1
|
Abera GB, Trømborg E, Solli L, Walter JM, Wahid R, Govasmark E, Horn SJ, Aryal N, Feng L. Biofilm application for anaerobic digestion: a systematic review and an industrial scale case. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:145. [PMID: 39695822 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 11/27/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024]
Abstract
Biofilm is a syntrophic community of microorganisms enveloped by extracellular polymeric substances and displays remarkable adaptability to dynamic environments. Implementing biofilm in anaerobic digestion has been widely investigated and applied as it promotes microbial retention time and enhances the efficiency. Previous studies on anaerobic biofilm primarily focused on application in wastewater treatment, while its role has been significantly extended to accelerate the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass, improve gas-liquid mass transfer for biogas upgrading, or enhance resistance to inhibitors or toxic pollutants. This work comprehensively reviewed the current applications of biofilm in anaerobic digestion and focused on impacting factors, optimization strategies, reactor set-up, and microbial communities. Moreover, a full-scale biofilm reactor case from Norway is also reported. This review provides a state of-the- art insight on the role of biofilm in anaerobic digestion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Birhanu Abera
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Postbox 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
- Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, Postbox 128, Shashemene, Ethiopia
| | - Erik Trømborg
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Postbox 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Linn Solli
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Postbox 115, NO-1431, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Radziah Wahid
- Antec Biogas As, Olaf Helsets Vei 5, 0694, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Svein Jarle Horn
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Postbox 115, NO-1431, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Postbox 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Nabin Aryal
- Department of Process, Energy and Environmental Technology, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Campus Porsgrunn, Kjølnes Ring 56, 3918, Porsgrunn, Norway
| | - Lu Feng
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Postbox 115, NO-1431, Ås, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen H, Xia A, Yan H, Huang Y, Zhu X, Zhu X, Liao Q. Mass transfer in heterogeneous biofilms: Key issues in biofilm reactors and AI-driven performance prediction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 22:100480. [PMID: 39309319 PMCID: PMC11416670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Biofilm reactors, known for utilizing biofilm formation for cell immobilization, offer enhanced biomass concentration and operational stability over traditional planktonic systems. However, the dense nature of biofilms poses challenges for substrate accessibility to cells and the efficient release of products, making mass transfer efficiency a critical issue in these systems. Recent advancements have unveiled the intricate, heterogeneous architecture of biofilms, contradicting the earlier view of them as uniform, porous structures with consistent mass transfer properties. In this review, we explore six biofilm reactor configurations and their potential combinations, emphasizing how the spatial arrangement of biofilms within reactors influences mass transfer efficiency and overall reactor performance. Furthermore, we discuss how to apply artificial intelligence in processing biofilm measurement data and predicting reactor performance. This review highlights the role of biofilm reactors in environmental and energy sectors, paving the way for future innovations in biofilm-based technologies and their broader applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huize Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Huchao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xianqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei J, Huang X, Wang H, Wang F, Liu X, Yan Y, Qu Y. Insight into biofilm formation of wastewater treatment processes: Nitrogen removal performance and biological mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166550. [PMID: 37633400 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation affects biological nitrogen (N) removal, and a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) was set up to evaluate the changes in N removal and microbial characteristics during biofilm formation. The results indicated that the average effluent concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and total nitrogen (TN) in the SBBR were 27.48, 1.41, and 13.52 mg L-1, respectively after biofilm formation. Furthermore, this process increased microbial richness, but reduced microbial diversity. Patescibacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroides were the dominant phyla that did not change after biofilm formation. After biofilm formation, Firmicutes was eliminated while Spirochaetes involved in the interspecies relationship. Biofilm increased the nitrification and denitrification relating coding genes abundance (hao, narG, narZ, nxrA, narH, narY, nxrB, napA, napB, norB, norC and nosZ), and enhanced the processes of N respiration and denitrification, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism and membrane transport. Meanwhile, correlation analysis between genera and transcriptome reflected that Zooglea, Micropruina, Aeromonas and Tessaracoccus played essential roles in biofilm formation and N removal. The key enzyme abundance of EC:1.7.99.1, EC:1.7.2.4, and EC:1.1.1.42 of N and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle increased after biofilm formation. This study can reveal the effect of biofilm formation on biological N removal and provide a theoretical foundation for the application of biofilm process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resources Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resources Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fupeng Wang
- Northeast China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co. Ltd, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xueyong Liu
- Northeast China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co. Ltd, Jilin 130021, China; Urban and Rural Water Environment Technology R&D Center, China Communications Construction Co. Ltd, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Northeast China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co. Ltd, Jilin 130021, China; Urban and Rural Water Environment Technology R&D Center, China Communications Construction Co. Ltd, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yanhui Qu
- China Urban and Rural Holdings Group Co. Ltd, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Influence of MBBR carrier geometrical properties and biofilm thickness restraint on biofilm properties, effluent particle size distribution, settling velocity distribution, and settling behaviour. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 122:138-149. [PMID: 35717079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The relatively poor settling characteristics of particles produced in moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) outline the importance of developing a fundamental understanding of the characterization and settleability of MBBR-produced solids. The influence of carrier geometric properties and different levels of biofilm thickness on biofilm characteristics, solids production, particle size distribution (PSD), and particle settling velocity distribution (PSVD) is evaluated in this study. The analytical ViCAs method is applied to the MBBR effluent to assess the distribution of particle settling velocities. This method is combined with microscopy imaging to relate particle size distribution to settling velocity. Three conventionally loaded MBBR systems are studied at a similar loading rate of 6.0 g/(m2 •day) and with different carrier types. The AnoxK™ K5 carrier, a commonly used carrier, is compared to so-called thickness-restraint carriers, AnoxK™ Z-carriers that are newly designed carriers to limit the biofilm thickness. Moreover, two levels of biofilm thickness, 200 μm and 400 μm, are studied using AnoxK™ Z-200 and Z-400 carriers. Statistical analysis confirms that K5 carriers demonstrated a significantly different biofilm mass, thickness, and density, in addition to distinct trends in PSD and PSVD in comparison with Z-carriers. However, in comparison of thickness-restraint carriers, Z-200 carrier results did not vary significantly compared to the Z-400 carrier. The K5 carriers showed the lowest production of suspended solids (0.7 ± 0.3 g-TSS/day), thickest biofilm (281.1 ± 8.7 µm) and lowest biofilm density (65.0 ± 1.5 kg/m3). The K5 effluent solids also showed enhanced settling behaviour, consisting of larger particles with faster settling velocities.
Collapse
|
5
|
A Fixed-Film Bio-Media Process Used for Biological Nitrogen Removal from Sewage Treatment Plant. NITROGEN 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen3030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a lab-scale fixed-film bio-media process was developed and operated to evaluate nitrogen removal from domestic sewage treatment plants. For nitrogen removal, the fixed-film bio-media process was applied in series with anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic units in three separate reactors that were operated continuously at the same loading rates and hydraulic retention time. A biofilm separation bioreactor was developed for on-site domestic wastewater treatment and the bioreactor employed synthetic fiber modules so that the biomass could be completely attached to the media. In this paper, the performance of the fixed-film bio-media process with an average flow rate was evaluated before and after stabilization of the treatment system for nitrogen removal. The results show that the fixed-film bio-media process was successful for improved nitrogen removal from secondary and tertiary treated wastewater, with a 77% decrease in the total nitrogen discharge. Rapid nitrification could be achieved, and denitrification was performed in the anoxic filter with external carbon supplements during tertiary treated sewage wastewater. However, aeration was supplied after the stabilization process to achieve the nitrification and denitrification reaction for nitrogen removal. However, stable aeration supply could enhance nitrification at moderate temperature with benefits from complete retention of nitrifying bacteria within the system due to bio-media separation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Fan Y, Zhang M, Cheng J, Yong D, Ji J, Wu Q, He C. Elucidating nitrifying performance, nitrite accumulation and microbial community in a three-stage plug flow moving bed biofilm reactor (PF - MBBR). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134087. [PMID: 35216986 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A three-stage plug flow moving bed biofilm reactor (PF - MBBR, consisting of three identical chambers of N1, N2 and N3) was proposed for nitrifier enrichment using synthetic wastewater. During the stable operation, the average NH4+-N effluent was 0.67 mg/L and NH4+-N removal was as high as 97.19% with the nitrite accumulation ratio (NAR) of 54.23%, although the biofilm thickness and biomass both presented downward trends from N1 (296 μm, 2280 mg/L), N2 (248 μm, 1850 mg/L) to N3 (198 μm, 1545 mg/L). Particularly, the comparative results of three stages revealed that N2 showed the optimum NH4+-N removal (77.27%) and NAR (75.21%) in the continuous-flow, while NAR of N3 unexpectedly maintained a high level of 65.83% in the batch test, suggesting that ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) accounted for absolute advantage over nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). High-throughput sequencing initially verified different distribution of bacterial community structure, where N2 was far away from N1 and N3 with the lowest community richness and community diversity (operational taxonomic units (OTUs): 454(N2)<527(N3)<621(N1)). Proteobacteria (77.60%-83.09%), Bacteroidetes (1.66%-3.66%), Acidobacteria (2.28%-4.67%), and Planctomycetes (1.19%-6.63%) were the major phyla. At the genus level, AOB (mainly Nitrosomonas) accounted for 5.08% (N1), 20.74% (N2) and 14.24% (N3) while NOB (mainly Nitrospira) increased from 0.14% (N1), 7.06% (N2) to 4.91% (N3) with the total percentages of 5.22%, 27.80% and 19.15%. Finally, the application feasibility of MBBR optimization linked with nitrite (NO2--N) accumulation for deep-level nutrient removal was discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Fan
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225100, PR China
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China.
| | - Jilin Cheng
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225100, PR China
| | - Daming Yong
- Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China
| | - Junjie Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China
| | - Qichao Wu
- Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China
| | - Chengda He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shitu A, Liu G, Muhammad AI, Zhang Y, Tadda MA, Qi W, Liu D, Ye Z, Zhu S. Recent advances in application of moving bed bioreactors for wastewater treatment from recirculating aquaculture systems: A review. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
8
|
Organic matter removal in a simultaneous nitrification-denitrification process using fixed-film system. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1882. [PMID: 35115557 PMCID: PMC8814013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine wastewater treatment is a complex challenge, due to the high organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) concentrations which require an efficient process. This study focused on evaluating two different support media for OM and N removal from an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor fed with swine wastewater. Maximum specific nitrification (MSNA) and denitrification (MSDA) activity test for both biofilm and suspended biomass were carried out using as supports: polyurethane foam (R1) and polyethylene rings (R2). The results showed that R2 system was more efficiently than R1, reaching OM removal of 77 ± 8% and N of 98 ± 4%, attributed to higher specific denitrifying activity recorded (5.3 ± 0.34 g NO3-N/g TVS∙h). Furthermore, 40 ± 5% of the initial N in the wastewater could have been transformed into molecular nitrogen through SND, of which only 10 ± 1% was volatilized. In this sense, MSDA tests indicated that suspended biomass was responsible for at least 70% of N removal and only 20% can be attributed to biofilm. SND could be confirmed with the analysis of microbial diversity, due to the presence of the genus Pseudomonas dominated the prokaryotic community of the system in 54.4%.
Collapse
|
9
|
Cayetano RDA, Kim GB, Park J, Yang YH, Jeon BH, Jang M, Kim SH. Biofilm formation as a method of improved treatment during anaerobic digestion of organic matter for biogas recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126309. [PMID: 34798247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of anaerobic digestion could be increased by promoting microbial retention through biofilm development. The inclusion of certain types of biofilm carriers has differentiated existing AD biofilm reactors through their respective mode of biofilm growth. Bacteria and archaea engaged in methanogenesis during anaerobic processes potentially build biofilms by adhering or attaching to biofilm carriers. Meta-analyzed results depicted varying degrees of biogas enhancement within AD biofilm reactors. Furthermore, different carrier materials highly induced the dynamicity of the dominant microbial population in each system. It is suggested that the promotion of surface contact and improvement of interspecies electron transport have greatly impacted the treatment results. Modern spectroscopy techniques have been and will continue to give essential information regarding biofilm's composition and structural organization which can be useful in elucidating the added function of this special layer of microbial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roent Dune A Cayetano
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Beom Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsu Park
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ronan E, Aqeel H, Wolfaardt GM, Liss SN. Recent advancements in the biological treatment of high strength ammonia wastewater. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:158. [PMID: 34420110 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The estimated global population growth of 81 million people per year, combined with increased rates of urbanization and associated industrial processes, result in volumes of high strength ammonia wastewater that cannot be treated in a cost-effective or sustainable manner using the floc-based conventional activated sludge approach of nitrification and denitrification. Biofilm and aerobic granular sludge technologies have shown promise to significantly improve the performance of biological nitrogen removal systems treating high strength wastewater. This is partly due to enhanced biomass retention and their ability to sustain diverse microbial populations with juxtaposing growth requirements. Recent research has also demonstrated the value of hybrid systems with heterogeneous bioaggregates to mitigate biofilm and granule instability during long-term operation. In the context of high strength ammonia wastewater treatment, conventional nitrification-denitrification is hampered by high energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Anammox-based processes such as partial nitritation-anammox and partial denitrification-anammox represent more cost-effective and sustainable methods of removing reactive nitrogen from wastewater. There is also growing interest in the use of photosynthetic bacteria for ammonia recovery from high strength waste streams, such that nitrogen can be captured and concentrated in its reactive form and recycled into high value products. The purpose of this review is to explore recent advancements and emerging approaches related to high strength ammonia wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Ronan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Hussain Aqeel
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.,School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Gideon M Wolfaardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Steven N Liss
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada. .,School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada. .,Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ni H, Qian J, Arslan M, Zhou X, Luo Z, Wei J, Gamal El-Din M, Wu Z. Treatment of high-load organic wastewater by novel basalt fiber carrier media. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143760. [PMID: 33333304 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The carrier medium plays a key role in improving existing remediation potential of conventional biological contact oxidation reactors. In this study, a biological contact oxidation reactor was constructed using basalt fiber (R-BF) as a biological carrier. The bioreactor performance was investigated in terms of reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), and total nitrogen (TN) at organic loadings rate of 15.243 kg/m3·d and nitrogen loading rate of 1.068 kg/m3·d. We found that COD, NH4+-N, and TN were reduced to 99.1%, 97.9%, and 97.8%, respectively. Within the R-BF, a bio-nest was developed which had abundant pores and channels and supported successful movement of nutrients, resulting in high biological activity (55.78%). The microbial communities within the bio-nest were diverse and rich and sludge production during operation was minimal. This makes BF a promising application for wastewater treatment. This research might be useful in the construction of integrated bioreactors that can operate under high organic and nitrogen loadings rates with reduced energy consumption, i.e. 75% in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huicheng Ni
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Junchao Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.1 Kerui Road, SuZhou 215009, China
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Xiangtong Zhou
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhijun Luo
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jing Wei
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Zhiren Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang X, Ding J, Gao F, Zhou X, Wei J, Liang Z, Liu Z, Xiao X, Wu Z. Enhancement of nitrogen removal in hybrid wastewater treatment system using ferric citrate modified basalt fiber biocarrier. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-12941-7. [PMID: 33638791 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing biofilm carriers is of great significance for efficient wastewater treatment. In this work, ferric citrate was used to modify inorganic basalt fiber (BF) biocarrier, thus improving its surface properties and the nitrogen removal in hybrid wastewater treatment system. The results showed that the iron element on modified basalt fiber (Fe-MBF) existed in the forms of ferric citrate, Fe(OH)3, Fe2O3, and FeO. The ferric deposition increased the surface roughness, hydrophilicity and reduced the electronegativity of BF. The water contact angle of BF and Fe-MBF was 117.46° and 64.85°, respectively. The surface zeta potential of BF was -17.64 mV, but shifted positively (-8.67 mV) after deposition modification. The microorganism adhesion tests showed that the attached biomass and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content on Fe-MBF biocarrier significantly increased and the attached bacteria had also high viability. The Fe-MBF biocarrier showed good nitrogen removal performance in the hybrid bioreactor, with total nitrogen removal efficiency up to 95.35±0.82%, increasing by about 16% compared to that with unmodified BF biocarrier. This work also provided a green modification strategy to enhance biofilm carrier in wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiazeng Ding
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengyi Gao
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangtong Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhishui Liang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiren Wu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Proano-Pena G, Carrano AL, Blersch DM. Analysis of very-high surface area 3D-printed media in a moving bed biofilm reactor for wastewater treatment. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238386. [PMID: 32853235 PMCID: PMC7451639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBRs) can efficiently treat wastewater by incorporating suspended biocarriers that provide attachment surfaces for active microorganisms. The performance of MBBRs for wastewater treatment is, among other factors, contingent upon the characteristics of the surface area of the biocarriers. Thus, novel biocarrier topology designs can potentially increase MBBR performance in a significant manner. The goal of this work is to assess the performance of 3-D-printed biofilter media biocarriers with varying surface area designs for use in nitrifying MBBRs for wastewater treatment. Mathematical models, rendering, and 3D printing were used to design and fabricate gyroid-shaped biocarriers with a high degree of complexity at three different levels of specific surface area (SSA), generally providing greater specific surface areas than currently available commercial designs. The biocarriers were inoculated with a nitrifying bacteria community, and tested in a series of batch reactors for ammonia conversion to nitrate, in three different experimental configurations: constant fill ratio, constant total surface area, and constant biocarrier media count. Results showed that large and medium SSA gyroid biocarriers delivered the best ammonia conversion performance of all designs, and significantly better than that of a standard commercial design. The percentage of ammonia nitrogen conversion at 8 hours for the best performing biocarrier design was: 99.33% (large SSA gyroid, constant fill ratio), 94.74% (medium SSA gyroid, constant total surface area), and 92.73% (large SSA gyroid, constant biocarrier media count). Additionally, it is shown that the ammonia conversion performance was correlated to the specific surface area of the biocarrier, with the greatest rates of ammonia conversion (99.33%) and nitrate production (2.7 mg/L) for manufactured gyroid biocarriers with a specific surface area greater than 1980.5 m2/m3. The results suggest that the performance of commercial MBBRs for wastewater treatment can be greatly improved by manipulation of media design through topology optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andres L. Carrano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - David M. Blersch
- Biosystems Engineering Department, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Waqas S, Bilad MR, Man Z, Wibisono Y, Jaafar J, Indra Mahlia TM, Khan AL, Aslam M. Recent progress in integrated fixed-film activated sludge process for wastewater treatment: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 268:110718. [PMID: 32510449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process is considered as one of the leading-edge processes that provides a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment. IFAS was introduced as an advancement of the moving bed biofilm reactor by integrating the attached and the suspended growth systems. IFAS offers advantages over the conventional activated sludge process such as reduced footprint, enhanced nutrient removal, complete nitrification, longer solids retention time and better removal of anthropogenic composites. IFAS has been recognized as an attractive option as stated from the results of many pilot and full scales studies. Generally, IFAS achieves >90% removals for combined chemical oxygen demand and ammonia, improves sludge settling properties and enhances operational stability. Recently developed IFAS reactors incorporate frameworks for either methane production, energy generation through algae, or microbial fuel cells. This review details the recent development in IFAS with the focus on the pilot and full-scale applications. The microbial community analyses of IFAS biofilm and floc are underlined along with the special emphasis on organics and nitrogen removals, as well as the future research perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharjeel Waqas
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Zakaria Man
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yusuf Wibisono
- Bioprocess Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Asim Laeeq Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yi H, Li M, Huo X, Zeng G, Lai C, Huang D, An Z, Qin L, Liu X, Li B, Liu S, Fu Y, Zhang M. Recent development of advanced biotechnology for wastewater treatment. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 40:99-118. [PMID: 31690134 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1682964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The importance of highly efficient wastewater treatment is evident from aggravated water crises. With the development of green technology, wastewater treatment is required in an eco-friendly manner. Biotechnology is a promising solution to address this problem, including treatment and monitoring processes. The main directions and differences in biotreatment process are related to the surrounding environmental conditions, biological processes, and the type of microorganisms. It is significant to find suitable biotreatment methods to meet the specific requirements for practical situations. In this review, we first provide a comprehensive overview of optimized biotreatment processes for treating wastewater during different conditions. Both the advantages and disadvantages of these biotechnologies are discussed at length, along with their application scope. Then, we elaborated on recent developments of advanced biosensors (i.e. optical, electrochemical, and other biosensors) for monitoring processes. Finally, we discuss the limitations and perspectives of biological methods and biosensors applied in wastewater treatment. Overall, this review aims to project a rapid developmental path showing a broad vision of recent biotechnologies, applications, challenges, and opportunities for scholars in biotechnological fields for "green" wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minfang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiuqin Huo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cui Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danlian Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziwen An
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xigui Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bisheng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yukui Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang X, Wei J, Zhou X, Horio A, Li S, Chen Y, Jiang S, Liang Z, Wu Z, Qiu F. Evaluation of modified basalt fiber as biological carrier media for wastewater treatment with the extended DLVO theory model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:29789-29798. [PMID: 31407258 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, environment-friendly inorganic basalt fiber (BF) was used as bio-carrier for wastewater treatment. To enhance the bio-affinity, raw BF was modified by grafting the diethylamino functional groups to make the surface more hydrophilic and electro-positive. Contact angle and zeta potential of modified basalt fiber (MBF) were characterized. The capacity of MBF bio-carriers was evaluated by microorganism immobilization tests. To explain the mechanism of capacity enhancement by modification, the profiles of total interaction energy barrier between raw BF (or MBF) and bacteria (Escherichia coli, E. coli) were discussed based on the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. The results showed the contact angle of fiber decreased from 89.71° to 63.08° after modification, and zeta potential increased from - 18.53 to +10.58 mV. The microorganism immobilization tests showed that the surface modification accelerated the initial bacterial adhesion on fiber. The total interaction energy barrier between MBF and E. coli disappeared as a result of electrostatic and hydrophilic attractive forces, and enhanced the irreversible adhesion. MBF bio-carrier medium provides a promising alternative to conventional bio-carrier materials for wastewater treatment. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Xiangtong Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Akihiro Horio
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Gunma College, Gunma, 371-8530, Japan
| | - Shanwei Li
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Jiangsu ATK Environmental Engineering R&D Institute, Jiangsu, 214214, China
| | - Suying Jiang
- Jiangsu ATK Environmental Engineering R&D Institute, Jiangsu, 214214, China
| | - Zhishui Liang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Zhiren Wu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Fengxian Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Process analysis and optimization of single stage flexible fibre biofilm reactor treating milk processing industrial wastewater using response surface methodology (RSM). Chem Eng Res Des 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
18
|
Roveto PM, Schuler AJ. Performance and diversity responses of nitrifying biofilms developed on varied materials and topographies to stepwise increases of aeration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 281:429-439. [PMID: 30851582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrifying biofilms were grown on 3D-printed nylon with three different surface characteristics (flat, millimeter-scale indentations, and indentations with activated carbon (AC) coating) and were subjected to sequentially increasing aeration-based shear to determine the interplay between surface, performance, and microbial populations towards improved design of wastewater treatment media. Biofilms were evaluated for nitrification, biomass detachment, and microbial composition based on Illumina 16s rRNA sequencing. Indentations provided greater stability over flat with respect to population diversity after detachment events but did not improve ammonia removal. AC-surface biofilm had significantly higher removal than uncoated surfaces at low aeration (1.0 L/min, fine) and significantly lower at high aeration (5.0 L/min, coarse). Principal component analyses of microbial communities illustrated temporal shifts over two similar cycles of growth and shear-induced biomass loss, demonstrating that biofilms grew similar consortia across all surfaces, but tended to revert to earlier individual compositions after shear events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Roveto
- University of New Mexico, Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, United States.
| | - Andrew J Schuler
- University of New Mexico, Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, United States.
| |
Collapse
|