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Li S, Huang Y, Zhou W. Simultaneous removal of cadmium and tetracycline from aqueous solutions by oxalic acid and pyrite co-modified biochar: Performance and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2025; 277:121606. [PMID: 40228692 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2025] [Revised: 03/25/2025] [Accepted: 04/11/2025] [Indexed: 04/16/2025]
Abstract
The remediation of combined contamination with heavy metals and antibiotics in soil and aqueous environments represents an ongoing challenge. In this study, a novel highly functionalized biochar-based composite (FeS2@OA-BC) was synthesised by combining oxalic acid (OA) pre-treatment with ball-milling of FeS2 for the simultaneous removal of cadmium (Cd2+) and tetracycline (TC) from aqueous solutions. FeS2@OA-BC demonstrated exceptional performance in simultaneously removing 74.7 % of Cd2+ and 95.8 % of TC from the binary systems, meanwhile the degradation rate of TC reached up to 64.8 %. Moreover, no significant competitive or promoting effects between Cd2+ and TC removal were observed by FeS2@OA-BC in binary systems. The adsorption of Cd2+ was primarily governed by three mechanisms: complexation with functional groups, Cd-π conjugation and cation exchange. Meanwhile, TC degradation relied on reactive oxygen species (ROS), where hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) played dominant roles, with singlet oxygen (1O2) contributing minimally. The co-modification of OA and FeS2 synergistically introduces abundant exogenous defect sulphur vacancies (SVs), enhancing molecular oxygen activation and stimulating more ROS for TC degradation, as well as promoting more functional groups as adsorption sites for Cd2+ complexation. This therefore ultimately led to the reinforcement of the concurrent removal of Cd2+and TC. Overall, FeS2@OA-BC shows great promise for addressing combined pollution involving heavy metals and antibiotics in environmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Li
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujiang Huang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311058, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Anji, 313300, China; The Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 311058, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Ma WJ, Zhang HM. Metagenomics deciphers the function of biochar in alleviating zinc ion stress during sulfur autotrophic denitrification process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2025; 424:132303. [PMID: 40015523 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2025] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 03/01/2025]
Abstract
Sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) process has significant potential in treating low carbon/nitrogen ratio wastewater. However, the presence of zinc ions (Zn2+) adversely affects the denitrification performance. This study investigated the effect of biochar prepared at 300 °C (BC300) and 600 °C (BC600), as well as dosing strategy, on denitrification performance in the SAD process under Zn2+ inhibition. Firstly, BC600 had a higher maximum adsorption capacity for Zn2+ than BC300 in nitrogen-containing wastewater. Surface complexation was mainly adsorption mechanism. BC300 exhibited a greater ability in enhancing denitrification ability than BC600. The strategy of synchronous addition is more effective than pre-adsorption. Firstly, BC300 enhancing humic-like component secretion. BC300 enriched higher abundance of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. More importantly, BC300 counteracted the negative effect of Zn2+ by enhancing glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, enriching functional genes, and increased the level of quorum sensing. The study presents a sustainable approach for maintaining denitrification performance under environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Han-Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China.
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Masuku M, Nure JF, Atagana HI, Hlongwa N, Nkambule TTI. Pinecone biochar for the Adsorption of chromium (VI) from wastewater: Kinetics, thermodynamics, and adsorbent regeneration. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119423. [PMID: 38889839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
High concentration of chromium in aquatic environments is the trigger for researchers to remediate it from wastewater environments. However, conventional water treatment methods have not been satisfactory in removing chromium from water and wastewater over the last decade. Similarly, many adsorption studies have been focused on one aspect of the treatment, but this study dealt with all aspects of adsorption packages to come up with a concrete conclusion. Therefore, this study aimed to prepare pinecone biochar (PBC) via pyrolysis and apply it for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater. The PBC was characterized using FTIR, SEM-EDX, BET surface area, pHpzc, Raman analyses, TGA, and XRD techniques. Chromium adsorption was studied under the influence of PBC dose, solution pH, initial Cr(VI) concentration, and contact time. The characteristics of PBC are illustrated by FTIR spectroscopic functional groups, XRD non-crystallite structure, SEM rough surface morphology, and high BET surface area125 m2/g, pore volume, 0.07 cm3/g, and pore size 1.4 nm. On the other hand, the maximum Cr (VI) adsorption of 69% was found at the experimental condition of pH 2, adsorbent dosage 0.25 mg/50 mL, initial Cr concentration 100 mg/L, and contact time of 120 min. Similarly, the experimental data were well-fitted with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm at R2 0.96 and the pseudo-second-order kinetics model at R2 0.99. This implies the adsorption process is mainly attributed to monolayer orientation between the adsorbent and adsorbate. In the thermodynamics study of adsorption, ΔG was found to be negative implying the adsorption process was feasible and spontaneous whereas the positive values of ΔH and ΔS indicated the adsorption process was endothermic and increasing the degree of randomness, respectively. Finally, adsorbent regeneration and reusability were successful up to three cycles. In conclusion, biochar surface modification and reusability improvements are urgently required before being applied at the pilot scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makhosazana Masuku
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Florida Science Campus, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jemal Fito Nure
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Florida Science Campus, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Harrison I Atagana
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Florida Science Campus, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ntuthuko Hlongwa
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Florida Science Campus, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thabo T I Nkambule
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Florida Science Campus, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Wang X, Zhang D, Ma K, Bu C, Wang Y, Tang Y, Xu J, Xu Y. Biochar and zero-valent iron alleviated sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline co-stress on the long-term system performance of bioretention cells: Insights into microbial community, antibiotic resistance genes and functional genes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118271. [PMID: 38262515 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), known as emerging contaminants, have raised widespread concern due to their potential environmental and human health risks. In this study, a conventional bioretention cell (C-BRC) and three modified bioretention cells with biochar (BC-BRC), microbial fuel cell coupled/biochar (EBC-BRC) and zero-valent iron/biochar (Fe/BC-BRC) were established and two antibiotics, namely sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and tetracycline (TC), were introduced into the systems in order to thoroughly investigate the co-stress associated with the long-term removal of pollutants, dynamics of microbial community, ARGs and functional genes in wastewater treatment. The results demonstrated that the SMX and TC co-stress significantly inhibited the removal of total nitrogen (TN) (C-BRC: 37.46%; BC-BRC: 41.64%; EBC-BRC: 55.60%) and total phosphorous (TP) (C-BRC: 53.11%; BC-BRC: 55.36%; EBC-BRC: 62.87%) in C-BRC, BC-BRC and EBC-BRC, respectively, while Fe/BC-BRC exhibited profoundly stable and high removal efficiencies (TN: 89.33%; TP: 98.36%). Remarkably, greater than 99% removals of SMX and TC were achieved in three modified BRCs compared with C-BRC (SMX: 30.86 %; TC: 59.29%). The decreasing absolute abundances of denitrifying bacteria and the low denitrification functional genes (nirK: 2.80 × 105-5.97 × 105 copies/g; nirS: 7.22 × 105-1.69 × 106 copies/g) were responsible for the lower TN removals in C-BRC, BC-BRC and EBC-BRC. The amendment of Fe/BC successfully detoxified SMX and TC to functional bacteria. Furthermore, the co-stress of antibiotics stimulated the propagation of ARGs (sulI, sulII, tetA and tetC) in substrates of all BRCs and only Fe/BC-BRC effectively reduced all the ARGs in effluent by an order of magnitude. The findings contribute to developing robust ecological wastewater treatment technologies to simultaneously remove nutrients and multiple antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Danyi Zhang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Kexin Ma
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Chibin Bu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Yanqiang Tang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Jianing Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
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Xiao W, Zhang Q, Huang M, Zhao S, Chen D, Gao N, Chu T, Ye X. Biochar loaded with root exudates of hyperaccumulator Leersia hexandra Swartz facilitated Cr(VI) reduction by shaping soil functional microbial communities. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141636. [PMID: 38447895 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Cr(VI) contamination is widely recognized as one of the major environmental hazards. To address the problem of remediation of soil Cr(VI) contamination and utilization of waste peanut shells, this study comprehensively investigated the effects of peanut shell-derived biochar loaded with root exudates of hyperaccumulator Leersia hexandra Swartz on Cr(VI) reduction and microbial community succession in soil. This study confirmed that root exudate-loaded peanut shell biochar reduced soil pH while simultaneously increasing DOC, sulfide, and Fe(II) concentrations, thereby facilitating the reduction of Cr(VI), achieving a reduction efficiency of 81.8%. Based on XPS and SEM elemental mapping analyses, Cr(VI) reduction occurred concurrently with the Fe and S redox cycles. Furthermore, the microbial diversity, abundance of the functional genera (Geobacter, Arthrobacter, and Desulfococcus) and the metabolic functions associated with Cr(VI) reduction were enhanced by root exudate-loaded biochar. Root exudate-loaded biochar can promote both direct Cr(VI) reduction mediated by the Cr(VI)-reducing bacteria Arthrobacter, and indirect Cr(VI) reduction through Cr/S/Fe co-transformation mediated by the sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfococcus and Fe(III)-reducing bacteria Geobacter. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of peanut shell biochar loaded with root exudates of hyperaccumulator Leersia hexandra Swartz to promote soil Cr(VI) reduction, reveals the mechanism how root exudate-loaded biochar shapes functional microbial communities to facilitate Cr(VI) reduction, and proposes a viable strategy for Cr(VI) remediation and utilization of peanut shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Miaojie Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Shouping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - De Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Na Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Tianfen Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Xuezhu Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
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6
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Liu S, Zhu L, Xu Z, Wang L, Wang S, Seif M, Xu X. Toxic effect of chromium on nonspecific immune, bioaccumulation, and tissue structure of Urechis unicinctus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:23077-23090. [PMID: 38416356 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The contamination of toxic heavy metals in aquatic environments has garnered significant global attention due to its detrimental effects on marine organisms and human health. Hexavalent chromium is a typical environmental and occupational heavy metal pollutant, identified as carcinogenic heavy metal. This study aimed to assess the impact of different Cr (VI) concentrations (0.05-2.5 mg/L) on Urechis unicinctus (U. unicinctus) by investigating bioaccumulation, antioxidant defense system, expression of resistance-related genes, and histological issues. A clear concentration-effect relationship was observed in the bioaccumulation of Cr (VI) in muscle tissues of U. unicinctus. Moreover, exposure to Cr (VI) can alter the activities of lysozyme (LSZ), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to enhance cellular defense mechanisms in U. unicinctus. Likewise, maintained the normal protein structure and functional stability by regulating protein folding. The heat shock cognitive protein (HSC70) gene showed an upward and then downward trend after Cr (VI) exposure. At 12 h, the HSC70 gene expression reached the maximum values of 4.75 and 4.61-fold in the 0.1 and 1.5 mg/L groups, respectively. The organism produced a large number of free radicals, and elevated level of metallothionein (MT) was used to scavenge free radicals and alleviate oxidative stress. Additionally, histopathological examination revealed disorganization in the midgut, atrophic changes in intestinal connective tissue, uneven distribution in respiratory tissues, and irregular shape with a significant reduction in epithelial cells within the gastric cavity. These findings can serve as a valuable reference for elucidating the toxicity mechanisms of heavy metals towards marine benthic organisms and enhancing water environment monitoring strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Liu
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Long Zhu
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - ZhiWei Xu
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - LeJiang Wang
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sijie Wang
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mohamed Seif
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China.
- Toxicology and Food Contaminants Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Xinghong Xu
- College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Saravanan A, Karishma S, Kumar PS, Thamarai P, Yaashikaa PR. Recent insights into mechanism of modified bio-adsorbents for the remediation of environmental pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 339:122720. [PMID: 37839681 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization has exacerbated the hazard to health and the environment. Wide spectrums of contaminants pose numerous risks, necessitating their disposal and treatment. There is a need for further remediation methods since pollutant residues cannot be entirely eradicated by traditional treatment techniques. Bio-adsorbents are gaining popularity due to their eco-friendly approach, broad applicability, and improved functional and surface characteristics. Adsorbents that have been modified have improved qualities that aid in their adsorptive nature. Adsorption, ion exchange, chelation, surface precipitation, microbial uptake, physical entrapment, biodegradation, redox reactions, and electrostatic interactions are some of the processes that participate in the removal mechanism of biosorbents. These processes can vary depending on the particular biosorbent and the type of pollutants being targeted. The systematic review focuses on the many modification approaches used to remove environmental contaminants. Different modification or activation strategies can be used depending on the type of bio-adsorbent and pollutant to be remediated. Physical activation procedures such as ultrasonication and pyrolysis are more commonly used to modify bio-adsorbents. Ultrasonication process improves the adsorption efficiency by 15-25%. Acid and alkali modified procedures are the most effective chemical activation strategies for adsorbent modification for pollution removal. Chemical modification increases the removal to around 95-99%. The biological technique involving microbial culture is an emerging field that needs to be investigated further for pollutant removal. A short evaluation of modified adsorbents with multi-pollutant adsorption capability that have been better eliminated throughout the adsorption process has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - S Karishma
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Centre for Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014, India.
| | - P Thamarai
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P R Yaashikaa
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
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Khan NA, López-Maldonado EA, Majumder A, Singh S, Varshney R, López JR, Méndez PF, Ramamurthy PC, Khan MA, Khan AH, Mubarak NM, Amhad W, Shamshuddin SZM, Aljundi IH. A state-of-art-review on emerging contaminants: Environmental chemistry, health effect, and modern treatment methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140264. [PMID: 37758081 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Pollution problems are increasingly becoming e a priority issue from both scientific and technological points of view. The dispersion and frequency of pollutants in the environment are on the rise, leading to the emergence have been increasing, including of a new class of contaminants that not only impact the environment but also pose risks to people's health. Therefore, developing new methods for identifying and quantifying these pollutants classified as emerging contaminants is imperative. These methods enable regulatory actions that effectively minimize their adverse effects to take steps to regulate and reduce their impact. On the other hand, these new contaminants represent a challenge for current technologies to be adapted to control and remove emerging contaminants and involve innovative, eco-friendly, and sustainable remediation technologies. There is a vast amount of information collected in this review on emerging pollutants, comparing the identification and quantification methods, the technologies applied for their control and remediation, and the policies and regulations necessary for their operation and application. In addition, This review will deal with different aspects of emerging contaminants, their origin, nature, detection, and treatment concerning water and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem A Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security (IRC-MWS), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eduardo Alberto López-Maldonado
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Autonomous University of Baja, California, CP 22390, Tijuana, Baja California, México.
| | - Abhradeep Majumder
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Radhika Varshney
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - J R López
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Av. Las Américas S/N, C.P. 80000, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - P F Méndez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Av. Las Américas S/N, C.P. 80000, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Praveen C Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Mohammad Amir Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Knowledge Park I, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Afzal Husain Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 706, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam; Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India.
| | - Waqas Amhad
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electonic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 China
| | - S Z M Shamshuddin
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, HMS Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, 572104, Karnataka, India
| | - Isam H Aljundi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security (IRC-MWS), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Chemical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Dahiya A, Bhardwaj A, Rani A, Arora M, Babu JN. Reduced and oxidized rice straw biochar for hexavalent chromium adsorption: Revisiting the mechanism of adsorption. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21735. [PMID: 38027719 PMCID: PMC10663864 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface oxygen functional groups of biochar were tuned by oxidation and reduction of biochar for establishing Cr(VI) adsorption mechanism. Oxygen functional groups (OFGs) on the surface of leached rice straw biochar (LBC4-6) obtained from pyrolysis at 400, 500 and 600 °C, were oxidized to furnish OBC4-6 using modified Hummer's method. Reduced biochar RBC4-6 were obtained by esterification and NaBH4/I2 reduction of oxidized biochar (OBC4-6). The modified biochar were characterized by increase in O/C and H/C ratio, respectively, in case of OBC4-6 and RBC4-6. The Cr(VI) adsorption by modified biochar LBC4-6, OBC4-6, and RBC4-6 showed optimum conditions of pH 3 and dose 0.1 g/L with a good non-linear fit for Langmuir & Freundlich isotherm. The maximum adsorption (Qm) followed the trend: OBC4 (17.47 mg/g) > RBC4 (15.23) > OBC5 (13.23) > LBC4 (10.23) > RBC5 (9.83) > OBC6 (9.60) > RBC6 (7.24) > LBC5 (6.32) > LBC6 (5.98). The adsorption kinetics for adsorption of Cr(VI) on to modified biochar fits pseudo second order (PSO), Elovich and intraparticle diffusion kinetics, showing a chemisorptions in case of biochar L/O/RBC4-6. The lower temperature modified biochar O/RBC4 show better Cr(VI) adsorption. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) studies establish optimum OFGs for reduction of Cr(VI) and chelation of the reduced Cr(III). Adsorption and stripping cycles show the oxidized and reduced biochar as better adsorbents with excellent stripping of Cr up to >98 % upon desorption with 1 M NaOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjeet Dahiya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Badal Road, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Akanksha Bhardwaj
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Badal Road, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Archana Rani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Badal Road, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Meenu Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Badal Road, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - J. Nagendra Babu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Badal Road, Punjab, 151401, India
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Zhou T, Lu L, Tao S, Ma Y. Removal of Pb(II) and phosphorus in water by γ-Al 2O 3/biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27416-0. [PMID: 37166729 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized activated alumina biochar composites (γ-Al2O3/BC) by sol-gel method, which improved the problem that the surface charge of γ-Al2O3 was not conducive to the removal of heavy metal cation in a neutral solution, and then explored the feasibility of removing Pb(II) by γ-Al2O3/BC as well as reusing Pb-laden waste sludge to remove phosphorus (P) and its micro-adsorption mechanisms. The results show that the maximum adsorption capacity of γ-Al2O3/BC for Pb(II) is 182.48 mg/g, and the removing capacity of recycled Pb-laden slag for P also reaches 87.13 mg/g. It was found that the presence of Pb in the slag makes P removal more effective. In addition, in the process of P removal, the Pb in the slag will not be released, which will not cause secondary pollution to the water. The micro-adsorption mechanism of Pb(II) and P on the composites was investigated by XPS, XRD, and FTIR. It demonstrates that special functional groups such as hydroxy-aluminum, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups can remove Pb(II) through strong surface complexation and electrostatic attraction. Furthermore, the removal mechanism of P from Pb-laden sludge includes chemisorption and complexation, and the precipitation of P and Pb on the adsorbent surface is the main reason for the removal of P. Therefore, it is feasible to further effectively remove P by using the waste biochar containing Pb. The idea of this paper provides a potential method for the reuse of waste adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghong Lu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suwan Tao
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
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Gu C, Cai M, He P, Zhu J, Gan M. Biogenic carbon encapsulated iron oxides mediated oxalic acid for Cr(VI) reduction in aqueous: Efficient performance, electron transfer and radical mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137557. [PMID: 36535500 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbonaceous materials have a potential to mediated oxalic acid (OA) for Cr(VI) reduction, but the rational modification is needed for boosting the mediation of electron transfer. Herein, we utilized polyvinyl alcohol to envelop schwertmannite synthesized by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans biomineralization, and pyrolyzed them to obtain the carbon encapsulated iron oxides (C-2.0-Sch-PVA). SEM and TEM results demonstrated that a moderate calcination temperature would yield a neural network-like carbon encapsulated structure. C-2.0-Sch-PVA efficiently mediated OA to reduce Cr(VI), 98.4% of Cr(VI) (40 mg L-1) was reduced with 0.75 g L-1 C-2.0-Sch-PVA and 4 mM OA in 60 min. It still performed excellent results in a wide pH range, multiple anions and different water matrixes. The carbon encapsulated structure as electron shuttle mediated the electron transfer, and the O-moieties on its surface were a premise for initiating the Cr(VI) reduction process. The electron transfer from the inner iron oxides to the conjugated structure of the outer carbon shells facilitated Cr(VI) reduction as well. Moreover, OA raised the persistent free radicals' level in C-2.0-Sch-PVA as another important pathway for Cr(VI) reduction. Overall, C-2.0-Sch-PVA provides an excellent demonstration in the carbonaceous materials modification for mediating OA to reduce Cr(VI) in aqueous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyao Gu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Miao Cai
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Peng He
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jianyu Zhu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Min Gan
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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Biomass-Based Hydrothermal Carbons for the Contaminants Removal of Wastewater: A Mini-Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021769. [PMID: 36675284 PMCID: PMC9862638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The preparation of adsorbents with eco-friendly and high-efficiency characteristics is an important approach for pollutant removal, and can relieve the pressure of water shortage and environmental pollution. In recent studies, much attention has been paid to the potential of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) from biomass, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and agricultural waste for the preparation of adsorbents. Hereby, this paper summarizes the state of research on carbon adsorbents developed from various sources with HTC. The reaction mechanism of HTC, the different products, the modification of hydrochar to obtain activated carbon, and the treatment of heavy metal pollution and organic dyes from wastewater are reviewed. The maximum adsorption capacity of carbon from different biomass sources was also evaluated.
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Peng X, Liu S, Luo Z, Yu X, Liang W. Selective Removal of Hexavalent Chromium by Novel Nitrogen and Sulfur Containing Cellulose Composite: Role of Counter Anions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:ma16010184. [PMID: 36614522 PMCID: PMC9821927 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting an adsorbent with superb selectivity is of utmost importance for the remediation of Cr (VI)-laden wastewater. In this work, a novel nitrogen and sulfur functionalized 3D macroporous cellulose material (MPS) was prepared by homogeneous cross-link cellulose and polyvinylimidazole, followed by ion exchange with MoS42-. MPS exhibited high removal efficiency at a broad pH range (1.0-8.0) and large adsorption capacity (379.78 mg/g) toward Cr (VI). Particularly, outstanding selectivity with an enormous partition coefficient (1.01 × 107 mL/g) was achieved on MPS. Replacing MoS42- with Cl- and MoO42- led to a sharp decline in adsorption selectivity, demonstrating that MoS42- contributed substantially to the selectivity. Results of FTIR, XPS, and apparent kinetic analysis revealed that Cr (VI) was first pre-enriched on the MPS surface via electrostatic and dispersion forces, and then reacted with MoS42- to generate Cr (III), which deposited on MPS by forming Cr(OH)3 and chromium(III) sulfide. This study provides a new idea for designing adsorbents with a superior selectivity for removing Cr (VI) from sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shujun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhijia Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiwen Yu
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Wanwen Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Shakya A, Vithanage M, Agarwal T. Influence of pyrolysis temperature on biochar properties and Cr(VI) adsorption from water with groundnut shell biochars: Mechanistic approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114243. [PMID: 36063906 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study was envisaged to understand the effect of increasing pyrolysis temperature on the Cr(VI) removal potential of the groundnut shells derived biochars. The biochars were prepared at four different pyrolysis temperatures (350 °C, 450 °C, 550 °C, 650 °C) and were used unmodified to examine the adsorption potential for Cr(VI). Influence of biochar dose (1-10 g/L), pHinitial (2-10), Cr(VI)initial (10-500 mg/L) on Cr(VI) adsorptions; adsorption kinetics and isotherms were investigated. The observations suggested that the pyrolysis temperature is the key player in deciding the physicochemical properties as well the adsorption potential of the biochars. SEM and FTIR analysis suggested significant morphological and functional transformations in biochars with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The pHinitial was found to be the most profound adsorption parameter determining the adsorption potential of the biochars. The Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of the biochars decreased with the increase of the pyrolysis temperature (142.87-31.25 mg/L) as well as the solution pHinitial. All the biochars attained 100% removal efficiency with 50 mg/L of Cr(VI)initial and GNSB/350 achieved it in the minimum time (10 h) among all the biochars. GNSB/350 showed promising Langmuir adsorption capacity of 142.87 mg/L (pH 2, Tadsorption 30 °C, Cr(VI)initial 10-500 mg/L). In addition, the adsorption mechanism was found to be a synergistic action of chemi/physi-sorption with monolayer adsorption. Hence, the pyrolysis temperature significantly altered the physicochemical properties of the biochars, which highly influenced the adsorption performance of biochars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Shakya
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Haryana, 131028, India
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
| | - Tripti Agarwal
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Haryana, 131028, India.
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Xiao WD, Xiao LP, Lv YH, Yin WZ, Sánchez J, Zhai SR, An QD, Sun RC. Lignin-derived carbon coated nanoscale zero-valent iron as a novel bifunctional material for efficient removal of Cr(VI) and organic pollutants. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wan J, Wang G, Liang W, Peng C, Zhang W, Fu R. Is biochar a reliable catalyst for activating peroxydisulfate? Damage of biochar during catalytic process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135240. [PMID: 35688202 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The unsatisfactory reuse performance of biochar in the catalytic system has become an important factor limiting its application. Damage of biochar in the catalytic systems has been reported, but the mechanism of damage is still unclear. In this study, cotton stalk and walnut shell biochar were used to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) for sulfamethazine degradation, and multiple characterization methods were used to determine the damage of biochar. The comparative experiments of biochar, recycled biochar, and the biochar treated by PDS in catalytic reaction showed that the performance of biochars decreased by 37.5%-65.3%. After the catalytic reaction, the unstable carbon in biochar was lost, and the biochar surface was oxidized, which reduced its affinity to organic matter. CO2 physisorption showed that the pore structure of biochars barely changed. However, for walnut shell biochar, its adsorption capacity of nitrogen decreased obviously. Moreover, the electrochemical tests showed that the conductivity of walnut shell biochar decreased, which would lead to the reduction of its catalytic performance through the electron transfer path. Overall, the effects of catalytic process on the performance of biochar cannot be ignored. Therefore, more efforts are needed to improve the stability and homogeneity of biochar as an efficient and sustainable PDS activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Weiyu Liang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Rongbing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Alluhaybi AA, Alharbi A, Hameed AM, Gouda AA, Hassen FS, El-Gendy HS, Atia BM, Salem AR, Gado MA, Ene A, Awad HA, Zakaly HMH. A Novel Triazole Schiff Base Derivatives for Remediation of Chromium Contamination from Tannery Waste Water. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165087. [PMID: 36014341 PMCID: PMC9415994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannery industries are one of the extensive industrial activities which are the major source of chromium contamination in the environment. Chromium contamination has been an increasing threat to the environment and human health. Therefore, the removal of chromium ions is necessary to save human society. This study is oriented toward the preparation of a new triazole Schiff base derivatives for the remediation of chromium ions. 4,4′-((1E)-1,2-bis ((1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) imino)ethane-1,2-diyl) diphenol was prepared by the interaction between 3-Amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole and 4,4′-Dihydroxybenzil. Then, the produced Schiff base underwent a phosphorylation reaction to produce the adsorbent (TIHP), which confirmed its structure via the different tools FTIR, TGA, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, GC-MS, and Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR). The newly synthesized adsorbent (TIHP) was used to remove chromium oxyanions (Cr(VI)) from an aqueous solution. The batch technique was used to test many controlling factors, including the pH of the working aqueous solution, the amount of adsorbent dose, the initial concentration of Cr(VI), the interaction time, and the temperature. The desorption behaviour of Cr(VI) changes when it is exposed to the suggested foreign ions. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) adsorption on the new adsorbent was 307.07 mg/g at room temperature. Freundlich’s isotherm model fits the adsorption isotherms perfectly. The kinetic results were well-constrained by the pseudo-second-order equation. The thermodynamic studies establish that the adsorption type was exothermic and naturally spontaneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A. Alluhaybi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A. Gouda
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Fatma S. Hassen
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo 11936, Egypt
| | | | - Bahig M. Atia
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo 11936, Egypt
| | - Amany R. Salem
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo 11936, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Gado
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo 11936, Egypt
| | - Antoaneta Ene
- INPOLDE Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (H.M.H.Z.)
| | - Hamdy A. Awad
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch 71524, Egypt
| | - Hesham M. H. Zakaly
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (H.M.H.Z.)
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Abstract
Biochar has attracted increasing research attention. Various modification methods have been proposed to enhance a certain biochar function. However, these modifications may also result in an unstable structure, additional energy consumption, secondary pollution, and/or extra cost. Balanced consideration of different aspects will ensure the sustainable development of biochar technology. This review first summarizes the most commonly used methods for biochar modification. These methods are categorized according to the purposes of modification, such as surface area enlargement, persistent free radical manipulation, magnetism introduction, and redox potential enhancement. More importantly, a systematic analysis and discussion are provided regarding the balanced consideration of biochar designs, such as the balance between effectiveness and stability, functions and risks, as well as effectiveness and cost. Then, perspectives regarding biochar modification are presented. This review calls for attention that biochar modifications should not be evaluated for their functions only. A balanced design of biochars will ensure both the practicability and the effectiveness of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wenyan Duan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hongbo Peng
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Mahapatra U, Manna AK, Chatterjee A. A critical evaluation of conventional kinetic and isotherm modeling for adsorptive removal of hexavalent chromium and methylene blue by natural rubber sludge-derived activated carbon and commercial activated carbon. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126135. [PMID: 34655775 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) and methylene blue (MB) was studied in a batch reactor using activated carbon (RAC), prepared from natural rubber waste, along with the commercial activated carbon (CAC). Maximum uptake of Cr(VI) and MB by the RAC was 21 and 30 mg g-1, respectively, whereas the corresponding uptake by CAC was 145 and 224 mg g-1. The kinetics of adsorption, however, was found to be faster in RAC than CAC. Both adsorbents were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, and FESEM-EDS. The predictability of various kinetic models, including the Weber-Morris model, was adversely affected by linearization. A multi-linear plot of adsorbed concentration versus square root of time failed to justify the multi-resistance hypothesis of mass transfer. Experimental kinetic data matched well with four surface reactions and an intraparticle diffusion model but showed substantial deviation from the numerical solution of another Fickian model incorporating mass balance and Langmuir isotherm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttara Mahapatra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Tripura 799046, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Manna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Tripura 799046, India
| | - Abhijit Chatterjee
- Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Tripura 799046, India.
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