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Pearce LL, Zheng X, Wilen DS, Cronican AA, Frawley KL, Peterson J. Oxidant-Dependent Sensitizing, Protective, and Mitigative Effects in X-Ray-Irradiated Pulmonary Endothelial Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:624-636. [PMID: 38182415 PMCID: PMC10801727 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary response of proliferating bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAECs) after X-ray irradiation [≤10 gray (Gy)] is shown to be transient cell-cycle arrest. Accompanying oxidant-linked functional changes within the mitochondria are readily measured, but increased autophagy is not. Radiation-induced apoptosis is negligible in this line-important because cells undergoing apoptosis release oxygen-derived species that can overwhelm/mask the radiation-associated species and their effects that we wish to investigate. Cells irradiated and cultured at 3% oxygen exhibited delayed cell-cycle arrest (6-8 hours after 10 Gy irradiation) compared with those maintained at 20% oxygen (2-4 hours after 10 Gy irradiation). At 3% oxygen, either only during or only after irradiation, results intermediate between 20% and 3% oxygen throughout were obtained. No variability in cell-cycle distribution was observed for unirradiated cells cultured under different prevailing oxygen levels. Mitochondrially localized manganese superoxide dismutase delayed the X-ray-induced cell-cycle changes when over-expressed in BPAEC, indicating superoxide to be one of the key oxygen-derived cytotoxic species involved in the radiobiological response. Also, the peroxynitrite biomarker 3-nitrotyrosine was elevated, whereas hydrogen peroxide levels were not. Lastly, the utility of the BPAEC for screening potential countermeasures to ionizing radiation is demonstrated with some quinoline derivatives. Three of the five compounds appeared mitigative, and all were protective. It is suggested that the oxidation-reduction chemistry of these compounds probably offers a reasonable explanation for their observed ameliorative properties. Furthermore, the results suggest a promising new direction in the search for lead compounds as countermeasures to the effects of ionizing radiation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The primary radiological response of proliferating bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells is cell-cycle arrest, starting soon after X-ray irradiation (1-10 Gy) at 20% O2 but delayed by 4 hours at systemic (3%) O2. Oxygen/superoxide is found to be radio-sensitizing in at least two distinct time windows, during and after the irradiation, with both responses antagonized by various hydroxyquinoline derivatives. Similar responses in many other cell lines are likely to be masked by elevated oxidants associated with apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Pearce
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel S Wilen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea A Cronican
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristin L Frawley
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jim Peterson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Li Z, Mei S, Liu J, Huang J, Yue H, Ge T, Wang K, He X, Gu YC, Hu C, Tong M, Shi X, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Qin M, Gong P, Hou Y. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel dihydropteridone derivatives possessing oxadiazoles moiety as potent inhibitors of PLK1. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 251:115242. [PMID: 36889251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Polo like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that is widely distributed in eukaryotic cells and plays an important role in multiple phases of the cell cycle. Its importance in tumorigenesis has been increasingly recognized in recent years. Herein, we describe the optimization of a series of novel dihydropteridone derivatives (13a-13v and 21g-21l) possessing oxadiazoles moiety as potent inhibitors of PLK1. Compound 21g exhibited improved PLK1 inhibitory capability with an IC50 value of 0.45 nM and significant anti-proliferative activities against four tumor-derived cell lines (MCF-7 IC50 = 8.64 nM, HCT-116 IC50 = 26.0 nM, MDA-MB-231 IC50 = 14.8 nM and MV4-11 IC50 = 47.4 nM) with better pharmacokinetic characteristics than BI2536 in mice (AUC0-t = 11 227 ng h mL-1vs 556 ng h mL-1). Moreover, 21g exhibited moderate liver microsomal stability and excellent pharmacokinetic profile (AUC0-t = 11227 ng h mL-1, oral bioavailability of 77.4%) in Balb/c mice, acceptable PPB, improved PLK1 inhibitory selectivity, and no apparent toxicity was observed in the acute toxicity assay (20 mg/kg). Further investigation showed that 21 g could arrest HCT-116 cells in G2 phase and induce apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that 21g is a promising PLK1 inhibitor.
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Murai Y, Hashimoto M. Heteroaromatic Diazirines Are Essential Building Blocks for Material and Medicinal Chemistry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031408. [PMID: 36771073 PMCID: PMC9921084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In materials (polymer) science and medicinal chemistry, heteroaromatic derivatives play the role of the central skeleton in development of novel devices and discovery of new drugs. On the other hand, (3-trifluoromethyl)phenyldiazirine (TPD) is a crucial chemical method for understanding biological processes such as ligand-receptor, nucleic acid-protein, lipid-protein, and protein-protein interactions. In particular, use of TPD has increased in recent materials science to create novel electric and polymer devices with comparative ease and reduced costs. Therefore, a combination of heteroaromatics and (3-trifluoromethyl)diazirine is a promising option for creating better materials and elucidating the unknown mechanisms of action of bioactive heteroaromatic compounds. In this review, a comprehensive synthesis of (3-trifluoromethyl)diazirine-substituted heteroaromatics is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Murai
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (M.H.); Tel.: +81-11-706-9030 (Y.M.); +81-11-706-3849 (M.H.)
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (M.H.); Tel.: +81-11-706-9030 (Y.M.); +81-11-706-3849 (M.H.)
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4
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Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) plays an important role in a variety of cellular functions, including the regulation of mitosis, DNA replication, autophagy, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). PLK1 overexpression is often associated with cell proliferation and poor prognosis in cancer patients, making it a promising antitumor target. To date, at least 10 PLK1 inhibitors (PLK1i) have been entered into clinical trials, among which the typical kinase domain (KD) inhibitor BI 6727 (volasertib) was granted "breakthrough therapy designation" by the FDA in 2013. Unfortunately, many other KD inhibitors showed poor specificity, resulting in dose-limiting toxicity, which has greatly impeded their development. Researchers recently discovered many PLK1i with higher selectivity, stronger potency, and better absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) characteristics. In this review, we emphasize the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of PLK1i, providing insights into new drugs targeting PLK1 for antitumor clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifa Zhang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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5
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Shahin R, Al-Hashimi NN, Daoud NEH, Aljamal S, Shaheen O. QSAR-guided pharmacophoric modeling reveals important structural requirements for Polo kinase 1 (Plk1) inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 109:108022. [PMID: 34562852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.108022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeting Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) by molecular inhibitors is being a promising approach for tumor therapy. Nevertheless, insufficient methodical analyses have been done to characterize the interactions inside the Plk1 binding pocket. In this study, an extensive combined ligand and structure-based drug design workflow was conducted to data-mine the structural requirements for Plk1 inhibition. Consequently, the binding modes of 368 previously known Plk1 inhibitors were investigated by pharmacophore generation technique. The resulted pharmacophores were engaged in the context of Genetic function algorithm (GFA) and Multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses to search for a prognostic QSAR model. The most successful QSAR model was with statistical criteria of (r2277 = 0.76, r2adj = 0.76, r2pred = 0.75, Q2 = 0.73). Our QSAR-selected pharmacophores were validated by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Later on, the best QSAR model and its associated pharmacophoric hypotheses (HypoB-T4-5, HypoI-T2-7, HypoD-T4-3, and HypoC-T3-3) were used to identify new Plk1 inhibitory hits retrieved from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) database. The most potent hits exhibited experimental anti-Plk1 IC50 of 1.49, 3.79. 5.26 and 6.35 μM. Noticeably, our hits, were found to interact with the Plk1 kinase domain through some important amino acid residues namely, Cys67, Lys82, Cys133, Phe183, and Asp194.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rand Shahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
| | - Nabil N Al-Hashimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
| | - Nour El-Huda Daoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
| | - Salah Aljamal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Omar Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
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Alassaf SA, Hijjawi MS, Abuhammad A, Taha MO. Structure-based discovery of new polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors as potential anticancer agents via docking-based comparative intermolecular contacts analysis (dbCICA). Med Chem Res 2021; 30:1747-1766. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Zimmermann S, Akbarzadeh M, Otte F, Strohmann C, Sankar MG, Ziegler S, Pahl A, Sievers S, Kumar K. A Scaffold-Diversity Synthesis of Biologically Intriguing Cyclic Sulfonamides. Chemistry 2019; 25:15498-15503. [PMID: 31518018 PMCID: PMC6916640 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A "branching-folding" synthetic strategy that affords a range of diverse cyclic benzo-sulfonamide scaffolds is presented. Whereas different annulation reactions on common ketimine substrates build the branching phase of the scaffold synthesis, a common hydrogenative ring-expansion method, facilitated by an increase of the ring-strain during the branching phase, led to sulfonamides bearing medium-sized rings in a folding pathway. Cell painting assay was successfully employed to identify tubulin targeting sulfonamides as novel mitotic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zimmermann
- Abteilung Chemische BiologieMax-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- Fakultät Chemie und Chemische BiologieTechnische Universität DortmundOtto-Hahn Str. 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Mohammad Akbarzadeh
- Abteilung Chemische BiologieMax-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Felix Otte
- Fakultät Chemie und Chemische BiologieTechnische Universität DortmundOtto-Hahn Str. 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Fakultät Chemie und Chemische BiologieTechnische Universität DortmundOtto-Hahn Str. 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Muthukumar Gomathi Sankar
- Abteilung Chemische BiologieMax-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Abteilung Chemische BiologieMax-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Abteilung Chemische BiologieMax-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Abteilung Chemische BiologieMax-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Kamal Kumar
- Abteilung Chemische BiologieMax-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
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Volynets G, Lukashov S, Borysenko I, Gryshchenko A, Starosyla S, Bdzhola V, Ruban T, Iatsyshyna A, Lukash L, Bilokin Y, Yarmoluk S. Identification of protein kinase fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitors among the derivatives of 5-(5,6-dimethoxybenzimidazol-1-yl)-3-hydroxythiophene-2-carboxylic acid. Monatsh Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Cleghorn LAT, Ray PC, Odingo J, Kumar A, Wescott H, Korkegian A, Masquelin T, Lopez Moure A, Wilson C, Davis S, Huggett M, Turner P, Smith A, Epemolu O, Zuccotto F, Riley J, Scullion P, Shishikura Y, Ferguson L, Rullas J, Guijarro L, Read KD, Green SR, Hipskind P, Parish T, Wyatt PG. Identification of Morpholino Thiophenes as Novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis Inhibitors, Targeting QcrB. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6592-6608. [PMID: 29944372 PMCID: PMC6089501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis there is a pressing need for new oral drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Herein, we describe the identification of a novel morpholino-thiophenes (MOT) series following phenotypic screening of the Eli Lilly corporate library against M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv. The design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of a range of analogues around the confirmed actives are described. Optimized leads with potent whole cell activity against H37Rv, no cytotoxicity flags, and in vivo efficacy in an acute murine model of infection are described. Mode-of-action studies suggest that the novel scaffold targets QcrB, a subunit of the menaquinol cytochrome c oxidoreductase, part of the bc1-aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase complex that is responsible for driving oxygen-dependent respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A T Cleghorn
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH , United Kingdom
| | - Peter C Ray
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH , United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Odingo
- TB Discovery Research , Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI) , 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400 , Seattle , Washington 98102 , United States
| | - Anuradha Kumar
- TB Discovery Research , Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI) , 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400 , Seattle , Washington 98102 , United States
| | - Heather Wescott
- TB Discovery Research , Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI) , 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400 , Seattle , Washington 98102 , United States
| | - Aaron Korkegian
- TB Discovery Research , Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI) , 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400 , Seattle , Washington 98102 , United States
| | - Thierry Masquelin
- Eli Lilly and Company, Discovery Chemistry Research, Lilly Corporate Centre , MC/87/02/203, G17, Indianapolis , Indiana 46285 , United States
| | - Abraham Lopez Moure
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH , United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Wilson
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH , United Kingdom
| | - Susan Davis
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH , United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Huggett
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH , United Kingdom
| | - Penelope Turner
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH , United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Smith
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH , United Kingdom
| | - Ola Epemolu
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH , United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Zuccotto
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH , United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Riley
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH , United Kingdom
| | - Paul Scullion
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH , United Kingdom
| | - Yoko Shishikura
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH , United Kingdom
| | - Liam Ferguson
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH , United Kingdom
| | - Joaquin Rullas
- Diseases of the Developing World , GlaxoSmithKline , Calle Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid Spain
| | - Laura Guijarro
- Diseases of the Developing World , GlaxoSmithKline , Calle Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid Spain
| | - Kevin D Read
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH , United Kingdom
| | - Simon R Green
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH , United Kingdom
| | - Phil Hipskind
- Eli Lilly and Company, Discovery Chemistry Research, Lilly Corporate Centre , MC/87/02/203, G17, Indianapolis , Indiana 46285 , United States
| | - Tanya Parish
- TB Discovery Research , Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI) , 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400 , Seattle , Washington 98102 , United States
| | - Paul G Wyatt
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH , United Kingdom
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Joshi AJ, Bhojwani HR, Joshi UJ. Strategies to select the best pharmacophore model: a case study in pyrazoloquinazoline class of PLK-1 inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2018; 27:234-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Long T, Neitz RJ, Beasley R, Kalyanaraman C, Suzuki BM, Jacobson MP, Dissous C, McKerrow JH, Drewry DH, Zuercher WJ, Singh R, Caffrey CR. Structure-Bioactivity Relationship for Benzimidazole Thiophene Inhibitors of Polo-Like Kinase 1 (PLK1), a Potential Drug Target in Schistosoma mansoni. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004356. [PMID: 26751972 PMCID: PMC4709140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosoma flatworm parasites cause schistosomiasis, a chronic and debilitating disease of poverty in developing countries. Praziquantel is employed for treatment and disease control. However, its efficacy spectrum is incomplete (less active or inactive against immature stages of the parasite) and there is a concern of drug resistance. Thus, there is a need to identify new drugs and drug targets. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We show that RNA interference (RNAi) of the Schistosoma mansoni ortholog of human polo-like kinase (huPLK)1 elicits a deleterious phenotypic alteration in post-infective larvae (schistosomula or somules). Phenotypic screening and analysis of schistosomula and adult S. mansoni with small molecule inhibitors of huPLK1 identified a number of potent anti-schistosomals. Among these was a GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) benzimidazole thiophene inhibitor that has completed Phase I clinical trials for treatment of solid tumor malignancies. We then obtained GSKs Published Kinase Inhibitor Sets (PKIS) 1 and 2, and phenotypically screened an expanded series of 38 benzimidazole thiophene PLK1 inhibitors. Computational analysis of controls and PLK1 inhibitor-treated populations of somules demonstrated a distinctive phenotype distribution. Using principal component analysis (PCA), the phenotypes exhibited by these populations were mapped, visualized and analyzed through projection to a low-dimensional space. The phenotype distribution was found to have a distinct shape and topology, which could be elicited using cluster analysis. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) was identified for the benzimidazole thiophenes that held for both somules and adult parasites. The most potent inhibitors produced marked phenotypic alterations at 1-2 μM within 1 h. Among these were compounds previously characterized as potent inhibitors of huPLK1 in cell assays. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The reverse genetic and chemical SAR data support a continued investigation of SmPLK1 as a possible drug target and/or the prosecution of the benzimidazole thiophene chemotype as a source of novel anti-schistosomals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thavy Long
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - R. Jeffrey Neitz
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rachel Beasley
- Department of Computer Science, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Brian M. Suzuki
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew P. Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Colette Dissous
- Center of Infection and Immunity of Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Inserm U1019, CNRS-UMR 8204, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - James H. McKerrow
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - David H. Drewry
- Department of Chemical Biology, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William J. Zuercher
- Department of Chemical Biology, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rahul Singh
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Conor R. Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Lee KS, Burke TR, Park JE, Bang JK, Lee E. Recent Advances and New Strategies in Targeting Plk1 for Anticancer Therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:858-877. [PMID: 26478211 PMCID: PMC4684765 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) plays key roles in regulating mitotic processes that are crucial for cellular proliferation. Overexpression of Plk1 is tightly associated with the development of particular cancers in humans, and a large body of evidence suggests that Plk1 is an attractive target for anticancer therapeutic development. Drugs targeting Plk1 can potentially be directed at two distinct sites: the N-terminal catalytic kinase domain (KD), which phosphorylates substrates, and the C-terminal polo-box domain (PBD) which is essential for protein-protein interactions. In this review we summarize recent advances and new challenges in the development of Plk1 inhibitors targeting these two domains. We also discuss novel strategies for designing and developing next-generation inhibitors to effectively treat Plk1-associated human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung S Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Terrence R Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeong K Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, 804-1, Yangcheong Ri, Ochang, Chungbuk, Cheongwon 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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13
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Shin SB, Woo SU, Yim H. Differential Cellular Effects of Plk1 Inhibitors Targeting the ATP-binding Domain or Polo-box Domain. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:3057-67. [PMID: 25975351 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The expression of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) correlates with malignancy and is thus recognized as a target for cancer therapy. In addition to the development of ATP-competitive Plk1 inhibitors, the polo-box domain (PBD), a unique functional domain of PLKs, is being targeted to develop Plk1-specific inhibitors. However, the action mechanisms of these two classes of Plk1 inhibitors have not been thoroughly evaluated. Here, we evaluate the differences in cellular effects of ATP-binding domain inhibitors (BI 2536, GSK 461364) and PBD inhibitors (poloxin, thymoquinone) to determine their mechanisms of Plk1 inhibition. Our data show that BI 2536 and GSK461364 increased the population of cells in the G2/M phase compared with controls, while treatment with poloxin and thymoquinone increased cell population in the S phase as well as in G2/M, in a p53-independent manner. The population of cells staining positively for p-Histone H3 and MPM2, mitotic index, was increased by treatment with BI 2536 or GSK461364, but not by treatment with poloxin or thymoquinone. Furthermore, treatment with BI 2536 or GSK461364 resulted in activation of the BubR1 spindle checkpoint kinase, suggesting that treatment with ATP-binding domain inhibitors induces metaphase arrest. However, the administration of poloxin and thymoquinone resulted in an increase in p21(WAF1) and S arrest, indicating that PBD inhibitors also affected interphase before mitotic entry. Taken together, these data suggest that the PDB of Plk1 plays a role in S phase progression through interaction with other proteins, while its ATP-binding domain is important for regulating mitotic progression mediated by its catalytic activity involving consumption of ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol-Bi Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Woo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyungshin Yim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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14
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Kumar S, Kim J. PLK-1 Targeted Inhibitors and Their Potential against Tumorigenesis. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015:705745. [PMID: 26557691 PMCID: PMC4628734 DOI: 10.1155/2015/705745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitotic kinases are the key components of the cell cycle machinery and play vital roles in cell cycle progression. PLK-1 (Polo-like kinase-1) is a crucial mitotic protein kinase that plays an essential role in both the onset of G2/M transition and cytokinesis. The overexpression of PLK-1 is strongly correlated with a wide spectrum of human cancers and poor prognosis. The (si)RNA-mediated depletion of PLK-1 arrests tumor growth and triggers apoptosis in cancer cells without affecting normal cells. Therefore, PLK-1 has been selected as an attractive anticancer therapeutic drug target. Some small molecules have been discovered to target the catalytic and noncatalytic domains of PLK-1. These domains regulate the catalytic activation and subcellular localization of PLK-1. However, while PLK-1 inhibitors block tumor growth, they have been shown to cause severe adverse complications, such as toxicity, neutropenia, and bone marrow suppression during clinical trials, due to a lack of selectivity and specificity within the human kinome. To minimize these toxicities, inhibitors should be tested against all protein kinases in vivo and in vitro to enhance selectivity and specificity against targets. Here, we discuss the potency and selectivity of PLK-1-targeted inhibitors and their molecular interactions with PLK-1 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea
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15
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Lucescu L, Ghinet A, Belei D, Rigo B, Dubois J, Bîcu E. Discovery of indolizines containing triazine moiety as new leads for the development of antitumoral agents targeting mitotic events. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3975-9. [PMID: 26227778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A new family of 3-aroylindolizines bearing a dimethoxytriazine unit in their position 1 was designed, synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization and cellular growth in vitro. Compound 39 was the best candidate in the current study with a GI50 value of 870 nM on SNB-75 CNS cancer cells and of 920 nM on MDA-MB-231/ATCC breast cancer cells. The standard NCI Compare results indicated that indolizine 39 may target PLK1 (polo-like kinase 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Lucescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, 'Al. I. Cuza' University of Iasi, B-dul Carol I, Nr. 11, Corp A, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Ghinet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, 'Al. I. Cuza' University of Iasi, B-dul Carol I, Nr. 11, Corp A, 700506 Iasi, Romania; Inserm, LIRIC-U995, Université Lille 2, CHRU de Lille, Faculté de Médecine-Pôle Recherche, Place Verdun, F-59045 Lille Cedex, France; Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), UCLille, Laboratoire de pharmacochimie, 13 rue de Toul, BP 41290, F-59014 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Dalila Belei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, 'Al. I. Cuza' University of Iasi, B-dul Carol I, Nr. 11, Corp A, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Benoît Rigo
- Inserm, LIRIC-U995, Université Lille 2, CHRU de Lille, Faculté de Médecine-Pôle Recherche, Place Verdun, F-59045 Lille Cedex, France; Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), UCLille, Laboratoire de pharmacochimie, 13 rue de Toul, BP 41290, F-59014 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Joëlle Dubois
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR2301 CNRS, Centre de Recherche de Gif, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Elena Bîcu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, 'Al. I. Cuza' University of Iasi, B-dul Carol I, Nr. 11, Corp A, 700506 Iasi, Romania.
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16
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Kazazian K, Brashavitskaya O, Zih FSW, Berger-Richardson D, Xu RSZ, Pacholczyk K, Macmillan J, Swallow CJ. Polo-Like Kinases in Colorectal Cancer: Potential for Targeted Therapy. Curr Colorectal Cancer Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-015-0275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Park JE, Kim TS, Kim BY, Lee KS. Selective blockade of cancer cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth by Plk1 activity-dependent suicidal inhibition of its polo-box domain. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:3624-34. [PMID: 26513691 PMCID: PMC4825759 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1104435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) plays a critical role in proper M-phase progression and cell proliferation. Plk1 is overexpressed in a broad spectrum of human cancers and is considered an attractive anticancer drug target. Although a large number of inhibitors targeting the catalytic domain of Plk1 have been developed, these inhibitors commonly exhibit a substantial level of cross-reactivity with other structurally related kinases, thus narrowing their applicable dose for patient treatment. Plk1 contains a C-terminal polo-box domain (PBD) that is essentially required for interacting with its binding targets. However, largely due to the lack of both specific and membrane-permeable inhibitors, whether PBD serves as an alternative target for the development of anticancer therapeutics has not been rigorously examined. Here, we used an intracellularly expressed 29-mer-long PBIP1-derived peptide (i.e., PBIPtide), which can be converted into a "suicidal" PBD inhibitor via Plk1-dependent self-priming and binding. Using this highly specific and potent system, we showed that Plk1 PBD inhibition alone is sufficient for inducing mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death in cancer cells but not in normal cells, and that cancer cell-selective killing can occur regardless of the presence or absence of oncogenic RAS mutation. Intriguingly, PBD inhibition also effectively prevented anchorage-independent growth of malignant cancer cells. Thus, targeting PBD represents an appealing strategy for anti-Plk1 inhibitor development. Additionally, PBD inhibition-induced cancer cell-selective killing may not simply stem from activated RAS alone but, rather, from multiple altered biochemical and physiological mechanisms, which may have collectively contributed to Plk1 addiction in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Park
- Laboratory of Metabolism; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Tae-Sung Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Incurable Diseases Therapeutics Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Ochang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung S Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
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18
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Comelli NC, Duchowicz PR, Castro EA. QSAR models for thiophene and imidazopyridine derivatives inhibitors of the Polo-Like Kinase 1. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 62:171-9. [PMID: 24909730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory activity of 103 thiophene and 33 imidazopyridine derivatives against Polo-Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) expressed as pIC50 (-logIC50) was predicted by QSAR modeling. Multivariate linear regression (MLR) was employed to model the relationship between 0D and 3D molecular descriptors and biological activities of molecules using the replacement method (MR) as variable selection tool. The 136 compounds were separated into several training and test sets. Two splitting approaches, distribution of biological data and structural diversity, and the statistical experimental design procedure D-optimal distance were applied to the dataset. The significance of the training set models was confirmed by statistically higher values of the internal leave one out cross-validated coefficient of determination (Q2) and external predictive coefficient of determination for the test set (Rtest2). The model developed from a training set, obtained with the D-optimal distance protocol and using 3D descriptor space along with activity values, separated chemical features that allowed to distinguish high and low pIC50 values reasonably well. Then, we verified that such model was sufficient to reliably and accurately predict the activity of external diverse structures. The model robustness was properly characterized by means of standard procedures and their applicability domain (AD) was analyzed by leverage method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves C Comelli
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Av. Belgrano y Maestro Quiroga, 4700 Catamarca, Argentina.
| | - Pablo R Duchowicz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas INIFTA (UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, C.C. 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eduardo A Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas INIFTA (UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, C.C. 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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19
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20
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Sun S, Zhang L, Lu S, Liu H, Yuan H, Chen Y, Lu T. De novodesign of PLK1 inhibitors based on 2-amino aromatic heterocyclic scaffold: 3D-QSAR and molecular fragment replacement. Molecular Simulation 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2013.784761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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22
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Christoph DC, Schuler M. Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitors in mono- and combination therapies: a new strategy for treating malignancies. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2011; 11:1115-30. [PMID: 21806334 DOI: 10.1586/era.11.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) inhibitors belong to a new class of drugs for the treatment of malignant diseases. They selectively act against a target (Plk1) which is involved in different stages of mitosis such as centrosome maturation, spindle formation, chromosome separation and cytokinesis. Because Plk1 is mainly expressed in proliferating tissues and overexpressed in cancers, its inhibition is potentially less prone to toxicities associated with current antimitotic agents, which also act on nondividing cells. Several Plk1 inhibitors are being evaluated as cancer treatment drugs. Based on the essential role of Plk1 during mitosis, Plk1 inhibitors target all rapidly dividing cells irrespective of their tumor suppressor or oncogene mutations. In this article, their mechanisms of action, efficacy and toxicity profile are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Christoph
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
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23
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Solanki S, Innocenti P, Mas-Droux C, Boxall K, Barillari C, van Montfort RLM, Aherne GW, Bayliss R, Hoelder S. Benzimidazole Inhibitors Induce a DFG-Out Conformation of Never in Mitosis Gene A-Related Kinase 2 (Nek2) without Binding to the Back Pocket and Reveal a Nonlinear Structure−Activity Relationship. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1626-39. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1011726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Savade Solanki
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Innocenti
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Corine Mas-Droux
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Section of Structural Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Kathy Boxall
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Barillari
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Section of Structural Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Rob L. M. van Montfort
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Section of Structural Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - G. Wynne Aherne
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Bayliss
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Section of Structural Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Swen Hoelder
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
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24
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Rheault TR, Donaldson KH, Badiang-Alberti JG, Davis-Ward RG, Andrews CW, Bambal R, Jackson JR, Cheung M. Heteroaryl-linked 5-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)-2-thiophenecarboxamides: potent inhibitors of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) with improved drug-like properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4587-92. [PMID: 20594842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Potent inhibitors of PLK1 with acceptable solubility, mouse iv clearance, and reduced CYP450 inhibition were identified. Drug-like properties were improved using a heteroaryl ring as a functional handle for manipulation of inhibitors' physiochemical and DMPK properties.
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25
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Abstract
The polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) acts in concert with cyclin-dependent kinase 1-cyclin B1 and Aurora kinases to orchestrate a wide range of critical cell cycle events. Because PLK1 has been preclinically validated as a cancer target, small-molecule inhibitors of PLK1 have become attractive candidates for anticancer drug development. Although the roles of the closely related PLK2, PLK3 and PLK4 in cancer are less well understood, there is evidence showing that PLK2 and PLK3 act as tumour suppressors through their functions in the p53 signalling network, which guards the cell against various stress signals. In this article, recent insights into the biology of PLKs will be reviewed, with an emphasis on their role in malignant transformation, and progress in the development of small-molecule PLK1 inhibitors will be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, J.W. Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
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26
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Abstract
Naturally occurring agents have always been appreciated for their medicinal value for both their chemopreventive and therapeutic effects against cancer. In fact, the majority of the drugs we use today, including the anti-cancer agents, were originally derived from natural compounds, either in their native form or modified to enhance their bioavailability or specificity. It is believed that for maximum effectiveness, it will useful to design novel target-based agents for chemoprevention as well as the treatment of cancer. Recent studies have shown that the serine/threonine kinase polo-like kinase (Plk) 1 is widely overexpressed in a variety of cancers and is being increasingly appreciated as a target for cancer management. Additionally, several chemopreventive agents have been shown to inhibit Plk1 in cancer cells. In this review, we will discuss if Plk1 could also be a target for designing novel strategies for cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis L. Schmit
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Medical Science Center, Room 423, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mark C. Ledesma
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Medical Science Center, Room 423, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Medical Science Center, Room 423, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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27
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Gilmartin AG, Bleam MR, Richter MC, Erskine SG, Kruger RG, Madden L, Hassler DF, Smith GK, Gontarek RR, Courtney MP, Sutton D, Diamond MA, Jackson JR, Laquerre SG. Distinct concentration-dependent effects of the polo-like kinase 1-specific inhibitor GSK461364A, including differential effect on apoptosis. Cancer Res 2009; 69:6969-77. [PMID: 19690138 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating the many processes involved in mitotic entry and progression. In humans, Plk1 is expressed primarily during late G(2) and M phases and, in conjunction with Cdk1/cyclin B1, acts as master regulatory kinases for the myriad protein substrates involved in mitosis. Plk1 overexpression is strongly associated with cancer and has been correlated with poor prognosis in a broad range of human tumor types. We have identified a potent, selective, reversible, ATP-competitive inhibitor of Plk1, GSK461364A, capable of inhibiting cell growth of most proliferating cancer cell lines tested. We observe distinct cell cycle effects of GSK461364A depending on the dose used. The predominant phenotype for cells treated with GSK461364A is prometaphase arrest with characteristic collapsed polar polo spindle. At high concentrations, GSK461364A delays mitotic entry in G(2) followed by gradual progression into terminal mitosis; in some cell lines, this correlates with decreased apoptosis. Cell culture growth inhibition by GSK461364A can be cytostatic or cytotoxic but leads to tumor regression in xenograft tumor models under proper dose scheduling. Finally, we describe pharmacodynamic biomarkers of GSK461364A activity (pHH3 and Plk1) that are currently being evaluated in human cancer clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan G Gilmartin
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA.
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28
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Sato Y, Onozaki Y, Sugimoto T, Kurihara H, Kamijo K, Kadowaki C, Tsujino T, Watanabe A, Otsuki S, Mitsuya M, Iida M, Haze K, Machida T, Nakatsuru Y, Komatani H, Kotani H, Iwasawa Y. Imidazopyridine derivatives as potent and selective Polo-like kinase (PLK) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4673-8. [PMID: 19589677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of imidazopyridine derivatives was designed as PLK1 inhibitors. Extensive SAR studies supported by molecular modeling afforded a highly potent and selective compound 36. Compound 36 demonstrated good antitumor efficacy in xenograft nude rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Sato
- Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
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29
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Reindl W, Yuan J, Krämer A, Strebhardt K, Berg T. A pan-specific inhibitor of the polo-box domains of polo-like kinases arrests cancer cells in mitosis. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1145-8. [PMID: 19350612 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Playing polo: Small-molecule inhibitors of polo-like kinase 1 are mostly ATP-competitive, and thus face enormous specificity hurdles. This communication explores the concept of inhibiting Plk1 with a small-molecule inhibitor of the protein-protein interactions required for Plk1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Reindl
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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30
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Emmitte KA, Adjabeng GM, Adjebang GM, Andrews CW, Alberti JGB, Bambal R, Chamberlain SD, Davis-Ward RG, Dickson HD, Hassler DF, Hornberger KR, Jackson JR, Kuntz KW, Lansing TJ, Mook RA, Nailor KE, Pobanz MA, Smith SC, Sung CM, Cheung M. Design of potent thiophene inhibitors of polo-like kinase 1 with improved solubility and reduced protein binding. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1694-7. [PMID: 19237286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of thiophene PLK1 inhibitors was optimized for increased solubility and reduced protein binding through the appendage of basic amine functionality. Interesting selectivity between PLK1 and PLK3 was also obtained through these modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Emmitte
- Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, GlaxoSmithKline, USA
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