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Wang F, Wang J, He Y, Yan Y, Fu D, Rene ER, Singh RP. Effect of different bulking agents on fed-batch composting and microbial community profile. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118449. [PMID: 38354880 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The current study focused on analyzing the effect of different types of bulking agents and other factors on fed-batch composting and the structure of microbial communities. The results indicated that the introduction of bulking agents to fed-batch composting significantly improved composting efficiency as well as compost product quality. In particular, using green waste as a bulking agent, the compost products would achieve good performance in the following indicators: moisture (3.16%), weight loss rate (85.26%), and C/N ratio (13.98). The significant difference in moisture of compost products (p < 0.05) was observed in different sizes of bulking agent (green waste), which was because the voids in green waste significantly affected the capacity of the water to permeate. Meanwhile, controlling the size of green waste at 3-6 mm, the following indicators would show great performance from the compost products: moisture (3.12%), organic matter content (63.93%), and electrical conductivity (EC) (5.37 mS/cm). According to 16S rRNA sequencing, the relative abundance (RA) of thermophilic microbes increased as reactor temperature rose in fed-batch composting, among which Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Basidiomycota, and Rasamsonia were involved in cellulose and lignocellulose degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Jingyao Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yuheng He
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yixin Yan
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Dafang Fu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, the Netherlands
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Chiarelotto M, Melo DCD, Santos MVAD. Does the initial C/N ratio interfere with the performance of sewage sludge composting and cotton waste? ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:2673-2683. [PMID: 36780336 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2180672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the initial C/N ratio on the composting of sewage sludge and cotton residues are not reported in the literature. Understanding the main composting control parameters is essential for the good stabilization of these wastes. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate different initial C/N ratios for the composting of sewage sludge and cotton waste, aiming to find the ranges with the best performance for the process and quality of the final organic compost. In this sense, five mixtures of sewage sludge (S) and cotton residues (C) were prepared and composted with three replications for each treatment in a completely randomized design. Physicochemical parameters were evaluated during composting and in the final organic compounds. A Multivariate Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to evaluate the agronomic quality of organic compounds. The thermal behaviour of the mixtures presented differences. The treatments 90C10S, 80C20S and 67C33S showed the highest EXI² index (3566.64, 3448.39 and 2738.89), longer duration of thermophilic phase (12 and 13 days) and better potential for maximum degradation (A) of organic matter (67.5, 61.2 and 65.6%C). The final compounds of 90C10S and 80C20S showed higher pH values (7.9 and 7.5) and higher CEC (123.6 and 114.0 meq/100 g OM). PCA showed similarity in the agronomic quality of organic compounds for 90C10S, 80C20S and 67C33S. The treatment 28C72S (initial C/N ratio of 16.6) presented final pH of 5.3 and did not meet the minimum limit required by Brazilian regulations. Initial C/N relations between 24.9 and 35.2 showed better stabilization of waste and final organic compound with better agronomic quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maico Chiarelotto
- Centre of Exact Sciences and Technologies, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras Brazil
| | - Danilo Corado de Melo
- Centre of Exact Sciences and Technologies, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras Brazil
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Dume B, Hanc A, Svehla P, Michal P, Solcova O, Chane AD, Nigussie A. Nutrient recovery and changes in enzyme activity during vermicomposting of hydrolysed chicken feather residue. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022:1-15. [PMID: 36368925 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2147451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chicken feathers are hazardous to the environment because of their poor digestibility and potential as a source of environmental contaminants. However, this waste contains valuable plant nutrients that can be recovered and used to improve soil fertility and agricultural productivity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate how effective vermicomposting is at recovering nutrients and changes in enzymatic activity during vermicomposting of hydrolysed chicken feather residues (HCFR). The study included four treatments with three replications at different HCFR and pelletized wheat straw (PWS) mixing proportions: (T1) 25% HCFR+75% PWS with earthworms, (T2) 25% HCFR+75% PWS without earthworms, (T3) 50% HCFR+50% PWS with earthworms, and (T4) 50% HCFR+50% PWS (w/w) without earthworms. Eisenia andrei was used in the experiment for 120 days. Earthworm treatments recovered more available plant nutrients than non-earthworm treatments by 14% N - NO 3 - (T1); 50% K (T3); 47% Mg (T3); 75% P (T3); 55% B (T3); 34% Cu (T3); 40% Fe (T1); 46% Mn (T3); 11% Zn (T1). However, N - NH 4 + was significantly reduced by -80% (T1). Acid phosphatase, arylsulphatase, alanine aminopeptidase, and leucine aminopeptidase were more active in the treatments with earthworms and positively correlated with P and C: N ratio. Alanine aminopeptidase (3752 µmol AMCA.g-1.h-1) and leucine aminopeptidase (4252 µmol AMCL.g-1.h-1) had higher activities in T3 on day 60 of vermicomposting. As a result, the earthworm treatment recovers more plant nutrients than the non-earthworm treatments, and it can be recommended as a better vermicomposting approach for nutrient recovery from HCFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayu Dume
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Hanc
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Svehla
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Michal
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Solcova
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Abraham Demelash Chane
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Abebe Nigussie
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Hemati A, Aliasgharzad N, Khakvar R, Khoshmanzar E, Asgari Lajayer B, van Hullebusch ED. Role of lignin and thermophilic lignocellulolytic bacteria in the evolution of humification indices and enzymatic activities during compost production. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 119:122-134. [PMID: 33059162 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lignin content and thermophilic lignocellulolytic bacteria bioaugmentation on composting process. Treatments including bioaugmentation with thermophilic lignocellulolytic bacteria isolates such as Paenibacillus validus, Paenibacillus koreensis, Bacillus nealsonii, a mixture of the three mentioned bacterial isolates and control were compared at two level of organic media (high lignin content and low lignin content) in the form of nested factorial design. Several indices such as humification and enzymatic activities were monitored to evaluate the composting rate. The results revealed that high lignin treatments displayed higher ligninase, xylanase, protease and urease enzymatic activities compared to low lignin treatments. On the other hand, low lignin treatments showed higher level of humification indices, cellulase, beta-glucosidase and alkaline phosphomonoesterase enzymatic activities in comparison with high lignin treatments. Also, all measured enzymatic activities are at their highest between the second and the tenth weeks; however, this trend decreased to reach a steady point from the 18th weeks to the 24th weeks, but for urease enzymatic activity, a totally different trend in high and low lignin treatments was observed. Moreover, the highest humification indices as well as the cellulase and β-glucosidase enzymatic activities were associated to the Bacillus nealsonii isolate and the full consortium. They also displayed the highest ligninase, xylanase, protease, and urease and phosphatase activities. The efficient isolates shortened the time required for completing the composting process for about 2 to 4 weeks compared to the control treatments. For all measured indices, the control treatment had the lowest values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Hemati
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Nasser Aliasgharzad
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Khakvar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Khoshmanzar
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnam Asgari Lajayer
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Eric D van Hullebusch
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
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Zhang S, Wang J, Chen X, Gui J, Sun Y, Wu D. Industrial-scale food waste composting: Effects of aeration frequencies on oxygen consumption, enzymatic activities and bacterial community succession. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124357. [PMID: 33166884 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Industrial-scale composting of food waste (FW) was performed at different aeration frequencies (C_5_25: 5 min aeration + 25 min interval, C_10_20: 10 min aeration + 20 min interval, C_15_15: 15 min aeration + 15 min interval and CK: stuffiness) to ascertain the optimal aeration frequency to accomplish polymerization and humification of compost. The tested aeration frequencies affected the oxygen uptake rate, oxygen spatial distribution, and ultimately influenced the humification of compost. Extensive aeration was not beneficial to accumulate nitrogen and phosphorus during composting. Aeration frequency influenced the succession of bacterial community primarily through affecting O2 concentration and the release of various enzymes by these bacteria. Regulating O2 concentration by adjusting aeration strategies may provide guidance for accelerating maturity of composting. Considering various factors, this paper recommends the scheme of heating period (C_5_25), thermophilic period (C_15_15) and psychrophilic period (no aeration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jingli Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jiaxi Gui
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Donglei Wu
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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6
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Kong W, Sun B, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Gu L, Bao L, Liu S. Metagenomic analysis revealed the succession of microbiota and metabolic function in corncob composting for preparation of cultivation medium for Pleurotus ostreatus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123156. [PMID: 32179397 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metagenomic sequencing was used to reveal the dynamic changes in microbiota and the metabolic functions in corncob composting for preparing cultivation medium of Pleurotus ostreatus. Results showed that the changes of physicochemical properties lead to different dominant phylum at different stages of composting. Firmicutes replaced Proteobacteria as the dominant phylum at thermophilic stage. Correlation analysis indicated that the succession of microbiota was significantly affected by the C/N ratio, pH, temperature and organic matters in compost. The changes in community inevitably lead to the differences of metabolic functions. Metabolism analysis indicated that carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism were relatively higher in thermophilic stage. Conversely, the metabolism of starch, sucrose, galactose, ascorbate was mainly detected in the late stage. The metabolisms of different stages were driven by different microorganisms. Overall, these findings deepened our understanding of metabolic functions, and it is of great value to the metabolomics research of composting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Kong
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Likun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, China.
| | - Lijun Bao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuaixia Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, China
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7
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Evolution of Microbial Composition and Enzymatic Activities during the Composting of Textile Waste. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10113758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The production of stable and mature compost often depends on the performance of microbes and their enzymatic activity. Environmental and nutritional conditions influence the characteristics of microbial communities and, therefore, the dynamics of major metabolic activities. Using three waste mixtures (textile waste mixed with either green, paper, or cardboard waste), the maturity of the compost produced was assessed by following the physico-chemical parameters and enzymatic activities provided by the microorganisms that were identified using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Among the three mixtures used, it was found that the two best mixtures showed C/N ratios of 16.30 and 16.96, total nitrogen of 1.37 and 1.39%, cellulase activities of 50.62 and 52.67 Ug−1, acid phosphatase activities of 38.81 and 68.77 Ug−1, and alkaline phosphatase activities of 51.12 and 56.86 Ug−1. In addition, several lignocellulosic species, together with those that are able to solubilize phosphate, were identified. Among those known for cellulase and acid/alkaline phosphatase activities, bacteria belonging to the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes phyla were shown. The presence of species belonging to the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota phyla of Fungi, which are known for their ability to produce cellulase and acid/alkaline phosphatases, was demonstrated. These findings provide a basis for the production of stable and mature compost based on textile waste.
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Estrella-González MJ, López-González JA, Suárez-Estrella F, López MJ, Jurado MM, Siles-Castellano AB, Moreno J. Evaluating the influence of raw materials on the behavior of nitrogen fractions in composting processes on an industrial scale. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 303:122945. [PMID: 32058904 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Success of composting as an ecological technology for organic waste management has allowed its implementation in the current circular economy models. However, composting on an industrial scale often shows drawbacks and peculiarities. In this work, a comparative analysis of 15 industrial composting facilities was carried out in which different anthropogenic organic waste were processed. Results showed that composting process on an industrial scale did not always evolve in a standard way. Monitoring parameters as well as enzymatic activity depended largely on the raw materials and were strongly linked to the transformation of nitrogen fractions. Despite the heterogeneity of the processes and raw materials, microbial activity managed to the optimal biotransformation, obtaining products that comply with the agronomic quality standards. This work represents a breakthrough in composting and provides new knowledge for better management of this process on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Estrella-González
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - J A López-González
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - F Suárez-Estrella
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - M J López
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M M Jurado
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A B Siles-Castellano
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - J Moreno
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), 04120 Almería, Spain
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9
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Ge M, Zhou H, Shen Y, Meng H, Li R, Zhou J, Cheng H, Zhang X, Ding J, Wang J, Wang J. Effect of aeration rates on enzymatic activity and bacterial community succession during cattle manure composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 304:122928. [PMID: 32106020 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore changes in microbial enzyme activity and bacterial community, a 60-day composting experiment was conducted using cattle manure and straw under aeration rates of 0.45, 0.68, and 0.90 L min-1 kg-1 fresh weight. High aeration rate increased the cellulase, urease, alkaline and acid phosphatase activities, but decreased that of invertase and catalase. Cellulase, alkaline phosphatase and catalase were the main enzymes that affected the composting process. Microbial analysis showed that high aeration rate increased the uniformity of bacterial community in thermophilic phase, but decreased that in mature phase. Different aeration rate affected the bacterial community structure and further influenced the relationship between enzyme and functional bacteria. Regulating the temperature, moisture content and EC in specific phases to affect bacterial community succession could provide guidance for improving maturity of composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianshen Ge
- Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing TECH University, Nanjing 211816, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Haibin Zhou
- Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Haibo Meng
- Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China.
| | - Ran Li
- Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing TECH University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hongsheng Cheng
- Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Jingtao Ding
- Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Jiarui Wang
- Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
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10
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Nogales R, Fernández-Gómez MJ, Delgado-Moreno L, Castillo-Díaz JM, Romero E. Eco-friendly vermitechnological winery waste management: a pilot-scale study. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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11
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Khadra A, Pinelli E, Ezzariai A, Mohamed O, Merlina G, Lyamlouli K, Kouisni L, Hafidi M. Assessment of the genotoxicity of antibiotics and chromium in primary sludge and compost using Vicia faba micronucleus test. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 185:109693. [PMID: 31550565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate chemical, biological and eco-toxicological parameters of a compost produced through the co-composting of dewatered primary sludge (DPS) and date palm waste to evaluate in which extent it can exploited as a bio-fertilizer. DPS and date palm waste were co-composted in aerobic conditions for 210 days. Physico-chemical parameters were evaluated during composting (total organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH, available forms of phosphorus). Furthermore, heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Zn) and antibiotics (fluoroquinolones, macrolides and tetracyclines) content were analyzed in the DPS. To evaluate the genotoxicity of substrates, Vicia faba micronucleus test was carried out. Single and combined toxicities of a mixture of antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, enroflxacin, nalidixic acid, roxithromycin and sulfapyridin) and chromium (Cr2 (SO4)3 and K2Cr2O7) were examined. Although the final compost product showed a significant decrease of the genotoxicity, almost 50% of the micronucleus frequency still remained, which could be explained by the persistence of several recalcitrant compounds such as chromium and some antibiotics. Overall, the presence of antibiotics and chromium showed that some specific combination of contaminants represent an ecological risk for soil health and ecosystems even at environmentally negligible concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Khadra
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité Associée Au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Eric Pinelli
- EcoLab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Oubane Mohamed
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité Associée Au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Georges Merlina
- EcoLab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Karim Lyamlouli
- University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Agrobiosciences Program, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Agrobiosciences Program, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité Associée Au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 2390, Marrakech, Morocco; University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Agrobiosciences Program, Benguerir, Morocco.
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12
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Chiarelotto M, Damaceno FM, Lorin HEF, Tonial LMS, de Mendonça Costa LA, Bustamante MA, Moral R, Marhuenda-Egea FC, Costa MSSM. Reducing the composting time of broiler agro-industrial wastes: The effect of process monitoring parameters and agronomic quality. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 96:25-35. [PMID: 31376967 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of considering different composting times on compost quality before the end of the bio-oxidative phase and after the maturation and storage phases. This study may provide useful information to optimize the composting process and increase the economic feasibility of the technology and its adoption without decreasing the quality of the end-product. In this study, three composts were prepared using chicken meat processing wastes mixed with urban tree trimmings, serving as a bulking agent, to evaluate the effect of reducing the durations of the bio-oxidative phase and the maturity stage on the different physico-chemical properties. Specifically, we evaluate water-soluble organic matter transformations by using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. The obtained results have shown that a composting time of 35 days combined with eight turnings was efficient for achieving the standard process control parameters for agro-industrial waste composting in the studied conditions and allowed for the production of stable and mature compost that is suitable for agricultural use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chiarelotto
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation - RHESA, Western Parana State University - UNIOESTE, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program - PGEAGRI, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - F M Damaceno
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation - RHESA, Western Parana State University - UNIOESTE, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program - PGEAGRI, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - H E F Lorin
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation - RHESA, Western Parana State University - UNIOESTE, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program - PGEAGRI, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - L M S Tonial
- Academic Department of Chemistry, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil
| | - L A de Mendonça Costa
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation - RHESA, Western Parana State University - UNIOESTE, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program - PGEAGRI, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - M A Bustamante
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University, EPS-Orihuela, ctra Beniel Km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain.
| | - R Moral
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University, EPS-Orihuela, ctra Beniel Km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain.
| | - F C Marhuenda-Egea
- Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alicante, P.O.Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - M S S M Costa
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation - RHESA, Western Parana State University - UNIOESTE, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program - PGEAGRI, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil.
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13
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Qasim W, Moon BE, Okyere FG, Khan F, Nafees M, Kim HT. Influence of aeration rate and reactor shape on the composting of poultry manure and sawdust. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2019; 69:633-645. [PMID: 30640581 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2019.1569570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To achieve successful composting, all the biological, chemical, and physical characteristics need to be considered. The investigation of our study was based on various physicochemical properties, i.e., temperature, ammonia concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, organic matter (OM) content, moisture content, bacterial population, and seed germination index (GI), during the composting of poultry manure and sawdust for different aeration rates and reactor shapes. Three cylindrical-shaped and three rectangular-shaped pilot-scale 60-L composting reactors were used in this study, with aeration rates of 0.3 (low), 0.6 (medium), and 0.9 (high) L min-1 kg-1 DM (dry matter). All parameters were monitored over 21 days of composting. Results showed that the low aeration rate (0.3 L min-1 kg-1 DM) corresponded to a higher and longer thermophilic phase than did the high aeration rate (0.9 L min-1 kg-1 DM). Ammonia and carbon dioxide volatilization were directly related to the temperature profile of the substrate, with significant differences between the low and high aeration rates during weeks 2 and 3 of composting but no significant difference observed during week 1. At the end of our study, the final values of pH, EC, moisture content, C/N ratio, and organic matter in all compost reactors were lower than those at the start. The growth rates of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria were directly correlated with mesophilic and thermophilic conditions of the compost. The final GI of the cylindrical reactor with an airflow rate of 0.3 L min-1 kg-1 DM was 82.3%, whereas the GIs of the other compost reactors were below 80%. In this study, compost of a cylindrical reactor with a low aeration rate (0.3 L min-1 kg-1 DM) was more stable and mature than the other reactors. Implications: The poultry industry is growing in South Korea, but there are problems associated with the management of poultry manure, and composting is one solution that could be valuable for crops and forage if managed properly. For high-quality composting, the aeration rate in different reactor shapes must be considered. The objective of this study was to investigate various physicochemical properties with different aeration rates and rector shapes. Results showed that aeration rate of 0.3 L min-1 kg-1 DM in a cylindrical reactor provides better condition for maturation of compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Qasim
- a Department of Bio-systems Engineering , Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture & Life Science) , Jinju , Korea
| | - Byeong Eun Moon
- a Department of Bio-systems Engineering , Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture & Life Science) , Jinju , Korea
| | - Frank Gyan Okyere
- a Department of Bio-systems Engineering , Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture & Life Science) , Jinju , Korea
| | - Fawad Khan
- a Department of Bio-systems Engineering , Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture & Life Science) , Jinju , Korea
| | - Mohammad Nafees
- b Department of Environmental Science , University of Peshawar , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Hyeon Tae Kim
- a Department of Bio-systems Engineering , Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture & Life Science) , Jinju , Korea
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14
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Bohacz J. Changes in mineral forms of nitrogen and sulfur and enzymatic activities during composting of lignocellulosic waste and chicken feathers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:10333-10342. [PMID: 30761493 PMCID: PMC6469611 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to show the dynamics of changes in the activity of enzymes responsible for C, N, and S metabolism, i.e., cellulase, protease, urease, and arylsulfatase in two lignocellulosic composts as well as changes in the concentration of mineral forms important in plant nutrition (N-NH4+, N-NO3-, S-SO42-). Most of the enzyme activity was higher during 10 weeks of composting in compost I, containing higher amounts of easily available organic matter than in compost II. Enzymatic activities in compost II remained at a higher level for a longer time, but they increased at a slower rate. Mineral content changes in the compost mass consisted primarily of an increase in N-NO3- concentration and a decrease in N-NH4+ and S-SO42- levels, especially in compost I. The concentration of mineral nitrogen and sulfur forms in compost water extracts was about 10-100 times lower than in the compost mass. At the end of composting, the amount of sulfates in the compost mass was 30 and 150 mg kg-1 dw in compost II and I, respectively. In this context, the composts obtained should be considered valuable for fertilizing soils poor in this component and for cultivating plants with high sulfate S demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Bohacz
- Faculty of Agrobioengineering, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Laboratory of Mycology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 7 Leszczyńskiego Street, 20-069, Lublin, Poland.
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15
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Du J, Zhang Y, Qu M, Yin Y, Fan K, Hu B, Zhang H, Wei M, Ma C. Effects of biochar on the microbial activity and community structure during sewage sludge composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 272:171-179. [PMID: 30336399 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To explore the contributions of functional bacterial community in composting, we performed medium-scale composting of sewage sludge and sawdust mixtures amended with rice straw biochar at different dosages (5, 10, and 20% of fresh mixture weight) in 400 L bioreactor systems. The dynamics of enzyme activity and bacterial community composition were monitored during the composting. The addition of biochar above 10% inhibited the activity of protease but promoted the activities of cellulase and peroxidase, which also increased the fluctuation of bacterial diversity during the composting. The relationship between the activity of most enzymes and bacterial community was strengthened by the addition of biochar (10% and 20%), which further enhanced the contributions of the functional bacterial communities to composting. Therefore, the study provides evidence for the promoting effects of biochar on the functions of bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Du
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingxiang Qu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuting Yin
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kang Fan
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingbao Wei
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuang Ma
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China.
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16
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Guerra PAM, Salas Sanjúan MDC, López MJ. Evaluation of physicochemical properties and enzymatic activity of organic substrates during four crop cycles in soilless containers. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:2066-2078. [PMID: 30510708 PMCID: PMC6261231 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organic soilless production in containers requires substrates with appropriate physicochemical and biological properties to ensure that production is sustainable and profitable for several production cycles. The main objective of this study was to comprehensively evaluate these properties in three different mixtures of organic substrates (vermicompost [V] and coconut fibers [CF] in ratios 20V80CF, 40V60CF, 60V40CF) for four horticultural crop production cycles (PCs) using vermicompost tea (VT) as the main source of nutrients. RESULTS Readily available water (25%) in the control treatment (20V80CF) was below the recommended limit, and dry bulk density (>450 g/L) surpassed the recommended limit in the 60V40CF treatment (p < 0.05). In terms of chemical properties, cations and anions in the saturated media extract decreased significantly to values below established optimal conditions. Furthermore, the substrates presented high enzymatic activity in successive production cycles (p < 0.05), including dehydrogenase (350-400 μg TFF g-1), acid phosphatase (4,700 μg p-nitrophenol g-1 soil hr-1), and β-glucosidase (1,200 μg p-nitrophenol g-1 soil hr-1) activity during transformation from organic matter to inorganic compounds. CONCLUSION The 40V60CF treatment presents adequate physicochemical and biological characteristics for reuse for more than four growing cycles when organic supplements are administered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria J. López
- Unit of MicrobiologyDepartment of Biology and GeologyCITE II‐BUniversidad de AlmeríaCampus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3AlmeriaSpain
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17
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Chemetova C, Fabião A, Gominho J, Ribeiro H. Range analysis of Eucalyptus globulus bark low-temperature hydrothermal treatment to produce a new component for growing media industry. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 79:1-7. [PMID: 30343736 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of industrial Eucalyptus globulus bark residues for organic growing media formulation was studied. Hydrothermal treatments were tested using Response Surface Methodology approach. Model design consisted of twelve combinations of temperature (T: 60-140 °C) and residential time (t: 20-60') to evaluate the effect on bark properties. Temperature had a significant effect in C mineralization and N immobilization rates, where the lowest responses (111.8 mmol CO2 kg-1 d-1 and NIR = 4.1 mmol N kg-1 d-1, respectively) compared to IEB (214.6 mmol CO2 kg-1 d-1 and 8.9 N kg-1 d-1, respectively) were suggested after modeling at 40 °C during 70'. Industrial bark was phytotoxic and treatments were effective for phytotoxicity removal. Industrial bark presented high air content but low water availability; treatments had no effect on bark physical properties and the use of demineralized water may have leached nutrient content. Results from pot experiment recommend the use of 25% (v v-1) of treated barks in future growing media formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chemetova
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - A Fabião
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Gominho
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Ribeiro
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
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18
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Awasthi SK, Wong JWC, Li J, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Kumar S, Awasthi MK. Evaluation of microbial dynamics during post-consumption food waste composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 251:181-188. [PMID: 29274858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of present study was to evaluate the efficacy of bacterial consortium to boost the microbial population and enzyme activities during post-consumption food waste (PCFWs) composting. Three treatments of PCFWs mixed with saw dust and 10% zeolite (dry weight basis) was design, where treatments T-2 and T-3 were applied with two distinctive bacterial consortium, respectively, while T-1 was served as control. The results showed that total aerobic proteolytic, amylolytic, cellulolytic, oil degrading and total aerobic bacteria populations were significantly higher in treatment T2 and T3 than T1. Consequently, the selected hydrolytic enzymes were also higher in T2 and T3 than T1, whose apparently gave the interesting information about rate of decomposition and end product stability. Furthermore, T2 and T3 showed significant correlations between the enzymatic activities and microbial population with other physico-chemical parameters. Based on germination assays and CO2-C evolution rate, T2 and T3 were considered phytotoxic free and highly stable final compost on day 56.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, Amicable Knowledge Solution University, Satna, India.
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19
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Bohacz J. Microbial strategies and biochemical activity during lignocellulosic waste composting in relation to the occurring biothermal phases. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 206:1052-1062. [PMID: 30029339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Typically, hardly-degradable lignocellulosic waste is a component or a co-component of the composted mass. The aim of the work was to present the dynamics and succession of microbial communities during small temperature changes, conditioned by the availability of lignocellulosic polymer and feather waste (the presence of N) in composts with qualitatively and quantitatively different lignocellulosic waste, but most of all, to draw attention to the previously not considered microbial strategies in the composted mass. Decomposition of lignocellulose during composting was similar to the priming effect in the soil, because it was associated with the successive occurrence of two groups of microorganisms. The first group of microorganisms, using easily accessible fraction of the lignocellulose complex, was named the first-strategist group, i.e., non-nutritionally specialized group of microorganisms. The second group, utilizing the hard-to-degrade fraction of lignocellulose, was named second-strategist microorganisms, i.e., nutritionally-specialized group of microorganisms. Biodegradation of the lignocellulose complex in compost I enriched with grass (42.86% pine bark, 34.28% grass, 20.0% sawdust and 2.86% chicken feathers) was faster than in compost II that did not contain any grass, but included more hardly degradable components (25.54% pine bark, 10.63% wheat straw, 51.07% sawdust, 12.76% chicken feathers). In compost I, a higher temperature in the thermophilic phase was recorded; larger amounts of non-specialized mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria in the first weeks of composting and a higher abundance of ligninolytic, xylanolytic fungi and cellulolytic bacteria were observed already in biothermal phase 3 with limited access to easily available C and energy sources. During this period, phosphatase, dehydrogenase and respiratory activities were higher in compost I than compost II. This work demonstrates that the succession of particular groups of microorganisms may help determine the start of biodegradation of recalcitrant ligninocellulosic components during composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Bohacz
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Laboratory of Mycology, 7 Leszczyńskiego Street, 20-069, Lublin, Poland.
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20
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Awasthi MK, Wang Q, Chen H, Awasthi SK, Wang M, Ren X, Zhao J, Zhang Z. Beneficial effect of mixture of additives amendment on enzymatic activities, organic matter degradation and humification during biosolids co-composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:138-146. [PMID: 28946087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the effect of mixture of additives to improve the enzymatic activities, organic matter humification and diminished the bioavailability of heavy metals (HMs) during biosolids co-composting. In this study, zeolite (Z) (10%, 15% and 30%) with 1%lime (L) (dry weight basis of biosolids) was blended into the mixture of biosolids and wheat straw, respectively. The without any amendment and 1%lime applied treatments were run for comparison (Control). The Z+L addition resulted rapid organic matter degradation and humification with maximum enzymatic activities. In addition, higher dosage of Z+1%L amendment reduced the bioavailability of HMs (Cu and Zn) and improved the end product quality as compared to control and 1%L applied treatments. However, the 30%Z+1%L applied treatment showed maximum humification and low bioavailability of HMs but considering the economic feasibility and compost quality results, the treatment with 10%Z+1%L is recommended for biosolids co-composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, Amicable Knowledge Solution University, Satna, India
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Meijing Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Xiuna Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Junchao Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
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21
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Zang X, Liu M, Wang H, Fan Y, Zhang H, Liu J, Xing E, Xu X, Li H. The distribution of active β-glucosidase-producing microbial communities in composting. Can J Microbiol 2017; 63:998-1008. [PMID: 28892642 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2017-0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The composting ecosystem is a suitable source for the discovery of novel microorganisms and secondary metabolites. Cellulose degradation is an important part of the global carbon cycle, and β-glucosidases complete the final step of cellulose hydrolysis by converting cellobiose to glucose. This work analyzes the succession of β-glucosidase-producing microbial communities that persist throughout cattle manure - rice straw composting, and evaluates their metabolic activities and community advantage during the various phases of composting. Fungal and bacterial β-glucosidase genes belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 1 and 3 (GH1 and GH3) amplified from DNA were classified and gene abundance levels were analyzed. The major reservoirs of β-glucosidase genes were the fungal phylum Ascomycota and the bacterial phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Deinococcus-Thermus. This indicates that a diverse microbial community utilizes cellobiose. The succession of dominant bacteria was also detected during composting. Firmicutes was the dominant bacteria in the thermophilic phase of composting; there was a shift to Actinomycetes in the maturing stage. Proteobacteria accounted for the highest proportions during the heating and thermophilic phases of composting. By contrast, the fungal phylum Ascomycota was a minor microbial community constituent in thermophilic phase of composting. Combined with the analysis of the temperature, cellulose degradation rate and the carboxymethyl cellulase and β-glucosidase activities showed that the bacterial GH1 family β-glucosidase genes make greater contribution in cellulose degradation at the later thermophilic stage of composting. In summary, even GH1 bacteria families β-glucosidase genes showing low abundance in DNA may be functionally important in the later thermophilic phase of composting. The results indicate that a complex community of bacteria and fungi expresses β-glucosidases in compost. Several β-glucosidase-producing bacteria and fungi identified in this study may represent potential indicators of composting in cellulose degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Zang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiting Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihong Fan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichang Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Enlu Xing
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuhong Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
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22
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Onwosi CO, Igbokwe VC, Odimba JN, Eke IE, Nwankwoala MO, Iroh IN, Ezeogu LI. Composting technology in waste stabilization: On the methods, challenges and future prospects. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 190:140-157. [PMID: 28040590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Composting technology has become invaluable in stabilization of municipal waste due to its environmental compatibility. In this review, different types of composting methods reportedly applied in waste management were explored. Further to that, the major factors such as temperature, pH, C/N ratio, moisture, particle size that have been considered relevant in the monitoring of the composting process were elucidated. Relevant strategies to improve and optimize process effectiveness were also addressed. However, during composting, some challenges such as leachate generation, gas emission and lack of uniformity in assessing maturity indices are imminent. Here in, these challenges were properly addressed and some strategies towards ameliorating them were proffered. Finally, we highlighted some recent technologies that could improve composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwudi O Onwosi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Victor C Igbokwe
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Joyce N Odimba
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeanyichukwu E Eke
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Mary O Nwankwoala
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ikemdinachi N Iroh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Lewis I Ezeogu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Santos C, Fonseca J, Aires A, Coutinho J, Trindade H. Effect of different rates of spent coffee grounds (SCG) on composting process, gaseous emissions and quality of end-product. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 59:37-47. [PMID: 28340969 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of spent coffee grounds (SCG) in composting for organic farming is a viable way of valorising these agro-industrial residues. In the present study, four treatments with different amounts of spent coffee grounds (SCG) were established, namely, C0 (Control), C10, C20 and C40, containing 0, 10, 20 and 40% of SCG (DM), respectively; and their effects on the composting process and the end-product quality characteristics were evaluated. The mixtures were completed with Acacia dealbata L. shoots and wheat straw. At different time intervals during composting, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were measured and selected physicochemical characteristics of the composts were evaluated. During the composting process, all treatments showed a substantial decrease in total phenolics and total tannins, and an important increase in gallic acid. Emissions of greenhouse gases were very low and no significant difference between the treatments was registered. The results indicated that SCG may be successfully composted in all proportions. However C40, was the treatment which combined better conditions of composting, lower GHG emissions and better quality of end product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Santos
- CITAB Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - João Fonseca
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Aires
- CITAB Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Coutinho
- Chemistry Centre, Department of Soil Science, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Henrique Trindade
- CITAB Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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24
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Zhang H, Li G, Gu J, Wang G, Li Y, Zhang D. Influence of aeration on volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) and NH 3 emissions during aerobic composting of kitchen waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 58:369-375. [PMID: 27595496 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of aeration on volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) and ammonia (NH3) emissions during kitchen waste composting. Aerobic composting of kitchen waste and cornstalks was conducted at a ratio of 85:15 (wet weight basis) in 60L reactors for 30days. The gas emissions were analyzed with force aeration at rates of 0.1 (A1), 0.2 (A2) and 0.3 (A3) L (kgDMmin)-1, respectively. Results showed that VSCs emission at the low aeration rate (A1) was more significant than that at other two rates (i.e., A2 and A3 treatment), where no considerable emission difference was observed. On the other hand, NH3 emission reduced as the aeration rate decreased. It is noteworthy that the aeration rate did not significantly affect the compost quality. These results suggest that the aeration rate of 0.2L (kgDMmin)-1 may be applied to control VSCs and NH3 emissions during kitchen waste composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; Beijing Building Materials Academy of Science Research/State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Material, Beijing 100041, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Jun Gu
- Beijing Building Materials Academy of Science Research/State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Material, Beijing 100041, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Research Institute, Beijing 100028, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Difang Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
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25
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Moharana PC, Biswas DR. Assessment of maturity indices of rock phosphate enriched composts using variable crop residues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 222:1-13. [PMID: 27697732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to asses maturity indices of rock phosphate enriched composts using crop residues having variable C/N ratios. There were distinct differences in concentration of NH4+-N, NO3--N, Olsen-P and NH4OAc-K for composts generated from different crop residues, the highest being in rice straw. Water soluble P varied from 3.47-4.45% of total P, while citrate soluble P varied from 32.7-54.0% of total P. Rice straw composts showed lower C/N, WSC/Org-N and E4/E6 ratio and higher germination index indicating that they are well-matured and stabilized compost. The relative order of performance of crop residues in aggrading compost quality was chickpea stover>rice straw>mustard stover>wheat straw>tree leaves. The results demonstrated that all the enriched composts had higher contents of available nutrients and quality indices, indicating that enriched composts could be used to substitute costly chemical fertilizers for crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Moharana
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - D R Biswas
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
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Brito LM, Mourão I, Coutinho J, Smith SR. Co-composting of invasive Acacia longifolia with pine bark for horticultural use. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:1632-1642. [PMID: 25559143 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.1002863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of commercial-scale co-composting of waste biomass from the control of invasive Acacia species with pine bark waste from the lumber industry, in a blend ratio of 60:40 (v:v), was investigated and compared with previous research on the composting of Acacia without additional feedstock, to determine the potential process and end-product quality benefits of co-composting with bark. Pile temperatures rose rapidly to >70 °C and were maintained at >60 °C for several months. Acacia and bark biomass contained a large fraction of mineralizable organic matter (OM) equivalent to approximately 600 g kg(-1) of initial OM. Bark was more recalcitrant to biodegradation compared with Acacia, which degraded at twice the rate of bark. Therefore, incorporating the bark increased the final amount of compost produced compared with composting Acacia residues without bark. The relatively high C/N ratio of the composting matrix (C/N=56) and NH3 volatilization explained the limited increases in NH4+-N content, whereas concentrations of conservative nutrient elements (e.g. P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe) increased in proportion to OM mineralization, enriching the compost as a nutrient source for horticultural use. Nitrogen concentrations also increased to a small extent, but were much more dynamic and losses, probably associated with N volatilization mechanisms, were difficult to actively control. The physicochemical characteristics of the stabilized end-product, such as pH, electrical conductivity and OM content, were improved with the addition of bark to Acacia biomass, and the final compost characteristics were suitable for use for soil improvement and also as horticultural substrate components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Brito
- a Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Escola Superior Agrária , Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo , Refóios, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima , Portugal
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27
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Microbiota Dynamics Associated with Environmental Conditions and Potential Roles of Cellulolytic Communities in Traditional Chinese Cereal Starter Solid-State Fermentation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:5144-56. [PMID: 26002897 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01325-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese solid-state fermented cereal starters contain highly complex microbial communities and enzymes. Very little is known, however, about the microbial dynamics related to environmental conditions, and cellulolytic communities have never been proposed to exist during cereal starter fermentation. In this study, we performed Illumina MiSeq sequencing combined with PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to investigate microbiota, coupled with clone library construction to trace cellulolytic communities in both fermentation stages. A succession of microbial assemblages was observed during the fermentation of starters. Lactobacillales and Saccharomycetales dominated the initial stages, with a continuous decline in relative abundance. However, thermotolerant and drought-resistant Bacillales, Eurotiales, and Mucorales were considerably accelerated during the heating stages, and these organisms dominated until the end of fermentation. Enterobacteriales were consistently ubiquitous throughout the process. For the cellulolytic communities, only the genera Sanguibacter, Beutenbergia, Agrobacterium, and Erwinia dominated the initial fermentation stages. In contrast, stages at high incubation temperature induced the appearance and dominance of Bacillus, Aspergillus, and Mucor. The enzymatic dynamics of amylase and glucoamylase also showed a similar trend, with the activities clearly increased in the first 7 days and subsequently decreased until the end of fermentation. Furthermore, β-glucosidase activity continuously and significantly increased during the fermentation process. Evidently, cellulolytic potential can adapt to environmental conditions by changes in the community structure during the fermentation of starters.
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Onursal E, Ekinci K. Co-composting of rose oil processing waste with caged layer manure and straw or sawdust: effects of carbon source and C/N ratio on decomposition. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2015; 33:332-338. [PMID: 25784689 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x15574560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rose oil is a specific essential oil that is produced mainly for the cosmetics industry in a few selected locations around the world. Rose oil production is a water distillation process from petals of Rosa damascena Mill. Since the oil content of the rose petals of this variety is between 0.3-0.4% (w/w), almost 4000 to 3000 kg of rose petals are needed to produce 1 kg of rose oil. Rose oil production is a seasonal activity and takes place during the relatively short period where the roses are blooming. As a result, large quantities of solid waste are produced over a limited time interval. This research aims: (i) to determine the possibilities of aerobic co-composting as a waste management option for rose oil processing waste with caged layer manure; (ii) to identify effects of different carbon sources - straw or sawdust on co-composting of rose oil processing waste and caged layer manure, which are both readily available in Isparta, where significant rose oil production also takes place; (iii) to determine the effects of different C/N ratios on co-composting by the means of organic matter decomposition and dry matter loss. Composting experiments were carried out by 12 identical laboratory-scale composting reactors (60 L) simultaneously. The results of the study showed that the best results were obtained with a mixture consisting of 50% rose oil processing waste, 64% caged layer manure and 15% straw wet weight in terms of organic matter loss (66%) and dry matter loss (38%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Onursal
- Department of Agricultural Machinery, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Kamil Ekinci
- Department of Agricultural Machinery, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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29
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Awasthi MK, Pandey AK, Bundela PS, Khan J. Co-composting of organic fraction of municipal solid waste mixed with different bulking waste: characterization of physicochemical parameters and microbial enzymatic dynamic. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 182:200-207. [PMID: 25698412 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of various bulking waste such as wood shaving, agricultural and yard trimming waste combined with organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) composting was investigated through assessing their influence on microbial enzymatic activities and quality of finished compost. All three piles of OFMSW with different bulking waste were inoculated with microbial consortium. The results revealed that OFMSW combined with wood shaving and microbial consortium (Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were helpful tool to facilitate the enzymatic activity and shortened composting period within 4 weeks. Maximum enzymatic activity were observed in pile 1 and 3 during the first 3 weeks, while in pile 2 relatively very low. But phosphatase activity was relatively higher in all piles until the end of the process. Maturity parameters of compost quality also favored the pile 1 as the best formulation for OFMSW composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Amicable Knowledge Solution University, Satna, India; Regional Office, Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board, Jabalpur, India; Mycological Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, India.
| | | | | | - Jamaluddin Khan
- Mycological Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, India
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30
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Jurado MM, Suárez-Estrella F, Vargas-García MC, López MJ, López-González JA, Moreno J. Evolution of enzymatic activities and carbon fractions throughout composting of plant waste. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 133:355-64. [PMID: 24412984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Many alternatives for the proper disposal of horticultural plant wastes have been studied, and composting is one of the most attractive due to its insignificant environmental impact and low cost. The quality of compost for agronomical use is related to the degree of organic matter maturation and stabilization. Traditional parameters as well as temperature, ratio C/N, cationic exchange capacity, extractable carbon, or evolution of humificated substances have been successfully used to assess compost maturity and stability. However, microorganisms frequently isolated during composting release a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes, whose activity could apparently give interesting information on the rate of decomposition of organic matter and, therefore, on the product stability. The aim of this work was to study the evolution of some important enzymatic activities during composting of agricultural wastes and their comparison with other chemical parameters commonly employed as quality and maturity indexes, to establish a relationship between the degradation intensity of specific organic carbon fractions throughout the process. In this work, the chemical and biochemical parameters of plant wastes were studied along a composting process of 189 days to evaluate their importance as tools for compost characterization. Results showed an intense enzymatic activity during the first 2-3 weeks of composting (bio-oxidative phase), because of the availability of easily decomposable organic compounds. From a biological point of view, a less intense phase was observed between second and third month of composting (mesophilic or cooling phase). Finally, chemical humification parameters were more closely associated with the period between 119 and 189 days (maturation phase). Significant correlations between the enzymatic activities as well as between enzyme activities and other more traditional parameters were also highlighted, indicating that both kind of indexes can be a reliable tool to determine the degree of stability and maturation of horticultural plant wastes based-compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Jurado
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - F Suárez-Estrella
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - M C Vargas-García
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M J López
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - J A López-González
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - J Moreno
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, 04120 Almería, Spain
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31
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Barje F, El Fels L, El Hajjouji H, Winterton P, Hafidi M. Biodegradation of organic compounds during co-composting of olive oil mill waste and municipal solid waste with added rock phosphate. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:2965-2975. [PMID: 24617055 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.796009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Liquid and solid olive oil mill waste was treated by com posting in a mixture with the organic part of municipal solid waste and rock phosphate. The transformations that occurred during the process were evaluated by physical, chemical and spectroscopic analyses. After five months of com posting, the final compost presented a C/N ratio under 20, an NH4+/NO3(-)] ratio under 1 and a pH around neutral. A high level of organic matter decomposition paralleled a notable abatement of phenols and lipids. The results show the effective dissolution of mineral elements during composting. This transformation was followed by Fourier transform infrared which showed a decrease in the absorption bands of aliphatic bonds (2925 and 2855 cm(-1)) and carbonyls of carboxylic origin (1740 cm (-1)). In addition to the increase in humic substances and the improvement of germination indices, the parameters studied confirm the stability and the maturity of the composts. The absence of phytotoxicity opens the way to agricultural spreading.
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32
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Li H, Xu X, Chen H, Zhang Y, Xu J, Wang J, Lu X. Molecular analyses of the functional microbial community in composting by PCR-DGGE targeting the genes of the β-glucosidase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 134:51-8. [PMID: 23500559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the β-glucosidase-producing microbial communities and the enzymatic dynamics of CMCase and β-glucosidase during the process of cattle manure-rice straw composting. In order to analyze the succession of functional community by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGEs), three sets of PCR primers were designed to amplify the family 1 and 3 β-glucosidase genes from both bacteria and fungi. The results showed in general that the stable functional community composition as well as for the high level enzymatic activities of both cellulase and β-glucosidase occurred during the last phase (days 14-31) of composting. In the process of composting, that functional groups were determined by the stable bands (GH1-F, GH1-H, GH1-G, GH3E-D and GH3E-E) may significantly contribute to the increase of β-glucosidase activities in the later phase. Especially, the bands from the family 1 β-glucosidase genes were appeared before that from the family 3 β-glucosidase genes from fungi, then the former was substituted for the latter gradually in the cooling phase. We found significant correlations between the β-glucosidase activity and the communities of the functional bacteria and fungi. The results indicated that different β-glucosidase-producing microbe release different amounts or activities of β-glucosidase, and that the composition of microbial communities may play a major role in determining overall β-glucosidase activity during the composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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33
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Corrêa EK, Ulguim RR, Corrêa LB, Castilhos DD, Bianchi I, Gil-Turnes C, Lucia T. Addition of Bacillus sp. inoculums in bedding for swine on a pilot scale: effect on microbial population and bedding temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 121:127-130. [PMID: 22858476 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Thermal and microbiological characteristics of beddings for swine were compared according to their depth and of addition of inoculums. Bedding was added to boxes at 0.25 (25D) and 0.50 m (50D), with three treatments: control (no inoculums); T1, with 250 g of Bacillus cereus var. toyoii at 8.4 × 10(7) CFU; and T2, with 250 g of a pool of B. subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus polymyxa at 8.4 × 10(7) CFU (250 g for 25D and 500 g for 50D). Mean temperatures were 28.5 ± 3.9 at the surface and 35.2 ± 8.9 inside the beddings. The most probable number (MPN) of thermophilic bacteria was higher for T1 and T2 than for the control (P<0.05). The MPN of thermophilic bacteria and fungi was greater for D50 than for D25 (P<0.05). The use of 25D without inoculums is recommended due to the reduction of thermophilic microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Corrêa
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Effect of Spent Air Reusing (SAR) on Maturity and Greenhouse Gas Emissions during Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Composting-with Different Pile Height. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Adams JDW, Umapathy D. Investigating microbial activities during a starch-amended co-composting process at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2011; 33:1817-1823. [PMID: 22439569 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2011.557399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the use of functional microbial ecological techniques in detailing processes during composting. Using starch as an amendment for a co-composting process, small-scale individual mesocosms were investigated at two temperatures, 30 degrees C and 60 degrees C, over a five-week period. In order to determine the more exact processes occurring during degradation, extracellular enzyme analysis (EEA) and community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) were used. The EEA demonstrated that, although assay temperature effects were present, no significant difference between the two in situ composting temperatures was observed for the two enzyme substrates, alpha- and beta-glucosidase, used. The CLPP profiling was only performed on the 30 degrees C compost samples. These analyses indicated a dynamic, but broadly predictable, environment, suggesting that the use of this approach may be further applicable to these types of study. By investigating both total dry and organic weights, no difference in organic matter degradation between the two temperatures was observed. These results showed that either starch degradation acted independently of temperature or compensatory effects occurred. The former hypothesis was supported by a second experiment investigating starch degradation at both temperatures with appropriate negative controls. Trying to reconcile the EEA results with the changes in total matter was difficult without making speculative assumptions. The study highlights the need to further develop and evaluate these microbial ecological techniques to address such problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D W Adams
- Environmental Technologies Centre for Industrial Collaboration and Department of Geography, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
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36
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Liu D, Zhang R, Wu H, Xu D, Tang Z, Yu G, Xu Z, Shen Q. Changes in biochemical and microbiological parameters during the period of rapid composting of dairy manure with rice chaff. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:9040-9049. [PMID: 21835612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Various parameters were measured during the period of composting of dairy manure and rice chaff in different ratios (dairy manure/rice chaff=V/V, pile 1: 75/25; pile 2: 80/20; pile 3: 85/15) to evaluate their suitability as indicators for the composting process. The temperature in pile 1 increased rapidly and remained above 60 °C for 30 days, while the temperature in pile 3 increased slowly relative to the other two piles. Furthermore, the degradation of organic substrates, as indicated by the reduction of C/N ratio, was rapid in pile 1 (below 20% 28 days after beginning of the composting). The major fluctuations of various water-soluble fractions in all piles were observed during the first 3 weeks, and the results in general showed that the highest microbial populations and enzymatic activities also appeared in this phase. Various parameters indicated that the rapid composting method was a feasible one for treating agricultural wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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37
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Zhang H, Matsuto T. Mass and element balance in food waste composting facilities. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2010; 30:1477-1485. [PMID: 20236815 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The mass and element balance in municipal solid waste composting facilities that handle food waste was studied. Material samples from the facilities were analyzed for moisture, ash, carbon, nitrogen, and the oxygen consumption of compost and bulking material was determined. Three different processes were used in the food waste composting facilities: standard in-vessel composting, drying, and stand-alone composting machine. Satisfactory results were obtained for the input/output ash balance despite several assumptions made concerning the quantities involved. The carbon/nitrogen ratio and oxygen consumption values for compost derived only from food waste were estimated by excluding the contribution of the bulking material remaining in the compost product. These estimates seemed to be suitable indices for the biological stability of compost because there was a good correlation between them, and because the values seemed logical given the operating conditions at the facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhang
- Lab. of Solid Waste Disposal Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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38
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Vargas-García MC, Suárez-Estrella F, López MJ, Moreno J. Microbial population dynamics and enzyme activities in composting processes with different starting materials. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2010; 30:771-8. [PMID: 20096556 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A biological comparison based on differences in the starting material for composting processes was made. Mesophilic aerobic microbiota, fungi, actinomycetes and hemicellulolytic microorganisms reached significantly higher levels in the MSW final product. The population of cellulolytic microorganisms did not show a clear trend, although it was more numerous in the HW piles. Counts for N(2)-fixing and ammonifying bacteria were significantly higher in the SS pile at the early stages of the process, while populations tended to become equal as time progressed. The lowest populations were detected for nitrifying bacteria, with higher but not always significant levels for the SS pile. beta-Glucosidase and phosphatase activities were higher in the SS pile at the early stages. Protease reached its maximum activity during the bio-oxidative phase and final stages in the HW and MSW piles, respectively. Dehydrogenase activity, with an occasional high level for the MSW at the beginning of the process, was almost inexistent since the end of the bio-oxidative phase. On the contrary, urease showed higher levels at the final stage of the process, with the MSW pile showing the greatest levels most of the time. According to these results, the nature of the starting material causes differences in biological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Vargas-García
- Unidad de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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Xiao Y, Zeng GM, Yang ZH, Shi WJ, Huang C, Fan CZ, Xu ZY. Continuous thermophilic composting (CTC) for rapid biodegradation and maturation of organic municipal solid waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:4807-4813. [PMID: 19487122 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fewer and fewer municipal solid wastes are treated by composting in China because of the disadvantages of enormous investment, long processing cycle and unstable products in a conventional composting treatment. In this study, a continuous thermophilic composting (CTC) method, only a thermophilic phase within the process, has been applied to four bench-scale composting runs, and further compared with a conventional composting run by assessing the indexes of pH, total organic carbon (TOC), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), C/N ratio, germination index (GI), specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dehydrogenase activity. After composting for 14 days, 16 days, 18 days and 19 days in the four CTC runs, respectively, mature compost products were obtained, with quality similar to or better than which had been stabilized for 28 days in run A. The products from the CTC runs also showed favorable stability in room temperature environment after the short-term composting at high temperature. The study suggested CTC as a novel method for rapid degradation and maturation of organic municipal solid wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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40
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Chroni C, Kyriacou A, Manios T, Lasaridi KE. Investigation of the microbial community structure and activity as indicators of compost stability and composting process evolution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:3745-3750. [PMID: 19136252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 12/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In a bid to identify suitable microbial indicators of compost stability, the process evolution during windrow composting of poultry manure (PM), green waste (GW) and biowaste was studied. Treatments were monitored with regard to abiotic factors, respiration activity (determined using the SOUR test) and functional microflora. The composting process went through typical changes in temperature, moisture content and microbial properties, despite the inherent feedstock differences. Nitrobacter and pathogen indicators varied as a monotonous function of processing time. Some microbial groups have shown a potential to serve as fingerprints of the different process stages, but still they should be examined in context with respirometric tests and abiotic parameters. Respiration activity reflected well the process stage, verifying the value of respirometric tests to access compost stability. SOUR values below 1 mg O(2)/g VS/h were achieved for the PM and the GW compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Chroni
- Department of Geography, Harokopio University, El. Venizelou, 176 71, Kallithea, Athens, Greece
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Silva ME, Lemos LT, Cunha-Queda AC, Nunes OC. Co-composting of poultry manure with low quantities of carbon-rich materials. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2009; 27:119-128. [PMID: 19244411 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x08096693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To study the feasibility of co-composting poultry manure with low quantities of high-value, carbon-rich materials experiments to characterize three pilot-scale piles were carried out. The piles comprised poultry manure (pile 1), poultry manure and straw (pile 2) and poultry manure and sawdust (pile 3), using wood chips as bulking agent. Pile 1 presented the highest losses of organic matter and nitrogen contents (> or = 92.9% and 92.0%, respectively). Although a thermophilic phase (temperature > 40 degrees C) was not verified for this pile, the final compost was stable (class IV) and free of pathogen indicator micro-organisms but it was the most phytotoxic, and presented a humic and fulvic acids ratio (HA/FA) that was less than 1. In contrast, piles 2 and 3 sustained thermophilic phases and produced stable (class V) and mature (HA/FA > 1) composts. Pile 2 showed the lowest loss in nitrogen content (88.9%) and produced the final compost with the highest C/N ratio (14.7) and the lowest value of electrical conductivity (3.9 mS cm(-1)). This study showed that it is possible to reduce the costs of poultry manure composting, namely the costs associated with the use of carbon-rich materials, given that the final co-composts presented parameters within the range of those recommended by the Second Draft Proposal for compost quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Silva
- Departamento de Ambiente, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Viseu, Campus Politécnico, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
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