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Martins-Macedo J, Araújo B, Anjo SI, Silveira-Rosa T, Patrício P, Alves ND, Silva JM, Teixeira FG, Manadas B, Rodrigues AJ, Lepore AC, Salgado AJ, Gomes ED, Pinto L. Glial-restricted precursors stimulate endogenous cytogenesis and effectively recover emotional deficits in a model of cytogenesis ablation. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02490-z. [PMID: 38454085 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Adult cytogenesis, the continuous generation of newly-born neurons (neurogenesis) and glial cells (gliogenesis) throughout life, is highly impaired in several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), impacting negatively on cognitive and emotional domains. Despite playing a critical role in brain homeostasis, the importance of gliogenesis has been overlooked, both in healthy and diseased states. To examine the role of newly formed glia, we transplanted Glial Restricted Precursors (GRPs) into the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), or injected their secreted factors (secretome), into a previously validated transgenic GFAP-tk rat line, in which cytogenesis is transiently compromised. We explored the long-term effects of both treatments on physiological and behavioral outcomes. Grafted GRPs reversed anxiety-like deficits and demonstrated an antidepressant-like effect, while the secretome promoted recovery of only anxiety-like behavior. Furthermore, GRPs elicited a recovery of neurogenic and gliogenic levels in the ventral DG, highlighting the unique involvement of these cells in the regulation of brain cytogenesis. Both GRPs and their secretome induced significant alterations in the DG proteome, directly influencing proteins and pathways related to cytogenesis, regulation of neural plasticity and neuronal development. With this work, we demonstrate a valuable and specific contribution of glial progenitors to normalizing gliogenic levels, rescuing neurogenesis and, importantly, promoting recovery of emotional deficits characteristic of disorders such as MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Martins-Macedo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO), School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruna Araújo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO), School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra I Anjo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Silveira-Rosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Patrício
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Dinis Alves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana M Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fábio G Teixeira
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO), School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana J Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Angelo C Lepore
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Eduardo D Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO), School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Leontiadis LJ, Trompoukis G, Tsotsokou G, Miliou A, Felemegkas P, Papatheodoropoulos C. Rescue of sharp wave-ripples and prevention of network hyperexcitability in the ventral but not the dorsal hippocampus of a rat model of fragile X syndrome. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1296235. [PMID: 38107412 PMCID: PMC10722241 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1296235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability and is related to autism. FXS is caused by mutations of the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 gene (Fmr1) and is associated with alterations in neuronal network excitability in several brain areas including hippocampus. The loss of fragile X protein affects brain oscillations, however, the effects of FXS on hippocampal sharp wave-ripples (SWRs), an endogenous hippocampal pattern contributing to memory consolidation have not been sufficiently clarified. In addition, it is still not known whether dorsal and ventral hippocampus are similarly affected by FXS. We used a Fmr1 knock-out (KO) rat model of FXS and electrophysiological recordings from the CA1 area of adult rat hippocampal slices to assess spontaneous and evoked neural activity. We find that SWRs and associated multiunit activity are affected in the dorsal but not the ventral KO hippocampus, while complex spike bursts remain normal in both segments of the KO hippocampus. Local network excitability increases in the dorsal KO hippocampus. Furthermore, specifically in the ventral hippocampus of KO rats we found an increased effectiveness of inhibition in suppressing excitation and an upregulation of α1GABAA receptor subtype. These changes in the ventral KO hippocampus are accompanied by a striking reduction in its susceptibility to induced epileptiform activity. We propose that the neuronal network specifically in the ventral segment of the hippocampus is reorganized in adult Fmr1-KO rats by means of balanced changes between excitability and inhibition to ensure normal generation of SWRs and preventing at the same time derailment of the neural activity toward hyperexcitability.
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Schoenfeld TJ, Rhee D, Smith JA, Padmanaban V, Brockett AT, Jacobs HN, Cameron HA. Rewarded Maze Training Increases Approach Behavior in Rats Through Neurogenesis-Dependent Growth of Ventral Hippocampus-Prelimbic Circuits. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:725-733. [PMID: 37881563 PMCID: PMC10593943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Learning complex navigation routes increases hippocampal volume in humans, but it is not clear whether this growth impacts behaviors outside the learning situation or what cellular mechanisms are involved. Methods We trained rats with pharmacogenetic suppression of adult neurogenesis and littermate controls in 3 mazes over 3 weeks and tested novelty approach behavior several days after maze exposure. We then measured hippocampus and prelimbic cortex volumes using magnetic resonance imaging and assessed neuronal and astrocyte morphology. Finally, we investigated the activation and behavioral role of the ventral CA1 (vCA1)-to-prelimbic pathway using immediate-early genes and DREADDs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs). Results Maze training led to volume increase of both the vCA1 region of the hippocampus and the prelimbic region of the neocortex compared with rats that followed fixed paths. Growth was also apparent in individual neurons and astrocytes in these 2 regions, and behavioral testing showed increased novelty approach in maze-trained rats in 2 different tests. Suppressing adult neurogenesis prevented the effects on structure and approach behavior after maze training without affecting maze learning itself. The vCA1 neurons projecting to the prelimbic area were more activated by novelty in maze-trained animals, and suppression of this pathway decreased approach behavior. Conclusions Rewarded navigational learning experiences induce volumetric and morphologic growth in the vCA1 and prelimbic cortex and enhance activation of the circuit connecting these 2 regions. Both the structural and behavioral effects of maze training require ongoing adult neurogenesis, suggesting a role for new neurons in experience-driven increases in novelty exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Schoenfeld
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Psychological Science and Neuroscience, Belmont University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Diane Rhee
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jesse A. Smith
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Varun Padmanaban
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adam T. Brockett
- Department of Psychology and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Hannah N. Jacobs
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Heather A. Cameron
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Yagi S, Lieblich SE, Galea LAM. High estradiol reduces adult neurogenesis but strengthens functional connectivity within the hippocampus during spatial pattern separation in adult female rats. Horm Behav 2023; 155:105409. [PMID: 37567060 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus plays an important role for pattern separation, the process of separating similar inputs and forming distinct neural representations. Estradiol modulates neurogenesis and hippocampus function, but to date no examination of estradiol's effects on pattern separation have been conducted. Here, we examined estrogenic regulation of adult neurogenesis and functional connectivity in the hippocampus after the spatial pattern separation task in female rats. Ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats received daily injections of vehicle, 0.32 μg (Low) or 5 μg (High) of estradiol benzoate until the end of experiment. A single bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected one day after initiation of hormone or vehicle treatment and rats were tested in the delayed nonmatching to position spatial pattern separation task in the 8-arm radial maze for 12 days beginning two weeks after BrdU injection. Rats were perfused 90 min after the final trial and brain sections were immunohistochemically stained for BrdU/neuronal nuclei (NeuN) (new neurons), Ki67 (cell proliferation), and the immediate early gene, zif268 (activation). Results showed that high, but not low, estradiol reduced the density of BrdU/NeuN-ir cells and had significant inter-regional correlations of zif268-ir cell density in the hippocampus following pattern separation. Estradiol treatment did not influence pattern separation performance or strategy use. These results show that higher doses of estradiol can reduce neurogenesis but at the same time increases correlations of activity of neurons within the hippocampus during spatial pattern separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Yagi
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Liisa A M Galea
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Djavad Mowifaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Musaelyan K, Horowitz MA, McHugh S, Szele FG. Fluoxetine Can Cause Epileptogenesis and Aberrant Neurogenesis in Male Wild-Type Mice. Dev Neurosci 2023; 46:158-166. [PMID: 37302394 DOI: 10.1159/000531478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antidepressants in general, and fluoxetine in particular, increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in mice. Here we asked how the antidepressant fluoxetine affects behavior and AHN in a corticosterone model of depression. In three groups of adult male C57BL/6j mice, we administered either vehicle (VEH), corticosterone (CORT) treatment to induce a depression-like state, or corticosterone plus a standard dose of fluoxetine (CORT+FLX). Following treatment, mice performed the open field test, the novelty suppressed feeding (NSF) test, and the splash test. Neurogenesis was assessed by means of immunohistochemistry using BrdU and neuronal maturation markers. Unexpectedly, 42% of the CORT+FLX-treated mice exhibited severe weight loss, seizures, and sudden death. As expected, the CORT-treated group had altered behaviors compared to the VEH group, but the CORT+FLX mice that survived did not show any behavioral improvement compared to the CORT group. Antidepressants generally increase neurogenesis and here we also found that compared to CORT mice, CORT+FLX mice that survived had a significantly greater density of BrdU+, BrdU+DCX+, and BrdU+NeuN+ cells, suggesting increased neurogenesis. Moreover, the density of BrdU+NeuN+ cells was increased in an aberrant location, the hilus, of CORT+FLX mice, similar to previous studies describing aberrant neurogenesis following seizures. In conclusion, fluoxetine could induce considerable adverse effects in wild-type mice, including seizure-like activity. Fluoxetine-induced neurogenesis increases could be related to this activity; therefore, proneurogenic effects of fluoxetine and other antidepressants, especially in the absence of any behavioral therapeutic effects, should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Musaelyan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark A Horowitz
- Research and Development Department, North East London NHS Foundation Trust, Ilford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen McHugh
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francis G Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Fung CCA, Fukai T. Competition on presynaptic resources enhances the discrimination of interfering memories. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad161. [PMID: 37275260 PMCID: PMC10235910 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that hippocampal adult neurogenesis is critical for discriminating considerably interfering memories. During adult neurogenesis, synaptic competition modifies the weights of synaptic connections nonlocally across neurons, thus providing a different form of unsupervised learning from Hebb's local plasticity rule. However, how synaptic competition achieves separating similar memories largely remains unknown. Here, we aim to link synaptic competition with such pattern separation. In synaptic competition, adult-born neurons are integrated into the existing neuronal pool by competing with mature neurons for synaptic connections from the entorhinal cortex. We show that synaptic competition and neuronal maturation play distinct roles in separating interfering memory patterns. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a feedforward neural network trained by a competition-based learning rule can outperform a multilayer perceptron trained by the backpropagation algorithm when only a small number of samples are available. Our results unveil the functional implications and potential applications of synaptic competition in neural computation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoki Fukai
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: (C.C.A. Fung); (T. Fukai)
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Pinto L, Macedo J, Araújo B, Anjo S, Silveira-Rosa T, Patrício P, Teixeira F, Manadas B, Rodrigues AJ, Lepore A, Salgado A, Gomes E. Glial-Restricted Precursors stimulate endogenous cytogenesis and effectively recover emotional deficits in a model of cytogenesis ablation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2747462. [PMID: 37034743 PMCID: PMC10081440 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2747462/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Adult cytogenesis, the continuous generation of newly-born neurons (neurogenesis) and glial cells (gliogenesis) throughout life, is highly impaired in several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), impacting negatively on cognitive and emotional domains. Despite playing a critical role in brain homeostasis, the importance of gliogenesis has been overlooked, both in healthy and diseased states. To examine the role of newly formed glia, we transplanted Glial Restricted Precursors (GRPs) into the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), or injected their secreted factors (secretome), into a previously validated transgenic GFAP-tk rat line, in which cytogenesis is transiently compromised. We explored the long-term effects of both treatments on physiological and behavioral outcomes. Grafted GRPs reversed anxiety-like and depressive-like deficits, while the secretome promoted recovery of only anxiety-like behavior. Furthermore, GRPs elicited a recovery of neurogenic and gliogenic levels in the ventral DG, highlighting the unique involvement of these cells in the regulation of brain cytogenesis. Both GRPs and their secretome induced significant alterations in the DG proteome, directly influencing proteins and pathways related to cytogenesis, regulation of neural plasticity and neuronal development. With this work, we demonstrate a valuable and specific contribution of glial progenitors to normalizing gliogenic levels, rescueing neurogenesis and, importantly, promoting recovery of emotional deficits characteristic of disorders such as MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sandra Anjo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra
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Sun D, Mei L, Xiong WC. Dorsal Dentate Gyrus, a Key Regulator for Mood and Psychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2023:S0006-3223(23)00009-4. [PMID: 36894487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus, a "gate" that controls the flow of information into the hippocampus, is critical for learning, memory, spatial navigation, and mood regulation. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that deficits in dentate granule cells (DGCs) (e.g., loss of DGCs or genetic mutations in DGCs) contribute to the development of various psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety disorders. Whereas ventral DGCs are believed to be critical for mood regulation, the functions of dorsal DGCs in this regard remain elusive. Here, we review the role of DGCs, in particular the dorsal DGCs, in the regulation of mood, their functional relationships with DGC development, and the contributions of dysfunctional DGCs to mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Aberrant ventral dentate gyrus structure and function in trauma susceptible mice. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:502. [PMID: 36473832 PMCID: PMC9723770 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder vulnerable individuals can develop following a traumatic event, whereas others are resilient. Enhanced insight into the mechanistic underpinnings contributing to these inter-individual differences in trauma susceptibility is key to improved treatment and prevention. Aberrant function of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) may contribute to its psychopathology, with the dorsal DG potentially encoding trauma memory generalization and the ventral DG anxiety. Using a mouse model, we hypothesized that susceptibility to develop PTSD-like symptoms following trauma will be underpinned by aberrant DG structure and function. Mice were exposed to a traumatic event (unpredictable, inescapable foot shocks) and tested for PTSD-like symptomatology following recovery. In four independent experiments, DG neuronal morphology, synaptic protein gene and protein expression, and neuronal activity during trauma encoding and recall were assessed. Behaviorally, trauma-susceptible animals displayed increased anxiety-like behavior already prior to trauma, increased novelty-induced freezing, but no clear differences in remote trauma memory recall. Comparison of the ventral DG of trauma susceptible vs resilient mice revealed lower spine density, reduced expression of the postsynaptic protein homer1b/c gene and protein, a larger population of neurons active during trauma encoding, and a greater presence of somatostatin neurons. In contrast, the dorsal DG of trauma-susceptible animals did not differ in terms of spine density or gene expression but displayed more active neurons during trauma encoding and a lower amount of somatostatin neurons. Collectively, we here report on specific structural and functional changes in the ventral DG in trauma susceptible male mice.
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Forro T, Volitaki E, Malagon-Vina H, Klausberger T, Nevian T, Ciocchi S. Anxiety-related activity of ventral hippocampal interneurons. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 219:102368. [PMID: 36273721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is an aversive mood reflecting the anticipation of potential threats. The ventral hippocampus (vH) is a key brain region involved in the genesis of anxiety responses. Recent studies have shown that anxiety is mediated by the activation of vH pyramidal neurons targeting various limbic structures. Throughout the cortex, the activity of pyramidal neurons is controlled by GABA-releasing inhibitory interneurons and the GABAergic system represents an important target of anxiolytic drugs. However, how the activity of vH inhibitory interneurons is related to different anxiety behaviours has not been investigated so far. Here, we integrated in vivo electrophysiology with behavioural phenotyping of distinct anxiety exploration behaviours in rats. We showed that pyramidal neurons and interneurons of the vH are selectively active when animals explore specific compartments of the elevated-plus-maze (EPM), an anxiety task for rodents. Moreover, rats with prior goal-related experience exhibited low-anxiety exploratory behaviour and showed a larger trajectory-related activity of vH interneurons during EPM exploration compared to high anxiety rats. Finally, in low anxiety rats, trajectory-related vH interneurons exhibited opposite activity to pyramidal neurons specifically in the open arms (i.e. more anxiogenic) of the EPM. Our results suggest that vH inhibitory micro-circuits could act as critical elements underlying different anxiety states.
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11
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Yagi S, Lee A, Truter N, Galea LAM. Sex differences in contextual pattern separation, neurogenesis, and functional connectivity within the limbic system. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:42. [PMID: 35870952 PMCID: PMC9308289 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Females are more likely to present with anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to males, which are associated with disrupted hippocampal integrity. Sex differences in the structure and function of hippocampus exist. Here, we examined sex differences in contextual pattern separation, functional connectivity, and activation of new neurons during fear memory. Methods Two-month-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with the DNA synthesis markers, iododeoxyuridine (IdU) and chlorodeoxyuridine (CldU) 3 weeks and 4 weeks before perfusion, respectively. One week after CldU injection, the rats underwent a context discrimination task in which rats were placed in context A (shock) and context A’ (no shock) every day for 12 days. On the test day, rats were placed in the shock context (context A) to measure fear memory and expression of zif268, an immediate early gene across 16 different limbic and reward regions. Repeated-measures or factorial analysis of variance was conducted on our variables of interest. Pearson product-moment calculations and principal component analyses on zif268 expression across regions were also performed. Results We found that females, but not males, showed contextual discrimination during the last days of training. On the test day, both sexes displayed similar levels of freezing, indicating equivalent fear memory for context A. Despite similar fear memory, males showed more positive correlations of zif268 activation between the limbic regions and the striatum, whereas females showed more negative correlations among these regions. Females showed greater activation of the frontal cortex, dorsal CA1, and 3-week-old adult-born dentate granular cells compared to males. Conclusions These results highlight the importance of studying sex differences in fear memory and the contribution of adult neurogenesis to the neuronal network and may contribute to differences in susceptibility to fear-related disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder. HighlightsFemale rats, but not male rats, show faster discrimination during a contextual pattern separation task. Three-week-old adult-born neurons are more active in response to fear memory in females compared to males. Females had greater neural activation compared to males in the frontal cortex and dorsal CA1 region of the hippocampus in response to fear memory. Males and females show distinct patterns in functional connectivity for fear memory across limbic regions. Males have many positive correlations between activated new neurons of different ages between the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, while females show more correlations between activated new neurons and other limbic regions.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13293-022-00450-2.
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Sánchez-Huerta K, Saldaña-Salinas RD, Bustamante-Nieves PE, Jiménez A, Corzo-Cruz A, Martínez-Vargas M, Guevara-Guzmán R, Velasco I, Estudillo E. Sucrose Consumption during Late Adolescence Impairs Adult Neurogenesis of the Ventral Dentate Gyrus without Inducing an Anxiety-like Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214176. [PMID: 36430654 PMCID: PMC9695980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucrose consumption impairs behavioral and cognitive functions that correlate with decreased neurogenesis in animal models. When consumed during early adolescence, this disaccharide promotes anxious and depressive behaviors, along with a reduction in the generation of new neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Data concerning sucrose consumption during late adolescence are lacking, and the effect of sucrose intake on the ventral dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (which modulates anxiety and depression) remains elusive. Here, we tested whether sucrose intake during late adolescence causes anxiety or impaired neurogenesis in the ventral dentate gyrus. Rats did not display anxiety-like behaviors neither at the light−dark box test nor at the open field exploration. However, there was a significant increase in proliferative cells in the subgranular zone of the ventral dentate gyrus in rats exposed to sucrose (p < 0.05). This increased proliferation corresponded to neural stem cells (Radial Type 1 cells) in the group exposed to sucrose until adulthood but was not present in rats exposed to sucrose only during late adolescence. Remarkably, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 kinases was increased in the hippocampi of rats exposed to sucrose only during late adolescence, suggesting that the increased proliferation in this group could be mediated by the MAPK pathway. On the other hand, although no differences were found in the number of immature granular neurons, we observed more immature granular neurons with impaired dendritic orientation in both groups exposed to sucrose. Finally, GAD65/67 and BCL2 levels did not change between groups, suggesting an unaltered hippocampal GABAergic system and similar apoptosis, respectively. This information provides the first piece of evidence of how sucrose intake, starting in late adolescence, impacts ventral dentate gyrus neurogenesis and contributes to a better understanding of the effects of this carbohydrate on the brain at postnatal stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Sánchez-Huerta
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur 3700, Letra C, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico
- Correspondence: (K.S.-H.); (E.E.); Tel.: +52-5510840900 (ext. 1441) (K.S.-H.); +52-5556063822 (ext. 2120) (E.E.)
| | - Rosaura Debbie Saldaña-Salinas
- Laboratorio de Fisiología, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Batalla de Celaya 202, Lomas de Sotelo, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11200, Mexico
| | - Pablo Edson Bustamante-Nieves
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
| | - Adriana Jiménez
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Corzo-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Batalla de Celaya 202, Lomas de Sotelo, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11200, Mexico
- Laboratorio Traslacional, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Batalla de Celaya 202, Lomas de Sotelo, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11200, Mexico
| | - Marina Martínez-Vargas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Rosalinda Guevara-Guzmán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Iván Velasco
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Enrique Estudillo
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
- Correspondence: (K.S.-H.); (E.E.); Tel.: +52-5510840900 (ext. 1441) (K.S.-H.); +52-5556063822 (ext. 2120) (E.E.)
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13
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Bialek K, Czarny P, Wigner P, Synowiec E, Kolodziej L, Bijak M, Szemraj J, Papp M, Sliwinski T. Agomelatine Changed the Expression and Methylation Status of Inflammatory Genes in Blood and Brain Structures of Male Wistar Rats after Chronic Mild Stress Procedure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168983. [PMID: 36012250 PMCID: PMC9409183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The preclinical research conducted so far suggest that depression development may be influenced by the inflammatory pathways both at the periphery and within the central nervous system. Furthermore, inflammation is considered to be strongly connected with antidepressant treatment resistance. Thus, this study explores whether the chronic mild stress (CMS) procedure and agomelatine treatment induce changes in TGFA, TGFB, IRF1, PTGS2 and IKBKB expression and methylation status in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in the brain structures of rats. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to the CMS and further divided into matched subgroups to receive vehicle or agomelatine. TaqMan gene expression assay and methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) were used to evaluate the expression of the genes and the methylation status of their promoters, respectively. Our findings confirm that both CMS and antidepressant agomelatine treatment influenced the expression level and methylation status of the promoter region of investigated genes in PBMCs and the brain. What is more, the present study showed that response to either stress stimuli or agomelatine differed between brain structures. Concluding, our results indicate that TGFA, TGFB, PTGS2, IRF1 and IKBKB could be associated with depression and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bialek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Wigner
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kolodziej
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Papp
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-635-44-86; Fax: +48-42-635-44-84
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14
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Kholghi G, Eskandari M, Shokouhi Qare Saadlou MS, Zarrindast MR, Vaseghi S. Night shift hormone: How does melatonin affect depression? Physiol Behav 2022; 252:113835. [PMID: 35504318 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is the main hormone secreted by the pineal gland that modulates the circadian rhythm and mood. Previous studies have shown the therapeutic effects of melatonin, or its important analogue, agomelatine, on depression. In this review study, we aimed to discuss the potential mechanisms of melatonin involved in the treatment of depression. It was noted that disrupted circadian rhythm can lead to depressive state, and melatonin via regulating circadian rhythm shows a therapeutic effect. It was also noted that melatonin induces antidepressant effects via promoting antioxidant system and neurogenesis, and suppressing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. The interaction effect between melatonin or agomelatine and serotonergic signaling has a significant effect on depression. It was noted that the psychotropic effects of agomelatine are induced by the synergistic interaction between melatonin and 5-HT2C receptors. Agomelatine also interacts with glutamatergic signaling in brain regions involved in regulating mood and circadian rhythm. Interestingly, it was concluded that melatonin exerts both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, depending on the grade of inflammation. It was suggested that synergistic interaction between melatonin and 5-HT2C receptors may be able to induce therapeutic effects on other psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, dualistic role of melatonin in regulating inflammation is an important point that can be examined at different levels of inflammation in animal models of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Kholghi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Maliheh Eskandari
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
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15
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Abdelmissih S, Sayed WM, Rashed LA, Kamel MM, Eshra MA, Attallah MI, El-Naggar RAR. The extent of involvement of ouabain, hippocampal expression of Na+/K+-ATPase, and corticosterone/melatonin receptors ratio in modifying stress-induced behavior differs according to the stressor in context. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e11938. [PMID: 35857994 PMCID: PMC9296128 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e11938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of two types of stressors,
regarding the extent of involvement of ouabain (OUA), hippocampal
sodium/potassium ATPase (NKA) expression, and the hippocampal
corticosterone receptors (CR)/melatonin receptors
(MR) expression ratio, on the behavioral and cardiovascular
responses and on the hippocampal cornu ammonis zone 3 (CA3) and dentate gyrus
(DG). Thirty adult male Wistar albino rats aged 7-8 months were exposed to
either chronic immobilization or a disturbed dark/light cycle and treated with
either ouabain or vehicle. In the immobilized group, in the absence of
hippocampal corticosterone (CORT) changes, rats were non-responsive to stress,
despite experiencing increased pulse rate, downregulated hippocampal
sodium/potassium pump, and enhanced hippocampal CR/MR
expression ratio. Prolonged darkness precipitated a reduced upright attack
posture, with elevated CORT against hippocampal MR
downregulation. Both immobilization and, to a lesser extent, prolonged darkness
stress resulted in histopathological and ultrastructural neurodegenerative
changes in the hippocampus. OUA administration did not change the behavioral
resilience in restrained rats, despite persistence of the underlying biochemical
derangements, added to decreased CORT. On the contrary, with exposure to short
photoperiods, OUA reverted the behavior towards a combative reduction of
inactivity, with unvaried CR/MR and CORT, while ameliorating
hippocampal neuro-regeneration, with co-existing NKA and
MR repressions. Therefore, the extent of OUA, hippocampal
NKA expression, and CR/MR expression, and
subsequent behavioral and cardiac responses and hippocampal histopathology,
differ according to the type of stressor, whether immobilization or prolonged
darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abdelmissih
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - W M Sayed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - L A Rashed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M M Kamel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - M A Eshra
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M I Attallah
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R A-R El-Naggar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
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16
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Lan T, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Li S, Zhu Z, Wang L, Mao X, Li Y, Fan C, Wang W, Yu SY. Agomelatine rescues lipopolysaccharide-induced neural injury and depression-like behaviors via suppression of the Gαi-2-PKA-ASK1 signaling pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:117. [PMID: 35610704 PMCID: PMC9131561 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agomelatine has been shown to be effective in the treatment of depression, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effects have yet to be elucidated. Identification of these molecular mechanisms would not only offer new insights into the basis for depression but also provide the foundation for the development of novel treatments for this disorder. METHODS Intraperitoneal injection of LPS was used to induce depression-like behaviors in rats. The interactions of the 5-HT2C reporter and Gαi-2 were verified by immunoprecipitation or immunofluorescence assay. Inflammatory related proteins, autophagy related proteins and apoptosis markers were verified by immunoblotting or immunofluorescence assay. Finally, electron microscopy analysis was used to observe the synapse and ultrastructural pathology. RESULTS Here, we found that the capacity for agomelatine to ameliorate depression and anxiety in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat model of depression was associated with an alleviation of neuroinflammation, abnormal autophagy and neuronal apoptosis as well as the promotion of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region of these rats. We also found that the 5-HT2C receptor is coupled with G alphai (2) (Gαi-2) protein within hippocampal neurons and, agomelatine, acting as a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, can up-regulate activity of the Gαi-2-cAMP-PKA pathway. Such events then suppress activation of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) pathway, a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family involved in pathological processes of many diseases. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that agomelatine plays a neuroprotective role in regulating neuroinflammation, autophagy disorder and apoptosis in this LPS-induced rat model of depression, effects which are associated with the display of antidepressant behaviors. These findings provide evidence for some of the potential mechanisms for the antidepressant effects of agomelatine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulei Zhang
- Jinan International Travel Healthcare Center, Wenhuadonglu Road 62#, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhan Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanpeng Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Morphological Experimental Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Mao
- Department of Psychology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiqin Fan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Yan Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Rosa ER, Jesús ME, Gloria BK. Behavioral and Fluorescent-Based Immunohistochemistry Protocols for Examining Antidepressant-Like Effects of Melatonin in Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2550:463-476. [PMID: 36180714 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2593-4_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants are characterized by their ability to decrease despair behavior assessed in mice as a decrease in immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST) (antidepressant-like behavior). This behavioral parameter is associated with increased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of the rodents summitted to this test. Herein, we describe an optimized protocol used to characterize the melatonin antidepressant-like effect associated with its pro-neurogenic activity after an acute and a triple administration to mice measured by the FST and fluorescence-based immunohistochemistry in brain tissue, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrada-Reyes Rosa
- Laboratorio de Fitofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Muñoz Estrada Jesús
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Benítez-King Gloria
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico.
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18
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Won E, Na KS, Kim YK. Associations between Melatonin, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Alterations in Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010305. [PMID: 35008730 PMCID: PMC8745430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory systemic conditions that can cause neuroinflammation and subsequent alterations in brain regions involved in emotional regulation have been suggested as an underlying mechanism for the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). A prominent feature of MDD is disruption of circadian rhythms, of which melatonin is considered a key moderator, and alterations in the melatonin system have been implicated in MDD. Melatonin is involved in immune system regulation and has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties in inflammatory conditions, through both immunological and non-immunological actions. Melatonin has been suggested as a highly cytoprotective and neuroprotective substance and shown to stimulate all stages of neuroplasticity in animal models. The ability of melatonin to suppress inflammatory responses through immunological and non-immunological actions, thus influencing neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity, along with subsequent alterations in brain regions that are implicated in depression, can be demonstrated by the antidepressant-like effects of melatonin. Further studies that investigate the associations between melatonin, immune markers, and alterations in the brain structure and function in patients with depression could identify potential MDD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsoo Won
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaum, Seoul 06062, Korea;
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sae Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15355, Korea
- Correspondence:
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19
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Naveed M, Li LD, Sheng G, Du ZW, Zhou YP, Nan S, Zhu MY, Zhang J, Zhou QG. Agomelatine: An astounding sui-generis antidepressant? Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:943-961. [PMID: 34886787 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666211209142546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the foremost causes of disability and premature death worldwide. Although the available antidepressants are effective and well tolerated, they also have many limitations. Therapeutic advances in developing a new drug's ultimate relation between MDD and chronobiology, which targets the circadian rhythm, have led to a renewed focus on psychiatric disorders. In order to provide a critical analysis about antidepressant properties of agomelatine, a detailed PubMed (Medline), Scopus (Embase), Web of Science (Web of Knowledge), Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and PsycInfo search was performed using the following keywords: melatonin analog, agomelatine, safety, efficacy, adverse effects, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, circadian rhythm, sleep disorders, neuroplasticity, MDD, bipolar disorder, anhedonia, anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and mood disorders. Agomelatine is a unique melatonin analog with antidepressant properties and a large therapeutic index that improves clinical safety. It is a melatonin receptor agonist (MT1 and MT2) and a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. The effects on melatonin receptors enable the resynchronization of irregular circadian rhythms with beneficial effects on sleep architectures. In this way, agomelatine is accredited for its unique mode of action, which helps to exert antidepressant effects and resynchronize the sleep-wake cycle. To sum up, an agomelatine has not only antidepressant properties but also has anxiolytic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Lian-Di Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Gang Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Zi-Wei Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Sun Nan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Ming-Yi Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Qi-Gang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
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20
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Mateus-Pinheiro A, Patrício P, Alves ND, Martins-Macedo J, Caetano I, Silveira-Rosa T, Araújo B, Mateus-Pinheiro M, Silva-Correia J, Sardinha VM, Loureiro-Campos E, Rodrigues AJ, Oliveira JF, Bessa JM, Sousa N, Pinto L. Hippocampal cytogenesis abrogation impairs inter-regional communication between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex and promotes the time-dependent manifestation of emotional and cognitive deficits. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7154-7166. [PMID: 34521994 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Impaired ability to generate new cells in the adult brain has been linked to deficits in multiple emotional and cognitive behavioral domains. However, the mechanisms by which abrogation of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) impacts on brain function remains controversial. We used a transgenic rat line, the GFAP-Tk, to selectively eliminate NSCs and assess repercussions on different behavioral domains. To assess the functional importance of newborn cells in specific developmental stages, two parallel experimental timeframes were adopted: a short- and a long-term timeline, 1 and 4 weeks after the abrogation protocol, respectively. We conducted in vivo electrophysiology to assess the effects of cytogenesis abrogation on the functional properties of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, and on their intercommunication. Adult brain cytogenesis abrogation promoted a time-specific installation of behavioral deficits. While the lack of newborn immature hippocampal neuronal and glial cells elicited a behavioral phenotype restricted to hyperanxiety and cognitive rigidity, specific abrogation of mature new neuronal and glial cells promoted the long-term manifestation of a more complex behavioral profile encompassing alterations in anxiety and hedonic behaviors, along with deficits in multiple cognitive modalities. More so, abrogation of 4 to 7-week-old cells resulted in impaired electrophysiological synchrony of neural theta oscillations between the dorsal hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex, which are likely to contribute to the described long-term cognitive alterations. Hence, this work provides insight on how newborn neurons and astrocytes display different functional roles throughout different maturation stages, and establishes common ground to reconcile contrasting results that have marked this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Mateus-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.,Department of Internal Medicine, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Patrício
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Dinis Alves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Joana Martins-Macedo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Inês Caetano
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago Silveira-Rosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruna Araújo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Miguel Mateus-Pinheiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva-Correia
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Morais Sardinha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Loureiro-Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana João Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Filipe Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.,DIGARC, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Barcelos, Portugal
| | - João M Bessa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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21
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Atanasova D, Lazarov N, Stoyanov DS, Spassov RH, Tonchev AB, Tchekalarova J. Reduced neuroinflammation and enhanced neurogenesis following chronic agomelatine treatment in rats undergoing chronic constant light. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108706. [PMID: 34274352 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies have revealed the involvement of neuroinflammation mediated by activated microglia in the pathophysiology of depression, suggesting a novel target for treatment. The atypical antidepressant Agomelatine (Ago) has an advantage compared to the classical antidepressants due to its chronobiotic activity and unique pharmacological profile as a selective agonist at the melatonin receptors and an antagonist at the 5HT2C receptors. We have recently revealed that Ago can exert a potent antidepressant effect in rats exposed to a chronic constant light (CCL). In the present study, we hypothesized that the anti-inflammatory activity of this melatonin analog on activated neuroglia in specific brain structures might contribute to its antidepressant effect in this model. Chronic Ago treatment (40 mg/kg, i.p. for 21 days) was executed during the last 3 weeks of a 6-week period of CCL exposure in rats. The CCL-vehicle-treated rats showed a profound neuroinflammation characterized by microgliosis and astrogliosis in the hippocampus, basolateral amygdala (BL) and partly in the piriform cortex (Pir) confirmed by immunohistochemistry. With the exception of the Pir, the CCL regime was accompanied by neuronal damage, identified by Nissl staining, in the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala and impaired neurogenesis with reduced dendritic complexity of hippocampal neuroprogenitor cells detected by doublecortin-positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) subgranular zone compared to the control group. Ago reversed the gliosis in a region-specific manner and partially restored the suppressed DG neurogenesis. Ago failed to produce neuroprotection in CCL exposed rats. The present results suggest that the beneficial effects of Ago represent an important mechanism underlying its antidepressant effect in models characterized by impaired circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrinka Atanasova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 6003, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolai Lazarov
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimo S Stoyanov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Varna "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Radoslav H Spassov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Varna "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Anton B Tonchev
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Varna "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", 9002, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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22
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Rizzolo L, Leger M, Corvaisier S, Groussard M, Platel H, Bouet V, Schumann-Bard P, Freret T. Long-Term Music Exposure Prevents Age-Related Cognitive Deficits in Rats Independently of Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:620-634. [PMID: 32959057 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline appears across aging. While some studies report beneficial effects of musical listening and practice on cognitive aging, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain unknown. This study aims to determine whether chronic (6 h/day, 3 times/week) and long-lasting (4-8 months) music exposure, initiated at middle age in rats (15 months old), can influence behavioral parameters sensitive to age effects and reduce age-related spatial memory decline in rats. Spontaneous locomotor, circadian rhythmic activity, and anxiety-like behavior as well as spatial working and reference memory were assessed in 14-month-old rats and then after 4 and 8 months of music exposure (19 and 23 months old, respectively). Spatial learning and reference memory data were followed up by considering cognitive status of animals prior to music exposure (14 months old) given by K-means clustering of individual Z-score. Hippocampal cell proliferation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level in the hippocampus and frontal cortex were measured. Results show that music exposure differentially rescues age-related deficits in spatial navigation tasks according to its duration without affecting spontaneous locomotor, circadian rhythmic activity, and anxiety-like behavior. Hippocampal cell proliferation as well as hippocampal and frontal cortex BDNF levels was not affected by music across aging. Cognitive improvement by music in aging rats may require distinct neurobiological mechanisms than hippocampal cell proliferation and BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Rizzolo
- Normandie University, Unicaen, INSERM, COMETE, CHU de Caen, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Marianne Leger
- Normandie University, Unicaen, INSERM, COMETE, CHU de Caen, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Sophie Corvaisier
- Normandie University, Unicaen, INSERM, COMETE, CHU de Caen, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Mathilde Groussard
- Normandie University, Unicaen, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM U1077, CHU de Caen, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
- PSL Research University, EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Platel
- Normandie University, Unicaen, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM U1077, CHU de Caen, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
- PSL Research University, EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Valentine Bouet
- Normandie University, Unicaen, INSERM, COMETE, CHU de Caen, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Pascale Schumann-Bard
- Normandie University, Unicaen, INSERM, COMETE, CHU de Caen, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Thomas Freret
- Normandie University, Unicaen, INSERM, COMETE, CHU de Caen, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
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23
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Athira KV, Bandopadhyay S, Samudrala PK, Naidu VGM, Lahkar M, Chakravarty S. An Overview of the Heterogeneity of Major Depressive Disorder: Current Knowledge and Future Prospective. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:168-187. [PMID: 31573890 PMCID: PMC7327947 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191001142934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is estimated to impose maximum debilitating effects on the society by 2030, with its critical effects on health, functioning, quality of life and concomitant high levels of morbidity and mortality. Yet, the disease is inadequately understood, diagnosed and treated. Moreover, with the recent drastic rise in the pace of life, stress has materialized as one of the most potent environmental factors for depression. In this scenario, it is important to understand the modern pathogenetic hypotheses and mechanisms, and possibly try to shift from the traditional approaches in depression therapy. These include the elaboration of pathophysiological changes in heterogeneous systems such as genetic, epigenetic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamatergic and endocannabinoid systems, neurotrophic factors, HPA axis, immune system as well as cellular stress mechanisms. These components interact with each other in a complex matrix and further elucidation of their mechanism and cascade pathways are needed. This might aid in the identification of MDD subtypes as well as the development of sophisticated biomarkers. Further, characterization might also aid in developing multitargeted therapies that hold much promise as compared to the conventional monoamine based treatment. New candidate pharmacons, refined psychotherapeutic modalities, advanced neuro-surgical and imaging techniques as well as the implementation of pharmacokinetic, pharmacogenetic prescribing guidelines constitute the emerging expanses of MDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaipuzha Venu Athira
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, 781125, Assam, India.,Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Sikta Bandopadhyay
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Samudrala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, 781125, Assam, India
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, 781125, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, 781032, Assam, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
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24
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Jurkowski MP, Bettio L, K Woo E, Patten A, Yau SY, Gil-Mohapel J. Beyond the Hippocampus and the SVZ: Adult Neurogenesis Throughout the Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:576444. [PMID: 33132848 PMCID: PMC7550688 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.576444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Convincing evidence has repeatedly shown that new neurons are produced in the mammalian brain into adulthood. Adult neurogenesis has been best described in the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ), in which a series of distinct stages of neuronal development has been well characterized. However, more recently, new neurons have also been found in other brain regions of the adult mammalian brain, including the hypothalamus, striatum, substantia nigra, cortex, and amygdala. While some studies have suggested that these new neurons originate from endogenous stem cell pools located within these brain regions, others have shown the migration of neurons from the SVZ to these regions. Notably, it has been shown that the generation of new neurons in these brain regions is impacted by neurologic processes such as stroke/ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, numerous factors such as neurotrophic support, pharmacologic interventions, environmental exposures, and stem cell therapy can modulate this endogenous process. While the presence and significance of adult neurogenesis in the human brain (and particularly outside of the classical neurogenic regions) is still an area of debate, this intrinsic neurogenic potential and its possible regulation through therapeutic measures present an exciting alternative for the treatment of several neurologic conditions. This review summarizes evidence in support of the classic and novel neurogenic zones present within the mammalian brain and discusses the functional significance of these new neurons as well as the factors that regulate their production. Finally, it also discusses the potential clinical applications of promoting neurogenesis outside of the classical neurogenic niches, particularly in the hypothalamus, cortex, striatum, substantia nigra, and amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal P Jurkowski
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Luis Bettio
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Emma K Woo
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna Patten
- Centre for Interprofessional Clinical Simulation Learning (CICSL), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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25
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Sonmez AI, Almorsy A, Ramsey LB, Strawn JR, Croarkin PE. Novel pharmacological treatments for generalized anxiety disorder: Pediatric considerations. Depress Anxiety 2020; 37:747-759. [PMID: 32419335 PMCID: PMC7584375 DOI: 10.1002/da.23038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are common, impairing, and often undertreated. Moreover, many youth do not respond to standard, evidence-based psychosocial or psychopharmacologic treatment. An increased understanding of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate neurotransmitter systems has created opportunities for novel intervention development for pediatric GAD. METHODS This narrative review examines potential candidates for pediatric GAD: eszopiclone, riluzole, eglumegad (LY354740), pimavanserin, agomelatine. RESULTS The pharmacology, preclinical data, clinical trial findings and known side effects of eszopiclone, riluzole, eglumegad (LY354740), pimavanserin, agomelatine, are reviewed, particularly with regard to their potential therapeutic relevance to pediatric GAD. CONCLUSION Notwithstanding numerous challenges, some of these agents represent potential candidate drugs for pediatric GAD. Further treatment development studies of agomelatine, eszopiclone, pimavanserin and riluzole for pediatric GAD also have the prospect of informing the understanding of GABAergic and glutamatergic function across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Irem Sonmez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ammar Almorsy
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laura B. Ramsey
- Division of Research in Patient Services and Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Strawn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul E. Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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26
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Sex Differences in Maturation and Attrition of Adult Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0468-19.2020. [PMID: 32586842 PMCID: PMC7369314 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0468-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences exist in the regulation of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus in response to hormones and cognitive training. Here, we investigated the trajectory and maturation rate of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) of male and female rats. Sprague Dawley rats were perfused 2 h, 24 h, one week (1w), 2w, or 3w after bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) injection, a DNA synthesis marker that labels dividing progenitor cells and their progeny. Adult-born neurons (BrdU/NeuN-ir) matured faster in males compared with females. Males had a greater density of neural stem cells (Sox2-ir) in the dorsal, but not in the ventral, DG and had higher levels of cell proliferation (Ki67-ir) than non-proestrous females. However, males showed a greater reduction in neurogenesis between 1week and 2weeks after mitosis, whereas females showed similar levels of neurogenesis throughout the weeks. The faster maturation and greater attrition of new neurons in males compared with females suggests greater potential for neurogenesis to respond to external stimuli in males and emphasizes the importance of studying sex on adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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27
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Konstantakopoulos G, Dimitrakopoulos S, Michalopoulou PG. The preclinical discovery and development of agomelatine for the treatment of depression. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1121-1132. [PMID: 32568567 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1781087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Under the treatment of commonly used antidepressants, many patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not achieve remission. All previous first-line treatments for depression have focused on the enhancement of monoaminergic activity. Agomelatine was the first antidepressant with a mechanism of action extending beyond monoaminergic neurotransmission. AREAS COVERED The aim of this case history is to describe the discovery strategy and development of agomelatine. The pharmacodynamic profile of the drug is briefly presented. The article summarizes (a) the preclinical behavioral data on agomelatine's effects on depressive-like behavior, anxiety, and circadian rhythmicity disruptions, and (b) the results of early preclinical studies on safety, efficacy in MDD, and the risk-benefit pharmacological profile. Furthermore, the article examines findings of post-marketing research on safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of the drug. EXPERT OPINION There is now evidence supporting the clinical efficacy and safety profile of agomelatine in the acute-phase treatment of MDD. Agomelatine may be more effective in specific subgroups of MDD patients, those with severe anxiety symptoms or disturbed circadian profiles. Its antidepressant and anxiolytic activities are due to synergy between its melatonergic and 5-hydroxytryptaminergic effects. Since its discovery, novel compounds acting on the melatonergic system have been under investigation for the treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Konstantakopoulos
- First Department of Psychiatry, University of Athens , Athens, Greece.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London , London, UK
| | | | - Panayiota G Michalopoulou
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London , London, UK
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28
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Redecker TM, Kisko TM, Wöhr M, Schwarting RKW. Cacna1c haploinsufficiency lacks effects on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and volumetric properties of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in female rats. Physiol Behav 2020; 223:112974. [PMID: 32473156 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cross-disorder risk gene CACNA1C is strongly involved in the etiology of all major neuropsychiatric disorders, with women often being more affected by CACNA1C mutations than men. Human neuroimaging studies provided evidence that CACNA1C variants are associated with anatomical and functional brain alterations, such as decreased prefrontal volumes, microstructural changes in the hippocampus, and reduced hippocampal activity during memory tasks. In mouse models, Cacna1c alterations were repeatedly linked to disorder-like behavioral phenotypes and reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which has been implicated in the pathology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we applied a recently developed rat model and conducted two studies to investigate the effects of partial Cacna1c depletion on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and volumetric properties of the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex in adult female constitutive heterozygous (Cacna1c+/-) rats and wildtype (Cacna1c+/+) littermate controls. In study 1, we analyzed proliferation versus survival of adult-born hippocampal cells based on a 5-bromodeoxyuridine assay ensuring neuronal cell-type specificity through applying an immunofluorescent multiple staining approach. In study 2, we performed a detailed volumetric analysis with high structural resolution of the dorsal hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex, including their major substructures. Our results indicate comparable levels of cell proliferation and neuronal survival in Cacna1c+/- rats and Cacna1c+/+ controls. Additionally, we found similar volumes of the dorsal hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex across major substructures irrespective of genotype, indicating that Cacna1c haploinsufficiency has no prominent effects on these brain features in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Redecker
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Theresa M Kisko
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Wöhr
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, D-35037 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany; Laboratory for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Rainer K W Schwarting
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, D-35037 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
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29
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Gómez-Correa G, Zepeda A. Chronic Bumetanide Infusion Alters Young Neuron Morphology in the Dentate Gyrus Without Affecting Contextual Fear Memory. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:514. [PMID: 32508587 PMCID: PMC7253663 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Young neurons in the adult brain are key to some types of learning and memory. They integrate in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus contributing to such cognitive processes following timely developmental events. While experimentally impairing GABAergic transmission through the blockade or elimination of the ionic cotransporter NKCC1 leads to alterations in the proper maturation of young neurons, it is still unknown if the in vivo administration of common use diuretic drugs that block the cotransporter, alters the development of young hippocampal neurons and affects DG-related functions. In this study, we delivered chronically and intracerebroventricularly the NKCC1 blocker bumetanide to young-adult rats. We analyzed doublecortin density and development parameters (apical dendrite length and angle and dendritic arbor length) in doublecortin positive neurons from different subregions in the DG and evaluated the performance of animals in contextual fear learning and memory. Our results show that in bumetanide-treated subjects, doublecortin density is diminished in the infra and suprapyramidal blades of the DG; the length of primary dendrites is shortened in the infrapyramidal blade and; the growth angle of primary dendrites in the infrapyramidal blade is different from control animals. Behaviorally, treated animals showed the typical learning curve in a contextual fear task, and freezing-time displayed during contextual fear memory was not different from controls. Thus, in vivo icv delivery of bumetanide negatively alters DCX density associated to young neurons and its proper development but not to the extent of affecting a DG dependent task as aversive context learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibrán Gómez-Correa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angelica Zepeda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Angelica Zepeda,
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30
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Cohen H, Zohar J, Carmi L. Effects of agomelatine on behaviour, circadian expression of period 1 and period 2 clock genes and neuroplastic markers in the predator scent stress rat model of PTSD. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:255-273. [PMID: 30230406 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2018.1523560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The therapeutic value of the antidepressant agomelatine in the aftermath of traumatic experience and early post-reminder has been questioned. Herein, agomelatine, its vehicle or melatonin agonist were administered either acutely 1 h post-stressor or repeatedly (7 days) after early post-reminder in a post-traumatic stress rat model (PSS) using the scent of predator urine.Methods: Behavioural responses, and brain molecular and morphological changes were evaluated after each treatment procedure in PSS-exposed and unexposed rats.Results: When administered immediately after PSS, agomelatine induced a significant reduction of anxiety-like behaviour as assessed in the elevated-plus-maze and acoustic startle response at 8 days post-administration. Concomitantly, agomelatine significantly decreased Per1/Per2 expression in the CA1/CA3 areas, suprachiasmatic nucleus and basolateral amygdala, thereby partially restoring genes expression overregulated by PSS. Agomelatine further significantly increased cell growth and facilitated dendritic growth and arbour in dentate gyrus (DG) granule and apical CA1 cells and upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein in the DG and cortex III versus vehicle. When administered early post-reminder over 7 days before testing, agomelatine was ineffective on behavioural responses pattern, molecular and morphological changes induced by PSS.Conclusions: These findings suggest that agomelatine may be a potential agent in the acute aftermath of traumatic stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Cohen
- Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, The State of Israel Ministry of Health, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Joseph Zohar
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lior Carmi
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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31
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Lad KA, Maheshwari A, Saxena B. Repositioning of an anti-depressant drug, agomelatine as therapy for brain injury induced by craniotomy. Drug Discov Ther 2020; 13:189-197. [PMID: 31534070 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2019.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to the disruption of blood-brain barrier integrity and therefore results in increased brain water content (brain edema). Brain edema is a significant factor for increased intracranial pressure (ICP), which ultimately causes functional disability and death. The decompressive craniotomy (DC) is a surgical procedure widely used for treating increased ICP following TBI. The life-saving craniotomy itself results in brain injury. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of agomelatine against craniotomy induced brain injury. The craniotomy was performed by a variable speed micro-motor dental driller of 0.8 mm drill bit. The present study, in addition to blood-brain permeability, brain water content (edema) and histological examination of the brain, also estimated locomotor activity, oxidant, and antioxidant parameters. Results show that the craniotomy induced increase in the blood-brain barrier permeability, brain water content (edema), oxidative stress (lipid peroxide and nitric oxide) and impaired antioxidant mechanisms (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione) in rats. The craniotomy was also found to increase neuronal cell death indicated by augmented chromatolysis and impaired locomotor activity. Administration of agomelatine after the craniotomy ameliorated histopathological, neurochemical and behavioral consequences of craniotomy. Thus agomelatine is effective against brain injury caused by craniotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna A Lad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad
| | - Anurag Maheshwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad
| | - Bhagawati Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad
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Antidepressant-like and pro-neurogenic effects of physical exercise: the putative role of FNDC5/irisin pathway. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:355-370. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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33
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Yamada J, Jinno S. Potential link between antidepressant-like effects of ketamine and promotion of adult neurogenesis in the ventral hippocampus of mice. Neuropharmacology 2019; 158:107710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bortolotto V, Bondi H, Cuccurazzu B, Rinaldi M, Canonico PL, Grilli M. Salmeterol, a β2 Adrenergic Agonist, Promotes Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in a Region-Specific Manner. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1000. [PMID: 31572182 PMCID: PMC6751403 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis persists in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal formation in the adult mammalian brain. In this area, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) receive both permissive and instructive signals, including neurotransmitters, that allow them to generate adult-born neurons which can be functionally integrated in the preexisting circuit. Deregulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (ahNG) occurs in several neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, including major depression, and represents a potential therapeutic target. Of interest, several studies suggested that, both in rodents and in humans, ahNG is increased by chronic administration of classical monoaminergic antidepressant drugs, suggesting that modulation of this process may participate to their therapeutic effects. Since the established observation that noradrenergic innervations from locus coeruleus make contact with NPC in the dentate gyrus, we investigated the role of beta adrenergic receptor (β-AR) on ahNG both in vitro and in vivo. Here we report that, in vitro, activation of β2-AR by norepinephrine and β2-AR agonists promotes the formation of NPC-derived mature neurons, without affecting NPC survival or differentiation toward glial lineages. Additionally, we show that a selective β2-AR agonist able to cross the blood-brain barrier, salmeterol, positively modulates hippocampal neuroplasticity when chronically administered in adult naïve mice. Indeed, salmeterol significantly increased number, maturation, and dendritic complexity of DCX+ neuroblasts. The increased number of DCX+ cells was not accompanied by a parallel increase in the percentage of BrdU+/DCX+ cells suggesting a potential prosurvival effect of the drug on neuroblasts. More importantly, compared to vehicle, salmeterol promoted ahNG, as demonstrated by an increase in the actual number of BrdU+/NeuN+ cells and in the percentage of BrdU+/NeuN+ cells over the total number of newly generated cells. Interestingly, salmeterol proneurogenic effects were restricted to the ventral hippocampus, an area related to emotional behavior and mood regulation. Since salmeterol is commonly used for asthma therapy in the clinical setting, its novel pharmacological property deserves to be further exploited with a particular focus on drug potential to counteract stress-induced deregulation of ahNG and depressive-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bortolotto
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Heather Bondi
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Bruna Cuccurazzu
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Rinaldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Canonico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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35
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Li J, Chen J, Ma N, Yan D, Wang Y, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Zhang C. Effects of corticosterone on the expression of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) and proBDNF in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Behav Brain Res 2019; 365:150-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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36
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Yau SY, Lee THY, Formolo DA, Lee WL, Li LCK, Siu PM, Chan CCH. Effects of Maternal Voluntary Wheel Running During Pregnancy on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Temporal Order Memory, and Depression-Like Behavior in Adult Female and Male Offspring. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:470. [PMID: 31164801 PMCID: PMC6536667 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that maternal exercise in pregnancy may have beneficial effects on the brain function of offspring. This study sought to determine if voluntary wheel running during pregnancy improves depression-like behavior, temporal order memory, and hippocampal neurogenesis in both female and male offspring mice. Pregnant mice were allowed to run voluntarily by introducing running wheels into the housing cages throughout the gestational period. Male and female mice offspring at the age of 8- to 9-week-old were then tested on the temporal order task and forced swim test, then euthanized for immunostaining for examining adult hippocampal cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Results showed that both male and female pups had reduced depression-like behavior, while only male offspring demonstrated improvement in temporal order memory. Immunostaining revealed that male offspring showed an increase in the number of immature neurons in the ventral hippocampus, whereas female offspring showed enhanced cell proliferation in the dorsal hippocampus. These findings indicate that maternal voluntary wheel running benefits both female and male offspring on reducing depression-like behavior, but with gender effect on promoting hippocampal cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and temporal order memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas Ho-Yin Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Douglas Affonso Formolo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Lun Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Leo Chun-Kit Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Parco M Siu
- Divison of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chetwyn C H Chan
- University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Gualtieri F, Armstrong EA, Longmoor GK, D'Eath RB, Sandilands V, Boswell T, Smulders TV. Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Suppresses the Incorporation of New Neurons at the Caudal Pole of the Chicken Hippocampal Formation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7129. [PMID: 31073135 PMCID: PMC6509118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is suppressed by chronic stress, primarily at the ventral pole of the hippocampus. Based upon anatomy, we hypothesise that the caudal pole of the avian Hippocampal Formation (HF) presents a homologous subregion. We thus investigated whether AHN is preferentially suppressed in the caudal chicken HF by unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). Adult hens were kept in control conditions or exposed to UCMS for 8 weeks. Hens experiencing UCMS had significantly fewer doublecortin-positive multipolar neurons (p < 0.001) and beaded axons (p = 0.021) at the caudal pole of the HF than controls. UCMS birds also had smaller spleens and lower baseline plasma corticosterone levels compared to controls. There were no differences in AHN at the rostral pole, nor were there differences in expression of genetic mediators of the HPA stress response in the pituitary or adrenal glands. Duration of tonic immobility and heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratios were also not responsive to our UCMS treatment. These results support the hypothesised homology of the caudal pole of the avian HF to the ventral pole of the rodent hippocampus. Furthermore, quantifying neurogenesis in the caudal HF post-mortem may provide an objective, integrative measure of welfare in poultry, which may be more sensitive than current welfare measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gualtieri
- Centre for Behaviour & Evolution, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - E A Armstrong
- Centre for Behaviour & Evolution, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - G K Longmoor
- Centre for Behaviour & Evolution, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - R B D'Eath
- Animal and Veterinary Science Research Group, SRUC, Edinburgh, UK
| | - V Sandilands
- Animal and Veterinary Science Research Group, SRUC, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T Boswell
- Centre for Behaviour & Evolution, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - T V Smulders
- Centre for Behaviour & Evolution, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. .,Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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38
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Harvey BH, Regenass W, Dreyer W, Möller M. Social isolation rearing-induced anxiety and response to agomelatine in male and female rats: Role of corticosterone, oxytocin, and vasopressin. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:640-646. [PMID: 30789294 PMCID: PMC6537027 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119826783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chronobiotic antidepressant, agomelatine, acts via re-entrainment of circadian rhythms. Earlier work has demonstrated late-life anxiety and reduced corticosterone in post-weaning social isolation reared (SIR) rats. Agomelatine was anxiolytic in this model but did not reverse hypocortisolemia. Reduced corticosterone or cortisol (in humans) is well-described in anxiety states, although the anxiolytic-like actions of agomelatine may involve targeting another mechanism. Central oxytocin and vasopressin exert anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects, respectively, and are subject to circadian fluctuation, while also showing sex-dependent differences in response to various challenges. AIMS AND METHODS If corticosterone is less involved in the anxiolytic-like actions of agomelatine in SIR rats, we wondered whether effects on vasopressin and oxytocin may mediate these actions, and whether sex-dependent effects are evident. Anxiety as assessed in the elevated plus maze, as well as plasma vasopressin, oxytocin, and corticosterone were analyzed in social vs SIR animals receiving sub-chronic treatment with vehicle or agomelatine (40 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally at 16:00) for 16 days. RESULTS Social isolation rearing induced significant anxiety together with increased plasma vasopressin levels, but decreased corticosterone and oxytocin. While corticosterone displayed sex-dependent changes, vasopressin, and oxytocin changes were independent of sex. Agomelatine suppressed anxiety as well as reversed elevated vasopressin in both male and female rats and partially reversed reduced oxytocin in female but not male rats. CONCLUSION SIR-associated anxiety later in life involves reduced corticosterone and oxytocin, and elevated vasopressin. The anxiolytic-like effects of agomelatine in SIR rats predominantly involve targeting of elevated vasopressin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa,Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa,Brian H Harvey, Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Wilmie Regenass
- Department of Pharmacology, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa,Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Walter Dreyer
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Marisa Möller
- Department of Pharmacology, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa,Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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39
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Michaëlsson H, Andersson M, Svensson J, Karlsson L, Ehn J, Culley G, Engström A, Bergström N, Savvidi P, Kuhn H, Hanse E, Seth H. The novel antidepressant ketamine enhances dentate gyrus proliferation with no effects on synaptic plasticity or hippocampal function in depressive-like rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13211. [PMID: 30347138 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Major depressive disorder is a common and debilitating condition with substantial economic impact. Treatment options, although effective, are aimed at relieving the symptoms with limited disease modification. Ketamine, a commonly used anaesthetic, has received substantial attention as it shows rapid antidepressant effects clinically. We studied the effects of ketamine on hippocampal function and dentate gyrus proliferation in rats showing a depressive-like phenotype. METHODS Adolescent and adult animals were pre-natally exposed to the glucocorticoid analog dexamethasone, and we verified a depressive-like phenotype using behavioural tests, such as the sucrose preference. We subsequently studied the effects of ketamine on hippocampal synaptic transmission, plasticity and dentate gyrus proliferation. In addition, we measured hippocampal glutamate receptor expression. We also tested the ketamine metabolite hydroxynorketamine for NMDA-receptor independent effects. RESULTS Surprisingly, our extensive experimental survey revealed limited effects of ketamine or its metabolite on hippocampal function in control as well as depressive-like animals. We found no effects on synaptic efficacy or induction of long-term potentiation in adolescent and adult animals. Also there was no difference when comparing the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Importantly, however, ketamine 24 hours prior to experimentation significantly increased the dentate gyrus proliferation, as revealed by Ki-67 immunostaining, in the depressive-like phenotype. CONCLUSION We find limited effects of ketamine on hippocampal glutamatergic transmission. Instead, alterations in dentate gyrus proliferation could explain the antidepressant effects of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Michaëlsson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Mats Andersson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Lars Karlsson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Johan Ehn
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Georgia Culley
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Anders Engström
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Nicklas Bergström
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Parthenia Savvidi
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Hans‐Georg Kuhn
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Eric Hanse
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Henrik Seth
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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40
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Schoenfeld TJ, Rhee D, Martin L, Smith JA, Sonti AN, Padmanaban V, Cameron HA. New neurons restore structural and behavioral abnormalities in a rat model of PTSD. Hippocampus 2019; 29:848-861. [PMID: 30865372 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with anxiety, memory impairments, enhanced fear, and hippocampal volume loss, although the relationship between these changes remain unknown. Single-prolonged stress (SPS) is a model for PTSD combining three forms of stress (restraint, swim, and anesthesia) in a single session that results in prolonged behavioral effects. Using pharmacogenetic ablation of adult neurogenesis in rats, we investigated the role of new neurons in the hippocampus in the long-lasting structural and behavioral effects of SPS. Two weeks after SPS, stressed rats displayed increased anxiety-like behavior and decreased preference for objects in novel locations regardless of the presence or absence of new neurons. Chronic stress produced by daily restraint for 2 or 6 hr produced similar behavioral effects that were also independent of ongoing neurogenesis. At a longer recovery time point, 1 month after SPS, rats with intact neurogenesis had normalized, showing control levels of anxiety-like behavior. However, GFAP-TK rats, which lacked new neurons, continued to show elevated anxiety-like behavior and enhanced serum corticosterone response to anxiogenic experience. Volume loss in ventral CA1 region of the hippocampus paralleled increases in anxiety-like behavior, occurring in all rats exposed to SPS at the early time point and only rats lacking adult neurogenesis at the later time point. In chronic stress experiments, volume loss occurred broadly throughout the dentate gyrus and CA1 after 6-hr daily stress but was not apparent in any hippocampal subregion after 2-hr daily stress. No effect of SPS was seen on cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus, but the survival of young neurons born a week after stress was decreased. Together, these data suggest that new neurons are important for recovery of normal behavior and hippocampal structure following a strong acute stress and point to the ventral CA1 region as a potential key mediator of stress-induced anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Schoenfeld
- Section on Neuroplasticity, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Diane Rhee
- Section on Neuroplasticity, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laura Martin
- Section on Neuroplasticity, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jesse A Smith
- Section on Neuroplasticity, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anup N Sonti
- Section on Neuroplasticity, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Varun Padmanaban
- Section on Neuroplasticity, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Heather A Cameron
- Section on Neuroplasticity, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Tchekalarova J, Atanasova D, Kortenska L, Lazarov N, Shishmanova-Doseva M, Galchev T, Marinov P. Agomelatine alleviates neuronal loss through BDNF signaling in the post-status epilepticus model induced by kainic acid in rat. Brain Res Bull 2019; 147:22-35. [PMID: 30738136 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have reported that while agomelatine (Ago) is unable to prevent development of epilepsy it exerts a strong neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory response in the KA post-status epilepticus (SE) rat model. In the present study, we aimed to explore whether the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus is involved in the neuroprotective effect of Ago against the KA-induced SE and epileptiform activity four months later in rats. Lacosamide (LCM) was used as a positive control. The EEG-recorded seizure activity was also evaluated in two treatment protocols. In Experiment#1, Ago given repeatedly at a dose of 40 mg/kg during the course of SE was unable neither to modify EEG-recorded epileptiform activity nor the video- and EEG-recorded spontaneous seizures four months later compared to LCM (50 mg/kg). However, both Ago and LCM inhibited the expression of BDNF in the mossy fibers and also prevented neuronal loss in the dorsal hippocampal and the piriform cortex after SE. In Experiment#2, acute injection of Ago and LCM on epileptic rats, characterized by high seizure rates, did not prevent EEG-recorded paroxysmal events while only LCM decreased either absolute or relative powers of gamma (28-60 Hz) and high (HI) (60-120 Hz) frequency bands to baseline in the frontal and parietal cortex, respectively. Our results suggest that the protection against neuronal loss in specific limbic regions and overexpressed BDNF in the mossy fibers resulting from the repeated treatment with Ago and LCM, respectively, during SE is not a prerequisite for alleviation of epileptogenesis and development of epilepsy. In addition, a reduction of gamma and HI bands in the frontal and parietal cortex is not associated with EEG-recorded paroxysmal events after acute injection of LCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Dimitrinka Atanasova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Lidia Kortenska
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolai Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Pencho Marinov
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Murata Y, Matsuda H, Mikami Y, Hirose S, Mori M, Ohe K, Mine K, Enjoji M. Chronic administration of quetiapine stimulates dorsal hippocampal proliferation and immature neurons of male rats, but does not reverse psychosocial stress-induced hyponeophagic behavior. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:411-418. [PMID: 30611957 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic, has been used for the treatment of several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the underlying mechanism of the broad therapeutic range of quetiapine remains unknown. We previously reported that several aversive conditions affect dorsal/ventral hippocampal neurogenesis differentially. This study was aimed to elucidate the positive effects of chronic treatment with quetiapine on regional differences in hippocampal proliferation and immature neurons and behavioral changes under psychosocial stress using the Resident-Intruder paradigm. Twenty-three male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally administered a vehicle or quetiapine (10 mg/kg) once daily for 28 days. Two weeks after starting the injections, animals were exposed to intermittent social defeat (four times over two weeks). The behavioral effects of stress and quetiapine were evaluated by the Novelty-Suppressed Feeding (NSF) test. The stereological quantification of hippocampal neurogenesis was estimated using immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin (DCX). Chronic quetiapine treatment stimulated the Ki-67- and DCX-positive cells in the dorsal hippocampus, but not in the ventral subregion. The stress-induced changes in neurogenesis and hyponeophagic behavior were not reversed by repeated administration of quetiapine. Future study with additional behavioral tests is needed to elucidate the functional significance of the quetiapine-induced increase in dorsal hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Murata
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Matsuda
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yoko Mikami
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shiori Hirose
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Mori
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohe
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kazunori Mine
- Faculty of Neurology and Psychiatry, Mito Hospital, 4-1-1, Shime-Higashi, Shime-Machi, Kasuya-Gun, Fukuoka 811-2243, Japan
| | - Munechika Enjoji
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Pinar C, Yau SY, Sharp Z, Shamei A, Fontaine CJ, Meconi AL, Lottenberg CP, Christie BR. Effects of Voluntary Exercise on Cell Proliferation and Neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus of Adult FMR1 Knockout Mice. Brain Plast 2018; 4:185-195. [PMID: 30598869 PMCID: PMC6311353 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-170052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability that can be traced to a single gene mutation. This disorder is caused by the hypermethylation of the Fmr1 gene, which impairs translation of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). In Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice, the loss of FMRP has been shown to negatively impact adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and to contribute to learning, memory, and emotional deficits. Conversely, physical exercise has been shown to enhance cognitive performance, emotional state, and increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In the current experiments, we used two different voluntary running paradigms to examine how exercise impacts adult neurogenesis in the dorsal and ventral hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of Fmr1 KO mice. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that short-term (7 day) voluntary running enhanced cell proliferation in both wild-type (WT) and Fmr1 KO mice. In contrast, long-term (28 day) running only enhanced cell proliferation in the whole DG of WT mice, but not in Fmr1 KO mice. Interestingly, cell survival was enhanced in both WT and Fmr1 KO mice following exercise. Interestingly we found that running promoted cell proliferation and survival in the ventral DG of WTs, but promoted cell survival in the dorsal DG of Fmr1 KOs. Our data indicate that long-term exercise has differential effects on adult neurogenesis in ventral and dorsal hippocampi in Fmr1 KO mice. These results suggest that physical training can enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in the absence of FMRP, may be a potential intervention to enhance learning and memory and emotional regulation in FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pinar
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, British Columbia, VIC, Canada
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, British Columbia, VIC, Canada
| | - Zoe Sharp
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, British Columbia, VIC, Canada
| | - Arian Shamei
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, British Columbia, VIC, Canada
| | - Christine J Fontaine
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, British Columbia, VIC, Canada
| | - Alicia L Meconi
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, British Columbia, VIC, Canada
| | - Carina P Lottenberg
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, British Columbia, VIC, Canada
| | - Brian R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, British Columbia, VIC, Canada
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Atkin T, Comai S, Gobbi G. Drugs for Insomnia beyond Benzodiazepines: Pharmacology, Clinical Applications, and Discovery. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:197-245. [PMID: 29487083 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the GABAergic benzodiazepines (BZDs) and Z-drugs (zolpidem, zopiclone, and zaleplon) are FDA-approved for insomnia disorders with a strong evidence base, they have many side effects, including cognitive impairment, tolerance, rebound insomnia upon discontinuation, car accidents/falls, abuse, and dependence liability. Consequently, the clinical use of off-label drugs and novel drugs that do not target the GABAergic system is increasing. The purpose of this review is to analyze the neurobiological and clinical evidence of pharmacological treatments of insomnia, excluding the BZDs and Z-drugs. We analyzed the melatonergic agonist drugs, agomelatine, prolonged-release melatonin, ramelteon, and tasimelteon; the dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant; the modulators of the α2δ subunit of voltage-sensitive calcium channels, gabapentin and pregabalin; the H1 antagonist, low-dose doxepin; and the histamine and serotonin receptor antagonists, amitriptyline, mirtazapine, trazodone, olanzapine, and quetiapine. The pharmacology and mechanism of action of these treatments and the evidence-base for the use of these drugs in clinical practice is outlined along with novel pipelines. There is evidence to recommend suvorexant and low-dose doxepin for sleep maintenance insomnia; there is also sufficient evidence to recommend ramelteon for sleep onset insomnia. Although there is limited evidence for the use of the quetiapine, trazodone, mirtazapine, amitriptyline, pregabalin, gabapentin, agomelatine, and olanzapine as treatments for insomnia disorder, these drugs may improve sleep while successfully treating comorbid disorders, with a different side effect profile than the BZDs and Z-drugs. The unique mechanism of action of each drug allows for a more personalized and targeted medical management of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Atkin
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (T.A., S.C., G.G.); and Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Comai
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (T.A., S.C., G.G.); and Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (T.A., S.C., G.G.); and Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy (S.C.)
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45
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Smith K, Semënov MV. The impact of age on number and distribution of proliferating cells in subgranular zone in adult mouse brain. IBRO Rep 2018; 6:18-30. [PMID: 30582065 PMCID: PMC6297242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The mouse brain retains an ability to produce hippocampal granule neurons during the mouse’s entire lifespan. The neurons are produced in the subgranular zone (SGZ) located on the inner surface of the granule cell layer in the dentate gyrus (DG). In our study, we used a point cloud approach to characterize how the production and distribution of neural precursors for new hippocampal neurons change in the mouse brain relative to age. We found that the production of neural precursors decreases 64 fold from the age of 30 days to the age of 2.5 years. Within the SGZ the decline of cell proliferation continues during entire mouse life. We reconstructed the distribution of proliferating cells along the longitudinal axis of the SGZ and found that the highest number of proliferating cells are located approximately 0.75 mm from the dorsomedial end of the SGZ that corresponds to the most dorsal part of the DG in the mouse brain. The distribution of proliferating cells in the SGZ showed no apparent aggregations, periodicity or any other readily identifiable spatial characteristics. Proliferating cells in the SGZ tended to be located separately from other proliferating cells. About two thirds of them have no closely located other proliferating cells, and the remaining third is located in small clusters comprised of 2 or 3 proliferating cells. Based on our measurements, we calculated that from the age of 30 days to the age of 2.5 years 1.5 million neural precursors are produced in the SGZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Smith
- New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Bedford Division, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, United States
| | - Mikhail V Semënov
- New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Bedford Division, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, United States.,The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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46
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Hueston CM, O'Leary JD, Hoban AE, Kozareva DA, Pawley LC, O'Leary OF, Cryan JF, Nolan YM. Chronic interleukin-1β in the dorsal hippocampus impairs behavioural pattern separation. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 74:252-264. [PMID: 30217534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the long-term consequences of chronic inflammation in the hippocampus may help to develop therapeutic targets for the treatment of cognitive disorders related to stress, ageing and neurodegeneration. The hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to increases in the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a mediator of neuroinflammation, with elevated levels implicated in the aetiology of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, and in stress-related disorders such as depression. Acute increases in hippocampal IL-1β have been shown to impair cognition and reduce adult hippocampal neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons. However, the impact of prolonged increases in IL-1β, as evident in clinical conditions, on cognition has not been fully explored. Therefore, the present study utilized a lentiviral approach to induce long-term overexpression of IL-1β in the dorsal hippocampus of adult male Sprague Dawley rats and examine its impact on cognition. Following three weeks of viral integration, pattern separation, a process involving hippocampal neurogenesis, was impaired in IL-1β-treated rats in both object-location and touchscreen operant paradigms. This was coupled with a decrease in the number and neurite complexity of immature neurons in the hippocampus. Conversely, tasks involving the hippocampus, but not sensitive to disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis, including spontaneous alternation, novel object and location recognition were unaffected. Touchscreen operant visual discrimination, a cognitive task involving the prefrontal cortex, was largely unaffected by IL-1β overexpression. In conclusion, these findings suggest that chronically elevated IL-1β in the hippocampus selectively impairs pattern separation. Inflammatory-mediated disruption of adult hippocampal neurogenesis may contribute to the cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative and stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara M Hueston
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - James D O'Leary
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan E Hoban
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Danka A Kozareva
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Lauren C Pawley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Olivia F O'Leary
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland.
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Zhang XY, Zhang LM, Mi WD, Li YF. Translocator protein ligand, YL-IPA08, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behavior by promoting neural regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1937-1944. [PMID: 30233067 PMCID: PMC6183040 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.239442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocator protein has received attention for its involvement in the pathogenesis of depression. This study assessed the effects of the new translocator protein ligand, YL-IPA08, on alleviating inflammation-induced depression-like behavior in mice and investigated its mechanism of action. Mice were intracerebroventricularly injected with 1, 10, 100 or 1000 ng lipopolysaccharide. The tail-suspension test and the forced swimming test confirmed that 100 ng lipopolysaccharide induced depression-like behavior. A mouse model was then established by intraventricular injection of 100 ng lipopolysaccharide. On days 16-24 after model establishment, mice were intragastrically administered 3 mg/kg YL-IPA08 daily. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine BrdU and NeuN expression in the hippocampus. YL-IPA08 effectively reversed the depression-like behavior of lipopolysaccharide-treated mice, restored body mass, increased the number of BrdU-positive cells, and the number and proportion of BrdU and NeuN double-positive cells. These findings indicate that YL-IPA08 can attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behavior in mice by promoting the formation of hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Dong Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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48
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Galea LA, Roes MM, Dimech CJ, Chow C, Mahmoud R, Lieblich SE, Duarte-Guterman P. Premarin has opposing effects on spatial learning, neural activation, and serum cytokine levels in middle-aged female rats depending on reproductive history. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 70:291-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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49
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Can ÖD, Üçel Uİ, Demir Özkay Ü, Ulupınar E. The Effect of Agomelatine Treatment on Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Impairments in Rats: Concomitant Alterations in the Hippocampal Neuron Numbers. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082461. [PMID: 30127276 PMCID: PMC6121488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Researches that are related to the central nervous system complications of diabetes have indicated higher incidence of cognitive disorders in patients. Since the variety of nootropic drugs used in clinics is limited and none of them consistently improves the outcomes, new and effective drug alternatives are needed for the treatment of diabetes-induced cognitive disorders. Based on the nootropic potential of agomelatine, the promising efficacy of this drug on cognitive impairments of diabetic rats was investigated in the current study. Experimental diabetes model was induced by streptozotocin. After development of diabetes-related cognitive impairments in rats, agomelatine (40 and 80 mg/kg) was administrated orally for two weeks. Cognitive performance was assessed by Morris water-maze and passive avoidance tests. Then, the total numbers of neurons in both dentate gyrus and Cornu Ammonis (CA) 1–3 subfields of the hippocampus were estimated by the optical fractionator method. Agomelatine treatment induced notable enhancement in the learning and memory performance of diabetic rats. Moreover, it reversed the neuronal loss in the hippocampal subregions of diabetic animals. Obtained results suggest that agomelatine has a significant potential for the treatment of diabetes-induced cognitive impairments. However, therapeutic efficacy of this drug in diabetic patients suffering from cognitive dysfunctions needs to be confirmed by further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Devrim Can
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Umut İrfan Üçel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Ümide Demir Özkay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Emel Ulupınar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480 Eskisehir, Turkey.
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Department, Health Science Institute of Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26480 Eskisehir, Turkey.
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50
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Reduced resting-state functional connectivity of the basolateral amygdala to the medial prefrontal cortex in preweaning rats exposed to chronic early-life stress. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:3711-3729. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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