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Rahimi D, Sharifi R, Jaberie H, Naghibalhossaini F. Antiproliferative and Antitelomerase Effects of Silymarin on Human Colorectal and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Planta Med 2024; 90:298-304. [PMID: 38219733 DOI: 10.1055/a-2244-8788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Silymarin, a widely-used hepatoprotective agent, has shown antitumor properties in both in vitro and animal studies. Currently, there is limited knowledge regarding silymarin's antitelomerase effects on human colorectal cancer and hepatocyte carcinoma cells. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative and antitelomerase effects of silymarin on four human colorectal cancer and HepG2 hepatocyte carcinoma cell lines. The cell viability and telomerase activity were assessed using MTT and the telomerase repeat amplification protocol assay, respectively. We also investigated the effects of silymarin on the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase and its promoter methylation in HepG2 cells by real-time RT-PCR and methylation-specific PCR, respectively. Silymarin treatment inhibited cell proliferation and telomerase activity in all cancer cells. After 24 h of treatment, silymarin exhibited IC50 values ranging from 19 - 56.3 µg/mL against these cancer cells. A 30-min treatment with silymarin at the IC50 concentration effectively inhibited telomerase activity in cell-free extracts of both colorectal cancer and hepatocyte carcinoma cells. Treatment of HepG2 cells with 10 and 30 µg/mL of silymarin for 48 h resulted in a decrease in human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression to 75 and 35% of the level observed in the untreated control (p < 0.01), respectively. Treatment with silymarin (10, 30, and 60 µg/mL) for 48 h did not affect human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter methylation in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that silymarin inhibits cancer cell growth by directly inhibiting telomerase activity and downregulating its human telomerase reverse transcriptase catalytic subunit. However, silymarin did not affect human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter methylation at the concentrations of 10 - 60 µg/mL used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daruosh Rahimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Roya Sharifi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Jaberie
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Ray PP, Islam MA, Islam MS, Han A, Geng P, Aziz MA, Mamun AA. A comprehensive evaluation of the therapeutic potential of silibinin: a ray of hope in cancer treatment. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1349745. [PMID: 38487172 PMCID: PMC10937417 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1349745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds hold promise in the search for cancer therapies due to their unique chemical structures and combinations that may effectively combat cancer while minimizing toxicity and side effects compared to conventional treatments. Silibinin, a natural lignan, has been found to possess strong anti-cancer activity against several types of human cancers based on emerging research. This study aims to provide an overview of the therapeutic potential of silibinin in the treatment and prevention of cancers. A comprehensive search was conducted using various internet databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect to identify relevant research papers. Silibinin has been shown to exhibit anticancer activity against several types of cancers, including liver, lungs, breast, prostate, colorectal, skin, and bladder cancers. Its multifaceted mechanisms of action contribute to its therapeutic effects. Silibinin exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic activities, making it a promising candidate for cancer therapy. One of the key mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of silibinin is its ability to modulate multiple signaling pathways involved in cancer development and progression. It can inhibit the activation of various oncogenic pathways, including PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, and MAPK pathways, thereby suppressing cancer cell proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest, and promoting apoptosis. Silibinin possesses great potential as an effective treatment agent for cancer. The multifaceted mechanisms of action, favorable safety profile, and potential synergistic effects of silibinin with conventional therapies make it an attractive candidate for further investigation and development as a cancer treatment. However, more extensive clinical studies are necessary to fully establish the efficacy, optimal dosage, and long-term effects of silibinin in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantha Prodip Ray
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Aixia Han
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Md. Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
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Martins JA, Balbueno MCDS, Coelho CDP. Action of Carduus marianus 6cH on Hepatopathy and Gallstone in Ambystoma mexicanum (Axolotl): Case Report. HOMEOPATHY 2024. [PMID: 38423037 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1778686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carduus marianus is a Mediterranean plant used for treating liver diseases. One of its properties is that it inhibits fat peroxidation, which can contribute toward the prevention of metabolites that are harmful to the liver. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the treatment of fatty liver disease in an axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum). METHODS An approximately 6-year-old female specimen of A. mexicanum, of length 21 cm and weight 153 g, presented edema in the rostral region and inappetence. Ultrasound showed hepatopathy and a gallbladder stone. A globule of C. marianus 6cH was diluted in 30 mL distilled water and administered in spray form over the animal twice a day. RESULTS Twenty days after the beginning of the treatment, improvement of the facial edema and return of appetite were observed. Ultrasound showed improvement in the appearance of the liver and reduction in the size of the gallstone. The Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy score was +9 in this case, thus suggesting a causal relationship between the use of homeopathic medicine and the clinical outcome. CONCLUSION C. marianus 6cH appeared to be effective in treating fatty liver disease and gallstone in this specimen of A. mexicanum.
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Ji G, Li Y, Zhang Z, Li H, Sun P. Recent advances of novel targeted drug delivery systems based on natural medicine monomers against hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24667. [PMID: 38312669 PMCID: PMC10834828 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent type of liver cancer, is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Surgical interventions are often ineffective, leading HCC patients to rely on systemic chemotherapy. Unfortunately, commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs have limited efficacy and can adversely affect vital organs, causing significant physical and psychological distress for patients. Natural medicine monomers (NMMs) have shown promising efficacy and safety profiles in HCC treatment, garnering attention from researchers. In recent years, the development of novel targeted drug delivery systems (TDDS) combining NMMs with nanocarriers has emerged. These TDDS aim to concentrate drugs effectively in HCC cells by manipulating the characteristics of nanomedicines, leveraging receptor and ligand interactions, and utilizing endogenous stimulatory responses to promote specific nanomedicines distribution. This comprehensive review presents recent research on TDDS for HCC treatment using NMMs from three perspectives: passive TDDS, active TDDS, and stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (SDDS). It consolidates the current state of research on TDDS for HCC treatment with NMMs and highlights the potential of these innovative approaches in improving treatment outcomes. Moreover, the review also identifies research gaps in the related fields to provide references for future targeted therapy research in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zhiyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Ping Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
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Huang L, Liu J, Jin Y, Qiu Y, Qin X, Wu S, Chen D, Bie C, Kuang W, Liu H. Niujiao Dihuang Jiedu decoction promotes SLC7A11 m5C methylation modification against ferroptosis in acute-on-chronic liver failure. Phytomedicine 2024; 122:155136. [PMID: 38014838 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) constitutes a prevalent manifestation of liver failure within clinical settings. This condition manifests swiftly and is characterized by an exceedingly elevated fatality rate. OBJECTIVE While numerous investigations have delved into the role of RNA methylation in ferroptosis, the impact of such methylation on ACLF-associated ferroptosis remains notably underexplored. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the efficacy of Niujiao Dihuang Jiedu decoction (NDD) in mitigating ferroptosis in ACLF, with a specific focus on RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) methylation. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ACLF rat model was established alongside an erastin-induced ferroptosis model in LO2 cells. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to substantiate NDD's influence on ferroptosis. The modifying influence of methylase NOL1/NOP2/sun domain (NSUN5) upon SLC7A11, a key ferroptosis-associated gene, was probed through dot blot, immunofluorescence co-localization, and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) experiments. RESULTS Serological and hepatic histopathological findings indicated NDD's discernible therapeutic impact on ACLF. Furthermore, ferroptosis phenotype experiments revealed NDD's proficiency in effectively impeding the occurrence and development of ferroptosis. Dot blot assays demonstrated a reduction in the overall RNA m5C levels during cellular ferroptosis. Furthermore, through immunofluorescence co-localization and RIP techniques, we found that the propensity of methylase NSUN5 to associate with SLC7A11 mRNA, thereby enhancing its protein translation and conferring resistance against ferroptosis. CONCLUSION RNA methylation is involved in the process of ACLF-associated ferroptosis, and NDD can inhibit ACLF-associated ferroptosis by fostering SLC7A11 m5C methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiao Huang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 518104, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 518104, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yubo Jin
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 518104, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials of Guangdong Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yafang Qiu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 518104, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianfeng Qin
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 518104, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shenglan Wu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 518104, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Caiqun Bie
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 518104, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials of Guangdong Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research of Anti-inflammatory Ingredients in Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Helu Liu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 518104, Shenzhen, China.
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Tan X, Ma X, Dai Y, An J, Yu X, Li S, Liao Y, Pei T, Tang Y, Gui Y, Zhou S, Guo D, Deng Y, Hu K, Wang D. A large-scale transcriptional analysis reveals herb-derived ginsenoside F2 suppressing hepatocellular carcinoma via inhibiting STAT3. Phytomedicine 2023; 120:155031. [PMID: 37666060 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common type of cancer that shows great morbidity and mortality rates. However, there are limited available drugs to treat HCC. AIM The present work focused on discovering the potential anti-HCC compounds from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) by employing high-throughput sequencing-based high-throughput screening (HTS2) together with the liver cancer pathway-associated gene signature. METHODS HTS2 assay was adopted for identifying herbs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and computer-aided drug design (CADD) were used to identify key targets and screen the candidate natural products of herbs. Molecular docking, network pharmacology analysis, western blotting, immunofluorescent staining, subcellular fractionation experiment, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) as well as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were performed to validate the ability of compound binding with key target and inhibiting its function. Moreover, cell viability, colony-forming, cell cycle assay and animal experiments were performed to examine the inhibitory effect of compound on HCC. RESULTS We examined the perturbation of 578 herb extracts on the expression of 84 genes from the liver cancer pathway, and identified the top 20 herbs significantly reverting the gene expression of this pathway. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was identified as one of the key targets of the liver cancer pathway by PPI network analysis. Then, by analyzing compounds from top 20 herbs utilizing CADD, we found ginsenoside F2 (GF2) binds to STAT3 with high affinity, which was further validated by the results from molecular docking, SPR and NMR. Additionally, our results showed that GF2 suppresses the phosphorylation of Y705 of STAT3, inhibits its nuclear translocation, decreases its transcriptional activity and inhibits the growth of HCC in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Based on this large-scale transcriptional study, a number of anti-HCC herbs were identified. GF2, a compound derived from TCM, was found to be a chemical basis of these herbs in treating HCC. The present work also discovered that GF2 is a new STAT3 inhibitor, which is able to suppress HCC. As such, GF2 represents a new potential anti-HCC therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yifei Dai
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun An
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiankuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shengrong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yile Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tianli Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yuqin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Clinical Bioinformatics Experimental Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yu Gui
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Dale Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yun Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kaifeng Hu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Rahnama S, Tehrankhah ZM, Mohajerani F, Mohammadi FS, Yeganeh ZY, Najafi F, Babashah S, Sadeghizadeh M. Milk thistle nano-micelle formulation promotes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through modulating miR-155-3p /SOCS2 /PHLDA1 signaling axis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:337. [PMID: 37749575 PMCID: PMC10521506 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent form of liver cancer that causes significant mortality in numerous individuals worldwide. This study compared the effects of milk thistle (MT) and nano-milk thistle (N-MT) on the expression of the genes that participate in apoptosis and cell cycle pathways in Huh-7 and HepG2 cells. METHODS IC50 values of MT and N-MT were determined using the MTT assay. Huh-7 and HepG2 cell lines (containing mutant and wild-type TP53 gene, respectively) were incubated with MT and N-MT for 24h and 48h and the impact of MT and N-MT on the proliferation of these cell lines was evaluated through a comparative analysis. Cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry after 24h and 48h treatment in the cell lines mentioned. Real-time PCR was used to analyze miR-155-3p, PHLDA1, SOCS2, TP53, P21, BAX, and BCL-2 expression in the cell lines that were being treated. RESULTS N-MT reduces cancer cell growth in a time and concentration-dependent manner, which is more toxic compared to MT. Huh-7 was observed to have IC50 values of 2.35 and 1.7 μg/ml at 24h and 48h, and HepG2 was observed to have IC50 values of 3.4 and 2.6 μg/ml at 24 and 48h, respectively. N-MT arrested Huh-7 and HepG2 cells in the Sub-G1 phase and induced apoptosis. N-MT led to a marked reduction in the expression of miR-155-3p and BCL-2 after 24h and 48h treatments. Conversely, PHLDA1, SOCS2, BAX, and P21 were upregulated in the treated cells compared to untreated cells, which suggests that milk thistle has the potential to regulate these genes. N-MT reduced the expression of TP53 in Huh-7 cells after mentioned time points, while there was a significant increase in the expression of the TP53 gene in HepG2 cells. No gene expression changes were observed in MT-treated cells after 24h and 48h. CONCLUSION N-MT can regulate cancer cell death by arresting cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. This occurs through the alteration of apoptotic genes expression. A reduction in the expression of miR-155-3p and increase in the expression of SOCS2 and PHLDA1 after N-MT treatment showed the correlation between miR-155-3p and PHLDA1/SOCS2 found in bioinformatics analysis. While N-MT increased TP53 expression in HepG2, reduced it in Huh-7. The findings indicate that N-MT can function intelligently in cancer cells and can be a helpful complement to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghar Rahnama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Moazezi Tehrankhah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohajerani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shah Mohammadi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Yousefi Yeganeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhood Najafi
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Awad B, Hamza AA, Al-Maktoum A, Al-Salam S, Amin A. Combining Crocin and Sorafenib Improves Their Tumor-Inhibiting Effects in a Rat Model of Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Cirrhotic-Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4063. [PMID: 37627094 PMCID: PMC10452334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, with continuously increasing cases and fatalities. Diagnosis often occurs in the advanced stages, confining patients to systemic therapies such as sorafenib. Sorafenib (SB), a multi-kinase inhibitor, has not yet demonstrated sufficient efficacy against advanced HCC. There is a strong argument in favor of studying its use in combination with other medications to optimize the therapeutic results. According to our earlier work, crocin (CR), a key bioactive component of saffron, hinders HCC development and liver cancer stemness. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic use of CR or its combination with SB in a cirrhotic rat model of HCC and evaluated how effectively SB and CR inhibited tumor growth in this model. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was administered intraperitoneally to rats once a week for 15 weeks, leading to cirrhosis, and then 19 weeks later, leading to multifocal HCC. After 16 weeks of cancer induction, CR (200 mg/kg daily) and SB (10 mg/kg daily) were given orally to rats for three weeks, either separately or in combination. Consistently, the combination treatment considerably decreased the incidence of dyschromatic nodules, nodule multiplicity, and dysplastic nodules when compared to the HCC group of single therapies. Combined therapy also caused the highest degree of apoptosis, along with decreased proliferating and β-catenin levels in the tumor tissues. Additionally, when rats received combined therapy with CR, it showed anti-inflammatory characteristics where nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) were considerably and additively lowered. As a result, CR potentiates the suppressive effects of SB on tumor growth and provides the opportunity to strengthen the therapeutic effects of SB in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Awad
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (B.A.); (A.A.-M.)
| | - Alaaeldin Ahmed Hamza
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 12611, Egypt;
- National Committee for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical Research Council, Academy of Scientific Research, Cairo 11334, Egypt
| | - Amna Al-Maktoum
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (B.A.); (A.A.-M.)
| | - Suhail Al-Salam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Amr Amin
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (B.A.); (A.A.-M.)
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Li W, Xu X. Advances in mitophagy and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related drugs in glioblastoma treatment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1211719. [PMID: 37456742 PMCID: PMC10347406 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1211719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). It is a leading cause of death among patients with intracranial malignant tumors. GBM exhibits intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity, leading to drug resistance and eventual tumor recurrence. Conventional treatments for GBM include maximum surgical resection of glioma tissue, temozolomide administration, and radiotherapy, but these methods do not effectively halt cancer progression. Therefore, development of novel methods for the treatment of GBM and identification of new therapeutic targets are urgently required. In recent years, studies have shown that drugs related to mitophagy and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways can promote the death of glioblastoma cells by inducing mitochondrial damage, impairing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, and depleting large amounts of ATP. Some studies have also shown that modern nano-drug delivery technology targeting mitochondria can achieve better drug release and deeper tissue penetration, suggesting that mitochondria could be a new target for intervention and therapy. The combination of drugs targeting mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagy pathways with nanotechnology is a promising novel approach for treating GBM.This article reviews the current status of drug therapy for GBM, drugs targeting mitophagy and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways, the potential of mitochondria as a new target for GBM treatment, the latest developments pertaining to GBM treatment, and promising directions for future research.
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Morsy HM, Ahmed OM, Zoheir KMA, Abdel-Moneim A. The anticarcinogenic effect of eugenol on lung cancer induced by diethylnitrosamine/2-acetylaminofluorene in Wistar rats: insight on the mechanisms of action. Apoptosis 2023:10.1007/s10495-023-01852-2. [PMID: 37179285 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the ameliorative effects of eugenol and to propose the possible mechanisms of action of eugenol in diethylnitrosamine (DENA)/acetylaminofluorene (AAF)-caused lung cancer in Wistar rats. To induce lung cancer, DENA at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight (b.wt) for 2 weeks were intraperitoneally injected once each week and AAF was administered orally at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.wt. four times each week for the next 3 weeks. DENA/AAF-administered rats were orally supplemented with eugenol at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.wt administered once a day until 17 weeks starting from the 1st week of DENA administration. Lung histological lesions, including sheets of tumor cells, micropapillary adenocarcinoma, and apoptotic cells, resulting from the DENA/AAF dosage, were ameliorated by eugenol treatment. However, a significant drop in the levels of LPO in the lungs and a remarkable rise in GSH content and GPx and SOD activities were observed in DENA/AAF-administered rats treated with eugenol compared with those in DENA/AAF-administered controls. Moreover, in DENA/AAF-administered rats, eugenol supplementation significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels and mRNA expression levels of NF-κB, NF-κB p65, and MCP-1 but significantly elevated the level of Nrf2. Furthermore, the DENA/AAF-administered rats treated with eugenol exhibited a significant downregulation of Bcl-2 expression levels in addition to a significant upregulation in P53 and Bax expression levels. Otherwise, the administration of DENA/AAF elevated the protein expression level of Ki-67, and this elevation was reversed by eugenol treatment. In conclusion, eugenol has effective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic, and antiproliferative properties against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer M Morsy
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Khairy M A Zoheir
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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11
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Kacar AK, Aylar D, Kazdal F, Bahadori F. BuOH fraction of Salix Babylonica L. extract increases pancreatic beta-cell tumor death at lower doses without harming their function. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 90:105609. [PMID: 37164183 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Salix babylonica L. is a species of the willow tree. Insulinoma is a tumor originating from pancreatic beta cells. This study aims to research the effect of different fractions of Salix babylonica L. leaf extract on INS-1 cells for treating pancreatic tumors. Cell death occurred at lower doses in the EtOAc fraction. The cells are functional in the BuOH fraction but not in EtOAc and H2O fractions. The EtOAc fraction has a higher percentage of necrosis and ROS. INS1, INS2, and AKT gene expressions in the H2O fraction, GLUT2, IR, HSP70 gene expressions, and WNT4 protein levels increased in the BuOH fraction. HSP90 gene expression, Beta-actin, GAPDH, insulin, HSP70, HSP90, HSF1, Beta-Catenin, and WNT7A protein levels were decreased, while IR immunolabelling intensity increased in both fractions. Ca+2, K+, Na+, and CA-19-9 in the cell, Ca+2 and K+ in secretion increased. The secondary metabolites in the EtOAc fraction cause more damage in INS-1 cells. Since the water fraction also causes the cells to die in high doses, cell function is damaged. The secondary metabolites in the BuOH fraction kill INS-1 cells with less damage. This makes the BuOH fraction of Salix babylonica L. more valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Karatug Kacar
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Dilara Aylar
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Fatma Kazdal
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatemeh Bahadori
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sánchez-Meza J, Campos-Valdez M, Domínguez-Rosales JA, Godínez-Rubí JM, Rodríguez-Reyes SC, Martínez-López E, Zúñiga-González GM, Sánchez-Orozco LV. Chronic Administration of Diethylnitrosamine and 2-Acetylaminofluorene Induces Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Wistar Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098387. [PMID: 37176094 PMCID: PMC10179122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the biochemical, histological, and gene expression alterations produced in a hepatocarcinogenesis model induced by the chronic administration of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) in Wistar rats. Thirteen rats weighing 180 to 200 g were divided into two groups: control and treated. Rats in the treated group were administered an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of DEN (50 mg/kg/week) and an intragastric (i.g.) dose of 2-AAF (25 mg/kg/week) for 18 weeks. The treated group had significant increases in their total cholesterol, HDL-C, AST, ALT, ALKP, and GGT levels. Furthermore, a histological analysis showed the loss of normal liver architecture with nuclear pleomorphism in the hepatocytes, atypical mitosis, and fibrous septa that were distributed between the portal triads and collagen fibers through the hepatic sinusoids. The gene expressions of 24 genes related to fibrosis, inflammation, apoptosis, cell growth, angiogenesis, lipid metabolism, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were analyzed; only TGFβ, COL1α1, CYP2E1, CAT, SOD, IL6, TNF-α, and ALB showed significant differences when both groups were compared. Additionally, lung histopathological alterations were found in the treated group, suggesting metastasis. In this model, the chronic administration of DEN+2-AAF induces characteristic alterations of hepatocellular carcinoma in Wistar rats without AFP gene expression changes, highlighting different signatures in hepatocellular carcinoma heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Sánchez-Meza
- Instituto de Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Marina Campos-Valdez
- Instituto de Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - José Alfredo Domínguez-Rosales
- Instituto de Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Juliana Marisol Godínez-Rubí
- Laboratorio de Patología Diagnóstica e Inmunohistoquímica, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Sarai Citlalic Rodríguez-Reyes
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Guillermo M Zúñiga-González
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Laura Verónica Sánchez-Orozco
- Instituto de Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
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Chakraborty S, Chakraborty A, Mukherjee B, Besra SE, Dewanjee S, Mukherjee A, Sen R, Ojha PK, Kumar V, Shaw TK, Ghosh P, Debnath MC, Ghosh MK. Assessment of superiority of HSP70-targeting aptamer-functionalized drug-nanocarrier over non-targeted commercially available counterpart in HCC therapy: in vitro and in vivo investigations and molecular modeling. Life Sci 2023; 317:121467. [PMID: 36736764 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This research aims to compare the therapeutic potential of target-specific phosphorothioate backbone-modified aptamer L5 (TLS9a)-functionalized paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded nanocarrier (PTX-NPL5) that we formulated with that of non-targeted commercial formulation, protein albumin-bound nanoparticles of PTX, Abraxane® (CF) against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through a myriad of preclinical investigations. MAIN METHODS A variety of in vitro and in vivo assays have been executed to compare the therapeutic effects of the formulations under investigation, including the investigation of the degree of apoptosis induction and its mechanism, cell cycle analysis, the level of ROS production, and redox status, the morphological and histological characteristics of malignant livers, and in vivo imaging. The formulations were also compared concerning pharmacokinetic behaviors. Finally, in silico molecular docking has been performed to predict the possible interactions between aptamer and target(s). KEY FINDINGS PTX-NPL5 exhibited therapeutic superiority over CF in terms of inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, endorsing oxidative stress to neoplastic cells, and reducing hepatic cancerous lesions. Unlike CF, PTX-NPL5 did not exhibit any significant toxicity in healthy hepatocytes, proving enough impetus regarding the distinctive superiority of PTX-NPL5 over CF. The pharmacokinetic analysis further supported superior penetration and retention of PTX-NPL5 in neoplastic hepatocytes compared to CF. A molecular modeling study proposed possible interaction between aptamer L5 and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). SIGNIFICANCE The target-specificity of PTX-NPL5 towards neoplastic hepatocytes, probably achieved through HSP70 recognition, enhanced its therapeutic efficacy over CF, which may facilitate its real clinical deployment against HCC in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Chakraborty
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Apala Chakraborty
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Biswajit Mukherjee
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Shila Elizabeth Besra
- Central Instrumentation Facility Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Alankar Mukherjee
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Probir Kumar Ojha
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Shaw
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Prasanta Ghosh
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mita Chatterjee Debnath
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Miltu Kumar Ghosh
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Zhang CY, Liu S, Yang M. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents in chronic liver diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapy. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:180-200. [PMID: 36926234 PMCID: PMC10011909 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a continuous process that causes a reduction of liver function lasting more than six months. CLD includes alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic viral infection, and autoimmune hepatitis, which can lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer. Liver inflammation and oxidative stress are commonly associated with the development and progression of CLD. Molecular signaling pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), C-Jun N-terminal kinase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of CLD. Therefore, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents from natural products are new potent therapies for ALD, NAFLD, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we summarize some powerful products that can be potential applied in all the stages of CLD, from ALD/NAFLD to HCC. The selected agents such as β-sitosterol, curcumin, genistein, and silymarin can regulate the activation of several important molecules, including AMPK, Farnesoid X receptor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2, PPARs, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and lysyl oxidase-like proteins. In addition, clinical trials are undergoing to evaluate their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ye Zhang
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Shuai Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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Wang Y, Yuan AJ, Wu YJ, Wu LM, Zhang L. Silymarin in cancer therapy: Mechanisms of action, protective roles in chemotherapy-induced toxicity, and nanoformulations. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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16
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Mohamed EE, Ahmed OM, Abdel-Moneim A, Zoheir KMA, Elesawy BH, Al Askary A, Hassaballa A, El-Shahawy AAG. Protective Effects of Naringin-Dextrin Nanoformula against Chemically Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Wistar Rats: Roles of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Cell Apoptosis, and Proliferation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121558. [PMID: 36559011 PMCID: PMC9786090 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology holds great promise for the development of treatments for deadly human diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the current study, we compared the hepatoprotective effects of naringin-dextrin nanoparticles (NDNPs) against HCC in male Wistar rats with those of pure naringin and investigated the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. HCC was induced by intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 150 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) per week) for two weeks, followed by oral administration of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2AAF, 20 mg/kg b.w.) four times per week for three weeks. DEN/2AAF-administered rats were divided into three groups that respectively received 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (as vehicle), 10 mg/kg b.w. naringin, or 10 mg/kg b.w. NDNP every other day by oral gavage for 24 weeks. Both naringin and NDNP significantly attenuated the harmful effects of DEN on liver function. Both compounds also suppressed tumorigenesis as indicated by the reduced serum concentrations of liver tumor markers, and this antitumor effect was confirmed by histopathological evaluation. Additionally, naringin and NDNP prevented DEN-induced changes in hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant activities. In addition, naringin and NDNP suppressed inflammation induced by DEN. Moreover, naringin and NDNP significantly reduced the hepatic expression of Bcl-2 and increased Bax, p53, and PDCD5 expressions. Naringin and NDNP also reduced expression of IQGAP1, IQGAP3, Ras signaling, and Ki-67 while increasing expression of IQGAP2. Notably, NDNP more effectively mitigated oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling than free naringin and demonstrated improved antitumor efficacy, suggesting that this nanoformulation improves bioavailability within nascent tumor sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman E. Mohamed
- Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef 2722165, Egypt
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef 2722165, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
| | - Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef 2722165, Egypt
| | - Khairy M. A. Zoheir
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Basem H. Elesawy
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Al Askary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hassaballa
- Nutrition and Food Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- ZeroHarm L.C., Farmington Hills, Farmington, MI 48333, USA
| | - Ahmed A. G. El-Shahawy
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 2722165, Egypt
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Ahmed OM, Elkomy MH, Fahim HI, Ashour MB, Naguib IA, Alghamdi BS, Mahmoud HUR, Ahmed NA. Rutin and Quercetin Counter Doxorubicin-Induced Liver Toxicity in Wistar Rats via Their Modulatory Effects on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Nrf2. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022; 2022:2710607. [PMID: 35936216 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2710607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The presented study was performed to verify whether rutin and/or quercetin can inhibit liver injury induced by doxorubicin (DXR) in male Wistar rats. In this study, male Wistar rats were treated via the oral route with rutin and quercetin (50 mg/kg) either alone or in combination every other day for five weeks concomitant with receiving intraperitoneal DXR (2 mg/kg) two times a week for five successive weeks. Quercetin, rutin, and their combination significantly improved the deteriorated serum AST, ALT, and ALP activities and total bilirubin level, as well as albumin, AFP, and CA 19.9 levels in DXR-injected rats. Treatments of the DXR-injected group with quercetin and rutin prevented the elevation in liver lipid peroxidation and the reduction in superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and glutathione content. Treatments with quercetin and rutin significantly repressed the elevated expression of liver p53 and TNF-α and enhanced Nrf2 expression. Furthermore, the treatments significantly reduced DXR-induced liver histological changes. In conclusion, rutin and quercetin either alone or in combination may have potential preventive effects against DXR-induced hepatotoxicity through inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis as well as modulating the Nrf2 expression.
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Meng T, Wang Q, Yang Y, Ren Y, Shi Y. Construction of a Necroptosis-Related miRNA Signature for Predicting the Prognosis of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:825261. [PMID: 35495130 PMCID: PMC9039163 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.825261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Many miRNAs have been demonstrated to be associated with the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, how to combine necroptosis-related miRNAs to achieve the best predictive effect in estimating HCC patient survival has not been explored. Methods: The mRNA and miRNA expression profile were downloaded from a public database (TCGA-LIHC cohort). Necroptosis-related genes were obtained from previous references, and necroptosis-related miRNAs were identified using Pearson analysis. Subsequently, differential expression miRNAs (DEms) were identified in HCC and paracancer normal samples based on necroptosis-related miRNA expression. The whole set with HCC was randomized into a training set and testing set (1:1). LASSO-Cox regression analysis was used to construct an miRNA signature. Multiple statistical methods were used to validate the clinical benefit of signature in HCC patients, including receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves, Kaplan–Meier survival analyses, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The downstream target genes of miRNAs were obtained from different online tools, and the potential pathways involved in miRNAs were explored. Finally, we conducted RT-qPCR in SK-HEP-1, THLE-3, and HUH-7 cell lines for miRNAs involved in the signature. Results: The results showed that a total of eight specific necroptosis-related miRNAs were screened between HCC and adjacent tissues in the training set. Subsequently, based on the aforementioned miRNAs, 5-miRNA signature (miR-139-5p, hsa-miR-326, miR-10b-5p, miR-500a-3p, and miR-592) was generated by LASSO-Cox regression analysis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk scores were independent prognostic indicators in each set. The area under curves (AUCs) of 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, and 7 years were high in each set (AUC >0.7). DCA analysis also revealed that the risk score had a potential benefit than other clinical characteristics. Meanwhile, survival analysis showed that the high-risk group showed low survival probabilities. Moreover, the results of enrichment analysis showed that specific miRNAs were mainly enriched in the cAMP signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. Finally, the results of RT-qPCR were consistent with the prediction results in public databases. Conclusion: Our study establishes a robust tool based on 5-necroptosis-related miRNAs for the prognostic management of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yufeng Yang
- *Correspondence: Yufeng Yang, ; Yanling Ren, ; Yan Shi,
| | - Yanling Ren
- *Correspondence: Yufeng Yang, ; Yanling Ren, ; Yan Shi,
| | - Yan Shi
- *Correspondence: Yufeng Yang, ; Yanling Ren, ; Yan Shi,
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Tawfik NG, Mohamed WR, Mahmoud HS, Alqarni MA, Naguib IA, Fahmy AM, Ahmed OM. Isatin Counteracts Diethylnitrosamine/2-Acetylaminofluorene-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Male Wistar Rats by Upregulating Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Detoxification Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:699. [PMID: 35453384 PMCID: PMC9027254 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents around 85% of all known types of liver cancers and is estimated to be the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The current study assessed the preventive efficacy of isatin on diethylnitrosamine (DENA)/2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male Wistar rats and investigated the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. HCC was initiated by intraperitoneal injection of DENA (150 mg/kg/week) for two weeks, followed by oral 2-AAF (20 mg/kg) every other day for three successive weeks. Oral isatin or vehicle (control) was administered at 25 mg/kg for 20 weeks during and following HCC induction. Isatin ameliorated the deleterious effects of DENA/2-AAF on liver function as evidenced by reduced serum levels of AST, ALT, total bilirubin, albumin, and liver tumor biomarkers (CA19.9 and AFP) compared to control DENA/2-AAF-treated rats. Histopathological evaluations demonstrated that isatin-mediated protection against hepatocarcinogenesis was accompanied by a decline in hepatic lipid peroxidation, a marker of oxidative stress, and enhanced antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by increased glutathione and superoxide dismutase expression. Isatin treatment also upregulated expression of the major stress-response transcription factor Nrf2 and the detoxifying enzymes NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase and glutathione-S-transferase alpha 2 and downregulated expression of the proliferation marker Ki67. Moreover, isatin significantly reduced the DENA/2-AAF-induced decrease in hepatic expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 and the DENA/2-AAF-induced increases in pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic factors (TNF-α, NF-κB p50, NF-κB p65, p53, and caspase 3). Thus, it can be concluded that isatin may protect against chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis by enhancing cellular antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification mechanisms, in part through upregulation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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