1
|
Liu F, Moustafa H, El-Din Hassouna MS, He Z. Resource recovery from wastewater can be an application niche of microbial desalination cells. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 142:105855. [PMID: 32559559 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) have been studied as an emerging technology to accomplish simultaneous wastewater treatment and saline water desalination. A good amount of effort has been invested to understand fundamental problems and develop functional systems of the MDC technology. However, a revisit of MDCs' desalination function reveals that the unique requirements like co-location of wastewater and saline water will greatly limit the application of this technology. In addition, the relatively low desalination rate of MDCs will result in a large reactor size and thus higher capital cost. Because of the need for wastewater (as a substrate for electricity generation), the MDC technology may have a promising niche of application for resource recovery from wastewater. A proper design of MDCs will allow the current-driven separation of ammonia, phosphorus, and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from wastewater for further recovery. Based on the literature data, we conduct a case study analysis of mass flow for MDC-based resource recovery and demonstrate the potential of this function. Resource recovery can be a new function of interest to MDCs and worth further exploration of its technical and economic feasibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fubin Liu
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Hanan Moustafa
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | | | - Zhen He
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Enhancement of targeted microalgae species growth using aquaculture sludge extracts. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04556. [PMID: 32775725 PMCID: PMC7394872 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural growth-promoting nutrients extracted from aquaculture sludge waste can be used to maximise microalgal growth. This study identified the influence of aquaculture sludge extract (SE) on four microalgae species. Conway or Bold's Basal Media (BBM) was supplemented with SE collected from a Sabak Bernam shrimp pond (SB) and Kota Puteri fish pond (KP), and tested using a novel microplate-incubation technique. Five different autoclave extraction treatment parameters were assessed for both collected SE, i.e., 1-h at 105 °C, 2-h at 105 °C, 1-h at 121 °C, 2-h at 121 °C, and 24-h at room temperature (natural extraction). Microalgae culture in the microplates containing control (media) and enriched (media + SE) samples were incubated for nine days, at 25 °C with the light intensity of 33.75 μmol photons m−2 s−1 at 12-h light/dark cycle. The total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) in KP SE were 44.0–82.0 mg L−1 and 0.96–8.60 mg L−1. TDN (8.0%–515.0%) and TDP (105%–186 %) were relatively higher in KP SE compared to SB SE. The growth of microalgae species Nannochloropsis ocenica showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the five extraction treatments from SB and the control. However, Chlorella vulgaris, Neochloris conjuncta, and Nephroclamys subsolitaria showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in SB SE. N. ocenica, C. vulgaris, and N. conjuncta showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between five extraction treatments from KP and the control while N. subsolitaria showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). The specific growth rate (SGR) in the exponential phase of all microalgae species were relatively higher in SB SE compared to KP SE. While the organic matter content of KP SE was relatively higher, there were no significant differences in microalgae growth compared to SB SE. Nonetheless, modified SE did influence microalgae growth compared to the control. This study shows that modified SE could be used as enrichment media for microalgae cultivation.
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohseni A, Kube M, Fan L, Roddick FA. Potential of Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis salina for nutrient and organic matter removal from municipal wastewater reverse osmosis concentrate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:26905-26914. [PMID: 32382902 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) poses health and environmental risks on its disposal as it contains nutrients and harmful organic compounds at elevated concentrations. This study compared a freshwater microalga Chlorella vulgaris and a marine microalga Nannochloropsis salina in suspended and alginate-immobilised cultures for batch and semi-continuous treatment of the ROC. The immobilised algae gave comparable nutrient removal rates to the suspended cells, demonstrating immobilisation had no apparent negative impact on the photosynthetic activity of microalgae. Semi-continuous algal treatment illustrated that the microalgae could remove significant amounts of nutrients (> 50% and > 80% for TN and TP, respectively), predominantly through algal uptake (> 90%), within a short period (48 h) and generate 335-360 mg DCW L-1 d-1 of algal biomass. The treatment also removed a significant amount of organic matter (12.7-13.3 mg DOC L-1 d-1), primarily (> 65%) through the biotic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Mohseni
- WETT Research Centre, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Kube
- WETT Research Centre, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Linhua Fan
- WETT Research Centre, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Felicity A Roddick
- WETT Research Centre, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pizzera A, Scaglione D, Bellucci M, Marazzi F, Mezzanotte V, Parati K, Ficara E. Digestate treatment with algae-bacteria consortia: A field pilot-scale experimentation in a sub-optimal climate area. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 274:232-243. [PMID: 30513411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper addresses the efficiency of a microalgae-based agricultural digestate treatment at pilot-scale in an outdoor raceway pond (880 L, pH-dependent CO2 dosage) and in a bubble column (74.5 L, air-bubbling). Specifically, nitrogen removal, evolution of the algae-bacteria consortium, and the actual process applicability in the Po Valley climate are discussed. The performance of the two reactors varied seasonally. The average algal productivity in the raceway was 32.4 ± 33.1 mg TSS·L-1·d-1 (8.2 ± 8.5 g TSS·m-2·d-1) while in the PBR it was 25.6 ± 26.8 mg TSS·L-1·d-1; the average nitrogen removal was 20 ± 29% (maximum 78%) and 22 ± 29% (maximum 71%) in the raceway and in the column, respectively. Nevertheless, nitrification had a key role as 61 ± 24% and 52 ± 32% of the nitrogen load was oxidized in the raceway and in the column, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Pizzera
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D Scaglione
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Bellucci
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Marazzi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Bicocca, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - V Mezzanotte
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Bicocca, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - K Parati
- Istituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani, Località La Quercia, Cremona, Rivolta d'Adda, Italy
| | - E Ficara
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Suboptimal Temperature Acclimation Affects Kennedy Pathway Gene Expression, Lipidome and Metabolite Profile of Nannochloropsis salina during PUFA Enriched TAG Synthesis. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16110425. [PMID: 30388843 PMCID: PMC6266265 DOI: 10.3390/md16110425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are involved in therapeutic processes such as prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, neuropsychiatric disorders, and dementia. We examined the physiology, PUFA accumulation and glycerol lipid biosynthesis in the marine microalga Nannochloropsis salina in response to constant suboptimal temperature (<20 °C). As expected, N. salina exhibited significantly reduced growth rate and photosynthetic activity compared to optimal cultivation temperature. Total fatty acid contents were not significantly elevated at reduced temperatures. Cultures grown at 5 °C had the highest quantity of eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) (C20:5n3) and the lowest growth rate. Additionally, we monitored broadband lipid composition to model the occurrence of metabolic alteration and remodeling for various lipid pools. We focused on triacylglycerol (TAG) with elevated PUFA content. TAGs with EPA at all three acyl positions were higher at a cultivation temperature of 15 °C. Furthermore, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol, which are polar lipids associated with chloroplast membranes, decreased with reduced cultivation temperatures. Moreover, gene expression analysis of key genes involved in Kennedy pathway for de novo TAG biosynthesis revealed bimodal variations in transcript level amongst the temperature treatments. Collectively, these results show that Nannochloropsis salina is a promising source of PUFA containing lipids.
Collapse
|
6
|
Koutra E, Economou CN, Tsafrakidou P, Kornaros M. Bio-Based Products from Microalgae Cultivated in Digestates. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:819-833. [PMID: 29605178 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years the increasing demand for food, energy, and valuable chemicals has necessitated research and development on renewable, novel, and sustainable sources. Microalgae represent a promising option to produce various products with environmentally friendly applications. However, several challenges must be overcome to reduce production cost. To this end, using effluents from biogas production units, called digestates, in cultivation systems can help to optimize bioprocesses, and several bioproducts including biofuels, biofertilizers, proteins and valuable chemicals can be obtained. Nevertheless, several parameters, including the productivity and quality of biomass and specific target products, downstream processes, and cost-effectiveness, must be improved. Further investigations will be necessary to take full advantage of the produced biomass and effectively upscale the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Koutra
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Christina N Economou
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiota Tsafrakidou
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang L, Zhang L, Nie C, Pei H. Lipid productivity in limnetic Chlorella is doubled by seawater added with anaerobically digested effluent from kitchen waste. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:68. [PMID: 29563971 PMCID: PMC5851330 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An economical strategy for producing microalgae as biofuel feedstock is driven by the freshwater and nutrients input. In this study, seawater was applied to limnetic algal cultivation and the behavior of algae in seawater media was observed including growth, lipid synthesis, and ultrastructure. To make seawater cater algae, a kind of wastewater, anaerobically digested effluent from kitchen waste (ADE-KW), was used as nutrient sources. RESULTS Pure seawater cannot support the growth demand of freshwater microalga, due to high salinity and lack of nutrients. However, it is the conditions triggered the algae to synthesize lipids of 60%, double of lipid content in standard medium BG11. Introducing 3 or 5% ADE-KW (volume percentage) into seawater made algal growth reach the level attained in BG11, while lipid content compared favourably with the level (60%) in pure seawater. This method achieved the goal of fast growth and lipid accumulation simultaneously with the highest lipid productivity (19 mg/L day) at the exponential stage, while BG11 obtained 10.55 mg/L day at the stationary stage as the highest lipid productivity, almost half of that in seawater media. Moreover, the condition for highest lipid productivity enlarged algal cells compared to BG11. Under the condition for highest lipid productivity, Chlorella sorokiniana SDEC-18 had enlarged cells and increased settling efficiency compared to BG11, which facilitated harvest in an energy saving way. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that combining seawater with ADE-KW to cultivate microalgae had a double function: nutrients and water for algal growth, and high salinity for stimulating lipid accumulation. If this technology was operated in practice, freshwater and non-waste nutrient consumption would be completely obviated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Changliang Nie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan, 250100 China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Centre on Environmental Science and Technology, No. 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250061 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pérez L, Salgueiro JL, González J, Parralejo AI, Maceiras R, Cancela Á. Scaled up from indoor to outdoor cultures of Chaetoceros gracilis and Skeletonema costatum microalgae for biomass and oil production. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
9
|
Mayers JJ, Ekman Nilsson A, Albers E, Flynn KJ. Nutrients from anaerobic digestion effluents for cultivation of the microalga Nannochloropsis sp. — Impact on growth, biochemical composition and the potential for cost and environmental impact savings. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
10
|
Jin X, Li X, Zhao N, Angelidaki I, Zhang Y. Bio-electrolytic sensor for rapid monitoring of volatile fatty acids in anaerobic digestion process. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 111:74-80. [PMID: 28049049 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study presents an innovative biosensor that was developed on the basis of a microbial electrolysis cell for fast and reliable measurement of volatile fatty acids (VFA) during anaerobic digestion (AD) process. The bio-electrolytic sensor was first tested with synthetic wastewater containing varying concentrations of VFA. A linear correlation (R2 = 0.99) between current densities (0.03 ± 0.01 to 2.43 ± 0.12 A/m2) and VFA concentrations (5-100 mM) was found. The sensor performance was then investigated under different affecting parameters such as the external voltage, VFA composition ratio, and ionic strength. Linear relationship between the current density and VFA concentrations was always observed. Furthermore, the bio-electrolytic sensor proved ability to handle interruptions such as the presence of complex organic matter, anode exposure to oxygen and low pH. Finally, the sensor was applied to monitor VFA concentrations in a lab-scale AD reactor for a month. The VFA measurements from the sensor correlated well with those from GC analysis which proved the accuracy of the system. Since hydrogen was produced in the cathode as byproduct during monitoring, the system could be energy self-sufficient. Considering the high accuracy, short response time, long-term stability and additional benefit of H2 production, this bio-electrolytic sensor could be a simple and cost-effective method for VFA monitoring during AD and other anaerobic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdan Jin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xiaohu Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zuliani L, Frison N, Jelic A, Fatone F, Bolzonella D, Ballottari M. Microalgae Cultivation on Anaerobic Digestate of Municipal Wastewater, Sewage Sludge and Agro-Waste. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101692. [PMID: 27735859 PMCID: PMC5085724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are fast-growing photosynthetic organisms which have the potential to be exploited as an alternative source of liquid fuels to meet growing global energy demand. The cultivation of microalgae, however, still needs to be improved in order to reduce the cost of the biomass produced. Among the major costs encountered for algal cultivation are the costs for nutrients such as CO2, nitrogen and phosphorous. In this work, therefore, different microalgal strains were cultivated using as nutrient sources three different anaerobic digestates deriving from municipal wastewater, sewage sludge or agro-waste treatment plants. In particular, anaerobic digestates deriving from agro-waste or sewage sludge treatment induced a more than 300% increase in lipid production per volume in Chlorella vulgaris cultures grown in a closed photobioreactor, and a strong increase in carotenoid accumulation in different microalgae species. Conversely, a digestate originating from a pilot scale anaerobic upflow sludge blanket (UASB) was used to increase biomass production when added to an artificial nutrient-supplemented medium. The results herein demonstrate the possibility of improving biomass accumulation or lipid production using different anaerobic digestates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Zuliani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Nicola Frison
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Aleksandra Jelic
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fatone
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - David Bolzonella
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
He Q, Yang H, Hu C. Culture modes and financial evaluation of two oleaginous microalgae for biodiesel production in desert area with open raceway pond. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:571-9. [PMID: 27403859 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cultivation modes of autotrophic microalgae for biodiesel production utilizing open raceway pond were analyzed in this study. Five before screened good microalgae were tested their lipid productivity and biodiesel quality again in outdoor 1000L ORP. Then, Chlorella sp. L1 and Monoraphidium dybowskii Y2 were selected due to their stronger environmental adaptability, higher lipid productivity and better biodiesel properties. Further scale up cultivation for two species with batch and semi-continuous culture was conducted. In 40,000L ORP, higher lipid productivity (5.15 versus 4.06gm(-2)d(-1) for Chlorella sp. L1, 5.35 versus 3.00gm(-2)d(-1) for M. dybowskii Y2) was achieved in semi-continuous mode. Moreover, the financial costs of 14.18$gal(-1) and 13.31$gal(-1) for crude biodiesel in two microalgae with semi-continuous mode were more economically feasible for commercial production on large scale outdoors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoning He
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haijian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chunxiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang ZW, Xu F, Manchala KR, Sun Y, Li Y. Fractal-like kinetics of the solid-state anaerobic digestion. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 53:55-61. [PMID: 27132655 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Total solid content (TS) negatively impacts the methane production efficiency (MPE) of solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD), to which the classic mass action-based kinetics failed to provide a unified explanation. This study revealed that SS-AD reactions actually follow the fractal-like kinetics in light of the surface reactions in crowded SS-AD environment packed with heterogeneous media. The fractal characteristics of the SS-AD kinetics were found increasingly pronounced as TS increased. This study represents the first attempt to resolve the dilemma in SS-AD kinetics with the application of fractal theory. Employing this new concept allows explaining the reduced MPE at high TS and offers an easy assessment of the fractal characteristics of the SS-AD media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wu Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Occoquan Laboratory, 9408 Prince William Street, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Fuqing Xu
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Karthik R Manchala
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Occoquan Laboratory, 9408 Prince William Street, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Yewei Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Occoquan Laboratory, 9408 Prince William Street, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Yebo Li
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ma XN, Chen TP, Yang B, Liu J, Chen F. Lipid Production from Nannochloropsis. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14040061. [PMID: 27023568 PMCID: PMC4849066 DOI: 10.3390/md14040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are sunlight-driven green cell factories for the production of potential bioactive products and biofuels. Nannochloropsis represents a genus of marine microalgae with high photosynthetic efficiency and can convert carbon dioxide to storage lipids mainly in the form of triacylglycerols and to the ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Recently, Nannochloropsis has received ever-increasing interests of both research and public communities. This review aims to provide an overview of biology and biotechnological potential of Nannochloropsis, with the emphasis on lipid production. The path forward for the further exploration of Nannochloropsis for lipid production with respect to both challenges and opportunities is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nian Ma
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Tian-Peng Chen
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jin Liu
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Cheng J, Yang Z, Ye Q, Zhou J, Cen K. Improving CO2 fixation with microalgae by bubble breakage in raceway ponds with up-down chute baffles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 201:174-181. [PMID: 26642222 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aeration gas was broken into smaller bubbles with enhanced local solution velocity to improve CO2 fixation with microalgae in raceway ponds with up-down chute baffles. A high-speed photography system and online precise pH probes were used to measure bubble generation and residence times, which were affected by paddlewheel speed, aerator orifice diameter, gas flow rate, and solution depth. Bubble generation time (from gas reaching aerator orifice surface to completely escaping from the aerator) decreased because of the enhanced local solution velocity, whereas bubble residence time increased because of the vortex flow field produced by up-down chute baffles. Bubble generation time decreased by 27% and bubble residence time increased by 27% when paddlewheel speed was 10r/min with an aeration gas rate of 0.03vvm. The decreased generation time and increased residence time of aeration bubbles promoted microalgae biomass yield by 29% in optimized flow fields in raceway ponds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Zongbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kefa Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ledda C, Romero Villegas G, Adani F, Acién Fernández F, Molina Grima E. Utilization of centrate from wastewater treatment for the outdoor production of Nannochloropsis gaditana biomass at pilot-scale. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
18
|
Sheets JP, Yang L, Ge X, Wang Z, Li Y. Beyond land application: Emerging technologies for the treatment and reuse of anaerobically digested agricultural and food waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 44:94-115. [PMID: 26235446 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Effective treatment and reuse of the massive quantities of agricultural and food wastes generated daily has the potential to improve the sustainability of food production systems. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is used throughout the world as a waste treatment process to convert organic waste into two main products: biogas and nutrient-rich digestate, called AD effluent. Biogas can be used as a source of renewable energy or transportation fuels, while AD effluent is traditionally applied to land as a soil amendment. However, there are economic and environmental concerns that limit widespread land application, which may lead to underutilization of AD for the treatment of agricultural and food wastes. To combat these constraints, existing and novel methods have emerged to treat or reuse AD effluent. The objective of this review is to analyze several emerging methods used for efficient treatment and reuse of AD effluent. Overall, the application of emerging technologies is limited by AD effluent composition, especially the total solid content. Some technologies, such as composting, use the solid fraction of AD effluent, while most other technologies, such as algae culture and struvite crystallization, use the liquid fraction. Therefore, dewatering of AD effluent, reuse of the liquid and solid fractions, and land application could all be combined to sustainably manage the large quantities of AD effluent produced. Issues such as pathogen regrowth and prevalence of emerging organic micro-pollutants are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnathon P Sheets
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
| | - Liangcheng Yang
- Department of Health Sciences, Illinois State University, 324 Felmley Hall, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | - Xumeng Ge
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
| | - Zhiwu Wang
- The Ohio State University ATI, 1328 Dover Rd, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Yebo Li
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Racharaks R, Ge X, Li Y. Cultivation of marine microalgae using shale gas flowback water and anaerobic digestion effluent as the cultivation medium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 191:146-56. [PMID: 25989090 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The potential of shale gas flowback water and anaerobic digestion (AD) effluent to reduce the water and nutrient requirements for marine microalgae cultivation was evaluated with the following strains: Nannochloropsis salina, Dunaliella tertiolecta, and Dunaliella salina. N. salina and D. tertiolecta achieved the highest biomass productivity in the medium composed of flowback water and AD effluent (6% v/v). Growth in the above unsterilized medium was found to be comparable to that in sterilized commercial media with similar initial inorganic nitrogen concentrations, salinity, and pH levels. Specific growth rates of 0.293 and 0.349 day(-1) and average biomass productivities of 225 and 275 mg L(-1)day(-1) were obtained for N. salina and D. tertiolecta, respectively. The lipid content and fatty acid profile of both strains in the medium were also comparable to those obtained with commercial nutrients and salts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratanachat Racharaks
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
| | - Xumeng Ge
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
| | - Yebo Li
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cheng J, Yang Z, Huang Y, Huang L, Hu L, Xu D, Zhou J, Cen K. Improving growth rate of microalgae in a 1191m(2) raceway pond to fix CO2 from flue gas in a coal-fired power plant. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 190:235-241. [PMID: 25958147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CO2 fixation between microalgal biomass and culture solution and the weight ratio of biomass consumption at nighttime to biomass growth at daytime were compared in an open raceway pond aerated with flue gas from a coal-fired power plant. Average daytime sunlight intensity and solution temperature were optimized to improve microalgal growth rate and to enhance the efficiency of CO2 fixation. When the average daytime solution temperature increased from 12 to 26°C, the rate of biomass consumption due to microalgal respiration at nighttime increased from 6.0 to 7.9g/m(2)/d, which was approximately 25% of the biomass growth rate at daytime. Furthermore, when the average daytime sunlight intensity increased from 39,900 to 88,300lux, CO2 fixation rate in the microalgal biomass increased from 18.4 to 40.7g/m(2)/d, which was approximately 1/3 of CO2 removal rate from flue gas by the microalgal culture system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Zongbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Yantai Hairong Power Technology Company, Limited, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Lizuo Hu
- Yantai Hairong Power Technology Company, Limited, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Donghua Xu
- Yantai Hairong Power Technology Company, Limited, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kefa Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cheng J, Yang Z, Ye Q, Zhou J, Cen K. Enhanced flashing light effect with up-down chute baffles to improve microalgal growth in a raceway pond. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 190:29-35. [PMID: 25919934 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Novel up-down chute baffles that sequentially generate clockwise and anticlockwise liquid vortexes were developed to increase vertical liquid velocity between the bottom dark area and the top light area in a raceway pond. The vertical liquid velocity, mixing time, and mass transfer coefficient were measured as functions of paddlewheel speed and air aeration rate by using a particle imaging velocimeter, pH probes, and dissolved oxygen probes. The up-down chute baffles decreased the liquid mixing time and increased the mass transfer coefficient by 41% and 25%, respectively. Besides, the vertical liquid velocity increased from ∼0.5cm/s to ∼6.1cm/s. As a result, the dark-light cycle period was reduced to 1/12. This enhanced flashing light effect with up-down chute baffles increased biomass yield by 32.6% in the same raceway pond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Zongbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kefa Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Iijima H, Nakaya Y, Kuwahara A, Hirai MY, Osanai T. Seawater cultivation of freshwater cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 drastically alters amino acid composition and glycogen metabolism. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:326. [PMID: 25954257 PMCID: PMC4406197 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Water use assessment is important for bioproduction using cyanobacteria. For eco-friendly reasons, seawater should preferably be used for cyanobacteria cultivation instead of freshwater. In this study, we demonstrated that the freshwater unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 could be grown in a medium based on seawater. The Synechocystis wild-type strain grew well in an artificial seawater (ASW) medium supplemented with nitrogen and phosphorus sources. The addition of HEPES buffer improved cell growth overall, although the growth in ASW medium was inferior to that in the synthetic BG-11 medium. The levels of proteins involved in sugar metabolism changed depending on the culture conditions. The biosynthesis of several amino acids including aspartate, glutamine, glycine, proline, ornithine, and lysine, was highly up-regulated by cultivation in ASW. Two types of natural seawater (NSW) were also made available for the cultivation of Synechocystis cells, with supplementation of both nitrogen and phosphorus sources. These results revealed the potential use of seawater for the cultivation of freshwater cyanobacteria, which would help to reduce freshwater consumption during biorefinery using cyanobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Iijima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakaya
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ayuko Kuwahara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Osanai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Yokohama, Japan ; Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA), Japan Science and Technology Agency Kawaguchi, Japan ; School of Agriculture, Meiji University Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Outdoor pilot production of Nannochloropsis gaditana: Influence of culture parameters and lipid production rates in raceway ponds. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
24
|
Hollinshead WD, Varman AM, You L, Hembree Z, Tang YJ. Boosting D-lactate production in engineered cyanobacteria using sterilized anaerobic digestion effluents. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 169:462-467. [PMID: 25084044 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an environmentally friendly approach to waste treatment, which can generate N and P-rich effluents that can be used as nutrient sources for microalgal cultivations. Modifications of AD processes to inhibit methanogenesis leads to the accumulation of acetic acid, a carbon source that can promote microalgal biosynthesis. This study tested different AD effluents from municipal wastes on their effect on D-lactate production by an engineered Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (carrying a novel lactate dehydrogenase). The results indicate that: (1) AD effluents can be supplemented into the modified BG-11 culture medium (up to 1:4 volume ratio) to reduce N and P cost; (2) acetate-rich AD effluents enhance D-lactate synthesis by ∼ 40% (1.2g/L of D-lactate in 20 days); and (3) neutral or acidic medium had a deleterious effect on lactate secretion and biomass growth by the engineered strain. This study demonstrates the advantages and guidelines in employing wastewater for photomixotrophic biosynthesis using engineered microalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney D Hollinshead
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Arul M Varman
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Biological and Materials Science Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Le You
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Zachary Hembree
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Yinjie J Tang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| |
Collapse
|