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Chen W, Li T, Du S, Chen H, Wang Q. Microalgal polyunsaturated fatty acids: Hotspots and production techniques. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1146881. [PMID: 37064250 PMCID: PMC10102661 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1146881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Algae play a crucial role in the earth’s primary productivity by producing not only oxygen but also a variety of high-value nutrients. One such nutrient is polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are accumulated in many algae and can be consumed by animals through the food chain and eventually by humans. Omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs are essential nutrients for human and animal health. However, compared with plants and aquatic sourced PUFA, the production of PUFA-rich oil from microalgae is still in the early stages of exploration. This study has collected recent reports on algae-based PUFA production and analyzed related research hotspots and directions, including algae cultivation, lipids extraction, lipids purification, and PUFA enrichment processes. The entire technological process for the extraction, purification and enrichment of PUFA oils from algae is systemically summarized in this review, providing important guidance and technical reference for scientific research and industrialization of algae-based PUFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tianpei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shuwen Du
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wang,
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2
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Kushwaha OS, Uthayakumar H, Kumaresan K. Modeling of carbon dioxide fixation by microalgae using hybrid artificial intelligence (AI) and fuzzy logic (FL) methods and optimization by genetic algorithm (GA). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:24927-24948. [PMID: 35349067 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we are reporting a novel prediction model for forecasting the carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation of microalgae which is based on the hybrid approach of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and genetic algorithm (GA). The CO2 fixation rate of various algal strains was collected and the cultivation conditions of the microalgae such as temperature, pH, CO2 %, and amount of nitrogen and phosphorous (mg/L) were taken as the input variables, while the CO2 fixation rate was taken as the output variable. The optimization of ANFIS parameters and the formation of the optimized fuzzy model structure were performed by genetic algorithm (GA) using MATLAB in order to achieve optimum prediction capability and industrial applicability. The best-fitting model was figured out using statistical analysis parameters such as root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of regression (R2), and average absolute relative deviation (AARD). According to the analysis, GA-ANFIS model depicted a greater prediction capability over ANFIS model. The RMSE, R2, and AARD for GA-ANFIS were observed to be 0.000431, 0.97865, and 0.044354 in the training phase and 0.00056, 0.98457, and 0.032156 in the testing phase, respectively, for the GA-ANFIS Model. As a result, it can be concluded that the proposed GA-ANFIS model is an efficient technique having a very high potential to accurately predict the CO2 fixation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar Singh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India.
| | - Haripriyan Uthayakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Kuching, Sarawak, 93350, Malaysia
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3
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Raj T, Morya R, Chandrasekhar K, Kumar D, Soam S, Kumar R, Patel AK, Kim SH. Microalgae biomass deconstruction using green solvents: Challenges and future opportunities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128429. [PMID: 36473586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae enablefixation of CO2into carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins through inter and intracellularly biochemical pathways. These cellular components can be extracted and transformed into renewable energy, chemicals, and materials through biochemical and thermochemical transformation processes.However, recalcitrant cell wall andlack of environmentally benign efficient pretreatment processes are key obstacles in the commercialization of microalgal biorefineries.Thus,current article describes the microalgal chemical structure, type, and structural rigidity and summarizes the traditional pretreatment methods to extract cell wall constituents. Green solvents such as ionic liquid (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DES), and natural deep eutectic solvents (NDESs) have shown interesting solvent characteristics to pretreat biomass with selective biocomponent extraction from microalgae. Further research is needed in task-specific IL/DES design, cation-anion organization, structural activity understanding of ILs-biocomponents, environmental toxicity, biodegradability, and recyclability for deployment of carbon-neutral technologies. Additionally, coupling the microalgal industry with biorefineries may facilitate waste management, sustainability, and gross revenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirath Raj
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Raj Morya
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - K Chandrasekhar
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, 522213 Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Shveta Soam
- Department of Building Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Gävle, Sweden
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord University, 7713 Steinkjer, Norway
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 81157 Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Biodiesel production from wet microalgae: Progress and challenges. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Jothibasu K, Muniraj I, Jayakumar T, Ray B, Dhar D, Karthikeyan S, Rakesh S. Impact of microalgal cell wall biology on downstream processing and nutrient removal for fuels and value-added products. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Singh M, Mal N, Mohapatra R, Bagchi T, Parambath SD, Chavali M, Rao KM, Ramanaiah SV, Kadier A, Kumar G, Chandrasekhar K, Kim SH. Recent biotechnological developments in reshaping the microalgal genome: A signal for green recovery in biorefinery practices. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133513. [PMID: 34990720 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of renewable energy sources as a substitute for nonrenewable fossil fuels is urgently required. Algae biorefinery platform provides an excellent alternate to overcome future energy problems. However, to let this viable biomass be competent with existing feedstocks, it is necessary to exploit genetic manipulation and improvement in upstream and downstream platforms for optimal bio-product recovery. Furthermore, the techno-economic strategies further maximize metabolites production for biofuel, biohydrogen, and other industrial applications. The experimental methodologies in algal photobioreactor promote high biomass production, enriched in lipid and starch content in limited environmental conditions. This review presents an optimization framework combining genetic manipulation methods to simulate microalgal growth dynamics, understand the complexity of algal biorefinery to scale up, and identify green strategies for techno-economic feasibility of algae for biomass conversion. Overall, the algal biorefinery opens up new possibilities for the valorization of algae biomass and the synthesis of various novel products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Singh
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Navonil Mal
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Reecha Mohapatra
- Department of Life Sciences, NIT Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Trisha Bagchi
- Department of Botany, West Bengal State University, Barasat, 700126, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Murthy Chavali
- Office of the Dean (Research) & Division of Chemistry, Department of Science, Faculty of Science & Technology, Alliance University (Central Campus), Chandapura-Anekal Main Road, Bengaluru, 562106, Karnataka, India; NTRC-MCETRC and 109 Nano Composite Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Guntur District, 522201, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kummara Madhusudana Rao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Joyeong-dong, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, South Korea; Department of Automotive Lighting Convergence Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Joyeong-dong, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, South Korea
| | - S V Ramanaiah
- Food and Biotechnology Research Lab, South Ural State University (National Research University), 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Center of Material and Opto-electronic Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
| | - K Chandrasekhar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Kim B, Youn Lee S, Lakshmi Narasimhan A, Kim S, Oh YK. Cell disruption and astaxanthin extraction from Haematococcus pluvialis: Recent advances. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126124. [PMID: 34653624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis is an excellent source of astaxanthin, a powerful antioxidant widely used in cosmetics, aquaculture, health foods, and pharmaceuticals. This review explores recent developments in cell disruption and astaxanthin extraction techniques applied using H. pluvialis as a model species for large-scale algal biorefinery. Notably, this alga develops a unique cyst-like cell with a rigid three-layered cell wall during astaxanthin accumulation (∼4% of dry weight) under stress. The thick (∼2 µm), acetolysis-resistant cell wall forms the strongest barrier to astaxanthin extraction. Various physical, chemical, and biological cell disruption methods were discussed and compared based on theoretical mechanisms, biomass status (wet, dry, and live), cell-disruption efficacy, astaxanthin extractability, cost, scalability, synergistic combinations, and impact on the stress-sensitive astaxanthin content. The challenges and future prospects of the downstream processes for the sustainable and economic development of advanced H. pluvialis biorefineries are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolam Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, and Institute for Environment & Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Youn Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Aditya Lakshmi Narasimhan
- School of Chemical Engineering, and Institute for Environment & Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangui Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, and Institute for Environment & Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, and Institute for Environment & Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Penicillin Residue for the Production of Bio-Oil over Different Homogeneous/Heterogeneous Catalysts. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11070849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, penicillin residue (PR) was used to prepare bio-oil by hydrothermal liquefaction. The effects of homogeneous (organic acid and alkaline catalysts) and heterogeneous catalysts (zeolite molecular sieve) on the yield and properties of bio-oil were investigated. The results show that there are significant differences in the catalytic performance of the catalysts. The effect of homogeneous catalysts on the bio-oil yield was not significant, which only increased from 26.09 (no catalysts) to 31.44 wt.% (Na2CO3, 8 wt.%). In contrast, heterogeneous catalysts had a more obvious effect, and the oil yield reached 36.44 wt.% after adding 5 wt.% MCM-48. Increasing the amount of catalyst enhanced the yield of bio-oil, but excessive amounts of catalyst led to a secondary cracking reaction, resulting in a reduction in bio-oil. Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction reduced the contents of heteroatoms (oxygen, mainly), slightly increased the contents of C and H in the bio-oil and increased the higher heating value (HHV) and energy recovery (ER) of bio-oil. FTIR and GC-MS analyses showed that the addition of catalysts was beneficial in increasing hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing hydrocarbons in bio-oil and reducing the proportion of nitrogen-containing substances. Comprehensive analyses of the distribution of aromatic, nitrogen-containing and oxygen-containing components in bio-oil were also performed. This work is beneficial for further research on the preparation of bio-oil by hydrothermal liquefaction of antibiotic fermentation residue.
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Montone CM, Aita SE, Catani M, Cavaliere C, Cerrato A, Piovesana S, Laganà A, Capriotti AL. Profiling and quantitative analysis of underivatized fatty acids in Chlorella vulgaris microalgae by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3041-3051. [PMID: 34101991 PMCID: PMC8453725 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris is a popular microalga used for biofuel production; nevertheless, it possesses a strong cell wall that hinders the extraction of molecules, especially lipids within the cell wall. For tackling this issue, we developed an efficient and cost‐effective method for optimal lipid extraction. Microlaga cell disruption by acid hydrolysis was investigated comparing different temperatures and reaction times; after hydrolysis, lipids were extracted with n‐hexane. The best recoveries were obtained at 140°C for 90 min. The microalgae were then analyzed by an untargeted approach based on liquid chromatography with high‐resolution mass spectrometry, providing the tentative identification of 28 fatty acids. First, a relative quantification on the untargeted data was performed using peak area as a surrogate of analyte abundance. Then, a targeted quantitative method was validated for the tentatively identified fatty acids, in terms of recovery (78‐100%), intra‐ and interday relative standard deviations (<10 and <9%, respectively) and linearity (R2 > 0.98). The most abundant fatty acids were palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and stearic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Elsa Aita
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerrato
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,CNR NANOTEC, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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10
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Pôjo V, Tavares T, Malcata FX. Processing Methodologies of Wet Microalga Biomass Toward Oil Separation: An Overview. Molecules 2021; 26:641. [PMID: 33530628 PMCID: PMC7866146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main goals of Mankind is to ensure food system sustainability-including management of land, soil, water, and biodiversity. Microalgae accordingly appear as an innovative and scalable alternative source in view of the richness of their chemical profiles. In what concerns lipids in particular, microalgae can synthesize and accumulate significant amounts of fatty acids, a great fraction of which are polyunsaturated; this makes them excellent candidates within the framework of production and exploitation of lipids by various industrial and health sectors, either as bulk products or fine chemicals. Conventional lipid extraction methodologies require previous dehydration of microalgal biomass, which hampers economic feasibility due to the high energy demands thereof. Therefore, extraction of lipids directly from wet biomass would be a plus in this endeavor. Supporting processes and methodologies are still limited, and most approaches are empirical in nature-so a deeper mechanistic elucidation is a must, in order to facilitate rational optimization of the extraction processes. Besides circumventing the current high energy demands by dehydration, an ideal extraction method should be selective, sustainable, efficient, harmless, and feasible for upscale to industrial level. This review presents and discusses several pretreatments incurred in lipid extraction from wet microalga biomass, namely recent developments and integrated processes. Unfortunately, most such developments have been proven at bench-scale only-so demonstration in large facilities is still needed to confirm whether they can turn into competitive alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Pôjo
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (V.P.); (F.X.M.)
| | - Tânia Tavares
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (V.P.); (F.X.M.)
| | - Francisco Xavier Malcata
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (V.P.); (F.X.M.)
- FEUP—Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-264 Porto, Portugal
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Behavior of Surfactants in Oil Extraction by Surfactant-Assisted Acidic Hydrothermal Process from Chlorella vulgaris. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:319-334. [PMID: 32954483 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of surfactants for enhancement of extraction efficiencies in wet oil extraction through an acidic hydrothermal process was evaluated. Three different types of surfactants were tested: anionic (SDBS and SDS), cationic (CTAB and MBC), and non-ionic (IGEPAL CA-210 and Tween 60). The total fatty acid content of Chlorella vulgaris was 291.0 mg/g cell. Under the no-surfactant condition, the oil-extraction yield of the acidic hydrothermal extraction was 75.5%. The addition of SDBS and MBC at the 0.4% concentration showed enhanced oil-extraction performance, 85.4 and 85.7% yields, respectively. CTAB and Tween 60 showed low extraction yields, less than 43.0%. SDS and IGEPAL CA-210 showed high oil-extraction yields, higher, in fact, than the initial fatty acid content, due to surfactant partitioning into microalgal oil. With increasing surfactant concentration, the oil-extraction yields of CTAB decreased, those of IGEPAL CA-210 gradually increased, and those of SDBS increased and then decreased again. The best performance, an oil-extraction yield of 95.6%, was observed under the 0.2% SDBS, 120 °C, 1 h condition. Although IGEPAL CA-210 showed the high net oil-extraction yield of 98.3% at the 0.6% surfactant concentration, 61.2% of surfactant was partitioned into oil. Graphical abstract.
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12
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Electro-Fenton Based Technique to Enhance Cell Harvest and Lipid Extraction from Microalgae. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13153813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, lipid extraction remains a major bottleneck in microalgae technology for biofuel production. In this study, an effective and easily controlled cell wall disruption method based on electro-Fenton reaction was used to enhance lipid extraction from the wet biomass of Nannochloropsis oceanica IMET1. The results showed that 1.27 mM of hydroxide radical (HO•) was generated under the optimal conditions with 9.1 mM FeSO4 in a 16.4 mA·cm−2 current density for 37.0 min. After the electro-Fenton treatment, the neutral lipid extraction yield of microalgae (~155 mg) increased from 40% to 87.5%, equal to from 12.2% to 26.7% dry cell weight (DCW). In particular, the fatty acid composition remained stable. The cell wall disruption and lipid extraction processes were displayed by the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and fluorescence microscopy (FM) observations, respectively. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of algal cells reached 85.2% within 2 h after the reaction was terminated. Furthermore, the biomass of the microalgae cultured in the electrolysis wastewater treated with fresh nutrients reached 3 g/L, which is 12-fold higher than that of the initial after 24 days. These finds provided an economic and efficient method for lipid extraction from wet microalgae, which could be easily controlled by current magnitude regulation.
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Wang S, Yerkebulan M, Abomohra AEF, El-Khodary S, Wang Q. Microalgae harvest influences the energy recovery: A case study on chemical flocculation of Scenedesmus obliquus for biodiesel and crude bio-oil production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 286:121371. [PMID: 31030071 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, centrifugation was used as a standard harvest method, while chemical flocculation was comparatively used as a cost-effective harvest method for microalgae. Lipid recovery from the centrifuged cells was 17.4%, which significantly increased by flocculation to 20.7%. Although both harvest methods showed similar thermal decomposition patterns, flocculated biomass showed 15.7% higher bio-char formation than the centrifuged cells, which resulted in significant reduction in the bio-oil yield by 18.5%. The estimated energy output of bio-oil using centrifugation and flocculation were 0.87 and 0.68 GJ per ton, respectively. For biodiesel production, the energy output using centrifugation and flocculation were 0.177 and 0.211 GJ per ton, respectively. Due to the higher biodiesel yield, better bio-oil quality and lower energy consumption, flocculation was suggested by the present study as a superior method over centrifugation for microalgae harvest from the economic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Jiangsu, China
| | - Mukhambet Yerkebulan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Jiangsu, China
| | - Abd El-Fatah Abomohra
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Jiangsu, China; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527 Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Sherif El-Khodary
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Jiangsu, China; Building Physics and Environment Institute, Housing & Building National Research Center (HBRC), 12311 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Jiangsu, China
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14
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Effects and mechanism of dilute acid soaking with ultrasound pretreatment on rice bran protein extraction. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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16
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Choi SA, Oh YK, Lee J, Sim SJ, Hong ME, Park JY, Kim MS, Kim SW, Lee JS. High-efficiency cell disruption and astaxanthin recovery from Haematococcus pluvialis cyst cells using room-temperature imidazolium-based ionic liquid/water mixtures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 274:120-126. [PMID: 30502602 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Energy-saving, high-efficiency cell disruption is a critical step for recovery of thermolabile antioxidant astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis cyst cells of rigid cell-wall structure. In this study, as room-temperature green solvents, 10 types of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Emim])-based ionic liquids (ILs) were compared and evaluated for their abilities to disrupt H. pluvialis cyst cells for astaxanthin/lipid extraction. Among the 10 ILs tested, 3 [Emim]-based ILs with HSO4, CH3SO3, and (CF3SO2)2N anions were selected based on astaxanthin/lipid extraction performance and synthesis cost. When pretreated with IL/water mixtures, intact cyst cells were significantly torn, broken or shown to release cytoplasmic components, thereby facilitating subsequent separation of astaxanthin/lipid by hexane. However, excess IL pretreatments at high temperature/IL dosages and longer incubation times significantly deteriorated lipid and/or astaxanthin. Under optimized mild conditions (6.7% (v/v) IL in water solution, 30 °C, 60 min), almost complete astaxanthin recoveries (>99%) along with moderate lipid extractions (∼82%) could be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-A Choi
- Climate Change Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiye Lee
- Climate Change Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Eui Hong
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- Climate Change Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Climate Change Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Wook Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Suk Lee
- Climate Change Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea.
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An Overview of Current Pretreatment Methods Used to Improve Lipid Extraction from Oleaginous Micro-Organisms. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071562. [PMID: 29958398 PMCID: PMC6100488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial oils, obtained from oleaginous microorganisms are an emerging source of commercially valuable chemicals ranging from pharmaceuticals to the petroleum industry. In petroleum biorefineries, the microbial biomass has become a sustainable source of renewable biofuels. Biodiesel is mainly produced from oils obtained from oleaginous microorganisms involving various upstream and downstream processes, such as cultivation, harvesting, lipid extraction, and transesterification. Among them, lipid extraction is a crucial step for the process and it represents an important bottleneck for the commercial scale production of biodiesel. Lipids are synthesized in the cellular compartment of oleaginous microorganisms in the form of lipid droplets, so it is necessary to disrupt the cells prior to lipid extraction in order to improve the extraction yields. Various mechanical, chemical and physicochemical pretreatment methods are employed to disintegrate the cellular membrane of oleaginous microorganisms. The objective of the present review article is to evaluate the various pretreatment methods for efficient lipid extraction from the oleaginous cellular biomass available to date, as well as to discuss their advantages and disadvantages, including their effect on the lipid yield. The discussed mechanical pretreatment methods are oil expeller, bead milling, ultrasonication, microwave, high-speed and high-pressure homogenizer, laser, autoclaving, pulsed electric field, and non-mechanical methods, such as enzymatic treatment, including various emerging cell disruption techniques.
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18
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Oh YK, Hwang KR, Kim C, Kim JR, Lee JS. Recent developments and key barriers to advanced biofuels: A short review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29523378 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Biofuels are regarded as one of the most viable options for reduction of CO2 emissions in the transport sector. However, conventional plant-based biofuels (e.g., biodiesel, bioethanol)'s share of total transportation-fuel consumption in 2016 was very low, about 4%, due to several major limitations including shortage of raw materials, low CO2 mitigation effect, blending wall, and poor cost competitiveness. Advanced biofuels such as drop-in, microalgal, and electro biofuels, especially from inedible biomass, are considered to be a promising solution to the problem of how to cope with the growing biofuel demand. In this paper, recent developments in oxy-free hydrocarbon conversion via catalytic deoxygenation reactions, the selection of and lipid-content enhancement of oleaginous microalgae, electrochemical biofuel conversion, and the diversification of valuable products from biomass and intermediates are reviewed. The challenges and prospects for future development of eco-friendly and economically advanced biofuel production processes also are outlined herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Kwan Oh
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ran Hwang
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Changman Kim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Rae Kim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Suk Lee
- Gwangju Bioenergy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea.
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Otero P, Quintana SE, Reglero G, Fornari T, García-Risco MR. Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) as an Innovative Green Technology for the Effective Enrichment of Galician Algae Extracts with High Quality Fatty Acids and Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E156. [PMID: 29748479 PMCID: PMC5983287 DOI: 10.3390/md16050156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms are potentially prolific sources of high qualify fatty acids that represent useful leads in the development of new nutraceutical agents. In this work, we investigated the lipid composition of six algae species from the Northwest of Spain (Ulva intestinalis, Ulva lactuca, Fucus vesiculosus,Dictyota dichotoma, Cystoseira baccata and Himanthalia elongata) and compared the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts obtained by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). Furthermore, Fucus vesiculosus (F. vesiculosus) PLE using five solvents of different polarities (hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol and ethanol:water 50:50) at three temperatures (80 °C, 120 °C and 160 °C) was investigated. F. vesiculosus ethanolic PLE extract presents considerably higher capacity of inhibiting 50% of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) (IC50 = 7.17 μg/mL) in comparison with the rest of macroalgae studied. Moreover, the potential antimicrobial activity tested on E. coli and S. aureus shows that F. vesiculosus extract produced the best inhibition (IC50 was 2.24 mg/mL (E. coli) and 1.27 mg/mL (S. aureus)). Furthermore, regarding the different solvents and temperatures used to investigate F. vesiculosus PLE, results showed that this technique using ethyl acetate is a selective method to enrich long chain fatty acids (oleic acid, arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid) with ω-6/ω-3 ratios close to 2.7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Otero
- Research Institute of Food Science (CSIC-UAM). C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Somaris E Quintana
- Research Institute of Food Science (CSIC-UAM). C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Research Institute of Food Science (CSIC-UAM). C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Tiziana Fornari
- Research Institute of Food Science (CSIC-UAM). C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica R García-Risco
- Research Institute of Food Science (CSIC-UAM). C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Hadrich B, Akremi I, Dammak M, Barkallah M, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S. Optimization of lipids' ultrasonic extraction and production from Chlorella sp. using response-surface methodology. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:87. [PMID: 29665818 PMCID: PMC5904985 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three steps are very important in order to produce microalgal lipids: (1) controlling microalgae cultivation via experimental and modeling investigations, (2) optimizing culture conditions to maximize lipids production and to determine the fatty acid profile the most appropriate for biodiesel synthesis, and (3) optimizing the extraction of the lipids accumulated in the microalgal cells. METHODS Firstly, three kinetics models, namely logistic, logistic-with-lag and modified Gompertz, were tested to fit the experimental kinetics of the Chlorella sp. microalga culture established on standard conditions. Secondly, the response-surface methodology was used for two optimizations in this study. The first optimization was established for lipids production from Chlorella sp. culture under different culture conditions. In fact, different levels of nitrate concentrations, salinities and light intensities were applied to the culture medium in order to study their influences on lipids production and determine their fatty acid profile. The second optimization was concerned with the lipids extraction factors: ultrasonic's time and temperature, and chloroform-methanol solvent ratio. RESULTS All models (logistic, logistic-with-lag and modified Gompertz) applied for the experimental kinetics of Chlorella sp. show a very interesting fitting quality. The logistic model was chosen to describe the Chlorella sp. kinetics, since it yielded the most important statistical criteria: coefficient of determination of the order of 94.36%; adjusted coefficient of determination equal to 93.79% and root mean square error reaching 3.685 cells · ml- 1. Nitrate concentration and the two interactions involving the light intensity (Nitrate concentration × light intensity, and salinities × light intensity) showed a very significant influence on lipids production in the first optimization (p < 0.05). Yet, only the quadratic term of chloroform-methanol solvent ratio showed a significant influence on lipids extraction relative to the second step of optimization (p < 0.05). The two most abundant fatty acid methyl esters (≈72%) derived from the Chlorella sp. microalga cultured in the determined optimal conditions are: palmitic acid (C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) with the corresponding yields of 51.69% and 20.55% of total fatty acids, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Only the nitrate deficiency and the high intensity of light can influence the microalgal lipids production. The corresponding fatty acid methyl esters composition is very suitable for biodiesel production. Lipids extraction is efficient only over long periods of time when using a solvent with a 2/1 chloroform/methanol ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilel Hadrich
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Ismahen Akremi
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Dammak
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Barkallah
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie végétale appliquée à l'amélioration des cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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21
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Kim DY, Lee K, Lee J, Lee YH, Han JI, Park JY, Oh YK. Acidified-flocculation process for harvesting of microalgae: Coagulant reutilization and metal-free-microalgae recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 239:190-196. [PMID: 28521228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical flocculation is considered to be an overall low-cost and up-scalable process for harvesting of microalgae. In this study a new flocculation approach utilizing metal coagulant (Fe2(SO4)3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was introduced for harvesting of Chlorella sp. KR-1, which overcome two main issues of contamination and reuse of coagulant. Reduction of pH successfully released precipitates attached to the microalgae, and the remaining acidic solution containing recovered ferric ions could be reused for harvesting up to three times with high, better-than 98% efficiencies. Moreover, the acid-treated microalgal biomass could be directly used for lipid extraction without additional catalyst. High extraction yields of around 32% were achieved with FAME conversion efficiencies of around 90%. The integrated approach devised in the present study is expected to make the best use of the age-old yet effective harvesting means of flocculation, which can be a practical and economical option in microalgal biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeon Kim
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyubock Lee
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiye Lee
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Lee
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Pan Y, Alam MA, Wang Z, Huang D, Hu K, Chen H, Yuan Z. One-step production of biodiesel from wet and unbroken microalgae biomass using deep eutectic solvent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 238:157-163. [PMID: 28433903 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One-step and Two-step methods were studied for lipid extraction from wet and unbroken (water content is 65-67%) Chlorella sp. and Chlorococcum sp. (GN38) using deep eutectic solvent (DES) treated microalgae cells. Further we optimized the extraction process and studied on its underlying mechanism. Among all DES, Choline chloride-Acetic acid (Ch-Aa) DES treatment showed optimal conditions at the mass ratio of DES: methanol-H2SO4 (2.00%) mixture: algae biomass was 60:40:3 with reaction time was 60min, and the optimum temperature was 110°C (Chlorococcum sp.) and 130°C (Chlorella sp.) respectively. The total content of FAME by One-step method with DES treatment was improved by 30% compared with Two-step method. This process is effective on wet and unbroken paste of microalgae biomass, so the FAME extracted using one-step with DES process is feasible for microalgae based biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Pan
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Md Asraful Alam
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhongming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Dalong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Keqin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongxuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenhong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomass Energy, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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23
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Identification of optimum fatty acid extraction methods for two different microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Haematococcus pluvialis for food and biodiesel applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:4659-4667. [PMID: 28593370 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae have the potential to synthesize and accumulate lipids which contain high value fatty acids intended for nutrition and biodiesel applications. Nevertheless, lipid extraction methods for microalgae cells are not well established and there is not a standard analytical methodology to extract fatty acids from lipid-producing microalgae. In this paper, current lipid extraction procedures employing organic solvents (chloroform/methanol, 2:1 and 1:2, v/v), sodium hypochlorite solution (NaClO), acid-catalysed hot-water extraction and the saponification process [2.5 M KOH/methanol (1:4, v/v)] have been evaluated with two species of microalgae with different types of cell walls. One is a marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and the other a freshwater green microalga, Haematococcus pluvialis. Lipids from all types of extracts were estimated gravimetrically and their fatty acids were quantified by a HPLC equipped with Q-TOF mass spectrometer. Results indicated significant differences both in lipids yield and fatty acids composition. The chloroform and methanol mixture was the most effective extraction solvent for the unsaturated fatty acids such as DPA (C22:05), DHA, (C22:06), EPA (C20:05) and ARA (C20:04). While acid treatments improved the saturated fatty acids (SFAs) yield, especially the short chain SFA, lauric acid (C12:0), whose amount was 64% higher in P. tricornutum and 156% higher in H. pluvialis compared to organic solvent extractions. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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24
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Huang WC, Kim JD. Simultaneous cell disruption and lipid extraction in a microalgal biomass using a nonpolar tertiary amine. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 232:142-145. [PMID: 28219051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A simultaneous cell disruption and lipid extraction method is developed for microalgal biodiesel production using a triethylamine/methanol solvent system. Individually, the pure solvents, i.e. triethylamine and methanol, do not exhibit significant enhancement in lipid extraction, but a 3:7 (v/v) triethylamine/methanol mixture exhibits the highest lipid extraction, corresponding to 150% of the conventional chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v) solvent extraction. This extraction is equivalent to 92.5% of the total lipids, even when extracted from a wet microalgal biomass with a water content of 80%. The cell surfaces of the microalgae are significantly disrupted without using additional cell disruption reagents and without requiring energy-intensive equipment. The lipid mass transfer coefficient is 1.6 times greater than that of the chloroform/methanol solvent system. It is clearly demonstrated that triethylamine and methanol cooperate well for the cell disruption and lipid extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Can Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong-Gu, Guseong-Duong, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Duk Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong-Gu, Guseong-Duong, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Lee J, Yoo H, Yang X, Kim D, Lee J, Lee S, Han S, Kim S. Utilization of algal sugars and glycerol for enhanced cephalosporin C production by Acremonium chrysogenum
M35. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 64:66-72. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.H. Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - H.Y. Yoo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - X. Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - D.S. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - J.H. Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - S.K. Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - S.O. Han
- Department of Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - S.W. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul Korea
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26
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Seo YH, Sung M, Oh YK, Han JI. Lipid extraction from microalgae cell using persulfate-based oxidation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:1073-1075. [PMID: 26614226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, persulfate, a solid-type oxidant, was adopted as a substitute for hydrogen peroxide in extracting lipid from microalgae biomass. Microalgae cells were concentrated at pH 3 and with 200mg/L of ferric chloride, conditions which can activate oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide and persulfate. At a persulfate concentration of 2mM and a reaction temperature of 90°C, exceedingly high extraction efficiency over 95% was obtained, which was higher than with 0.5% hydrogen peroxide at the same temperature. This result showed that persulfate is sufficiently powerful and incomparably cheap enough to replace the potent yet expensive oxidant. It appears that combining iron-based coagulation and persulfate-based lipid extraction is indeed a competitive approach that can possibly lighten the process burden for the microalgae-derived biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Hwan Seo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1, Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Sung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1, Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1, Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Karemore A, Sen R. Downstream processing of microalgal feedstock for lipid and carbohydrate in a biorefinery concept: a holistic approach for biofuel applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01477a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Downstream processing of algal biomass for conversion into biofuel products biodiesel and bioethanol in an integrated mode to develop a microalgae based biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Karemore
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- India
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- India
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28
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Kim DY, Vijayan D, Praveenkumar R, Han JI, Lee K, Park JY, Chang WS, Lee JS, Oh YK. Cell-wall disruption and lipid/astaxanthin extraction from microalgae: Chlorella and Haematococcus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 199:300-310. [PMID: 26342788 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, biofuels and nutraceuticals produced from microalgae have emerged as major interests, resulting in intensive research of the microalgal biorefinery process. In this paper, recent developments in cell-wall disruption and extraction methods are reviewed, focusing on lipid and astaxanthin production from the biotechnologically important microalgae Chlorella and Haematococcus, respectively. As a common, critical bottleneck for recovery of intracellular components such as lipid and astaxanthin from these microalgae, the composition and structure of rigid, thick cell-walls were analyzed. Various chemical, physical, physico-chemical, and biological methods applied for cell-wall breakage and lipid/astaxanthin extraction from Chlorella and Haematococcus are discussed in detail and compared based on efficiency, energy consumption, type and dosage of solvent, biomass concentration and status (wet/dried), toxicity, scalability, and synergistic combinations. This report could serve as a useful guide to the implementation of practical downstream processes for recovery of valuable products from microalgae including Chlorella and Haematococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeon Kim
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Durairaj Vijayan
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramasamy Praveenkumar
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyubock Lee
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Seok Chang
- Korea District Heating Corp., Bungdang-dong, Seongnam-si, Gyoenggi-do 463-908, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Suk Lee
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Yang YH, Klinthong W, Tan CS. Optimization of continuous lipid extraction from Chlorella vulgaris by CO₂-expanded methanol for biodiesel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:550-556. [PMID: 26433151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CO2-expanded methanol (CXM) was used to extract lipids from the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (a total lipid content of 20.7% was determined by Soxhlet extraction with methanol at 373 K for 96 h) in a continuous mode. The CXM was found to be a superior solvent to methanol, ethanol, pressurized methanol and ethanol, and CO2-expanded ethanol for lipid extraction. The effects of operation variables including temperature, pressure and CO2 flow rate on extraction performance were examined using the response surface and contour plot methodologies. The optimal operating conditions were at a pressure of 5.5 MPa, a temperature of 358 K, a methanol flow rate of 1 mL/min and a CO2 flow rate of 3.0 mL/min, providing an extracted lipid yield of 84.8 wt% over an extraction period of 30 min. Compared with propane methanol mixture, CXM was safer and more energy efficient for lipid extraction from C. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hung Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Worasaung Klinthong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Sung Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC.
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Rizwan M, Zaman M, Lee JH, Gani R. Optimal processing pathway selection for microalgae-based biorefinery under uncertainty. Comput Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lee I, Han JI. Hydrothermal-acid treatment for effectual extraction of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-abundant lipids from Nannochloropsis salina. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 191:1-6. [PMID: 25966023 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal acid treatment, was adopted to extract eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from wet biomass of Nannochloropsis salina. It was found that sulfuric acid-based treatment increased EPA yield from 11.8 to 58.1 mg/g cell in a way that was nearly proportional to its concentration. Nitric acid exhibited the same pattern at low concentrations, but unlike sulfuric acid its effectiveness unexpectedly dropped from 0.5% to 2.0%. The optimal and minimal conditions for hydrothermal acid pretreatment were determined using a statistical approach; its maximum EPA yield (predicted: 43.69 mg/g cell; experimental: 43.93 mg/g cell) was established at a condition of 1.27% of sulfuric acid, 113.34 °C of temperature, and 36.71 min of reaction time. Our work demonstrated that the acid-catalyzed cell disruption, accompanied by heat, can be one potentially promising option for ω-3 fatty acids extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgyu Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-338, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-338, Republic of Korea.
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Kim TH, Suh WI, Yoo G, Mishra SK, Farooq W, Moon M, Shrivastav A, Park MS, Yang JW. Development of direct conversion method for microalgal biodiesel production using wet biomass of Nannochloropsis salina. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 191:438-444. [PMID: 25827362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the effects of several factors, such as temperature, reaction time, and solvent and acid quantity on in situ transesterification yield of wet Nannochloropsis salina were investigated. Under equivalent total solvent volume to biomass ratio, pure alcohol showed higher yield compared to alcohol-chloroform solvent. For esterifying 200 mg of wet cells, 2 ml of methanol and 1 ml of ethanol was sufficient to complete in situ transesterification. Under temperatures of 105 °C or higher, 2.5% and 5% concentrations of sulfuric acid was able to successfully convert more than 90% of lipid within 30 min when methanol and ethanol was used as solvents respectively. Also, it was verified that the optimal condition found in small-scale experiments is applicable to larger scale using 2 L scale reactor as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyoung Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - William I Suh
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gursong Yoo
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjiv K Mishra
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Wasif Farooq
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myounghoon Moon
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Min S Park
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Yang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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Lee I, Han JI. Simultaneous treatment (cell disruption and lipid extraction) of wet microalgae using hydrodynamic cavitation for enhancing the lipid yield. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 186:246-251. [PMID: 25817036 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous treatment (combining with cell disruption and lipid extraction) using hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was applied to Nannochloropsis salina to demonstrate a simple and integrated way to produce oil from wet microalgae. A high lipid yield from the HC (25.9-99.0%) was observed compared with autoclave (16.2-66.5%) and ultrasonication (5.4-26.9%) in terms of the specific energy input (500-10,000 kJ/kg). The optimal conditions for the simultaneous treatment were established using a statistical approach. The efficiency of the simultaneous method was also demonstrated by comparing each separate treatment. The maximum lipid yield (predicted: 45.9% and experimental: 45.5%) was obtained using 0.89% sulfuric acid with a cavitation number of 1.17 for a reaction time of 25.05 min via response surface methodology. Considering its comparable extractability, energy-efficiency, and potential for scale-up, HC may be a promising method to achieve industrial-scale microalgae operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgyu Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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Park JY, Park MS, Lee YC, Yang JW. Advances in direct transesterification of algal oils from wet biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 184:267-275. [PMID: 25466997 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An interest in biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines has been increasing because of the issue of petroleum depletion and environmental concerns related to massive carbon dioxide emissions. Researchers are strongly driven to pursue the next generation of vegetable oil-based biodiesel. Oleaginous microalgae are considered to be a promising alternative oil source. To commercialize microalgal biodiesel, cost reductions in oil extraction and downstream biodiesel conversion are stressed. Herein, starting from an investigation of oil extraction from wet microalgae, a review is conducted of transesterification using enzymes, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, and yield enhancement by ultrasound, microwave, and supercritical process. In particular, there is a focus on direct transesterification as a simple and energy efficient process that omits a separate oil extraction step and utilizes wet microalgal biomass; however, it is still necessary to consider issues such as the purification of microalgal oils and upgrading of biodiesel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Park
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min S Park
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Yang
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Combined enzymatic and mechanical cell disruption and lipid extraction of green alga Neochloris oleoabundans. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7707-22. [PMID: 25853267 PMCID: PMC4425044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal biodiesel is one of the most promising renewable fuels. The wet technique for lipids extraction has advantages over the dry method, such as energy-saving and shorter procedure. The cell disruption is a key factor in wet oil extraction to facilitate the intracellular oil release. Ultrasonication, high-pressure homogenization, enzymatic hydrolysis and the combination of enzymatic hydrolysis with high-pressure homogenization and ultrasonication were employed in this study to disrupt the cells of the microalga Neochloris oleoabundans. The cell disruption degree was investigated. The cell morphology before and after disruption was assessed with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The energy requirements and the operation cost for wet cell disruption were also estimated. The highest disruption degree, up to 95.41%, assessed by accounting method was achieved by the combination of enzymatic hydrolysis and high-pressure homogenization. A lipid recovery of 92.6% was also obtained by the combined process. The combined process was found to be more efficient and economical compared with the individual process.
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Seo YH, Sung M, Kim B, Oh YK, Kim DY, Han JI. Ferric chloride based downstream process for microalgae based biodiesel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 181:143-147. [PMID: 25647024 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ferric chloride (FeCl3) was used to integrate downstream processes (harvesting, lipid extraction, and esterification). At concentration of 200 mg/L and at pH 3, FeCl3 exhibited an expected degree of coagulation and an increase in cell density of ten times (170 mg/10 mL). An iron-mediated oxidation reaction, Fenton-like reaction, was used to extract lipid from the harvested biomass, and efficiency of 80% was obtained with 0.5% H2O2 at 90 °C. The iron compound was also employed in the esterification step, and converted free fatty acids to fatty acid methyl esters under acidic conditions; thus, the fatal problem of saponification during esterification with alkaline catalysts was avoided, and esterification efficiency over 90% was obtained. This study clearly showed that FeCl3 in the harvesting process is beneficial in all downstream steps and have a potential to greatly reduce the production cost of microalgae-originated biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Hwan Seo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1, Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Sung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1, Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohwa Kim
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1, Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1, Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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Chen Y, Wu Y, Ding R, Zhang P, Liu J, Yang M, Zhang P. Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction ofD. tertiolectafor the production of bio-oil over different acid/base catalysts. AIChE J 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yulong Wu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Ranran Ding
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Ji Liu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Mingde Yang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University; Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang P. R. China
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38
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Lee I, Park JY, Choi SA, Oh YK, Han JI. Hydrothermal nitric acid treatment for effectual lipid extraction from wet microalgae biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 172:138-142. [PMID: 25255190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal acid (combined with autoclaving and nitric acid) pretreatment was applied to Nannochloropsis salina as a cost-effective yet efficient way of lipid extraction from wet biomass. The optimal conditions for this pretreatment were determined using a statistical approach, and the roles of nitric acid were also determined. The maximum lipid yield (predicted: 24.6%; experimental: 24.4%) was obtained using 0.57% nitric acid at 120°C for 30min through response surface methodology. A relatively lower lipid yield (18.4%) was obtained using 2% nitric acid; however, chlorophyll and unsaturated fatty acids, both of which adversely affect the refinery and oxidative stability of biodiesel, were found to be not co-extracted. Considering its comparable extractability even from wet biomass and ability to reduce chlorophyll and unsaturated fatty acids, the hydrothermal nitric acid pretreatment can serve as one direct and promising route of extracting microalgae oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgyu Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-A Choi
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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39
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Lee K, Lee SY, Praveenkumar R, Kim B, Seo JY, Jeon SG, Na JG, Park JY, Kim DM, Oh YK. Repeated use of stable magnetic flocculant for efficient harvest of oleaginous Chlorella sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 167:284-290. [PMID: 24995878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a simple magnetic-particle recycling strategy was developed for harvest of the oleaginous microalga Chlorella sp. KR-1. The method entails the flocculation of microalgal cells and bare-Fe3O4 magnetic particles (bMP) by electrostatic attraction and the subsequent recovery of the bMP from the harvested flocs by electrostatic repulsion below and above the isoelectric points (IEP), respectively. For 10 recycles, the bMP showed 94-99% and 90-97% harvest and recovery efficiencies, respectively. Furthermore, neither the use of bMP nor pH adjustment showed any adverse effect on the microalgal cell growth or the co-existing bacterial species, as confirmed from the subsequent medium-recycling test and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyubock Lee
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeun Lee
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea; Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramasamy Praveenkumar
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohwa Kim
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea; Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Goo Jeon
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Geol Na
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Myung Kim
- Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
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Park JY, Nam B, Choi SA, Oh YK, Lee JS. Effects of anionic surfactant on extraction of free fatty acid from Chlorella vulgaris. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 166:620-4. [PMID: 24929300 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal lipid with a high free fatty acid (FFA) content was directly extracted from Chlorella vulgaris, using SDBS, in an acid-catalyzed hot-water extraction process. The total fatty acid content of C. vulgaris was 296.0 mg/g cell. Under the 1.0% sulfuric acid, 0.4% SDBS conditions, the FFA content of the lipid increased to 96.7%, and the lipid-extraction yield was 248.4 mg/g cell. Under the 2.0% sulfuric acid, 0.2% SDBS conditions, the FFA content of the lipid was 96.1%, and the lipid-extraction yield was 266.0mg/g cell. Whereas the FAME content of the microalgal lipid extracted by hexane-methanol was 76.4% at the 10.0% sulfuric acid concentration, the FAME content of the high-FFA microalgal lipid was increased to 70.1% at a sulfuric acid concentration of only 0.1%. By combined sulfuric acid/SDBS treatment, high-FFA microalgal lipid was extracted in large yields; moreover, the amount of catalyst was remarkably reduced in the esterification of FFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Park
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bora Nam
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-A Choi
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Suk Lee
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
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41
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Park JY, Choi SA, Jeong MJ, Nam B, Oh YK, Lee JS. Changes in fatty acid composition of Chlorella vulgaris by hypochlorous acid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 162:379-83. [PMID: 24785789 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid treatment of a microalga, Chlorella vulgaris, was investigated to improve the quality of microalgal lipid and to obtain high biodiesel-conversion yield. Because chlorophyll deactivates the catalyst for biodiesel conversion, its removal in the lipid-extraction step enhances biodiesel productivity. When microalgae contacted the hypochlorous acid, chlorophyll was removed, and resultant changes in fatty acid composition of microalgal lipid were observed. The lipid-extraction yield after activated clay treatment was 32.7 mg lipid/g cell; after NaClO treatment at 0.8% available chlorine concentration, it was 95.2 mg lipid/g cell; and after NaCl electrolysis treatment at the 1 g/L cell concentration, it was 102.4 mg lipid/g cell. While the contents of all of the unsaturated fatty acids except oleic acid, in the microalgal lipid, decreased as the result of NaClO treatment, the contents of all of the unsaturated fatty acids including oleic acid decreased as the result of NaCl electrolysis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Park
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-A Choi
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Jeong
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Nam
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Suk Lee
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
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42
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Choi SA, Jung JY, Kim K, Lee JS, Kwon JH, Kim SW, Yang JW, Park JY. Acid-catalyzed hot-water extraction of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich lipids from Aurantiochytrium sp. KRS101. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 161:469-472. [PMID: 24755396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, acid-catalyzed hot-water extraction of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich lipids from Aurantiochytrium sp. was performed, and its yield-enhancing effects were investigated. The total fatty acid content of the Aurantiochytrium sp. was 482.5mg/g cell, of which 141.7mg/g cell (29.4% of total fatty acids) was DHA. The lipid-extraction yield by acid-catalyzed hot-water treatment was compared with those by organic solvents. Among the various acid-catalyzed hot-water treatment conditions, the most optimal were 1.00% H2SO4 concentration, 100°C, 30min, under which the lipid-extraction yield was 472.4mg/g cell, and most of the DHA was extracted (29.2% of total fatty acids). Acid-catalyzed hot-water extraction treatment markedly improved the lipid-extraction yield of Aurantiochytrium sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-A Choi
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Young Jung
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyochan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Suk Lee
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Wook Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Yang
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
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