1
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Karras F, Kunz M. Patient-derived melanoma models. Pathol Res Pract 2024:155231. [PMID: 38508996 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is a very aggressive, rapidly metastasizing tumor that has been studied intensively in the past regarding the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms. More recently developed treatment modalities have improved response rates and overall survival of patients. However, the majority of patients suffer from secondary treatment resistance, which requires in depth analyses of the underlying mechanisms. Here, melanoma models based on patients-derived material may play an important role. Consequently, a plethora of different experimental techniques have been developed in the past years. Among these are 3D and 4D culture techniques, organotypic skin reconstructs, melanoma-on-chip models and patient-derived xenografts, Every technique has its own strengths but also weaknesses regarding throughput, reproducibility, and reflection of the human situation. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of currently used techniques and discuss their use in different experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Karras
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany.
| | - Manfred Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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2
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Babaei M, Evers TMJ, Shokri F, Altucci L, de Lange ECM, Mashaghi A. Biochemical reaction network topology defines dose-dependent Drug-Drug interactions. Comput Biol Med 2023; 155:106584. [PMID: 36805215 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Drug combination therapy is a promising strategy to enhance the desired therapeutic effect, while reducing side effects. High-throughput pairwise drug combination screening is a commonly used method for discovering favorable drug interactions, but is time-consuming and costly. Here, we investigate the use of reaction network topology-guided design of combination therapy as a predictive in silico drug-drug interaction screening approach. We focused on three-node enzymatic networks, with general Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The results revealed that drug-drug interactions critically depend on the choice of target arrangement in a given topology, the nature of the drug, and the desired level of change in the network output. The results showed a negative correlation between antagonistic interactions and the dosage of drugs. Overall, the negative feedback loops showed the highest synergistic interactions (the lowest average combination index) and, intriguingly, required the highest drug doses compared to other topologies under the same condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrad Babaei
- Medical Systems Biophysics and Bioengineering, Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy Division, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, the Netherlands; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy.
| | - Tom M J Evers
- Medical Systems Biophysics and Bioengineering, Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy Division, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, the Netherlands.
| | - Fereshteh Shokri
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, the Netherlands.
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy; BIOGEM, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, Ariano Irpino, Italy.
| | - Elizabeth C M de Lange
- Predictive Pharmacology, Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy Division, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, the Netherlands.
| | - Alireza Mashaghi
- Medical Systems Biophysics and Bioengineering, Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy Division, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, the Netherlands.
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3
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Chmayssem A, Tanase CE, Verplanck N, Gougis M, Mourier V, Zebda A, Ghaemmaghami AM, Mailley P. New Microfluidic System for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Assessment of Cell Culture Performance: Design and Development of New Electrode Material. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070452. [PMID: 35884254 PMCID: PMC9313146 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is widely accepted as an effective and non-destructive method to assess cell health during cell-culture. However, there is a lack of compact devices compatible with microfluidic integration and microscopy that could provide the real-time and non-invasive monitoring of cell-cultures using EIS. In this paper, we reported the design and characterization of a modular EIS testing system based on a patented technology. This device was fabricated using easily processable methodologies including screen-printing of the impedance electrodes and molding or micromachining of the cell culture chamber with an easy assembly procedure. Accordingly, to obtain processable, biocompatible and sterilizable electrode materials that lower the impact of interfacial impedance on TEER (Transepithelial electrical resistance) measurements, and to enable concomitant microscopy observations, we optimized the formulation of the electrode inks and the design of the EIS electrodes, respectively. First, electrode materials were based on carbon biocompatible inks enriched with IrOx particles to obtain low interfacial impedance electrodes approaching the performances of classical non-biocompatible Ag/AgCl second-species electrodes. Secondly, we proposed three original electrode designs, which were compared to classical disk electrodes that were optically compatible with microscopy. We assessed the impact of the electrode design on the response of the impedance sensor using COMSOL Multiphysics. Finally, the performance of the impedance spectroscopy devices was assessed in vitro using human airway epithelial cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Chmayssem
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (N.V.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
- University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG/CNRS/INSERM, UMR 5525, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Constantin Edi Tanase
- Immunology & Immuno-Bioengineering Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (C.E.T.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Nicolas Verplanck
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (N.V.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Maxime Gougis
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (N.V.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Véronique Mourier
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (N.V.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Abdelkader Zebda
- University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG/CNRS/INSERM, UMR 5525, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Amir M. Ghaemmaghami
- Immunology & Immuno-Bioengineering Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (C.E.T.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Pascal Mailley
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (N.V.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
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4
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Kavand H, Nasiri R, Herland A. Advanced Materials and Sensors for Microphysiological Systems: Focus on Electronic and Electrooptical Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107876. [PMID: 34913206 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advanced in vitro cell culture systems or microphysiological systems (MPSs), including microfluidic organ-on-a-chip (OoC), are breakthrough technologies in biomedicine. These systems recapitulate features of human tissues outside of the body. They are increasingly being used to study the functionality of different organs for applications such as drug evolutions, disease modeling, and precision medicine. Currently, developers and endpoint users of these in vitro models promote how they can replace animal models or even be a better ethically neutral and humanized alternative to study pathology, physiology, and pharmacology. Although reported models show a remarkable physiological structure and function compared to the conventional 2D cell culture, they are almost exclusively based on standard passive polymers or glass with none or minimal real-time stimuli and readout capacity. The next technology leap in reproducing in vivo-like functionality and real-time monitoring of tissue function could be realized with advanced functional materials and devices. This review describes the currently reported electronic and optical advanced materials for sensing and stimulation of MPS models. In addition, an overview of multi-sensing for Body-on-Chip platforms is given. Finally, one gives the perspective on how advanced functional materials could be integrated into in vitro systems to precisely mimic human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Kavand
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, Department of Intelligent Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas Väg 10 pl 5, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 9/B8, Solna, 171 65, Sweden
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23a, Solna, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Anna Herland
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, Department of Intelligent Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas Väg 10 pl 5, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 9/B8, Solna, 171 65, Sweden
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23a, Solna, 171 65, Sweden
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5
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Multielectrode biosensor chip for spatial resolution screening of 3D cell models based on microcavity arrays. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 202:114010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Paivana G, Barmpakos D, Mavrikou S, Kallergis A, Tsakiridis O, Kaltsas G, Kintzios S. Evaluation of Cancer Cell Lines by Four-Point Probe Technique, by Impedance Measurements in Various Frequencies. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:345. [PMID: 34562935 PMCID: PMC8466278 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based biosensors appear to be an attractive tool for the rapid, simple, and cheap monitoring of chemotherapy effects at a very early stage. In this study, electrochemical measurements using a four-point probe method were evaluated for suspensions of four cancer cell lines of different tissue origins: SK-N-SH, HeLa, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, all for two different population densities: 50 K and 100 K cells/500 μL. The anticancer agent doxorubicin was applied for each cell type in order to investigate whether the proposed technique was able to determine specific differences in cell responses before and after drug treatment. The proposed methodology can offer valuable insight into the frequency-dependent bioelectrical responses of various cellular systems using a low frequency range and without necessitating lengthy cell culture treatment. The further development of this biosensor assembly with the integration of specially designed cell/electronic interfaces can lead to novel diagnostic biosensors and therapeutic bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Paivana
- Laboratory of Cell Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Dimitris Barmpakos
- microSENSES Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece; (D.B.); (A.K.); (O.T.); (G.K.)
| | - Sophie Mavrikou
- Laboratory of Cell Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Alexandros Kallergis
- microSENSES Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece; (D.B.); (A.K.); (O.T.); (G.K.)
| | - Odysseus Tsakiridis
- microSENSES Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece; (D.B.); (A.K.); (O.T.); (G.K.)
| | - Grigoris Kaltsas
- microSENSES Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece; (D.B.); (A.K.); (O.T.); (G.K.)
| | - Spyridon Kintzios
- Laboratory of Cell Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (S.K.)
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Tracking of Glycans Structure and Metallomics Profiles in BRAF Mutated Melanoma Cells Treated with Vemurafenib. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010439. [PMID: 33406789 PMCID: PMC7794875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly half of patients with advanced and metastatic melanomas harbor a BRAF mutation. Vemurafenib (VEM), a BRAF inhibitor, is used to treat such patients, however, responses to VEM are very short-lived due to intrinsic, adaptive and/or acquired resistance. In this context, we present the action of the B-Raf serine-threonine protein kinase inhibitor (vemurafenib) on the glycans structure and metallomics profiles in melanoma cells without (MeWo) and with (G-361) BRAF mutations. The studies were performed using α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), a well-known acute-phase protein, and concanavalin A (Con A), which served as the model receptor. The detection of changes in the structure of glycans can be successfully carried out based on the frequency shifts and the charge transfer resistance after interaction of AGP with Con A in different VEM treatments using QCM-D and EIS measurements. These changes were also proved based on the cell ultrastructure examined by TEM and SEM. The LA-ICP-MS studies provided details on the metallomics profile in melanoma cells treated with and without VEM. The studies evidence that vemurafenib modifies the glycans structures and metallomics profile in melanoma cells harboring BRAF mutation that can be further implied in the resistance phenomenon. Therefore, our data opens a new avenue for further studies in the short-term addressing novel targets that hopefully can be used to improve the therapeutic regiment in advanced melanoma patients. The innovating potential of this study is fully credible and has a real impact on the global patient society suffering from advanced and metastatic melanomas.
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8
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Huang CH, Lei KF. Impedimetric quantification of migration speed of cancer cells migrating along a Matrigel-filled microchannel. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1121:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Chu Y, Zhang Z, He Q, Chen F, Sheng Z, Zhang D, Jin H, Jiang F, Guo L. Half-life determination of inorganic-organic hybrid nanomaterials in mice using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. J Adv Res 2020; 24:353-361. [PMID: 32489680 PMCID: PMC7256211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic or inorganic-organic hybrid nanomaterials have great potential for applications in the biomedical fields. Biological half-life is an essential pharmacokinetic parameter for these materials to function in vivo. Compared to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), which is the gold standard, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a faster and more efficient elemental detection method. We investigated an efficient way to quantify the metabolic rate using LIBS. Nanoparticle platforms, such as manganese dioxide-bovine serum albumin (MnO2-BSA) or boehmite-bovine serum albumin (AlO(OH)-BSA) were injected into mice through intravenous administration for LIBS spectrum acquisition. First, the spectral background was corrected using the polynomial fitting method; The spectral interference was eliminated by Lorentz fitting for each LIBS spectrum simultaneously. The support vector regression (SVR) was then used for LIBS quantitative analyses. Finally, the LIBS results were compared with the ICP-MS ones. The half-lives of MnO2-BSA calculated by LIBS and ICP-MS were 2.49 and 2.42 h, respectively. For AlO(OH)-BSA, the half-lives detected by LIBS and ICP-MS were 3.46 and 3.57 h, respectively. The relative error of LIBS is within 5% compared to ICP-MS. The results demonstrate that LIBS is a valuable tool for quantifying the metabolic rates with a high degree of accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwu Chu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zhanjie Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, TongjiMedical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Qianyuan He
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, TongjiMedical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Ziqian Sheng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Deng Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Honglin Jin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, TongjiMedical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Fagang Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lianbo Guo
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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10
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Hassan Q, Ahmadi S, Kerman K. Recent Advances in Monitoring Cell Behavior Using Cell-Based Impedance Spectroscopy. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E590. [PMID: 32545753 PMCID: PMC7345285 DOI: 10.3390/mi11060590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based impedance spectroscopy (CBI) is a powerful tool that uses the principles of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) by measuring changes in electrical impedance relative to a voltage applied to a cell layer. CBI provides a promising platform for the detection of several properties of cells including the adhesion, motility, proliferation, viability and metabolism of a cell culture. This review gives a brief overview of the theory, instrumentation, and detection principles of CBI. The recent applications of the technique are given in detail for research into cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, toxicology as well as its application to 2D and 3D in vitro cell cultures. CBI has been established as a biophysical marker to provide quantitative cellular information, which can readily be adapted for single-cell analysis to complement the existing biomarkers for clinical research on disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kagan Kerman
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; (Q.H.); (S.A.)
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11
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Tadini-Buoninsegni F, Palchetti I. Label-Free Bioelectrochemical Methods for Evaluation of Anticancer Drug Effects at a Molecular Level. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20071812. [PMID: 32218227 PMCID: PMC7181070 DOI: 10.3390/s20071812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial family of diseases that is still a leading cause of death worldwide. More than 100 different types of cancer affecting over 60 human organs are known. Chemotherapy plays a central role for treating cancer. The development of new anticancer drugs or new uses for existing drugs is an exciting and increasing research area. This is particularly important since drug resistance and side effects can limit the efficacy of the chemotherapy. Thus, there is a need for multiplexed, cost-effective, rapid, and novel screening methods that can help to elucidate the mechanism of the action of anticancer drugs and the identification of novel drug candidates. This review focuses on different label-free bioelectrochemical approaches, in particular, impedance-based methods, the solid supported membranes technique, and the DNA-based electrochemical sensor, that can be used to evaluate the effects of anticancer drugs on nucleic acids, membrane transporters, and living cells. Some relevant examples of anticancer drug interactions are presented which demonstrate the usefulness of such methods for the characterization of the mechanism of action of anticancer drugs that are targeted against various biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Palchetti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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12
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Electrochemical live monitoring of tumor cell migration out of micro-tumors on an innovative multiwell high-dense microelectrode array. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13875. [PMID: 31554899 PMCID: PMC6761180 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding of cell migration and spreading out of tumor tissue is of great interest concerning the mechanism and causes of tumor malignancy and metastases. Although there are methods available for studying cell migration on monolayer cell cultures like transwell assays, novel techniques for monitoring cell spreading out of 3D organoids or tumor tissue samples are highly required. In this context, we developed an innovative high-dense microelectrode array for impedimetric monitoring of cell migration from 3D tumor cultures. For a proof of concept, a strongly migrating breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and two malignant melanoma cell lines (T30.6.9, T12.8.10ZII) were used for generating viable micro-tumor models. The migration propensity was determined by impedimetric monitoring over 144 hours, correlated by microscopy and validated by transwell assays. The impedimetric analysis of covered electrodes and the relative impedance maximum values revealed extended information regarding the contribution of proliferative effects. More strikingly, using reference populations of mitomycin C treated spheroids where proliferation was suppressed, distinction of proliferation and migration was possible. Therefore, our high-dense microelectrode array based impedimetric migration monitoring has the capability for an automated quantitative analysis system that can be easily scaled up as well as integrated in lab on chip devices.
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13
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Flørenes VA, Flem-Karlsen K, McFadden E, Bergheim IR, Nygaard V, Nygård V, Farstad IN, Øy GF, Emilsen E, Giller-Fleten K, Ree AH, Flatmark K, Gullestad HP, Hermann R, Ryder T, Wernhoff P, Mælandsmo GM. A Three-dimensional Ex Vivo Viability Assay Reveals a Strong Correlation Between Response to Targeted Inhibitors and Mutation Status in Melanoma Lymph Node Metastases. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:951-958. [PMID: 31096111 PMCID: PMC6520638 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although clinical management of melanoma has changed considerably in recent years, intrinsic treatment resistance remains a severe problem and strategies to design personal treatment regimens are highly warranted. We have applied a three-dimensional (3D) ex vivo drug efficacy assay, exposing disaggregated cells from 38 freshly harvested melanoma lymph node metastases and 21 patient derived xenografts (PDXs) to clinical relevant drugs for 7 days, and examined its potential to evaluate therapy response. A strong association between Vemurafenib response and BRAF mutation status was achieved (P < .0001), while enhanced viability was seen in some NRAS mutated tumors. BRAF and NRAS mutated tumors responded comparably to the MEK inhibitor Cobimetinib. Based on the ex vivo results, two tumors diagnosed as BRAF wild-type by routine pathology examinations had to be re-evaluated; one was subsequently found to have a complex V600E mutation, the other a double BRAF mutation (V600E/K601 N). No BRAF inhibitor resistance mechanisms were identified, but PIK3CA and NF1 mutations were identified in two highly responsive tumors. Concordance between ex vivo drug responses using tissue from PDXs and corresponding patient tumors demonstrate that PDX models represent an indefinite source of tumor material that may allow ex vivo evaluation of numerous drugs and combinations, as well as studies of underlying molecular mechanisms. In conclusion, we have established a rapid and low cost ex vivo drug efficacy assay applicable on tumor tissue from patient biopsies. The 3D/spheroid format, limiting the influence from normal adjacent cells and allowing assessment of drug sensitivity to numerous drugs in one week, confirms its potential as a supplement to guide clinical decision, in particular in identifying non-responding patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivi Ann Flørenes
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karine Flem-Karlsen
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Erin McFadden
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Riise Bergheim
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vigdis Nygaard
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vegard Nygård
- Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Nina Farstad
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Frode Øy
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Emilsen
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karianne Giller-Fleten
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Hansen Ree
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, N-1478 Lørenskog, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Flatmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Petter Gullestad
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Hermann
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Truls Ryder
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Patrik Wernhoff
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild Mari Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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