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Zucoloto ML, Galdino G, Martinez EZ. Knowledge and perceptions on the existence of Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) Centers and associated factors among Brazilian LGBT+ individuals. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:3395-3404. [PMID: 37971019 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320232811.14972022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, the advent of voluntary and counseling testing (VCT) has provided many benefits in the fight against AIDS. A sectional open web survey was conducted to investigate the Brazilian LGBT+ individuals' knowledge and perceptions of the existence of VCT centers and their associations with risk behavior and other variables of interest. The study instrument included questions on sociodemographic and behavioral variables, knowledge on VCT, access to and use of it, beliefs about HIV infection, test results, and risk perception. The Risk Behavior Score for HIV infection (RBS) was also used. A total of 1,630 volunteers participated in the survey, of whom 56.8% were men. Of these, 96.1% declared themselves as (MSM). Almost 50% of the participants had never heard about the existence of VCT, which was a higher knowledge score among MSM. A low frequency of participants had a clear perception of the risks to which they are exposed, whereas those with higher RBS were aware of the existence of VCT. As VCT is critical for the implementation of policies to combat and prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases, our results can contribute to a better understanding of the influence of VCT on the frequency of testing, serological surveillance, and routine counseling for key populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriane Lucindo Zucoloto
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre. 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto SP Brasil.
| | | | - Edson Zangiacomi Martinez
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre. 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto SP Brasil.
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Jalil EM, Wilson E, Monteiro L, Varggas T, Moura I, Torres TS, Hoagland B, Cardoso SW, Ismerio Moreira R, Gonçalves Veloso Dos Santos V, Grinsztejn B. A Peer-Led Digital Intervention to Reduce HIV Prevention and Care Disparities Among Young Brazilian Transgender Women (The BeT Study): Protocol for an Intervention Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e44157. [PMID: 36735296 PMCID: PMC9938440 DOI: 10.2196/44157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HIV epidemic continues to disproportionately burden marginalized populations despite the availability of effective preventive and therapeutic interventions. Transgender women are severely affected by HIV worldwide including in Brazil and other low- and middle-income countries, with evidence of increasing new infections among young people. There is an urgent need for youth-specific HIV prevention and care interventions for young transgender women in Brazil. OBJECTIVE This study aims to (1) address stigma in the Brazilian public health system and (2) reduce barriers to HIV care and prevention with systems navigation among young transgender women aged 18-24 years in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS The Brilhar e Transcender (BeT) study is a status-neutral, peer-led, single-arm digital intervention study enrolling 150 young transgender women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The intervention was pilot tested and refined using data from a formative phase. The BeT intervention takes place over 3 months, is delivered remotely via mobile phone and in person by peers, and comprises three components: (1) BeT sessions, (2) digital interactions, and (3) automated messages. Eligibility criteria include identifying as transgender women, being aged 18-24 years, speaking in Portuguese, and living in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area in Brazil. The primary outcomes are HIV incidence, pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake, linkage to HIV care, and viral suppression. Primary outcomes were assessed at baseline and quarterly for 12 months. Participants respond to interviewer-based surveys and receive tests for HIV and sexually transmitted infections. RESULTS The study has been approved by the Brazilian and the US local institutional review boards in accordance with all applicable regulations. Study recruitment began in February 2022 and was completed in early July 2022. Plans are to complete the follow-up assessment of study participants on July 2023, analyze the study data, and disseminate intervention results by December 2023. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to engage a new generation of transgender women in HIV prevention and care are needed to curb the epidemic. The BeT study will evaluate a digital peer-led intervention for young transgender women in Brazil, which builds on ways young people engage in systems and uses peer-led support to empower transgender youth in self-care and health promotion. A promising evaluation of the BeT intervention may lead to the availability of this rapidly scalable status-neutral HIV intervention that can be translated throughout Brazil and other low- and middle-income countries for young transgender women at high risk of or living with HIV. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05299645; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05299645. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/44157.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Moreira Jalil
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erin Wilson
- Center for Public Health Research, San Francisco, Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Laylla Monteiro
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaylla Varggas
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabele Moura
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Torres
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Brenda Hoagland
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra Wagner Cardoso
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Ismerio Moreira
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Silva BGD, Ferreira LH, Ribeiro CEL, Raboni SM. HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C in key populations: results of a 10-year cross-sectional study, Southern Brazil. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2022; 20:eAO6934. [PMID: 35674630 PMCID: PMC9165564 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2022ao6934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Although the development of prevention and treatment strategies for sexually transmitted infections in key groups has improved over the years, they still remain a challenge for health systems worldwide. In this context, the objective of this study is to assess the seroprevalence in the tested population, with an emphasis on key populations, aiming at identifying the participants’ profile and consequently the development of testing strategies. Methods: The present study analyzed the seroprevalence of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C, and the epidemiological profiles of key and general populations tested at a reference public health facility for sexually transmitted infections testing and counseling in the city of Curitiba, Southern Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted to report data from 2010 to 2019. Results: A total of 9,086 samples were positive across all samples tested, and yielded 3,633 (5%) for HIV, 4,978 (10%) for syphilis, 340 (1%) for hepatitis C virus (HCV), and 135 (<1%) for hepatitis B virus (HBV). Overall, most of the participants were men (79 to 87%), and predominantly white. For HIV and syphilis, the predominant age groups were 21-30 years old (48 and 50%), HBV 21-40 years old (31%), and HCV 41-60 years old (25%). A high seroprevalence of HIV and syphilis was observed in the investigated key populations with a higher frequency in sex workers, men who have sex with men, and transgender. Conclusion: The progressive increase in syphilis cases emphasizes the need for effective interventions to enhance adherence to the use of condoms, and to expand diagnosis and treatment for these key populations.
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Torres RMC, Bastos LS, Gomes MFDC, Moreira RI, Périssé ARS, Cruz MMD. Risk assessment for HIV infection in men who have sex with men and the contribution of sexual partner networks. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 26:3543-3554. [PMID: 34468650 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232021269.2.36912019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the risk of HIV infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) by developing an index that considers sex partner networks. The index variables were age, ethnicity/skin color, schooling, relationship type, condom use in receptive and insertive relationships, self-perception of the possibility of HIV infection, sexually transmitted infections, and rapid HIV testing results. We used data from a cross-sectional MSM egocentric network survey conducted in Rio de Janeiro between 2014 and 2015. The initial research volunteer is called ego, each partner is called alter, and each pair of people in a relationship is called the dyad. Multiple logistic regression was used to define the coefficients of the equations for the elaboration of the indices. The index ranged from 0 to 1; the closer to 1, the higher the risk of HIV infection. HIV prevalence was 13.9% among egos. The mean egos index with an HIV-reactive test was 57% higher than non-reactive, and the same profile was observed in the index values of dyads. The index allowed the incorporation of network data through the dyads and contributed to the identification of individuals with a higher likelihood of acquiring HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Maria Cardoso Torres
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fiocruz. R. Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro. 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - Leonardo Soares Bastos
- Programa de Computação Científica, Fiocruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. London United Kingdom
| | | | | | - André Reynaldo Santos Périssé
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa, Fiocruz. Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil
| | - Marly Marques da Cruz
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa, Fiocruz. Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil
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Rahmayani M, Waluyo A, Maria R. Sexual violence experiences and pornography media exposure with sexual risk behavior among PLWHA MSM in Bandung, Indonesia. J Public Health Res 2021; 10. [PMID: 34060744 PMCID: PMC9309623 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV number continues to increase, especially among the minority of Men who
have Sex with Men (MSM) due to the high risks of their sexual behavior. This
study aims to identify the correlation between sexual violence experiences
and pornography media exposure to sexual risk behavior among people with
HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) MSM. Design and Method The study employed a cross-sectional design with the consecutive sampling
technique and involved 258 PLWHA MSM under the guidance of an NGO in
Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. The data were collected by employing an
online questionnaire. Result The results show that there is a significant correlation between sexual
violence experiences and sexual risk behavior (p-value = 0.000, α = 0.05; OR
= 6.496), pornography media exposure and sexual risk behavior (p-value =
0.000, α = 0.05; OR = 4.271). The multivariate analysis of multiple
logistics regression results reveals that the sexual violence experience is
the factor that mostly influences the sexual risk behavior among PLWHA MSM
(p-value = 0.000, α = 0.05; OR = 3.784). Conclusions The sexual violence experiences and pornography media exposure have a
significant positive relationship to sexual risk behavior. Therefore, nurses
need to improve a comprehensive assessment, counseling, and personal
education to reduce sexual risk behavior that can transmit HIV and other
sexually transmitted diseases and create innovations through positive
activities to reduce pornography consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melly Rahmayani
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java.
| | - Agung Waluyo
- Department of Medical surgical Nursing Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok.
| | - Riri Maria
- Department of Medical surgical Nursing Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java.
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Correlations between drug use, HIV disclosure and interpersonal communication on sexual risk behaviour of HIV-positive men who have sex with men. BMC Proc 2020; 14:20. [PMID: 33292259 PMCID: PMC7722415 DOI: 10.1186/s12919-020-00200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic is a global health problem whose number of cases are always higher among men who have sex with men (MSM). Most existing MSM have moderate and very high risk behaviour in HIV transmission. This study was designed to identify correlations between drug use, HIV disclosure and interpersonal communication patterns on sexual risk behaviour among HIV-positive MSM. Methods This study used a cross sectional design with a purposive sampling technique for participants who visited the voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) clinic in a referral hospital and snowball sampling technique for participants in the work area of a community health centre in Batam involving 126 HIV-positive MSM. Data were collected by 5 part questionnaire, namely demographic questionnaire, drug screening questionnaire, brief scale for HIV self disclosure, communication pattern questionnaire-short form, and safe sex behaviour questionnaire. Bivariate analysis was applied to determine whether there is a relationship between drug use, HIV disclosure, interpersonal communication and demographic characteristics (ethnicity, educational status) with sexual risk behaviour of MSM. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the variables that most associated variable to sexual risk behaviour. The results The results showed that there was significant correlation between HIV disclosure and sexual risk behaviour (p = 0.019, α = 0.05, OR = 2.530) and significant correlation between interpersonal communication patterns and sexual risk behaviour (p = 0.016, α = 0.05, OR = 2.589). There is no significant correlation between demographic characteristics, namely: ethnicity and educational status with sexual behaviour at risk of MSM. In multiple logistic regression analysis, educational status was the factor that most associated with sexual risk behaviour among HIV-positive MSM (p = 0.027, α = 0.05, OR = 2.807, 95% CI = 1.125–7.006). Conclusions HIV disclosure and interpersonal communication patterns have a significant negative correlation with sexual risk behaviour among HIV-positive MSM. MSM with low HIV disclosure have high risk sexual behaviour opportunities. MSM with the closed interpersonal communication pattern also has a high risk of sexual behaviour. Education status was the most associated variable to sexual risk behaviour of HIV-positive MSM. Nurses as professional health workers need to improve comprehensive assessment, personal counselling and plan specific learning model by involving HIV-positive MSM in reducing HIV transmission from risky behaviour.
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Abaasa A, Nash S, Mayanja Y, Price MA, Fast PE, Kaleebu P, Todd J. Comparison of HIV Risk Behaviors Between Clinical Trials and Observational Cohorts in Uganda. AIDS Behav 2020; 24:2872-2884. [PMID: 32277309 PMCID: PMC7467908 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Many key populations have high-risk behaviors for HIV infection making them suitable for HIV vaccine efficacy trials. However, these behaviors may change when participants enroll into a trial. We used HIV simulated vaccine efficacy trials (SiVETs) nested within observational cohorts of fisherfolks and female sex workers in Uganda to evaluate this difference. We screened observational cohort participants for enrolment into SiVETs, until 572 were enrolled. Those not enrolled (n = 953) continued participation in the observational cohorts. We determined risk behaviors at baseline and at 1 year, assigned a numeric score to each behavior and defined composite score as the sum of reported behaviors. We compared changes in scores over 12 months. Both observational cohorts and SiVETs saw a significant decrease in score but greatest in the SiVETs. Investigators recruiting for trials from these populations should consider the likely effect of reduction in risk behaviors on incident HIV infection and trial statistical power.
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Martinez EZ, Morigi TZ, Galdino G, McFarland W, Zucoloto ML. Sex-seeking mobile application use and risk behavior among men who have sex with men in Brazil. Int J STD AIDS 2020; 31:1161-1168. [PMID: 32915700 DOI: 10.1177/0956462420945940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This is a cross-sectional study based on an open web survey with the primary objective to assess associations between the use of apps for seeking sex partners and vulnerabilities related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Brazil. Participants were recruited to the study through ads posted in social media such as Twitter, Facebook, and WhatsApp. Consenting respondents completed a questionnaire on demographics, history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and risk behaviors and perceptions, including calculation of the Risk Behavior Score for HIV infection proposed by Rocha et al. Among the 859 participants, 714 (83.1%) reported they used apps for seeking sex partners. Use of apps for seeking sex partners was associated with high-risk behavior for HIV infection, self-reported syphilis, self-perception of HIV risk, and use of marijuana. The use of apps for seeking sex partners has rapidly become the norm for MSM in Brazil. The associations with STIs and risk behaviors should be seen as an opening to improve public health, presenting opportunities to promote knowledge, safer sex practices, and referral to HIV/STI screening and prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Zangiacomi Martinez
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thais Zanin Morigi
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Galdino
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Miriane Lucindo Zucoloto
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Willingness to Use and Adhere to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142620. [PMID: 31340482 PMCID: PMC6678719 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the levels of willingness to use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and intention to adhere to PrEP and to further explore factors associated with PrEP uptake among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. A total of 524 MSM were recruited from Chengdu, China. Half of the participants had heard of PrEP, and the awareness rate varied from 33.8%, 30.7%, and 7.1% for daily oral PrEP, on-demand PrEP, and long-acting injectable PrEP (LAI-PrEP), respectively. The overall willingness to use any type of PrEP in the next six months was 84.9% if PrEP is effective and provided for free. Participants were less likely to say that they would use PrEP if they used a condom consistently with their regular partners. However, participants were more likely to say that they would use PrEP if they had casual partners in the past month and had higher HIV prevention literacy. The majority of participants intended to adhere to PrEP prescription. More than forty percent (43.1%) of the participants reported that they might reduce condom use if they took PrEP. We found that the overall willingness to use PrEP was high among MSM living in China, but willingness varied across the different types of PrEP.
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Bay MB, Freitas MRD, Lucas MCV, Souza ECFD, Roncalli AG. HIV testing and HIV knowledge among men who have sex with men in Natal, Northeast Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2019; 23:2-7. [PMID: 30742795 PMCID: PMC9427798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) account for the highest prevalence of HIV in Brazil. HIV testing allows to implement preventive measures, reduces transmission, morbidity, and mortality. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate HIV testing during lifetime, factors associated with the decision to test, knowledge about HIV transmission, and use of condoms between MSM from the city of Natal, northeast Brazil. Results Out of 99 participants, 62.6% had been tested for HIV during lifetime, 46.2% in the last year. The most frequent reported reason to be tested for HIV infection was curiosity (35.5%). Correct knowledge about HIV was observed in only 9.2% of participants. In multivariate analysis, age (PR 0.95; 95%CI, 0.91–0.99; p = 0.041) and previous syphilis test (PR 4.21; 95%CI, 1.52–11.70; p = 0.006) were associated with HIV testing. Conclusions The frequency of HIV testing among MSM from Natal is rather low, especially in younger MSM, and knowledge about HIV transmission is inappropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Baumgardt Bay
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Marise Reis de Freitas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Castro LS, Rezende GRD, Fernandes FRP, Bandeira LM, Puga MAM, Tanaka TSO, Weis-Torres SMDS, Vicente ACP, Otsuki K, Motta-Castro ARC. Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection among men who have sex with men in Central Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2018; 22:472-476. [PMID: 30528600 PMCID: PMC9425634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first retrovirus discovered in humans and is endemic in several parts of the world. Because of risk behaviors, mainly sexual, men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of acquiring HTLV-1 infection. A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate the prevalence of HTLV-1 infection, to characterize genetically HTLV-1 sequences and to identify risk behaviors associated with this infection among MSM in Central Brazil. A total of 430 MSM were enrolled in this study and three were shown to be HTLV-1 infected, prevalence of 0.7% (95% confidence interval: 0.4–0.9). Phylogenetic analysis showed that all HTLV-1 positive samples belonged to Cosmopolitan subtype Transcontinental subgroup A. Although the prevalence rate of HTLV-1 infection found in this study was similar to that observed among Brazilian blood donors, additional HTLV-1 preventive interventions need to be further implemented because this population is engaged in high-risk sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisie Souza Castro
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil.
| | - Grazielli Rocha de Rezende
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rodas Pires Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Melo Bandeira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Moreira Puga
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil
| | - Tayana Serpa Ortiz Tanaka
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Moreira Dos Santos Weis-Torres
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Paulo Vicente
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Koko Otsuki
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita Coimbra Motta-Castro
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil
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da Motta LR, Sperhacke RD, Adami ADG, Kato SK, Vanni AC, Paganella MP, de Oliveira MCP, Giozza SP, da Cunha ARC, Pereira GFM, Benzaken AS. Syphilis prevalence and risk factors among young men presenting to the Brazilian Army in 2016: Results from a national survey. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13309. [PMID: 30461642 PMCID: PMC6393142 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Conscripts Survey has been conducted periodically by the Brazilian Department of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), AIDS, and Viral Hepatitis (DIAHV) in collaboration with the Brazilian Ministry of Defense for over 2 decades. It aims to assess the syphilis prevalence and obtain data on knowledge regarding STIs and their risk factors among conscripts enlisted for the Brazilian Army.This cross-sectional study was conducted among conscripts across Brazil aged 17 to 22 years from August to December 2016. It included a self-reported questionnaire and blood testing for syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis B and C.In total 38,247 conscripts were enrolled; after exclusion due to a lack of information, 37,282 (93.2%) conscripts were included. The estimated syphilis prevalence rates were: 1.63%, 1.09%, and 0.62% for screened, confirmed, and active syphilis, respectively. Among those with active syphilis, 81.1% reported not having syphilis infection in their lifetime. Higher confirmed syphilis prevalence rates were observed in the South region, followed by North and Southeast regions. Independent factors associated with confirmed syphilis infection were: self-reported STIs in one's lifetime (odds ratio [OR] = 7.24; P < .001), same-sex sexual relationships (OR = 3.43; P = .001), and having the 1st sexual intercourse encounter before 15 years of age (OR = 2.62; P = .04). The proportion of conscripts who reported having sex with other men (MSM) was 4.3%, and the estimated syphilis prevalence in this group was 5.23%, 4.61%, and 3.60% for screened, confirmed, and active syphilis, respectively. The sexual behaviors most frequently associated with confirmed syphilis were: sexual relationship with casual partners in the last year (P < .001), same-sex sexual relationships (P < .001), more than 10 partners (P = .006), and having sexual intercourse before 15 years of age (P = .003). Although not significant, only 25.4% of the conscripts who had a confirmed syphilis reported the use of condoms with steady partners, 32.4% with casual partner, and 24.3% with any partner.We found that syphilis is on the rise among the young Brazilian male population. The increase in its prevalence, particularly among MSM, highlights the need for urgent public health interventions, action plans, and implementation of risk reduction strategies aimed at this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Rapone da Motta
- HIV/AIDS Research Laboratory (LPHA), Life Sciences Knowledge Area. University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul
| | - Rosa Dea Sperhacke
- HIV/AIDS Research Laboratory (LPHA), Life Sciences Knowledge Area. University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul
| | - Aline de Gregori Adami
- HIV/AIDS Research Laboratory (LPHA), Life Sciences Knowledge Area. University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul
| | - Sérgio Kakuta Kato
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS
| | - Andréa Cristina Vanni
- HIV/AIDS Research Laboratory (LPHA), Life Sciences Knowledge Area. University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul
| | - Machline Paim Paganella
- HIV/AIDS Research Laboratory (LPHA), Life Sciences Knowledge Area. University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul
| | - Maria Cristina Pimenta de Oliveira
- Department of Surveillance, Prevention and Control of STI, HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Ministry of Health of Brazil, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Silvana Pereira Giozza
- Department of Surveillance, Prevention and Control of STI, HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Ministry of Health of Brazil, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Ricardo Caruso da Cunha
- Department of Surveillance, Prevention and Control of STI, HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Ministry of Health of Brazil, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Gerson Fernando Mendes Pereira
- Department of Surveillance, Prevention and Control of STI, HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Ministry of Health of Brazil, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Adele Schwartz Benzaken
- Department of Surveillance, Prevention and Control of STI, HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Ministry of Health of Brazil, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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