT-SL also had an inhibitory effect, and its IC50 value was 25092.1 ng/mL, there was a statistical difference (p<0.05), MIT-FSL had a higher inhibitory rate than MIT-SL at the same drug concentration. Afterward, we did an inhibitory experiment of different MIT-loaded nanoparticles on MCF-7 cells compared to the drug-resistant cells (ADR), Observing the cell growth inhibition curve, both MIT-FSL and MIT-SL can inhibit the growth of MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells. For MCF- 7 cells, at the same concentration, there is little difference between the inhibition rate of MITFSL and MIT-SL, but for MCF-7/ADR, the inhibition rate of MIT-FSL was significantly higher than that of MIT-SL at the same concentration (P<0.05). Conclusion: By modifying folic acid on the surface of liposomes, tumor cells with high expression of folic acid receptors can be effectively targeted, thereby increasing the enrichment of intracellular drugs and improving efficacy. It can also change the delivery pathway, increase the amount of drug entering resistant tumor cells, and overcome resistance. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Bin Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Cong Song
- Department of Pharmacy, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Yahui An
- Department of Pharmacy, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Jingxia Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
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Yazdan M, Naghib SM, Mozafari MR. Liposomal Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Breast Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances and Progresses. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:896-915. [PMID: 38529608 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206293653240322041047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly prevalent disease on a global scale, with a 30% incidence rate among women and a 14% mortality rate. Developing countries bear a disproportionate share of the disease burden, while countries with greater technological advancements exhibit a higher incidence. A mere 7% of women under the age of 40 are diagnosed with breast cancer, and the prevalence of this ailment is significantly diminished among those aged 35 and younger. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical intervention comprise the treatment protocol. However, the ongoing quest for a definitive cure for breast cancer continues. The propensity for cancer stem cells to metastasize and resistance to treatment constitute their Achilles' heel. The advancement of drug delivery techniques that target cancer cells specifically holds significant promise in terms of facilitating timely detection and effective intervention. Novel approaches to pharmaceutical delivery, including nanostructures and liposomes, may bring about substantial changes in the way breast cancer is managed. These systems offer a multitude of advantages, such as heightened bioavailability, enhanced solubility, targeted tumor destruction, and diminished adverse effects. The application of nano-drug delivery systems to administer anti-breast cancer medications is a significant subject of research. This article delves into the domain of breast cancer, conventional treatment methods, the incorporation of nanotechnology into managerial tactics, and strategic approaches aimed at tackling the disease at its core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Yazdan
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, 1684613114, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Naghib
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, 1684613114, Iran
| | - M R Mozafari
- Australasian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative (ANNI), Monash University LPO, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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Giordani S, Marassi V, Zattoni A, Roda B, Reschiglian P. Liposomes characterization for market approval as pharmaceutical products: Analytical methods, guidelines and standardized protocols. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115751. [PMID: 37778202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are nano-sized lipid-based vesicles widely studied for their drug delivery capabilities. Compared to standard carries they exhibit better properties such as improved site-targeting and drug release, protection of drugs from degradation and clearance, and lower toxic side effects. At present, scientific literature is rich of studies regarding liposomes-based systems, while 14 types of liposomal products have been authorized to the market by EMA and FDA and many others have been approved by national agencies. Although the interest in nanodevices and nanomedicine has steadily increased in the last two decades the development of documentation regulating and standardizing all the phases of their development and quality control still suffers from major inadequacy due to the intrinsic complexity of nano-systems characterization. Many generic documents (Type 1) discussing guidelines for the study of nano-systems (lipidic and not) have been proposed while there is a lack of robust and standardized methods (Type 2 documents). As a result, a widespread of different techniques, approaches and methodologies are being used, generating results of variable quality and hard to compare with each other. Additionally, such documents are often subject to updates and rewriting further complicating the topic. Within this context the aim of this work is focused on bridging the gap in liposome characterization: the most recent standardized methodologies suitable for liposomes characterization are here reported (with the corresponding Type 2 documents) and revised in a short and pragmatical way focused on providing the reader with a practical background of the state of the art. In particular, this paper will put the accent on the methodologies developed to evaluate the main critical quality attributes (CQAs) necessary for liposomes market approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Giordani
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Marassi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Roda
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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11
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Maghsoudi S, Hosseini SA, Soraya H, Roosta Y, Mohammadzadeh A. Development of doxorubicin-encapsulated magnetic liposome@PEG for treatment of breast cancer in BALB/c mice. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2589-2603. [PMID: 37133768 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic doxorubicin-encapsulated liposome/PEG/Fe3O4 (called as DOX@m-Lip/PEG) was synthesized and studied as a novel nanocarrier for the treatment of breast cancer in BALB/c mice. Nanocarrier was characterized by FT-IR, zeta-potential sizer, EDX elemental analysis, EDX mapping, TEM, and DLS techniques. The results showed that the size of the nanocarrier was determined around 128 nm by TEM. EDX study confirmed PEG-conjugation in the magnetic liposomes and was homogenously distributed in the nanosize range (100-200 nm) with a negative surface charge (-61.7 mV). The kinetic studies indicated that the release of doxorubicin from DOX@m-Lip/PEG follows the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The n-value of the model was 0.315, indicating that doxorubicin release from the nanocarrier had a slow releasing rate and followed Fick's law. The DOX release from the nanocarrier lasted a long time (more than 300 h). In in vivo part, a mouse 4T1 breast tumor model was used. The in vivo results indicated that DOX@m-Lip/PEG caused much stronger tumor cell necrosis and less cardiotoxic effects than the other groups. In conclusion, we show that m-Lip/PEG is a promising nanocarrier for low dosage and slow release of doxorubicin in treating breast cancer, and treatment with encapsulated DOX (DOX@m-Lip/PEG) demonstrated higher efficacy with low cardiac toxicity. Besides, the magnetic property of m-Lip@PEG nanocarrier allows it to be a potent mater for hyperthermia and MRI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Maghsoudi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hosseini
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hamid Soraya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yousef Roosta
- Hematology, Immune Cell Therapy and Stem Cells Transplantation Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Adel Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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12
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Fatima Qizilbash F, Sartaj A, Qamar Z, Kumar S, Imran M, Mohammed Y, Ali J, Baboota S, Ali A. Nanotechnology revolutionises breast cancer treatment: harnessing lipid-based nanocarriers to combat cancer cells. J Drug Target 2023; 31:794-816. [PMID: 37525966 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2243403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the most common cancers that occur in females is breast cancer. Despite the significant leaps and bounds that have been made in treatment of breast cancer, the disease remains one of the leading causes of death among women and a major public health challenge. The therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapeutics is hindered by chemoresistance and toxicity. Nano-based lipid drug delivery systems offer controlled drug release, nanometric size and site-specific targeting. Breast cancer treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Despite this, no single method of treatment for the condition is currently effective due to cancer stem cell metastasis and chemo-resistance. Therefore, the employment of nanocarrier systems is necessary in order to target breast cancer stem cells. This article addresses breast cancer treatment options, including modern treatment procedures such as chemotherapy, etc. and some innovative therapeutic options highlighting the role of lipidic nanocarriers loaded with chemotherapeutic drugs such as nanoemulsion, solid-lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers and liposomes, and their investigations have demonstrated that they can limit cancer cell growth, reduce the risk of recurrence, as well as minimise post-chemotherapy metastasis. This article also explores FDA-approved lipid-based nanocarriers, commercially available formulations, and ligand-based formulations that are being considered for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Sartaj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
- Lloyd School of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, India
| | - Zufika Qamar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shobhit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology (MIET), Meerut, India
| | - Mohammad Imran
- Therapeutics Research Group, Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yousuf Mohammed
- Therapeutics Research Group, Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Asgar Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
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13
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Borhaninia M, Zahiri M, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Self-targeted hyaluronic acid-b-poly (β-amino ester) pH-switchable polymersome for guided doxorubicin delivery to metastatic breast cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125882. [PMID: 37473882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a targeted pH-sensitive polymersome incorporating doxorubicin (DOX) was manufactured implementing diblock copolymer of hyaluronic acid-b-pPoly (β-amino ester) (HA-PBAE). The hydrophilic DOX was loaded into the aqueous compartment of HA-PBAE polymersomal structure during nanoprecipitation process with 60 % ± 3.0 entrapment efficiency (EE%) and 5.3 % ± 0.2 loading content (LC%) while demonstrating spherical morphology with size of 196 ± 3.8 nm and PDI of 0.3. The prepared platform (DOX-HA-PBAE) illustrated accelerated DOX release in acidic pH 5.4, and showed significantly higher cytotoxicity and cellular internalization in comparison with free DOX against 4T1 cell line (CD44 positive cell). In contrast, no significant growth inhibition was observed in CHO cell line (CD44 negative cell). Furthermore, DOX-HA-PBAE platform displayed higher therapeutic efficacy, favorable tumor accumulation and lower systemic toxicity in comparison with free DOX based on obtained experimental data in ectopic 4T1 tumor model in BALB/c Female mice in terms of tumor growth rate, survival rate, body weight loss, ex vivo biodistribution and pathological evaluations. The obtained results demonstrated that DOX-HA-PBAE polymersomes have potential to be used in metastatic breast cancer therapy with promising characteristics in terms of tumor growth suppression and safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morvarid Borhaninia
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Zahiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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14
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Yang Y, Lin M, Sun M, Zhang GQ, Guo J, Li J. Nanotechnology boosts the efficiency of tumor diagnosis and therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1249875. [PMID: 37576984 PMCID: PMC10419217 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1249875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of cancer are gradually increasing. The highly invasive and metastasis of tumor cells increase the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment, so people pay more and more attention to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Conventional treatment methods, including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, are difficult to eliminate tumor cells completely. And the emergence of nanotechnology has boosted the efficiency of tumor diagnosis and therapy. Herein, the research progress of nanotechnology used for tumor diagnosis and treatment is reviewed, and the emerging detection technology and the application of nanodrugs in clinic are summarized and prospected. The first part refers to the application of different nanomaterials for imaging in vivo and detection in vitro, which includes magnetic resonance imaging, fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging and biomarker detection. The distinctive physical and chemical advantages of nanomaterials can improve the detection sensitivity and accuracy to achieve tumor detection in early stage. The second part is about the nanodrug used in clinic for tumor treatment. Nanomaterials have been widely used as drug carriers, including the albumin paclitaxel, liposome drugs, mRNA-LNP, protein nanocages, micelles, membrane nanocomplexes, microspheres et al., which could improve the drug accumulate in tumor tissue through enhanced permeability and retention effect to kill tumor cells with high efficiency. But there are still some challenges to revolutionize traditional tumor diagnosis and anti-drug resistance based on nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianshuang Guo
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jianheng Li
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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15
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Moholkar DN, Kandimalla R, Gupta RC, Aqil F. Advances in lipid-based carriers for cancer therapeutics: Liposomes, exosomes and hybrid exosomes. Cancer Lett 2023; 565:216220. [PMID: 37209944 PMCID: PMC10325927 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has recently surpassed heart disease as the leading cause of deaths worldwide for the age group 45-65 and has been the primary focus for biomedical researchers. Presently, the drugs involved in the first-line cancer therapy are raising concerns due to high toxicity and lack of selectivity to cancer cells. There has been a significant increase in research with innovative nano formulations to entrap the therapeutic payload to enhance efficacy and eliminate or minimize toxic effects. Lipid-based carriers stand out due to their unique structural properties and biocompatible nature. The two main leaders of lipid-based drug carriers: long known liposomes and comparatively new exosomes have been well-researched. The similarity between the two lipid-based carriers is the vesicular structure with the core's capability to carry the payload. While liposomes utilize chemically derived and altered phospholipid components, the exosomes are naturally occurring vesicles with inherent lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. More recently, researchers have focused on developing hybrid exosomes by fusing liposomes and exosomes. Combining these two types of vesicles may offer some advantages such as high drug loading, targeted cellular uptake, biocompatibility, controlled release, stability in harsh conditions and low immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha N Moholkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Raghuram Kandimalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Ramesh C Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Farrukh Aqil
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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16
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Nel J, Elkhoury K, Velot É, Bianchi A, Acherar S, Francius G, Tamayol A, Grandemange S, Arab-Tehrany E. Functionalized liposomes for targeted breast cancer drug delivery. Bioact Mater 2023; 24:401-437. [PMID: 36632508 PMCID: PMC9812688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the exceptional progress in breast cancer pathogenesis, prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies, it remains a prominent cause of female mortality worldwide. Additionally, although chemotherapies are effective, they are associated with critical limitations, most notably their lack of specificity resulting in systemic toxicity and the eventual development of multi-drug resistance (MDR) cancer cells. Liposomes have proven to be an invaluable drug delivery system but of the multitudes of liposomal systems developed every year only a few have been approved for clinical use, none of which employ active targeting. In this review, we summarize the most recent strategies in development for actively targeted liposomal drug delivery systems for surface, transmembrane and internal cell receptors, enzymes, direct cell targeting and dual-targeting of breast cancer and breast cancer-associated cells, e.g., cancer stem cells, cells associated with the tumor microenvironment, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janske Nel
- Université de Lorraine, LIBio, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Émilie Velot
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Arnaud Bianchi
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Samir Acherar
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
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17
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Lee J, Choi MK, Song IS. Recent Advances in Doxorubicin Formulation to Enhance Pharmacokinetics and Tumor Targeting. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:802. [PMID: 37375753 PMCID: PMC10301446 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used drug in cancer chemotherapy, induces cell death via multiple intracellular interactions, generating reactive oxygen species and DNA-adducted configurations that induce apoptosis, topoisomerase II inhibition, and histone eviction. Despite its wide therapeutic efficacy in solid tumors, DOX often induces drug resistance and cardiotoxicity. It shows limited intestinal absorption because of low paracellular permeability and P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux. We reviewed various parenteral DOX formulations, such as liposomes, polymeric micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, and polymer-drug conjugates, under clinical use or trials to increase its therapeutic efficacy. To improve the bioavailability of DOX in intravenous and oral cancer treatment, studies have proposed a pH- or redox-sensitive and receptor-targeted system for overcoming DOX resistance and increasing therapeutic efficacy without causing DOX-induced toxicity. Multifunctional formulations of DOX with mucoadhesiveness and increased intestinal permeability through tight-junction modulation and P-gp inhibition have also been used as orally bioavailable DOX in the preclinical stage. The increasing trends of developing oral formulations from intravenous formulations, the application of mucoadhesive technology, permeation-enhancing technology, and pharmacokinetic modulation with functional excipients might facilitate the further development of oral DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Lee
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE), Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min-Koo Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheon-an 31116, Republic of Korea;
| | - Im-Sook Song
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE), Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
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18
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Verkhovskii RA, Ivanov AN, Lengert EV, Tulyakova KA, Shilyagina NY, Ermakov AV. Current Principles, Challenges, and New Metrics in pH-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems for Systemic Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051566. [PMID: 37242807 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of drug delivery via particulate formulations is one of the leading ideas that enable overcoming limitations of traditional chemotherapeutic agents. The trend toward more complex multifunctional drug carriers is well-traced in the literature. Nowadays, the prospectiveness of stimuli-responsive systems capable of controlled cargo release in the lesion nidus is widely accepted. Both endogenous and exogenous stimuli are employed for this purpose; however, endogenous pH is the most common trigger. Unfortunately, scientists encounter multiple challenges on the way to the implementation of this idea related to the vehicles' accumulation in off-target tissues, their immunogenicity, the complexity of drug delivery to intracellular targets, and finally, the difficulties in the fabrication of carriers matching all imposed requirements. Here, we discuss fundamental strategies for pH-responsive drug delivery, as well as limitations related to such carriers' application, and reveal the main problems, weaknesses, and reasons for poor clinical results. Moreover, we attempted to formulate the profiles of an "ideal" drug carrier in the frame of different strategies drawing on the example of metal-comprising materials and considered recently published studies through the lens of these profiles. We believe that this approach will facilitate the formulation of the main challenges facing researchers and the identification of the most promising trends in technology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Verkhovskii
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexey N Ivanov
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University of V. I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Lengert
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University of V. I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Theranostics, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia A Tulyakova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Natalia Yu Shilyagina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexey V Ermakov
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University of V. I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Theranostics, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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19
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Pacheco ARF, Cardoso BD, Pires A, Pereira AM, Araújo JP, Carvalho VM, Rodrigues RO, Coutinho PJG, Castelo-Grande T, Augusto PA, Barbosa D, Lima RA, Teixeira SFCF, Rodrigues ARO, Castanheira EMS. Development of pH-Sensitive Magnetoliposomes Containing Shape Anisotropic Nanoparticles for Potential Application in Combined Cancer Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1051. [PMID: 36985945 PMCID: PMC10054438 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Late diagnosis and systemic toxicity associated with conventional treatments make oncological therapy significantly difficult. In this context, nanomedicine emerges as a new approach in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In this work, pH-sensitive solid magnetoliposomes (SMLs) were developed for controlled release of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX). Shape anisotropic magnetic nanoparticles of magnesium ferrite with partial substitution by calcium (Mg0.75Ca0.25Fe2O4) were synthesized, with and without calcination, and their structural, morphological and magnetic properties were investigated. Their superparamagnetic properties were evaluated and heating capabilities proven, either by exposure to an alternating magnetic field (AMF) (magnetic hyperthermia) or by irradiation with near-infrared (NIR) light (photothermia). The Mg0.75Ca0.25Fe2O4 calcined nanoparticles were selected to integrate the SMLs, surrounded by a lipid bilayer of DOPE:Ch:CHEMS (45:45:10). DOX was encapsulated in the nanosystems with an efficiency above 98%. DOX release assays showed a much more efficient release of the drug at pH = 5 compared to the release kinetics at physiological pH. By subjecting tumor cells to DOX-loaded SMLs, cell viability was significantly reduced, confirming that they can release the encapsulated drug. These results point to the development of efficient pH-sensitive nanocarriers, suitable for a synergistic action in cancer therapy with magnetic targeting, stimulus-controlled drug delivery and dual hyperthermia (magnetic and plasmonic) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita F. Pacheco
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory LaPMET, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Beatriz D. Cardoso
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory LaPMET, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Pires
- Associate Laboratory LaPMET, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- IFIMUP—Instituto de Física dos Materiais, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - André M. Pereira
- Associate Laboratory LaPMET, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- IFIMUP—Instituto de Física dos Materiais, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - João P. Araújo
- Associate Laboratory LaPMET, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- IFIMUP—Instituto de Física dos Materiais, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Violeta M. Carvalho
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- ALGORITMI Center, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Raquel O. Rodrigues
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. G. Coutinho
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory LaPMET, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Teresa Castelo-Grande
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo A. Augusto
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Domingos Barbosa
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui A. Lima
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- CEFT—Transport Phenomena Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Rita O. Rodrigues
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory LaPMET, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Elisabete M. S. Castanheira
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory LaPMET, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Recent Preclinical and Clinical Progress in Liposomal Doxorubicin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030893. [PMID: 36986754 PMCID: PMC10054554 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anti-cancer agent that has garnered great interest in research due to its high efficacy despite dose-limiting toxicities. Several strategies have been exploited to enhance the efficacy and safety profile of DOX. Liposomes are the most established approach. Despite the improvement in safety properties of liposomal encapsulated DOX (in Doxil and Myocet), the efficacy is not superior to conventional DOX. Functionalized (targeted) liposomes present a more effective system to deliver DOX to the tumor. Moreover, encapsulation of DOX in pH-sensitive liposomes (PSLs) or thermo-sensitive liposomes (TSLs) combined with local heating has improved DOX accumulation in the tumor. Lyso-thermosensitive liposomal DOX (LTLD), MM-302, and C225-immunoliposomal(IL)-DOX have reached clinical trials. Further functionalized PEGylated liposomal DOX (PLD), TSLs, and PSLs have been developed and evaluated in preclinical models. Most of these formulations improved the anti-tumor activity compared to the currently available liposomal DOX. However, the fast clearance, the optimization of ligand density, stability, and release rate need more investigations. Therefore, we reviewed the latest approaches applied to deliver DOX more efficiently to the tumor, preserving the benefits obtained from FDA-approved liposomes.
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21
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Sarkar M, Wang Y, Ekpenyong O, Liang D, Xie H. Pharmacokinetic behaviors of soft nanoparticulate formulations of chemotherapeutics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1846. [PMID: 35979879 PMCID: PMC9938089 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic treatment with conventional drug formulations pose numerous challenges, such as poor solubility, high cytotoxicity and serious off-target side effects, low bioavailability, and ultimately subtherapeutic tumoral concentration leading to poor therapeutic outcomes. In the field of Nanomedicine, advances in nanotechnology have been applied with great success to design and develop novel nanoparticle-based formulations for the treatment of various types of cancer. The approval of the first nanomedicine, Doxil® (liposomal doxorubicin) in 1995, paved the path for further development for various types of novel delivery platforms. Several different types of nanoparticles, especially organic (soft) nanoparticles (liposomes, polymeric micelles, and albumin-bound nanoparticles), have been developed and approved for several anticancer drugs. Nanoparticulate drug delivery platform have facilitated to overcome of these challenges and offered key advantages of improved bioavailability, higher intra-tumoral concentration of the drug, reduced toxicity, and improved efficacy. This review introduces various commonly used nanoparticulate systems in biomedical research and their pharmacokinetic (PK) attributes, then focuses on the various physicochemical and physiological factors affecting the in vivo disposition of chemotherapeutic agents encapsulated in nanoparticles in recent years. Further, it provides a review of the current landscape of soft nanoparticulate formulations for the two most widely investigated anticancer drugs, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin, that are either approved or under investigation. Formulation details, PK profiles, and therapeutic outcomes of these novel strategies have been discussed individually and in comparison, to traditional formulations. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahua Sarkar
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Dong Liang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Huan Xie
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
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22
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Co-Encapsulation of Simvastatin and Doxorubicin into pH-Sensitive Liposomes Enhances Antitumoral Activity in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020369. [PMID: 36839690 PMCID: PMC9960841 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic drug used as the first line in breast cancer treatment; however, cardiotoxicity is the main drawback of the therapy. Preclinical studies evidenced that the association of simvastatin (SIM) with DOX leads to a better prognosis with reduced side effects and deaths. In this work, a novel pH-sensitive liposomal formulation capable of co-encapsulating DOX and SIM at different molar ratios was investigated for its potential in breast tumor treatment. Studies on physicochemical characterization of the liposomal formulations were carried out. The cytotoxic effects of DOX, SIM, and their combinations at different molar ratios (1:1; 1:2 and 2:1), free or co-encapsulated into pH-sensitive liposomes, were evaluated against three human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and SK-BR-3). Experimental protocols included cell viability, combination index, nuclear morphological changes, and migration capacity. The formulations showed a mean diameter of less than 200 nm, with a polydispersity index lower than 0.3. The encapsulation content was ~100% and ~70% for DOX and SIM, respectively. A more pronounced inhibitory effect on breast cancer cell lines was observed at a DOX:SIM molar ratio of 2:1 in both free and encapsulated drugs. Furthermore, the 2:1 ratio showed synergistic combination rates for all concentrations of cell inhibition analyzed (50, 75, and 90%). The results demonstrated the promising potential of the co-encapsulated liposome for breast tumor treatment.
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23
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Moudgil A, Salve R, Gajbhiye V, Chaudhari BP. Challenges and emerging strategies for next generation liposomal based drug delivery: An account of the breast cancer conundrum. Chem Phys Lipids 2023; 250:105258. [PMID: 36375540 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2022.105258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The global cancer burden is witnessing an upsurge with breast cancer surpassing other cancers worldwide. Furthermore, an escalation in the breast cancer caseload is also expected in the coming years. The conventional therapeutic regimens practiced routinely are associated with many drawbacks to which nanotechnological interventions offer a great advantage. But how eminent could liposomes and their advantages be in superseding these existing therapeutic modalities? A solution is reflected in this review that draws attention to a decade-long journey embarked upon by researchers in this wake. This text is a comprehensive discussion of liposomes, the front runners of the drug delivery systems, and their active and passive targeting approaches for breast cancer management. Active targeting has been studied over the decade by many receptors overexpressed on the breast cancer cells and passive targeting with many drug combinations. The results converge on the fact that the actively targeted formulations exhibit a superior efficacy over their non-targeted counterparts and the all liposomal formulations are efficacious over the free drugs. This undoubtedly underlines the dominion of liposomal formulations over conventional chemotherapy. These investigations have led to the development of different liposomal formulations with active and passive targeting capacities that could be explored in depth. Acknowledging and getting a deeper insight into the liposomal evolution through time also unveiled many imperfections and unchartered territories that can be explored to deliver dexterous liposomal formulations against breast cancer and more in the clinical trial pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliesha Moudgil
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pashan, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Rajesh Salve
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, India.
| | - Virendra Gajbhiye
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, India.
| | - Bhushan P Chaudhari
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pashan, Pune 411008, India.
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24
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Lopes LB, Apolinário AC, Salata GC, Malagó ID, Passos JS. Lipid Nanocarriers for Breast Cancer Treatment. Cancer Nanotechnol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-17831-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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25
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Hashemi M, Ghadyani F, Hasani S, Olyaee Y, Raei B, Khodadadi M, Ziyarani MF, Basti FA, Tavakolpournegari A, Matinahmadi A, Salimimoghadam S, Aref AR, Taheriazam A, Entezari M, Ertas YN. Nanoliposomes for doxorubicin delivery: Reversing drug resistance, stimuli-responsive carriers and clinical translation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Fernandes RS, Arribada RG, Silva JO, Silva-Cunha A, Townsend DM, Ferreira LAM, Barros ALB. In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of pH-Sensitive PLGA-TPGS-Based Hybrid Nanoparticles Loaded with Doxorubicin for Breast Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2394. [PMID: 36365212 PMCID: PMC9696591 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antineoplastic agent clinically employed for treating breast cancer patients. Despite its effectiveness, its inherent adverse toxic side effects often limit its clinical application. To overcome these drawbacks, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPNP) arise as promising nanoplatforms that combine the advantages of both liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles into a single delivery system. Alpha-tocopherol succinate (TS) is a derivative of vitamin E that shows potent anticancer mechanisms, and it is an interesting approach as adjuvant. In this study, we designed a pH-sensitive PLGA-polymer-core/TPGS-lipid-shell hybrid nanoparticle, loaded with DOX and TS (LPNP_TS-DOX). Nanoparticles were physicochemically and morphologically characterized. Cytotoxicity studies, migration assay, and cellular uptake were performed in 4T1, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Antitumor activity in vivo was evaluated in 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice. In vitro studies showed a significant reduction in cell viability, cell migration, and an increase in cellular uptake for the 4T1 cell line compared to free DOX. In vivo antitumor activity showed that LPNP-TS-DOX was more effective in controlling tumor growth than other treatments. The high cellular internalization and the pH-triggered payload release of DOX lead to the increased accumulation of the drugs in the tumor area, along with the synergic combination with TS, culminating in greater antitumor efficacy. These data support LPNP-TS-DOX as a promising drug delivery system for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata S. Fernandes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Raquel Gregório Arribada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Juliana O. Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Armando Silva-Cunha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Danyelle M. Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lucas A. M. Ferreira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - André L. B. Barros
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
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Gomes ER, Souza FR, Cassali GD, Sabino ADP, de Barros ALB, Oliveira MC. Investigation of the Antitumor Activity and Toxicity of Tumor-Derived Exosomes Fused with Long-Circulating and pH-Sensitive Liposomes Containing Doxorubicin. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2256. [PMID: 36365075 PMCID: PMC9696811 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosome-liposome hybrid nanocarriers containing chemotherapeutic agents have been developed to enhance drug delivery, improve the efficacy of the treatment of metastatic cancer, and overcome chemoresistance in cancer therapy. Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate the toxicological profiles of exosomes fused with long-circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes containing doxorubicin (ExoSpHL-DOX) in healthy mice and the antitumor activity of ExoSpHL-DOX in Balb/c female mice bearing 4T1 breast tumors. The acute toxicity was determined by evaluating the mortality and morbidity of the animals and conducting hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses after a single intravenous administration of ExoSpHL-DOX. The results of the study indicated that the ExoSpHL-DOX treatment is less toxic than the free doxorubicin (DOX) treatment. ExoSpHL-DOX showed no signs of nephrotoxicity, even at the highest dose of DOX, indicating that the hybrid nanosystem may alter the distribution of DOX and reduce the kidney damage. Regarding the antitumor activity, ExoSpHL-DOX showed an antitumor effect compared to the control group. Furthermore, the hybrid nanocarrier of tumor-derived exosomes fused with long-circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes reduced the number of metastatic foci in the lungs. These results indicate that ExoSpHL-DOX may be a promising nanocarrier for the treatment of breast cancer, reducing toxicity and inhibiting metastasis, mainly in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Rocha Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rezende Souza
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano de Paula Sabino
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luis Branco de Barros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mônica Cristina Oliveira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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28
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Adibfar S, Masjedi A, Nazer A, Rashidi B, Karpisheh V, Izadi S, Hassannia H, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Mohammadi H, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Tarokhian H, Jadidi-Niaragh F. Combined inhibition of EZH2 and CD73 molecules by folic acid-conjugated SPION-TMC nanocarriers loaded with siRNA molecules prevents TNBC progression and restores anti-tumor responses. Life Sci 2022; 309:121008. [PMID: 36179812 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal function or overexpression of CD73 and EZH2 within the tumor microenvironment and tumor cells enhances tumor growth and progression, and in many cases, causes drug resistance. Hence, it seems that silencing the expression of CD73 and EZH2 molecules in breast cancer reduces cancer development and enhances anti-tumor immune responses. METHODS we used siRNA-loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIONs) nanoparticles (NPs) coated with trimethyl chitosan (TMC) and functionalized with folic acid for co-delivery of EZH2/CD73 siRNAs to 4 T1 murine cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Combination therapy markedly inhibited cancer cells' proliferation, migration, and viability and induced apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, in vivo administration of this combination therapy promoted tumor regression and induced anti-tumor immune responses. DISCUSSION The findings indicated the CD73/EZH2 factors inhibition by SPION-TMC-FA NPs as a promising therapeutic strategy in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Adibfar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Masjedi
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Atefeh Nazer
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bentolhoda Rashidi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Karpisheh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Izadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Hassannia
- Immunogenetic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Bioclinicum, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hanieh Tarokhian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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29
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Gomes ER, Carvalho AT, Barbosa TC, Ferreira LL, Calado HDR, Sabino AP, Oliveira MC. Fusion of Tumor-Derived Exosomes with Long-Circulating and pH-Sensitive Liposomes Loaded with Doxorubicin for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:255. [DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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30
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Ashrafizadeh M, Delfi M, Zarrabi A, Bigham A, Sharifi E, Rabiee N, Paiva-Santos AC, Kumar AP, Tan SC, Hushmandi K, Ren J, Zare EN, Makvandi P. Stimuli-responsive liposomal nanoformulations in cancer therapy: Pre-clinical & clinical approaches. J Control Release 2022; 351:50-80. [PMID: 35934254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The site-specific delivery of antitumor agents is of importance for providing effective cancer suppression. Poor bioavailability of anticancer compounds and the presence of biological barriers prevent their accumulation in tumor sites. These obstacles can be overcome using liposomal nanostructures. The challenges in cancer chemotherapy and stimuli-responsive nanocarriers are first described in the current review. Then, stimuli-responsive liposomes including pH-, redox-, enzyme-, light-, thermo- and magneto-sensitive nanoparticles are discussed and their potential for delivery of anticancer drugs is emphasized. The pH- or redox-sensitive liposomes are based on internal stimulus and release drug in response to a mildly acidic pH and GSH, respectively. The pH-sensitive liposomes can mediate endosomal escape via proton sponge. The multifunctional liposomes responsive to both redox and pH have more capacity in drug release at tumor site compared to pH- or redox-sensitive alone. The magnetic field and NIR irradiation can be exploited for external stimulation of liposomes. The light-responsive liposomes release drugs when they are exposed to irradiation; thermosensitive-liposomes release drugs at a temperature of >40 °C when there is hyperthermia; magneto-responsive liposomes release drugs in presence of magnetic field. These smart nanoliposomes also mediate co-delivery of drugs and genes in synergistic cancer therapy. Due to lack of long-term toxicity of liposomes, they can be utilized in near future for treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Masoud Delfi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Ashkan Bigham
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials-National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54-Mostra d'Oltremare pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 6517838736 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea; School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology and zoonosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | - Pooyan Makvandi
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan 36716-41167, Iran; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Materials Interfaces, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy.
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31
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Gupta U, Saren BN, Khaparkhuntikar K, Madan J, Singh PK. Applications of lipid-engineered nanoplatforms in the delivery of various cancer therapeutics to surmount breast cancer. J Control Release 2022; 348:1089-1115. [PMID: 35640765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most extensively accounted malignancy among the women across the globe and is treatable in 70-80% of patients with early-stage, non-metastatic cancer. The current available therapies have been found to be less effective to treat distant organ metastases and advanced breast cancers. The clinical efficacy hugely suffers from chemoresistance, non-specific toxicity, relapse and other associated adverse effects. Furthermore, lack of controlled delivery and effective temporospatial presence of chemotherapeutics has resulted in suboptimal therapeutic response. Nanotechnology based approaches have been widely used over the period as they are nanometric, offer controlled and site-specific drug release along with reduced toxicity, improved half-life, and stability. Lipid-based nanoplatforms have grabbed a tremendous attention for delivering cancer therapeutics as they are cost-effective, scalable and provide better entrapment efficiency. In this review, all the promising applications of lipid-engineered nanotechnological tools for breast cancer will be summarized and discussed. Subsequently, BC therapy achieved with the aid of chemotherapeutics, phytomedicine, genes, peptides, photosensitizers, diagnostic and immunogenic agents etc. will be reviewed and discussed. This review gives tabular information on all the results obtained pertaining to the physicochemical properties of the lipidic nanocarrier, in vitro studies conferring to mechanistic drug release profile, cell viability, cellular apoptosis and in vivo studies referring to cellular internalisation, reduction of tumor volume, PK-PD profile, bioavailability achieved and anti-tumor activity in detail. It also gives complete information on the most relevant clinical trials done on lipidic nanoplatforms over two decades in tabular form. The review highlights the current status and future prospects of lipidic nanoplatforms with streamlined focus on cancer nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujala Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Brojendra Nath Saren
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Kedar Khaparkhuntikar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Jitender Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India.
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32
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Song P, Han X, Zheng R, Yan J, Wu X, Wang Y, Zhang H. Upregulation of MHC-I and downregulation of PD-L1 expression by doxorubicin and deferasirox codelivered liposomal nanoparticles for chemoimmunotherapy of melanoma. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122002. [PMID: 35817272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy is a promising strategy to activate the immune system and eliminate tumors. Major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) is usually applied to potentiate antigen presentation, but it is associated with upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, which is unfavorable for activation of immune responses. Moreover, poor permeability of various therapeutic antibodies results in the limited immune response rates of most patients. It is necessary to develop combined small molecule drug delivery systems for simultaneous upregulation of MHC-I expression and downregulation of PD-L1 expression, promoting effective tumor treatment. A moderate dose of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) can induce upregulation of MHC-I expression, while deferasirox (DFX) can inhibit the PI3K-Akt pathway, which potentially downregulates PD-L1 expression. In the present study, we designed a pH-sensitive liposome to incorporate DOX in the hydrophilic cavity and embed DFX in the hydrophobic shell, forming a dual delivery system (DOX-DFXL). In a B16F10 melanoma-bearing mouse model, DOX and DFX were released in acidic tumor microenvironment, which further lead to enhanced antigen presentation and infiltration of T cells into tumor tissues as a result of tumor remission. This codelivery system holds great potential for clinical applications of tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Song
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqing Han
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Runxiao Zheng
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Jiao Yan
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaqing Wu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yanjing Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
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Luiz MT, Dutra JAP, Ribeiro TDC, Carvalho GC, Sábio RM, Marchetti JM, Chorilli M. Folic acid-modified curcumin-loaded liposomes for breast cancer therapy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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张 曼, 楼 晨, 曹 傲. [Progresses on active targeting liposome drug delivery systems for tumor therapy]. SHENG WU YI XUE GONG CHENG XUE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING = SHENGWU YIXUE GONGCHENGXUE ZAZHI 2022; 39:633-638. [PMID: 35788534 PMCID: PMC10950775 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202110067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Liposome is an ideal drug carrier with many advantages such as excellent biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, and easy functionalization, and has been used for the clinical treatment of many diseases including tumors. For the treatment of tumors, liposome has some passive targeting capability, but the passive targeting effect alone is very limited in improving the drug enrichment in tumor tissues, and active targeting is an effective strategy to improve the drug enrichment. Therefore, active targeting liposome drug-carriers have been extensively studied for decades. In this paper, we review the research progresses on active targeting liposome drug-carriers based on the specific binding of the carriers to the surface of tumor cells, and summarize the opportunities, challenges and future prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- 曼玉 张
- 上海大学 纳米化学与生物学研究所(上海 200444)Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - 晨曦 楼
- 上海大学 纳米化学与生物学研究所(上海 200444)Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - 傲能 曹
- 上海大学 纳米化学与生物学研究所(上海 200444)Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
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Teixeira S, Carvalho MA, Castanheira EMS. Functionalized Liposome and Albumin-Based Systems as Carriers for Poorly Water-Soluble Anticancer Drugs: An Updated Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:486. [PMID: 35203695 PMCID: PMC8962385 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In the available treatments, chemotherapy is one of the most used, but has several associated problems, namely the high toxicity to normal cells and the resistance acquired by cancer cells to the therapeutic agents. The scientific community has been battling against this disease, developing new strategies and new potential chemotherapeutic agents. However, new drugs often exhibit poor solubility in water, which led researchers to develop functionalized nanosystems to carry and, specifically deliver, the drugs to cancer cells, targeting overexpressed receptors, proteins, and organelles. Thus, this review is focused on the recent developments of functionalized nanosystems used to carry poorly water-soluble drugs, with special emphasis on liposomes and albumin-based nanosystems, two major classes of organic nanocarriers with formulations already approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Teixeira
- Centre of Chemistry, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho (CQUM), 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (S.T.); (M.A.C.)
- Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Alice Carvalho
- Centre of Chemistry, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho (CQUM), 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (S.T.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Elisabete M. S. Castanheira
- Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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D'Angelo NA, Noronha MA, Câmara MCC, Kurnik IS, Feng C, Araujo VHS, Santos JHPM, Feitosa V, Molino JVD, Rangel-Yagui CO, Chorilli M, Ho EA, Lopes AM. Doxorubicin nanoformulations on therapy against cancer: An overview from the last 10 years. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 133:112623. [PMID: 35525766 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a natural antibiotic with antineoplastic activity. It has been used for over 40 years and remains one of the most used drugs in chemotherapy for a variety of cancers. However, cardiotoxicity limits its use for long periods. To overcome this limitation, encapsulation in smart drug delivery systems (DDS) brings advantages in comparison with free drug administration (i.e., conventional anticancer drug therapy). In this review, we present the most relevant nanostructures used for DOX encapsulation over the last 10 years, such as liposomes, micelles and polymeric vesicles (i.e., polymersomes), micro/nanoemulsions, different types of polymeric nanoparticles and hydrogel nanoparticles, as well as novel approaches for DOX encapsulation. The studies highlighted here show these nanoformulations achieved higher solubility, improved tumor cytotoxicity, prolonged DOX release, as well as reduced side effects, among other interesting advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália A D'Angelo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariana A Noronha
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mayra C C Câmara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Isabelle S Kurnik
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Chuying Feng
- Laboratory for Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10 Victoria St S, Kitchener, Ontario N2G1C5, Canada
| | - Victor H S Araujo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - João H P M Santos
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Micromanufacturing Laboratory, Center for Bionanomanufacturing, Institute for Technological Research (IPT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valker Feitosa
- Micromanufacturing Laboratory, Center for Bionanomanufacturing, Institute for Technological Research (IPT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlota O Rangel-Yagui
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel A Ho
- Laboratory for Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10 Victoria St S, Kitchener, Ontario N2G1C5, Canada
| | - André M Lopes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
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PEGylated versus Non-PEGylated pH-Sensitive Liposomes: New Insights from a Comparative Antitumor Activity Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020272. [PMID: 35214005 PMCID: PMC8874560 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PEGylated liposomes are largely studied as long-circulating drug delivery systems. Nevertheless, the addition of PEG can result in reduced interactions between liposomes and cells, hindering liposomal internalization into target cells. The presence of PEG on the surface of pH-sensitive liposomes is not advantageous in terms of biodistribution and tumor uptake, raising the question of whether the indiscriminate use of PEG benefits the formulation. In this study, two doxorubicin-loaded pH-sensitive liposomal formulations, PEGylated (Lip2000-DOX) or non-PEGylated (Lip-DOX), were prepared and characterized. Overall, the PEGylated and non-PEGylated liposomes showed no differences in size or morphology in Cryo-TEM image analysis. Specifically, DLS analysis showed a mean diameter of 140 nm, PDI lower than 0.2, and zeta potential close to neutrality. Both formulations showed an EP higher than 90%. With respect to drug delivery, Lip-DOX had better cellular uptake than Lip2000-DOX, suggesting that the presence of PEG reduced the amount of intracellular DOX accumulation. The antitumor activities of free-DOX and both liposomal formulations were evaluated in 4T1 breast tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. The results showed that Lip-DOX was more effective in controlling tumor growth than other groups, inhibiting tumor growth by 60.4%. Histological lung analysis confirmed that none of the animals in the Lip-DOX group had metastatic foci. These results support that pH-sensitive liposomes have interesting antitumor properties and may produce important outcomes without PEG.
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Khodaverdi H, Zeini MS, Moghaddam MM, Vazifedust S, Akbariqomi M, Tebyanian H. Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of the Anti-Cancer Drugs: A Review. Curr Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1012-1033. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666220117102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Cancer is one of the main reasons for mortality worldwide. Chemotherapeutic agents have been effectively designed to increase certain patients' survival rates, but ordinarily designed chemotherapeutic agents necessarily deliver toxic chemotherapeutic drugs to healthy tissues, resulting in serious side effects. Cancer cells can often acquire drug resistance after repeated dosing of current chemotherapeutic agents, restricting their efficacy. Given such obstacles, investigators have attempted to distribute chemotherapeutic agents using targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs), especially nanotechnology-based DDSs. Lipid-Based Nanoparticles (LBNPs) are a large and complex class of substances that have been utilized to manage a variety of diseases, mostly cancer. Liposomes seem to be the most frequently employed LBNPs, owing to their high biocompatibility, bioactivity, stability, and flexibility; howbeit Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and Non-structured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) have lately received a lot of interest. Besides that, there are several reports that concentrate on novel therapies via LBNPs to manage various forms of cancer. In the present research, the latest improvements in the application of LBNPs have been shown to deliver different therapeutic agents to cancerous cells and have been demonstrated LBNPs also can be a quite successful candidate in cancer therapy for subsequent use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Khodaverdi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shokrian Zeini
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mostafa Akbariqomi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Tebyanian
- School of Dentistry, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Martín-Sabroso C, Torres-Suárez AI, Alonso-González M, Fernández-Carballido A, Fraguas-Sánchez AI. Active Targeted Nanoformulations via Folate Receptors: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:14. [PMID: 35056911 PMCID: PMC8781617 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In normal tissues, the expression of folate receptors is low and limited to cells that are important for embryonic development or for folate reabsorption. However, in several pathological conditions some cells, such as cancer cells and activated macrophages, overexpress folate receptors (FRs). This overexpression makes them a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases to obtain a selective delivery of drugs at altered cells level, and thus to improve the therapeutic efficacy and decrease the systemic toxicity of the pharmacological treatments. Two strategies have been used to achieve this folate receptor targeting: (i) the use of ligands with high affinity to FRs (e.g., folic acid or anti-FRs monoclonal antibodies) linked to the therapeutic agents or (ii) the use of nanocarriers whose surface is decorated with these ligands and in which the drug is encapsulated. This manuscript analyzes the use of FRs as a target to develop new therapeutic tools in the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases with an emphasis on the nanoformulations that have been developed for both therapeutic and imaging purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martín-Sabroso
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (A.I.T.-S.); (M.A.-G.); (A.F.-C.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Torres-Suárez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (A.I.T.-S.); (M.A.-G.); (A.F.-C.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Alonso-González
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (A.I.T.-S.); (M.A.-G.); (A.F.-C.)
| | - Ana Fernández-Carballido
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (A.I.T.-S.); (M.A.-G.); (A.F.-C.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Fraguas-Sánchez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (A.I.T.-S.); (M.A.-G.); (A.F.-C.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Singh D, Kaur P, Attri S, Singh S, Sharma P, Mohana P, Kaur K, Kaur H, Singh G, Rashid F, Singh D, Kumar A, Rajput A, Bedi N, Singh B, Buttar HS, Arora S. Recent Advances in the Local Drug Delivery Systems for Improvement of Anticancer Therapy. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:560 - 586. [PMID: 34906056 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666211214112710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The conventional anticancer chemotherapies not only cause serious toxic effects, but also produce resistance in tumor cells exposed to long-term therapy. Usually, the killing of metastasized cancer cells requires long-term therapy with higher drug doses, because the cancer cells develop resistance due to the induction of poly-glycoproteins (P-gps) that act as a transmembrane efflux pump to transport drugs out of the cells. During the last few decades, scientists have been exploring new anticancer drug delivery systems such as microencapsulation, hydrogels, and nanotubes to improve bioavailability, reduce drug-dose requirement, decrease multiple drug resistance, and to save normal cells as non-specific targets. Hopefully, the development of novel drug delivery vehicles (nanotubes, liposomes, supramolecules, hydrogels, and micelles) will assist to deliver drug molecules at the specific target site and reduce the undesirable side effects of anticancer therapies in humans. Nanoparticles and lipid formulations are also designed to deliver small drug payload at the desired tumor cell sites for their anticancer actions. This review will focus on the recent advances in the drug delivery systems, and their application in treating different cancer types in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Shivani Attri
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Sharabjit Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Palvi Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Pallavi Mohana
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Harneetpal Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Farhana Rashid
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga. India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. 0
| | - Ankita Rajput
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. 0
| | - Neena Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. 0
| | - Balbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. 0
| | - Harpal Singh Buttar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario. Canada
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
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Nunes SS, Miranda SEM, de Oliveira Silva J, Fernandes RS, de Alcântara Lemos J, de Aguiar Ferreira C, Townsend DM, Cassali GD, Oliveira MC, Branco de Barros AL. pH-responsive and folate-coated liposomes encapsulating irinotecan as an alternative to improve efficacy of colorectal cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112317. [PMID: 34634556 PMCID: PMC9052206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (IRN) is a semisynthetic derivative of camptothecin that acts as a topoisomerase I inhibitor. IRN is used worldwide for the treatment of several types of cancer, including colorectal cancer, however its use can lead to serious adverse effects, as diarrhea and myelosuppression. Liposomes are widely used as drug delivery systems that can improve chemotherapeutic activity and decrease side effects. Liposomes can also be pH-sensitive to release its content preferentially in acidic environments, like tumors, and be surface-functionalized for targeting purposes. Herein, we developed a folate-coated pH-sensitive liposome as a drug delivery system for IRN to reach improved tumor therapy without potential adverse events. Liposomes were prepared containing IRN and characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, concentration, encapsulation, cellular uptake, and release profile. Antitumor activity was investigated in a murine model of colorectal cancer, and its toxicity was evaluated by hematological/biochemical tests and histological analysis of main organs. The results showed vesicles smaller than 200 nm with little dispersion, a surface charge close to neutral, and high encapsulation rate of over 90%. The system demonstrated prolonged and sustained release in pH-dependent manner with high intracellular drug delivery capacity. Importantly, the folate-coated pH-sensitive formulation had significantly better antitumor activity than the pH-dependent system only or the free drug. Tumor tissue of IRN-containing groups presented large areas of necrosis. Furthermore, no evidence of systemic toxicity was found for the groups investigated. Thus, our developed nanodrug IRN delivery system can potentially be an alternative to conventional colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirleide Santos Nunes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sued Eustaquio Mendes Miranda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Oliveira Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Salgado Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Janaína de Alcântara Lemos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mônica Cristina Oliveira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luís Branco de Barros
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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He X, Jiang Z, Akakuru OU, Li J, Wu A. Nanoscale covalent organic frameworks: from controlled synthesis to cancer therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12417-12435. [PMID: 34734601 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04846e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as a new type of crystalline porous materials, mainly consist of light-weight elements (H, B, C, N and O) linked by dynamic covalent bonds to form periodical structures of two or three dimensions. As an attribute of their low density, large surface area, and excellent adjustable pore size, COFs show great potential in many fields including energy storage and separation, catalysis, sensing, and biomedicine. However, compared with metal organic frameworks (MOFs), the relatively large size and irregular morphology of COFs affect their biocompatibility and bioavailability in vivo, thus impeding their further biomedical applications. This Review focuses on the controlled design strategies of nanoscale COFs (NCOFs), unique properties of NCOFs for biomedical applications, and recent progress in NCOFs for cancer therapy. In addition, current challenges for the biomedical use of NCOFs and perspectives for further improvements are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu He
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenqi Jiang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
| | - Ozioma Udochukwu Akakuru
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Li
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China. .,Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, P. R. China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China. .,Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, P. R. China
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43
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Lages EB, Fernandes RS, Andrade MMS, Paiyabhroma N, de Oliveira RB, Fernandes C, Cassali GD, Sicard P, Richard S, Branco de Barros AL, Ferreira LAM. pH-sensitive doxorubicin-tocopherol succinate prodrug encapsulated in docosahexaenoic acid-based nanostructured lipid carriers: An effective strategy to improve pharmacokinetics and reduce toxic effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112373. [PMID: 34794238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Side effects often limit the use of doxorubicin (DOX) in cancer treatment. We have recently developed a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulation for synergistic chemotherapy, encapsulating DOX and the anticancer adjuvants docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and α-tocopherol succinate (TS). Hydrophobic ion-pairing with TS allowed a high DOX entrapment in the nanocarrier. In this work, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of this formulation after intravenous administration in mice. The first data obtained led us to propose synthesizing covalent DOX-TS conjugates to increase DOX retention in the NLC. We successfully conjugated DOX to TS via an amide or hydrazone bond. In vitro studies in 4T1 tumor cells indicated low cytotoxicity of the amide derivative, while the hydrazone conjugate was effective in killing cancer cells. We encapsulated the hydrazone derivative in a DHA-based nanocarrier (DOX-hyd-TS/NLC), which had reduced particle size and high drug encapsulation efficiency. The pH-sensitive hydrazone bond allowed controlled DOX release from the NLC, with increased drug release at acidic conditions. In vivo studies revealed that DOX-hyd-TS/NLC had a better pharmacokinetic profile than free DOX and attenuated the short-term cardiotoxic effects caused by DOX, such as QT prolongation and impaired left ventricular systolic function. Moreover, this formulation showed excellent therapeutic performance by reducing tumor growth in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice and decreasing DOX-induced toxicity to the heart and liver, demonstrated by hematologic, biochemical, and histologic analyses. These results indicate that DOX-hyd-TS/NLC may be a promising nanocarrier for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Burgarelli Lages
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Renata Salgado Fernandes
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina Mol Sena Andrade
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Barbosa de Oliveira
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Christian Fernandes
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pierre Sicard
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France; IPAM, BioCampus Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Richard
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France; IPAM, BioCampus Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - André Luís Branco de Barros
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Antônio Miranda Ferreira
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Wang D, Yang F, Shang W, Zhao Z, Shen J, Cai H. Paeoniflorin-loaded pH-sensitive liposomes alleviate synovial inflammation by altering macrophage polarity via STAT signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108310. [PMID: 34749294 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage polarization plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and could be regulated by natural extracts paeoniflorin (Pae) but with low bioavailability. In the present study, Pae-loaded liposomes (Pae-LS) with co-conjugation of folate and PEG were prepared for the improvement of therapeutic benefits. We evaluated biophysical characterizations of Pae-LS and macrophage uptake of liposomes, as well as gain insight into whether Pae-LS can improve synovial inflammation in CIA rats and how Pae-LS promoted RAW 264.7 macrophages phenotype switch. We found that Pae-LS showed physical stability, sustained release, long circulation, pH-responsive properties, and higher uptake by active macrophages than free Pae. Furthermore, Pae-LS could repress STAT1 phosphorylation to reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and iNOS expression, as well as lead to a marked increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) and CD206 levels via elevated p-STAT6. In contrast to free Pae, Pae-LS treatment was more effective in alleviating synovial inflammation and hyperplasia in the ankle joint of CIA rats. Our study revealed Pae-LS could effectively suppress synovial inflammation of CIA rats by regulating macrophage polarization via STAT signaling and had the potential for RA treatment as liposome delivery carriers systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Wang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, China; Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 210002 Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, China; Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 210002 Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Shang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 210002 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiming Zhao
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 210002 Nanjing, China
| | - Junyi Shen
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 210002 Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, China; Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 210002 Nanjing, China.
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45
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Li C, Gou X, Gao H. Doxorubicin nanomedicine based on ginsenoside Rg1 with alleviated cardiotoxicity and enhanced antitumor activity. NANOMEDICINE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 16:2587-2604. [PMID: 34719938 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The authors aimed to develop Dox@Rg1 nanoparticles with decreased cardiotoxicity to expand their application in cancer. Materials & methods: Dox@Rg1 nanoparticles were developed by encapsulating doxorubicin (Dox) in a self-assembled Rg1. The antitumor effect of the nanoparticles was estimated using 4T1 tumor-bearing mice and the protective effect on the heart was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results: Different from Dox, the Dox@Rg1 nanoparticles induced increased cytotoxicity to tumor cells, which was decreased in cardiomyocytes by the inhibition of apoptosis. The study in vivo revealed that the Dox@Rg1 nanoparticles presented a perfect tumor-targeting ability and improved antitumor effects. Conclusion: Dox@Rg1 nanoparticles could enhance the antitumor effects and decrease the cardiotoxicity of Dox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting & Bioimaging, Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangbo Gou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting & Bioimaging, Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting & Bioimaging, Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes & Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300384, China
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46
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Zhou B, Li M, Xu X, Yang L, Ye M, Chen Y, Peng J, Xiao L, Wang L, Huang S, Zhang L, Lin Q, Zhang Z. Integrin α 2β 1 Targeting DGEA-Modified Liposomal Doxorubicin Enhances Antitumor Efficacy against Breast Cancer. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2634-2646. [PMID: 34134485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer was the leading cause of newly diagnosed cases of tumors in 2020, ranking as the second highest cause of female death. Chemotherapy remains the conventional treatment of choice for breast tumors in most clinical cases. However, it is often accompanied by a poor prognosis and severe side effects, resulting from an insufficient accumulation of the drug at tumor sites and an unsystematic distribution of the drug across the body. Inspired by the fact that breast tumor cells overexpress integrin α2β1 on the surface, we designed and constructed an integrin α2β1 targeting DGEA-modified liposomal doxorubicin (DGEA-Lipo-DOX) platform for application in breast cancer therapy. The DGEA-Lipo-DOX was stable with a uniform particle size of 121.1 ± 3.8 nm and satisfactory drug encapsulation. Demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, the constructed platform exhibited improved antitumor ability. The DGEA-Lipo-DOX showed 4-fold enhanced blood circulation and 6-fold increased accumulation of DOX at the tumor sites compared to those of free DOX, resulting in a significantly enhanced antitumor efficacy in tumor-bearing mice. A preliminary safety evaluation suggested that the systemic toxicity of DOX was relieved by DGEA-Lipo delivery. Collectively, binding integrin α2β1 by DGEA may represent an alternative therapeutic strategy for potentially safer breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Linyu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shiqi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Qing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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Yang B, Song BP, Shankar S, Guller A, Deng W. Recent advances in liposome formulations for breast cancer therapeutics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5225-5243. [PMID: 33974093 PMCID: PMC11071878 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Among many nanoparticle-based delivery platforms, liposomes have been particularly successful with many formulations passed into clinical applications. They are well-established and effective gene and/or drug delivery systems, widely used in cancer therapy including breast cancer. In this review we discuss liposome design with the targeting feature and triggering functions. We also summarise the recent progress (since 2014) in liposome-based therapeutics for breast cancer including chemotherapy and gene therapy. We finally identify some challenges on the liposome technology development for the future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyao Yang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, the Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Bo-Ping Song
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, the Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shaina Shankar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, the Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Anna Guller
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, the Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Wei Deng
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, the Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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48
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Borges GSM, Lages EB, Sicard P, Ferreira LAM, Richard S. Nanomedicine in Oncocardiology: Contribution and Perspectives of Preclinical Studies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:690533. [PMID: 34277738 PMCID: PMC8277942 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.690533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death and morbidity worldwide. Strikingly, cardiovascular disorders are more common and more severe in cancer patients than in the general population, increasing incidence rates. In this context, it is vital to consider the anticancer efficacy of a treatment and the devastating heart complications it could potentially cause. Oncocardiology has emerged as a promising medical and scientific field addressing these aspects from different angles. Interestingly, nanomedicine appears to have great promise in reducing the cardiotoxicity of anticancer drugs, maintaining or even enhancing their efficacy. Several studies have shown the benefits of nanocarriers, although with some flaws when considering the concept of oncocardiology. Herein, we discuss how preclinical studies should be designed as closely as possible to clinical protocols, considering various parameters intrinsic to the animal models used and the experimental protocols. The sex and age of the animals, the size and location of the tumors, the doses of the nanoformulations administered, and the acute vs. the long-term effects of treatments are essential aspects. We also discuss the perspectives offered by non-invasive imaging techniques to simultaneously assess both the anticancer effects of treatment and its potential impact on the heart. The overall objective is to accelerate the development and validation of nanoformulations through high-quality preclinical studies reproducing the clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Silva Marques Borges
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Eduardo Burgarelli Lages
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Sicard
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,IPAM, BioCampus, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucas Antônio Miranda Ferreira
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sylvain Richard
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,IPAM, BioCampus, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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49
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Abbasi H, Rahbar N, Kouchak M, Khalil Dezfuli P, Handali S. Functionalized liposomes as drug nanocarriers for active targeted cancer therapy: a systematic review. J Liposome Res 2021; 32:195-210. [PMID: 33729077 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2021.1903035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a broad term used to describe a group of diseases that have more than 270 types. Today, due to the suffering of patients from the side effects of existing methods in the treatment of cancer such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the employment of targeted methods in the treatment of this disease has been received much consideration. In recent years, nanoparticles have revolutionized in the treatment of many diseases such as cancer. Among these nanoparticles, liposomes are more considerable. Active targeted liposomes show an important role in the selective action of the drug on cancer cells. Until now, a variety of anti-cancer agents have been reported for targeted delivery to cancer cells using liposomes. The results of in vitro and studies in vivo have been shown that selective action of the targeted liposomes is increased with reduced side effects and toxicity compared with free drugs or non-targeted liposomes. This systematic review expresses the reports of this type of drug delivery system. Search terms were searched through several online databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct from 1990 to 2019 and the quality evaluation was performed. Out of 11,676 published articles, 196 articles met the inclusion criteria. The current report reviews developments in the liposomes targeted with aptamer, transferrin, folate, and monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Abbasi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nadereh Rahbar
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kouchak
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parna Khalil Dezfuli
- School of Pharmacy Library, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Handali
- Medical Biomaterial Research Center (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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50
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Abdel Fadeel D, Hanafy M, Kelany N, Elywa M. Novel greenly synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles compared to liposomes in drug delivery: in vivo investigation on Ehrlich solid tumor model. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07370. [PMID: 34235286 PMCID: PMC8246399 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS In a previous work, a pure crystalline titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) were synthesized by green synthesis technique using Aloe vera leaves extract as reducing agent. In this work, we are aiming to investigate the potential of the novel greenly synthesized TiO2NPs as a nano-drug delivery system for the anticancer drug, doxorubicin (Dox). MAIN METHODS The cytotoxicity of the synthesized TiO2NPs was tested on two cell lines; normal human skin fibroblasts (HSF) and breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7). Then, Dox was loaded to both TiO2NPs (Dox- TiO2NPs) and liposomes (Dox-Lip). The loaded nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, FTIR, encapsulation efficiency, particle size and zeta potential measurement. Moreover, in vitro drug release was studied. Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice were used to study the anticancer activity of Dox- TiO2NPs, Dox-Lip, and aqueous Dox solution. Tumor volume, survival rate, and histopathological alterations were compared in all groups. KEY FINDINGS Dox was successfully loaded to both liposomes and TiO2NPs with an encapsulation efficiency of 77% and 65%, respectively. The particle size of Dox-TiO2NPs, and Dox-Lip was 14.53 nm, and 103 nm, respectively. The cumulative Dox released from TiO2NPs and liposomes after 4 h was 18 and 46%, respectively.Dox-Lip and Dox-TiO2NPs resulted in the highest degree of tumor growth inhibition with 100% and 83% of treated animals remained alive, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE The greenly synthesized TiO2NPs were proved to be as effective as liposomes in enhancing the anticancer activity of Dox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa.A. Abdel Fadeel
- Pharmaceutical Technology Unit, Department of Medical Applications of Laser, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magda.S. Hanafy
- Biophysics Branch, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nermeen.A. Kelany
- Biophysics Branch, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohammed.A. Elywa
- Biophysics Branch, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
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