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Azwar E, Mahari WAW, Liew RK, Ramlee MZ, Verma M, Chong WWF, Peng W, Ng HS, Naushad M, Sonne C, Lam SS. Remediation and recovery of Kariba weed as emerging contaminant in freshwater and shellfish aquaculture system via solvothermal liquefaction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162673. [PMID: 36894104 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fast growing Kariba weed causes major problems and pollution on freshwater and shellfish aquaculture systems by interfering with nutrient uptake of crops, restricting sunlight penetration, and decreasing water quality due to massive biomass of Kariba weed remnants. Solvothermal liquefaction is considered an emerging thermochemical technique to convert waste into high yield of value-added products. Solvothermal liquefaction (STL) of Kariba weed as an emerging contaminant was performed to investigate the effects of different types of solvents (ethanol and methanol) and Kariba weed mass loadings (2.5-10 % w/v) on treating and reducing the weed via conversion into potentially useful crude oil product and char. Up to 92.53 % of Kariba weed has been reduced via this technique. The optimal conditions for crude oil production were found to be at 5 % w/v of mass loading in methanol medium, resulting in a high heating value (HHV) of 34.66 MJ/kg and yield of 20.86 wt%, whereas the biochar production was found to be optimum at 7.5 % w/v of mass loading in methanol medium, resulting in 29.92 MJ/kg of HHV and 25.38 wt% of yield. The crude oil consisted of beneficial chemical compounds for biofuel production such as hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (65.02 peak area %) and the biochar showed high carbon content (72.83 %). In conclusion, STL as a remediation for emerging Kariba weed is a feasible process for shellfish aquaculture waste treatment and biofuels production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elfina Azwar
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wan Adibah Wan Mahari
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Rock Keey Liew
- NV WESTERN PLT, No. 208B, Second Floor, Macalister Road, 10400 Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zulhilmi Ramlee
- Centre of Research and Field Service, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- University Centre for Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - William Woei Fong Chong
- Automotive Development Centre (ADC), Institute for Vehicle Systems and Engineering (IVeSE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Hui Suan Ng
- Centre for Research and Graduate Studies, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, 63000 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mu Naushad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia; Automotive Development Centre (ADC), Institute for Vehicle Systems and Engineering (IVeSE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia.
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Soares Dias AP, Rijo B, Santos F, Galhanos Dos Santos R, Frade T. Overview on biofuels production in a seaweed biorefinery. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163714. [PMID: 37100156 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The policy makers gathered at COP27 set a goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C above the pre- industrial level which requires a reduction of CO2 emissions of 43% by 2030 (relative to 2019 value). To meet this target, it is imperative to replace fossil derivatives (fuels and chemicals) with biomass derivatives. Given that 70% of planet Earth is the ocean, blue carbon can contribute significantly to the mitigation of anthropogenic carbon emissions. Marine macroalgal, or seaweed, that stores carbon, mostly, in the form of sugars rather than lignocellulosic, like terrestrial biomass, is suitable as input raw material for biorefineries. Seaweed biomass has high growth rates, does not require fresh water or arable land, and therefore does not compete with conventional food production. To make seaweed based biorefineries profitable the valorization of biomass has to be maximized through cascade processes with the production of several high-value products such as pharmaceuticals/chemicals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food, feed, fertilizers/biostimulants and low-carbon fuels. The composition of macroalgae, which varies depending on the species (green, red, or brown), the region in which it is grown, and the time of year, determines the variety of goods that can be made from it. Fuels must be made from seaweed leftovers since the market value of pharmaceuticals and chemicals is substantially larger than that of fuels. The following sections present a literature review on seaweed biomass valorization in the context of biorefinery with particular emphasis on low-carbon fuel production processes. An overview of seaweed's geographical distribution, composition, and production processes is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Soares Dias
- CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Bruna Rijo
- CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; CoLAB BIOREF-Collaborative Laboratory for Biorefineries, 4466-901 São Mamede de Infesta, Portugal.
| | - Francisco Santos
- CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Galhanos Dos Santos
- CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tânia Frade
- CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Pyrolysis Kinetics of Byrsonima crassifolia Stone as Agro-Industrial Waste through Isoconversional Models. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020544. [PMID: 36677602 PMCID: PMC9862415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed at the analysis of the pyrolysis kinetics of Nanche stone BSC (Byrsonima crassifolia) as an agro-industrial waste using non-isothermal thermogravimetric experiments by determination of triplet kinetics; apparent activation energy, pre-exponential factor, and reaction model, as well as thermodynamic parameters to gather the required fundamental information for the design, construction, and operation of a pilot-scale reactor for the pyrolysis this lignocellulosic residue. Results indicate a biomass of low moisture and ash content and a high volatile matter content (≥70%), making BCS a potential candidate for obtaining various bioenergy products. Average apparent activation energies obtained from different methods (KAS, FWO and SK) were consistent in value (~123.8 kJ/mol). The pre-exponential factor from the Kissinger method ranged from 105 to 1014 min-1 for the highest pyrolytic activity stage, indicating a high-temperature reactive system. The thermodynamic parameters revealed a small difference between EA and ∆H (5.2 kJ/mol), which favors the pyrolysis reaction and indicates the feasibility of the energetic process. According to the analysis of the reaction models (master plot method), the pyrolytic degradation was dominated by a decreasing reaction order as a function of the degree of conversion. Moreover, BCS has a relatively high calorific value (14.9 MJ/kg) and a relatively low average apparent activation energy (122.7 kJ/mol) from the Starink method, which makes this biomass very suitable to be exploited for value-added energy production.
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Slow Pyrolysis of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) for Sustainable Production of Bio-Oil and Biochar. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ulva Lactuca is a fast-growing algae that can be utilized as a bioenergy source. However, the direct utilization of U. lactuca for energy applications still remains challenging due to its high moisture and inorganics content. Therefore, thermochemical processing such as slow pyrolysis to produce valuable added products, namely bio-oil and biochar, is needed. This study aims to conduct a thorough investigation of bio-oil and biochar production from U. lactuca to provide valuable data for its further valorization. A slow pyrolysis of U. lactuca was conducted in a batch-type reactor at a temperature range of 400–600 °C and times of 10–50 min. The results showed that significant compounds obtained in U. lactuca’s bio-oil are carboxylic acids (22.63–35.28%), phenolics (9.73–31.89%), amines/amides (15.33–23.31%), and N-aromatic compounds (14.04–15.68%). The ultimate analysis revealed that biochar’s H/C and O/C atomic ratios were lower than feedstock, confirming that dehydration and decarboxylation reactions occurred throughout the pyrolysis. Additionally, biochar exhibited calorific values in the range of 19.94–21.61 MJ kg−1, which is potential to be used as a solid renewable fuel. The surface morphological analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed a larger surface area in U. lactuca’s biochar than in the algal feedstock. Overall, this finding provides insight on the valorization of U. lactuca for value-added chemicals, i.e., biofuels and biochar, which can be further utilized for other applications.
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Azwar E, Chan DJC, Kasan NA, Rastegari H, Yang Y, Sonne C, Tabatabaei M, Aghbashlo M, Lam SS. A comparative study on physicochemical properties, pyrolytic behaviour and kinetic parameters of environmentally harmful aquatic weeds for sustainable shellfish aquaculture. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127329. [PMID: 34601414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic weeds pose hazards to aquatic ecosystems and particularly the aquatic environment in shellfish aquaculture due to its excessive growth covering entire freshwater bodies, leading to environmental pollution particularly eutrophication intensification, water quality depletion and aquatic organism fatality. In this study, pyrolysis of six aquatic weed types (wild and cultured species of Salvinia sp., Lemna sp. and Spirodella sp.) were investigated to evaluate its potential to reduce and convert the weeds into value-added chemicals. The aquatic weeds demonstrated high fixed carbon (8.7-47.3 wt%), volatile matter content (39.0-76.9 wt%), H/C ratio (1.5-2.0) and higher heating value (6.6-18.8 MJ/kg), representing desirable physicochemical properties for conversion into biofuels. Kinetic analysis via Coats-Redfern integral method obtained different orders for chemical reaction mechanisms (n = 1, 1.5, 2, 3), activation energy (55.94-209.41 kJ/mol) and pre-exponential factor (4.08 × 104-4.20 × 1017 s-1) at different reaction zones (zone 1: 150-268 °C, zone 2: 268-409 °C, zone 3: 409-600 °C). The results provide useful information for design and optimization of the pyrolysis reactor and establishment of the process condition to dispose this environmentally harmful species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elfina Azwar
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (Akuatrop), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Derek Juinn Chieh Chan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azman Kasan
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (Akuatrop), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hajar Rastegari
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (Akuatrop), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Yafeng Yang
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Christian Sonne
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Arctic Research Center (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (Akuatrop), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (Akuatrop), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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Sangaré D, Bostyn S, Moscosa Santillán M, García-Alamilla P, Belandria V, Gökalp I. Comparative pyrolysis studies of lignocellulosic biomasses: Online gas quantification, kinetics triplets, and thermodynamic parameters of the process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126598. [PMID: 34953991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the analysis of the pyrolytic behavior of four lignocellulosic biomasses: avocado stone (AS), Agave salmiana bagasse (AB), cocoa shell (CS), and α-cellulose (CEL). According to the triplet kinetics analysis, the order of pyrolytic decomposition was AS < AB < CEL < CS. The AS was dominated by a second-order reaction, while AB followed a 2D diffusion-Valensi model. On the other hand, the pyrolysis of CS starts with an nth-order reaction and ends random nucleation model, and CEL was dominated by one-dimensional diffusion and first-order reaction. Thermodynamic studies reveal that the difference between the activation energy versus enthalpy change was<6.5 kJ/mol for all biomasses, thus showing the ease of pyrolysis reaction of these biomasses. Furthermore, the AS and AB showed that the reactions are close to thermodynamic equilibrium and stability, whereas CS and CEL indicated high reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diakaridia Sangaré
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE)-CNRS UPR3021, 1C avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Av. Dr. Nava # 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, C.P. 78210, Mexico
| | - Stéphane Bostyn
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE)-CNRS UPR3021, 1C avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France; Université d'Orléans, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, 16 rue d'Issoudun, BP16724, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Mario Moscosa Santillán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Av. Dr. Nava # 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, C.P. 78210, Mexico.
| | - Pedro García-Alamilla
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias (DACA), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Carret. Villahermosa-Teapa Km 25 Ra. La Huasteca. Centro, Tabasco C.P. 86280, Mexico
| | - Verónica Belandria
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE)-CNRS UPR3021, 1C avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France; Université d'Orléans, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, 16 rue d'Issoudun, BP16724, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Iskender Gökalp
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE)-CNRS UPR3021, 1C avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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Banerjee A, Vithusha T, Krishna BB, Kumar J, Bhaskar T, Ghosh D. Pyrolysis of de-oiled yeast biomass of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa IIPL32: Kinetics and thermodynamic parameters using thermogravimetric analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125534. [PMID: 34325397 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for natural resources has highlighted the need to search for unutilized carbon resource that satisfy the demand and pose a minor threat to the environment. Yeast is a microbe with large industrial applications, and the biomass leftover after fermentation needs utilization for achieving increased efficiency. De-oiled yeast biomass (DYB), the residue after yeast lipid extraction, has not yet been evaluated for its potential application in the pyrolysis process. The present study was performed to understand its detailed pyrolysis kinetics. The observed activation energy (87-216 KJ/mol), random nucleation mechanism, pre-exponential factor (7.87 × 1031-3.24 × 1031/min), and thermodynamic profile showed the DYB pyrolysis process to be feasible. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Banerjee
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19 Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India
| | - T Vithusha
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Bhavya B Krishna
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19 Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19 Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19 Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India
| | - Debashish Ghosh
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19 Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India.
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Luo Q, Yao Z, Qi W, Sun J, Gedanken A, Chen X, Sun Y, Liu J, Xu S, Wu W. A comprehensive study on the combustion kinetic modeling of typical electronic plastic waste-television set (TV) plastic shell. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2021; 71:701-710. [PMID: 33448913 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1874569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electronic waste is the fastest growing waste stream and one of the most significant constituents is electronic plastics. In this study, the combustion kinetic of typical electronic plastic waste-television set (TV) plastic shell-was investigated using two basic kinetic methods. The reaction mechanism and kinetic compensation effect were probed as well. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that its degradation process can be divided into four stages, namely, reaction initiation stage (20-300 °C), major reaction stage (300-450 °C), minor reaction stage (450-600 °C), and reaction cessation stage (600-1,000 °C). The activation energy (E) were calculated and indicated that, the kinetic parameters from six model-free methods gradually decreased with α increasing from 0.1 to 0.35, and then slightly increased. The Flynn--Wall--Ozawa (FWO) method was more reliable and E values decreased from 155.0 to 147.51 kJ/mol with α range of 0.1-0.35, then gradually increased to 165.21 kJ/mol. Within the Coats--Redfern method, the first-order (F1) model had higher coefficient of determination (R2) and comparable E values with that from FWO method. The result of kinetic compensation effect confirmed that the compensation effect existed between E and A during the plastic waste combustion. A linear relationship lnA = 0.183E-3.11 (R2 = 0.991) was obtained. The pre-exponential factors (A) were also determined as 7.67 × 1010 min-1 based on the F1 reaction model and FWO method.Implications: Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a complex mixture of different components and the plastic takes up a significant portion in total MSW. Understanding the combustion process of typical electronic plastic waste and further probing its combustion kinetic are significant. Through this study, it will be significant for the reactor designing and optimizing in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Luo
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhitong Yao
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qi
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyuan Sun
- Yuhuan Branch, Taizhou Department of Ecology and Environment, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Xinyang Chen
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Sun
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaodan Xu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Wu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Vasudev V, Ku X, Lin J. Pyrolysis of algal biomass: Determination of the kinetic triplet and thermodynamic analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 317:124007. [PMID: 32799076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae Spirulina has good potential for bio-oil production. Therefore, kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of its pyrolysis process was performed. The activation energy values were estimated using both differential (109-340 kJ/mol) and integral (102-272 kJ/mol) isoconversional methods. Kinetic model was determined using master plot approach and the pyrolysis reaction appeared to transition between nucleation, diffusion and order-based kinetic models. Based on sigmoidal equations, a novel kinetic model equation was proposed which can define the pyrolysis process of algal biomass showing single differential thermogravimetric peak. The proposed kinetic triplet predicted the weight loss evolution quite precisely. Additionally, the thermodynamic feasibility of the reaction was examined based on enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy. It was revealed that heat is consumed to make the raw sample reach a 'more orderly' state until a fractional conversion of 0.35. Moreover, bio-char and the remaining lipids at high temperature impede the reaction spontaneity towards the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikul Vasudev
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoke Ku
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianzhong Lin
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
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