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Demmer S, Kleindienst N, Hjortswang H, Thomann P, Ebert M, Reindl W, Thomann A. Validation of the German version of the Short Health Scale - a brief, valid and reliable instrument to assess health-related quality of life in German-speaking patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Z Gastroenterol 2023; 61:1207-1213. [PMID: 37309101 PMCID: PMC10629489 DOI: 10.1055/a-1976-9971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life (hrQoL) may be the most important patient-reported outcome for patients with chronic disorders. The Short Health Scale (SHS) is a brief four-item instrument to assess hrQoL in patients with bowel disorders. This study examined the validity, reliability and sensitivity of the German translation of the SHS in a cohort of outpatients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). METHODS The study was preregistered in April 2021 (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/S82D9). Outpatients with IBD (n=225) in different stages of disease activity (as determined by the Harvey-Bradshaw index or partial Mayo score) completed the German SHS and the short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (sIBDQ) as an established measure of hrQoL to examine the convergent validity. To assess reliability, a subset of patients (n=30) in remission completed the same questionnaires after 4-8 weeks. Sensitivity to change was established from questionnaires of patients with either decreased (n=15) or increased (n=16) disease activity after 3-6 months. RESULTS The internal consistency of the German SHS was high (Cronbach's α=0.860). SHS total scores correlated strongly with sIBDQ scores (ρ=-0.760, p<0.001) and disease activity (ρ=0.590, p<0.001). Retest reliability was high (ρ=0.695, p<0.001). Sensitivity to change was statistically significant for patients with decreased (p=0.013) but not increased (p=0.134) disease activity. CONCLUSION The German version of the SHS is a valid and reliable tool to measure hrQoL in persons with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Demmer
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Kleindienst
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Henrik Hjortswang
- Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Philipp Thomann
- Center for Mental Health, Odenwald District Healthcare Centre, Odenwald District, Erbach, Germany
| | - Matthias Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Thomann
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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2
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Winter M, Simon RP, Häbe TT, Ries R, Wang Y, Kvaskoff D, Fernández-Montalván A, Luippold AH, Büttner FH, Reindl W. Label-free high-throughput screening via acoustic ejection mass spectrometry put into practice. SLAS Discov 2023; 28:240-246. [PMID: 37031752 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic droplet ejection-open port interface-mass spectrometry (ADE-OPI-MS) is a novel label-free analytical technique, promising to become a versatile readout for high-throughput screening (HTS) applications. The recent introduction of ADE-OPI-MS devices to the laboratory equipment market, paired with their compatibility with laboratory automation platforms, should facilitate the adoption of this technology by a broader community. Towards this goal, instrument robustness in the context of HTS campaigns - where up to millions of samples in complex matrices are tested in a short time frame - represents a major challenge, which explains the absence of detailed literature reports on this subject. Here, we present the results of our first fully automated HTS campaign, based on the ADE-OPI-MS technology, aiming to identify inhibitors of a metabolic enzyme in a >1 million compound library. The report encompasses the assay development and validation steps, as well as the adaptation for HTS requirements, where refinement of the capillary cleaning concept was crucial for final success. Altogether, our study unequivocally demonstrates the applicability of the ADE-OPI-MS technology for HTS-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Winter
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - Roman P Simon
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - Tim T Häbe
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Robert Ries
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Yuting Wang
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - David Kvaskoff
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | | | - Andreas H Luippold
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Frank H Büttner
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
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3
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Hasselblatt P, Reindl W, Gauss A, Neeff H, Fusco S, Klaus J. Questions to consider when caring for patients with ulcerative colitis. Z Gastroenterol 2023; 61:690-700. [PMID: 36257329 DOI: 10.1055/a-1890-6015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the management of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is well defined by national and international guidelines, there are many debates and open questions related to daily care of UC patients. Here, we aimed to review topics with high clinical relevance including therapy algorithms, potential biomarkers for disease prognosis and response to therapy, the role of interventions targeting the gut microbiota, insights from head-to-head trials, novel UC medications, exit strategies, the impact of COVID19 on UC, care of patients with acute severe disease, cancer screening, and the role of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hasselblatt
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Annika Gauss
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Neeff
- Dept. of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Fusco
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Medizinische Fakultät, Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Zimmermann T, Thomas L, Baader-Pagler T, Haebel P, Simon E, Reindl W, Bajrami B, Rist W, Uphues I, Drucker DJ, Klein H, Santhanam R, Hamprecht D, Neubauer H, Augustin R. BI 456906: Discovery and preclinical pharmacology of a novel GCGR/GLP-1R dual agonist with robust anti-obesity efficacy. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101633. [PMID: 36356832 PMCID: PMC9679702 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and its associated comorbidities represent a global health challenge with a need for well-tolerated, effective, and mechanistically diverse pharmaceutical interventions. Oxyntomodulin is a gut peptide that activates the glucagon receptor (GCGR) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and reduces bodyweight by increasing energy expenditure and reducing energy intake in humans. Here we describe the pharmacological profile of the novel glucagon receptor (GCGR)/GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) dual agonist BI 456906. METHODS BI 456906 was characterized using cell-based in vitro assays to determine functional agonism. In vivo pharmacological studies were performed using acute and subchronic dosing regimens to demonstrate target engagement for the GCGR and GLP-1R, and weight lowering efficacy. RESULTS BI 456906 is a potent, acylated peptide containing a C18 fatty acid as a half-life extending principle to support once-weekly dosing in humans. Pharmacological doses of BI 456906 provided greater bodyweight reductions in mice compared with maximally effective doses of the GLP-1R agonist semaglutide. BI 456906's superior efficacy is the consequence of increased energy expenditure and reduced food intake. Engagement of both receptors in vivo was demonstrated via glucose tolerance, food intake, and gastric emptying tests for the GLP-1R, and liver nicotinamide N-methyltransferase mRNA expression and circulating biomarkers (amino acids, fibroblast growth factor-21) for the GCGR. The dual activity of BI 456906 at the GLP-1R and GCGR was supported using GLP-1R knockout and transgenic reporter mice, and an ex vivo bioactivity assay. CONCLUSIONS BI 456906 is a potent GCGR/GLP-1R dual agonist with robust anti-obesity efficacy achieved by increasing energy expenditure and decreasing food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Zimmermann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Leo Thomas
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Tamara Baader-Pagler
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Peter Haebel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Eric Simon
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Besnik Bajrami
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Rist
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Ingo Uphues
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Holger Klein
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Rakesh Santhanam
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Dieter Hamprecht
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Research Italia, Via Lorenzini 8, 20139 Milano, Italy.
| | - Heike Neubauer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Robert Augustin
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
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Thomann AK, Wüstenberg T, Wirbel J, Knoedler LL, Thomann PA, Zeller G, Ebert MP, Lis S, Reindl W. Depression and fatigue in active IBD from a microbiome perspective-a Bayesian approach to faecal metagenomics. BMC Med 2022; 20:366. [PMID: 36244970 PMCID: PMC9575298 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extraintestinal symptoms are common in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and include depression and fatigue. These are highly prevalent especially in active disease, potentially due to inflammation-mediated changes in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between structural and functional microbiota characteristics and severity of fatigue and depressive symptoms in patients with active IBD. METHODS We included clinical data of 62 prospectively enrolled patients with IBD in an active disease state. Patients supplied stool samples and completed the questionnaires regarding depression and fatigue symptoms. Based on taxonomic and functional metagenomic profiles of faecal gut microbiota, we used Bayesian statistics to investigate the associative networks and triangle motifs between bacterial genera, functional modules and symptom severity of self-reported fatigue and depression. RESULTS Associations with moderate to strong evidence were found for 3 genera (Odoribacter, Anaerotruncus and Alistipes) and 3 functional modules (pectin, glycosaminoglycan and central carbohydrate metabolism) with regard to depression and for 4 genera (Intestinimonas, Anaerotruncus, Eubacterium and Clostridiales g.i.s) and 2 functional modules implicating amino acid and central carbohydrate metabolism with regard to fatigue. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence of association triplets between microbiota composition, function and extraintestinal symptoms in active IBD. Depression and fatigue were associated with lower abundances of short-chain fatty acid producers and distinct pathways implicating glycan, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Our results suggest that microbiota-directed therapeutic approaches may reduce fatigue and depression in IBD and should be investigated in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kerstin Thomann
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Torsten Wüstenberg
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Core Facility for Neuroscience of Self-Regulation (CNSR), Field of Focus 4 (FoF4), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Wirbel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura-Louise Knoedler
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Georg Zeller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Philip Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Healthy Metabolism, Centre of Preventive Medicine and Digital Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lis
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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6
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Winter M, Simon RP, Wang Y, Bretschneider T, Bauer M, Magarkar A, Reindl W, Fernández-Montalván A, Montel F, Büttner FH. Differential analyte derivatization enables unbiased MALDI-TOF-based high-throughput screening: A proof-of-concept study for the discovery of catechol-o-methyltransferase inhibitors. SLAS Discov 2022; 27:287-297. [PMID: 35597517 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in label-free high-throughput screening via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) offer unprecedented opportunities for the identification of novel chemical starting points in target-based drug discovery. A clear advantage of the technology is the possibility for label-free, direct quantification of analytes with high precision and robustness. Here we have expanded the range of analytes and biology that can be addressed via MALDI-TOF HTS, by developing a method based on post-reaction pyrylium-based derivatization to detect 3-methoxytyramine, the physiological enzyme product of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme. The introduction of pyrylium-type reagents as universal derivatization strategy under aqueous conditions for molecules containing primary amines represents a valuable addition to the toolbox of MALDI-TOF assay development. Characterization of COMT's enzymatic activity and inhibition by reference inhibitors, and comparison of the results obtained in our assay with data from previous mechanistic studies validated the performance of this new method. To address the problem of isobaric interference, a source of false results in MALDI-TOF assays measuring low molecular weight analytes, we devised a differential derivatization workflow which can potentially replace other counter- or orthogonal assays in future screening campaigns. Finally, we report on the first label-free HTS campaign for the identification of COMT inhibitors performed in miniaturized 1536-well microtiter plate format via MALDI-TOF MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Winter
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - Roman P Simon
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Yuting Wang
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Tom Bretschneider
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Margit Bauer
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Aniket Magarkar
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | | | - Florian Montel
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Frank H Büttner
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
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7
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Lange B, Welker S, Kittel M, Jabbour C, Reindl W, Walter T, Heininger A. A case series of severe breakthrough infections observed in nine patients with COVID-19 in a southwestern German university hospital. Infection 2022; 50:775-782. [PMID: 35294729 PMCID: PMC8924568 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-022-01797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Vaccination is the key element for protection against COVID-19. Increased vaccination breakthroughs raise the question of whether additional prevention is necessary in case of individual risk factors for a severe course with hospitalization or death despite vaccination. Methods Since July 13, 2021, there is an extended reporting requirement by German law. We analyzed our hospitalized patients with vaccine breakthrough infection during the first 8 weeks. Results Nine of 67 patients (13.4%) hospitalized for COVID-19 (median age 75 years) were fully vaccinated. Five of these patients received intensive care; two patients died. All had received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech). There was a median of 99 days between complete immunization and symptom onset. All patients suffered from ≥ three comorbidities. Six patients (66.7%) showed a negative Anti-SARS-CoV-2-N titer at the time of vaccine breakthrough, five of these also had Anti-SARS-CoV-2-S titers < 100 U/ml. All determinable cases were Delta variant B.1.617.2. Conclusion Advanced age, underlying cardiorespiratory disease, and the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 were associated with hospitalization of our patients, suffering from vaccine breakthrough infection. Avoidance of face masks, lack of immunization of close contacts, and travel to high-risk areas have been observed as modifiable behavioural circumstances. Consistent personal protective measures, vaccination of close caregivers, and increased awareness might be effective measures in addition to COVID-19 booster vaccination for patients at a high risk to suffer a severe course of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Lange
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Department of Hygiene, Heidelberg University, University Medical Center Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Sybille Welker
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kittel
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claude Jabbour
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, 1st Department of Medicine, Heidelberg University, University Medical Center Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, 2nd Department of Medicine, Heidelberg University, University Medical Center Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Walter
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Emergency Department, Heidelberg University, University Medical Center Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexandra Heininger
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Department of Hygiene, Heidelberg University, University Medical Center Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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8
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Atanasova K, Lotter T, Bekrater-Bodmann R, Kleindienst N, Reindl W, Lis S. Is It a Gut Feeling? Bodily Sensations Associated With the Experience of Valence and Arousal in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:833423. [PMID: 35530019 PMCID: PMC9072626 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.833423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown dysfunctional emotion processing in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), characterized by a hypersensitivity to negative emotions and a hyposensitivity to positive emotions. Models of emotion processing emphasize the importance of bodily sensations to the experience of emotions. Since there have been no studies on whether emotion-associated bodily sensations are changed in IBD, we investigated the experience of bodily sensations related to valence and arousal, together with their links to emotional awareness, as one domain of interoceptive sensibility relevant to emotion processing. METHODS Using a topographical self-report measure, 41 IBD patients in clinical remission and 44 healthy control (HC) participants were asked to indicate where and how intensely in their body they perceive changes when experiencing emotions of positive and negative valence, as well as relaxation and tension. Additionally, we used self-report questionnaires to assess emotional awareness as one domain of an individual's interoceptive sensibility, gastrointestinal-specific anxiety (GSA), and psychological distress. RESULTS Patients with IBD reported higher emotional awareness but lower intensities of perceived changes in their bodily sensations related to valence and arousal of emotional processing. IBD patients reported less intense bodily activation during positive emotions and less intense bodily deactivation during negative emotional states in comparison to HC participants. Higher emotional awareness and psychological distress were linked to stronger experiences of emotion-related bodily sensations in IBD patients. CONCLUSION Inflammatory bowel diseases patients exhibited alterations in how they link bodily sensations to their emotional experience. Such persistent changes can affect a patient's wellbeing and are related to higher levels of anxiety and depression among IBD patients, even in remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Atanasova
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Lotter
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robin Bekrater-Bodmann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Kleindienst
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lis
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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9
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Tzatzarakis E, Herrle F, Reindl W, Altmayer N, Minas D, Kienle P, Reissfelder C, Şandra-Petrescu F. Association of ileocolic pedicle division with postoperative complications after restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. BMC Surg 2021; 21:426. [PMID: 34922520 PMCID: PMC8684109 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-021-01428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background When performing a restorative proctocolectomy (RPC) with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), it is common practice to divide the ileocolic artery (ICA) if the patient has a tumor or dysplasia, or in order to gain sufficient length to secure a tension-free anastomosis. However, it is unclear whether there is an association between division of the ICA and the rate of postoperative complications. Methods We retrospectively analysed all patients with ulcerative colitis who underwent RPC and IPAA in our department between January 2010 and December 2016. These were divided in two groups, with regard to the ICA being preserved (PRE group) or divided (DIV group). Complications such as stenosis or leakage of the IPAA, perianal fistulas, abscess formation within the lesser pelvis and pouchitis were analysed and compared between both groups. Results We identified 130 patients meeting the study inclusion criteria, 49 patients in the PRE and 81 patients in the DIV group. No statistical significance was observed in IPAA leakages (p = 0.71), anastomotic strictures (p = 0.33), fistulas (p = 0.19) and pouchitis (p = 0.72). Abscess formation frequency was similar in both groups (p > 0.99). Moreover, short-term (p = 0.53) and long-term complications (p = 0.11) were similar in both groups. A higher conversion rate was observed in obese (p = 0.006) and male (p = 0.02) patients. Within the entire study population, fistulas and IPAA leakages were associated with a higher rate of anastomotic strictures (p = 0.008 and p = 0.02 respectively). Conclusion Our data suggest similar IPAA related complications after either division or preservation of the ICA. Further trials are required in order to examine the trends observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Tzatzarakis
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Florian Herrle
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Department of Medicine II, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nora Altmayer
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dominik Minas
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Kienle
- Department of Surgery, Theresienkrankenhaus, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Reissfelder
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Flavius Şandra-Petrescu
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
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10
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Wilke E, Reindl W, Thomann PA, Ebert MP, Wuestenberg T, Thomann AK. Effects of yoga in inflammatory bowel diseases and on frequent IBD-associated extraintestinal symptoms like fatigue and depression. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 45:101465. [PMID: 34388560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Quality of life (QoL) of persons with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is often impaired by symptoms that do not primarily relate to intestinal inflammation. Among the most challenging extraintestinal symptoms are depression and fatigue, which are also frequent in other chronic diseases like multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. Yoga as an ancient Indian tradition containing postures, breathing exercises and meditation may positively influence those symptoms. This review evaluates the current literature with regard to the effect of yoga-based interventions in persons with IBD and with regard to QoL, depression and fatigue in other somatic disorders. A systematic literature search yielded three trials examining the effects of yoga in patients with IBD and 37 trials addressing depressive syndromes or fatigue in somatic disorders. In summary, both in-person and video-based yoga classes are feasible, acceptable and safe as complementary treatment in patients with IBD and significantly improve anxiety and impaired quality of life. Current literature does not provide information on the effect of yoga on depression and fatigue in patients with IBD, but research from other somatic disorders or patients with depressive disorders implies the potential of yoga in this regard for persons with IBD. This should be specifically addressed in interventional trials with standardized yoga modules including patients with IBD suffering from fatigue, depression and/or impaired QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wilke
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.
| | - W Reindl
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - P A Thomann
- Center for Mental Health, Odenwald District Healthcare Center, Erbach, Germany
| | - M P Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - T Wuestenberg
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - A K Thomann
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
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11
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Simon RP, Häbe TT, Ries R, Winter M, Wang Y, Fernández-Montalván A, Bischoff D, Runge F, Reindl W, Luippold AH, Büttner FH. Acoustic Ejection Mass Spectrometry: A Fully Automatable Technology for High-Throughput Screening in Drug Discovery. SLAS Discov 2021; 26:961-973. [PMID: 34308708 DOI: 10.1177/24725552211028135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE)-open port interface (OPI)-mass spectrometry (MS) has recently been introduced as a versatile analytical method that combines fast and contactless acoustic sampling with sensitive and accurate electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS-based analyte detection. The potential of the technology to provide label-free measurements in subsecond analytical cycle times makes it an attractive option for high-throughput screening (HTS). Here, we report the first implementation of ADE-OPI-MS in a fully automated HTS environment, based on the example of a biochemical assay aiming at the identification of small-molecule inhibitors of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (GMP-AMP) synthase (cGAS). First, we describe the optimization of the method to enable sensitive and accurate determination of enzyme activity and inhibition in miniaturized 1536-well microtiter plate format. Then we show both results from a validation single-concentration screen using a test set of 5500 compounds, and the subsequent concentration-response testing of selected hits in direct comparison with a previously established matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) readout. Finally, we present the development of an in-line OPI cleaning procedure aiming to match the instrument robustness required for large-scale HTS campaigns. Overall, this work points to critical method development parameters and provides guidance for the establishment of integrated ADE-OPI-MS as HTS-compatible technology for early drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman P Simon
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Tim T Häbe
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Robert Ries
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Yuting Wang
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Bischoff
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Frank Runge
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Andreas H Luippold
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Frank H Büttner
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
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12
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Thomann AK, Schmitgen MM, Kmuche D, Ebert MP, Thomann PA, Szabo K, Gass A, Griebe M, Reindl W, Wolf RC. Exploring joint patterns of brain structure and function in inflammatory bowel diseases using multimodal data fusion. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14078. [PMID: 33368950 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of neuroimaging studies suggest distinct neural changes in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Whether such changes may show similar spatial patterns across distinct neural features within and between specific IBD is unclear. To address this question, we used multivariate multimodal data fusion analysis to investigate structure/function modulation in remitted patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Patients with IBD (n = 46; n = 31 with CD, n = 15 with UC) in stable remission and 17 healthy controls (HC) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) as well as cognitive testing. Anxiety, depression, and fatigue were assessed using self-rating questionnaires. sMRI data were analyzed via voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and rs-fMRI data via amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) and regional homogeneity (ReHo). Detection of cross-information between VBM, ALFF, and ReHo was conducted by means of a joint independent component analysis (jICA), followed by group-inference statistics. KEY RESULTS Joint independent component analysis detected structural alterations in middle frontal and temporal regions (VBM), and functional changes in the superior frontal gyrus (ReHo) and the medial as well as inferior frontal, inferior temporal, rectal, and subcallosal gyrus (ALFF). One joint component of extracted features of the three modalities differed significantly between IBD patients and controls (p = 0.03), and most distinctly between HC and patients with UC. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Using a multivariate data fusion technique, this study provides further evidence to brain alterations in IBD. The data suggest distinct neural differences between CD and UC, particularly in frontotemporal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kerstin Thomann
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mike Michael Schmitgen
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dagny Kmuche
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Philip Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Kristina Szabo
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Achim Gass
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Griebe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robert Christian Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Atanasova K, Lotter T, Reindl W, Lis S. Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Abilities, Emotion Processing and the Role of Early Life Stress in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:680878. [PMID: 34248716 PMCID: PMC8264143 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.680878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perception of internal bodily sensations includes three dissociable processes: interoceptive accuracy, interoceptive sensibility, and interoceptive awareness. Interoceptive abilities play a crucial role in emotion processing and impairments of these processes have been reported in several psychiatric disorders. Studies investigating interoceptive abilities and their role in emotional experience in individuals with somatic disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are sparse. Recent findings suggested an association between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and the development of gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of the current study was to investigate the associations between the different dimensions of interoception and emotional processing in IBD while taking ACE into account. We recruited IBD patients in clinical remission (n = 35) and 35 healthy control participants (HC) matched for age, education and IQ. Interoception was measured as a three-dimensional construct. Interoceptive accuracy was assessed with the heartbeat tracking task and interoceptive sensibility with a self-report measure (Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness questionnaire). Emotional processing was measured using an experimental task, where participants were asked to rate the subjectively perceived valence and arousal when presented with positive, neutral and negative visual stimuli. IBD patients significantly differed in two interoceptive sensibility domains, Emotional awareness and Not-distracting. Patients reported greater awareness of the connection between bodily sensations and emotional states, while showing a stronger tendency to use distraction from unpleasant sensations compared with HC. Higher emotional awareness was linked to higher perceived intensity and arousal of negative stimuli. The strength of this relation was dependent on the severity of ACE, with severer traumatization being associated with a stronger association between emotional awareness and perceived valence and arousal. Our findings suggest that it is the subjective component of interoception, especially the one assessing interoceptive abilities within the scope of emotional experience, which affects emotional processing in IBD. This is the first study providing evidence that IBD patients did not differ in their perception of visceral signals per se but only in the subjective ability to attribute certain physical sensations to physiological manifestations of emotions. Our findings support the hypothesis that ACE affect the association between interoception and emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Atanasova
- Institute of Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Lotter
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute for Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lis
- Institute of Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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14
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Simon RP, Winter M, Kleiner C, Wehrle L, Karnath M, Ries R, Zeeb M, Schnapp G, Fiegen D, Häbe TT, Runge F, Bretschneider T, Luippold AH, Bischoff D, Reindl W, Büttner FH. MALDI-TOF-Based Affinity Selection Mass Spectrometry for Automated Screening of Protein-Ligand Interactions at High Throughput. SLAS Discov 2020; 26:44-57. [PMID: 33073664 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220959266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Demonstration of in vitro target engagement for small-molecule ligands by measuring binding to a molecular target is an established approach in early drug discovery and a pivotal step in high-throughput screening (HTS)-based compound triaging. We describe the setup, evaluation, and application of a ligand binding assay platform combining automated affinity selection (AS)-based sample preparation and label-free matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis. The platform enables mass spectrometry (MS)-based HTS for small-molecule target interactions from single-compound incubation mixtures and is embedded into a regular assay automation environment. Efficient separation of target-ligand complexes is achieved by in-plate size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and small-molecule ligands are subsequently identified by MALDI-TOF analysis. In contrast to alternative HTS-capable binding assay formats, MALDI-TOF AS-MS is capable of identifying orthosteric and allosteric ligands, as shown for the model system protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), irrespective of protein function. Furthermore, determining relative binding affinities (RBAs) enabled ligand ranking in accordance with functional inhibition and reference data for PTP1B and a number of diverse protein targets. Finally, we present a validation screen of more than 23,000 compounds within 24 h, demonstrating the general applicability of the platform for the HTS-compatible assessment of protein-ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman P Simon
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Carola Kleiner
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Lucie Wehrle
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Michael Karnath
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Robert Ries
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Markus Zeeb
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Gisela Schnapp
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Dennis Fiegen
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Tim T Häbe
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Frank Runge
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Tom Bretschneider
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Andreas H Luippold
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Daniel Bischoff
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Frank H Büttner
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
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15
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Leipe J, Wilke EL, Ebert MP, Teufel A, Reindl W. Long, relapsing, and atypical symptomatic course of COVID-19 in a B-cell-depleted patient after rituximab. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020; 50:1087-1088. [PMID: 32916559 PMCID: PMC7833880 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Leipe
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine V, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, University of Munich, Germany.
| | - Eva L Wilke
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias P Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Teufel
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Häbe TT, Liu C, Covey TR, Simon RP, Reindl W, Büttner FH, Winter M, Bischoff D, Luippold AH, Runge F. Ultrahigh-Throughput ESI-MS: Sampling Pushed to Six Samples per Second by Acoustic Ejection Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12242-12249. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim T. Häbe
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Chang Liu
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Tom R. Covey
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Roman P. Simon
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Frank H. Büttner
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Daniel Bischoff
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Luippold
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Frank Runge
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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17
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Einwächter H, Heiseke A, Schlitzer A, Gasteiger G, Adler H, Voehringer D, Manz MG, Ruzsics Z, Dölken L, Koszinowski UH, Sparwasser T, Reindl W, Jordan S. The Innate Immune Response to Infection Induces Erythropoietin-Dependent Replenishment of the Dendritic Cell Compartment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1627. [PMID: 32849551 PMCID: PMC7411349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in the adaptive immune response due to their ability to present antigens and stimulate naïve T cells. Many bacteria and viruses can efficiently target DC, resulting in impairment of their immunostimulatory function or elimination. Hence, the DC compartment requires replenishment following infection to ensure continued operational readiness of the adaptive immune system. Here, we investigated the molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammation-induced DC generation. We found that infection with viral and bacterial pathogens as well as Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) ligation with CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) expanded an erythropoietin (EPO)-dependent TER119+CD11a+ cell population in the spleen that had the capacity to differentiate into TER119+CD11chigh and TER119-CD11chigh cells both in vitro and in vivo. TER119+CD11chigh cells contributed to the conventional DC pool in the spleen and specifically increased in lymph nodes draining the site of local inflammation. Our results reveal a so far undescribed inflammatory EPO-dependent pathway of DC differentiation and establish a mechanistic link between innate immune recognition of potential immunosuppressive pathogens and the maintenance of the DC pool during and after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Einwächter
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Heiseke
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Georg Gasteiger
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Adler
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany.,German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus G Manz
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zsolt Ruzsics
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lars Dölken
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich H Koszinowski
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medicine Mainz, Johannes-Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Jordan
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Globig AM, Sommer NP, Wild K, Schardey J, Zoldan K, Thomann AK, Schulte LA, Schreiner R, Reindl W, Klaus J, Schempp CM, Hofmann M, Thimme R, Boettler T, Hasselblatt P. Ustekinumab Inhibits T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation in Patients With Crohn's Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:1-12. [PMID: 32679193 PMCID: PMC7593584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis) involves dysregulated TH1 and TH17 cell responses, which can be targeted therapeutically by the monoclonal antibody Ustekinumab directed against the joint p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23. These cytokines may also regulate the differentiation of T follicular helper (TFH) cells, which promote B cell function in germinal centers. However, the role of TFH cells in CD pathogenesis and impact of Ustekinumab therapy on TFH cell fate in patients are poorly defined. METHODS Lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood (n=45) and intestinal biopsies (n=15) of CD patients or healthy controls (n=21) and analyzed by flow cytometry to assess TFH cell phenotypes and functions ex vivo. In addition, TFH cell differentiation was analyzed in the presence of Ustekinumab in vitro. RESULTS TFH cell frequencies in the intestine as well as peripheral blood were associated with endoscopic as well as biochemical evidence of CD activity. CD patients with clinical response to Ustekinumab, but not those with response to anti-TNF antibodies, displayed reduced frequencies of circulating TFH cells in a concentration-dependent manner while the TFH phenotype was not affected by Ustekinumab therapy. In keeping with this notion, TFH cell differentiation was inhibited by Ustekinumab in vitro while TFH cell maintenance was not affected. Moreover, Ustekinumab therapy resulted in reduced germinal center activity in CD patients in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These data implicate TFH cells in the pathogenesis of CD and indicate that Ustekinumab therapy affects TFH cell differentiation, which may influence TFH-mediated immune functions in UST-treated CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Globig
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikola Patricia Sommer
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Wild
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Josefine Schardey
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Zoldan
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Kerstin Thomann
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Rupert Schreiner
- Medical Care Center Dr. Limbach and Colleagues, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Klaus
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Mathis Schempp
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Boettler
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hasselblatt
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Correspondence Address requests for correspondence to: Peter Hasselblatt, MD, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. fax: ++49 761 270 33530.
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Hoffmann P, Globig AM, Thomann AK, Grigorian M, Krisam J, Hasselblatt P, Reindl W, Gauss A. Tofacitinib in Treatment-Refractory Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis: Real-World Experience from a Retrospective Multicenter Observational Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072177. [PMID: 32664204 PMCID: PMC7408885 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Tofacitinib is approved in Europe for the treatment of adults with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis since 2018. Real-world efficacy and safety data are currently scarce. (2) Methods: We performed a retrospective multicenter study at three German tertiary outpatient clinics for inflammatory bowel diseases and included all patients who started tofacitinib therapy between August 2018 and March 2020. The primary endpoint was a combined endpoint of steroid-free clinical remission, steroid-free clinical response, or clinical response at week 8. Secondary endpoints were biochemical response at week 8, as well as steroid-free clinical remission, steroid-free clinical response or clinical response at week 24, respectively, adverse events by week 24, and need for colectomy by the end of follow-up. (3) Results: Thirty-eight patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis were included. Eleven patients (28.9%) achieved steroid-free clinical remission at week 8. Fifty-three percent of the patients were primary non-responders at week 8. Three severe adverse events (pneumonia, hospitalization for aggravation of ulcerative colitis, emergency colectomy due to colon perforation), and 12 adverse events were documented by week 8 of therapy. By the end of follow-up, seven patients (18.4%) had undergone colectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hoffmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49(0)-62215636422; Fax: +49(0)-6221565255
| | - Anna-Maria Globig
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (A.-M.G.); (M.G.); (P.H.)
| | - Anne K. Thomann
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.K.T.); (W.R.)
| | - Maximilian Grigorian
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (A.-M.G.); (M.G.); (P.H.)
| | - Johannes Krisam
- Department of Medical Biometry, Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 130.3, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Peter Hasselblatt
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (A.-M.G.); (M.G.); (P.H.)
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.K.T.); (W.R.)
| | - Annika Gauss
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
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Thomann AK, Mak JWY, Zhang JW, Wuestenberg T, Ebert MP, Sung JJY, Bernstein ÇN, Reindl W, Ng SC. Review article: bugs, inflammation and mood-a microbiota-based approach to psychiatric symptoms in inflammatory bowel diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 52:247-266. [PMID: 32525605 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric co-morbidities including depression and anxiety are common in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Emerging evidence suggests that interactions between the gut microbiota and brain may play a role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric symptoms in IBD. AIM To review the literature on microbiota-brain-gut interactions in gut inflammation, psychosocial stress and mental disorders and to discuss the putative mediating role of gut microbiota in the development of psychiatric symptoms or co-morbidities in IBD. METHODS A literature search was conducted on Ovid and Pubmed to select relevant animal and human studies reporting an association between IBD, mental disorders and gut microbiota. RESULTS Gut microbial alterations are frequently reported in subjects with IBD and with mental disorders. Both have been associated with reduced faecal bacterial diversity, decreased taxa within the phylum Firmicutes and increased Gammaproteobacteria. In animal studies, microbial perturbations induce behavioural changes and modulate inflammation in mice. Anxiety- and depression-like behaviours in animals can be transferred via faecal microbiota. In humans, modulation of the gut microbiota with probiotics is associated with behavioural and mood changes. Recent data show correlations in changes of faecal and mucosal microbiota and psychological distress in patients with IBD independent of disease activity. CONCLUSION Both IBD and mental disorders are associated with gut microbial alterations. Preclinical and preliminary human studies have shown a mediating role of the gut microbiota in intestinal inflammation and anxiety, depression and stress. Targeting the gut microbiota may represent a useful therapeutic approach for the treatment of psychiatric co-morbidities in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Thomann
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joyce W Y Mak
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Wan Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Torsten Wuestenberg
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias P Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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21
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Gruber L, Jiménez-Franco LD, Decristoforo C, Uprimny C, Glatting G, Hohenberger P, Schoenberg SO, Reindl W, Orlandi F, Mariani M, Jaschke W, Virgolini I. MITIGATE-NeoBOMB1, a Phase I/IIa Study to Evaluate Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Imaging of 68Ga-NeoBOMB1, a Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonist, in GIST Patients. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:1749-1755. [PMID: 32332143 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.238808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) are potential molecular imaging targets in a variety of tumors. Recently, a 68Ga-labeled antagonist to GRPRs, NeoBOMB1, was developed for PET. We report on the outcome of a phase I/IIa clinical trial (EudraCT 2016-002053-38) within the EU-FP7 project Closed-loop Molecular Environment for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ('MITIGATE') (grant agreement no. 602306) in patients with oligometastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Methods: The main objectives were evaluation of safety, biodistribution, dosimetry, and preliminary tumor targeting of 68Ga-NeoBOMB1 in patients with advanced tyrosine-kinase inhibitors-treated GIST using PET/CT. Six patients with histologically confirmed GIST and unresectable primary lesion or metastases undergoing an extended protocol for detailed pharmacokinetic analysis were included. 68Ga-NeoBOMB1 was prepared using a kit procedure with a licensed 68Ge/68Ga generator. 68Ga-NeoBOMB1 (3 MBq/kg of body weight) was injected intravenously, and safety parameters were assessed. PET/CT included dynamic imaging at 5, 11, and 19 min as well as static imaging at 1, 2, and 3-4 h after injection for dosimetry calculations. Venous blood samples and urine were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. Tumor targeting was assessed on a per-lesion and per-patient basis. Results: 68Ga-NeoBOMB1 (50 μg) was prepared with high radiochemical purity (yield > 97%). Patients received 174 ± 28 MBq of the radiotracer, which was well tolerated in all patients over a follow-up period of 4 wk. Dosimetry calculations revealed a mean effective dose of 0.029 ± 0.06 mSv/MBq, with the highest organ dose to the pancreas (0.274 ± 0.099 mSv/MBq). Mean plasma half-life was 27.3 min with primarily renal clearance (mean 25.7% ± 5.4% of injected dose 4 h after injection). Plasma metabolite analyses revealed high stability; metabolites were detected only in the urine. In 3 patients, a significant uptake with increasing maximum SUVs (SUVmax at 2 h after injection: 4.3-25.9) over time was found in tumor lesions. Conclusion: This phase I/IIa study provides safety data for 68Ga-NeoBOMB1, a promising radiopharmaceutical for targeting GRPR-expressing tumors. Safety profiles and pharmacokinetics are suitable for PET imaging, and absorbed dose estimates are comparable to those of other 68Ga-labeled radiopharmaceuticals used in clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Gruber
- Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luis David Jiménez-Franco
- Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Uprimny
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Glatting
- Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Hohenberger
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Thoracic Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan O Schoenberg
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Klinikum Mannheim II, Medizinische Klinik, Mannheim, Germany; and
| | - Francesca Orlandi
- Advanced Accelerator Applications, a Novartis Company, Colleretto Giacosa TO, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mariani
- Advanced Accelerator Applications, a Novartis Company, Colleretto Giacosa TO, Italy
| | - Werner Jaschke
- Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Irene Virgolini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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22
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Thomann AK, Schulte LA, Globig AM, Hoffmann P, Klag T, Itzel T, Teufel A, Schreiner R, Scheffe N, Ebert MP, Wehkamp J, Gauss A, Hasselblatt P, Klaus J, Reindl W. Ustekinumab serum concentrations are associated with clinical outcomes in Crohn's disease - a regional multi-center pilot study. Z Gastroenterol 2020; 58:439-444. [PMID: 32045954 DOI: 10.1055/a-1088-1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The role of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in ustekinumab (UST) therapy for Crohn's disease (CD) has not been established, as only few studies have analyzed the relationship between UST serum concentrations and clinical outcome. In this pilot study, we retrospectively examined the potential of UST-concentrations (cUST) 8 weeks after induction (cUSTw8) to predict clinical response at week 16. METHODS Serum samples and clinical data from patients (n = 72) with moderate to severely active CD who received intravenous induction with UST were retrospectively analyzed. cUST were quantitated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS). A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under ROC curve (AUROC) was computed to analyze the predictive potential of cUSTw8 for clinical response at week 16 and to determine the minimal therapeutic UST trough concentration. RESULTS Forty-four patients (61 %) achieved clinical response to UST therapy at week 16. cUSTw8 was moderately effective to predict clinical response with a minimal therapeutic cUSTw8 of 2.0 mg/l (AUC 0.72, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Trough concentrations of UST 8 weeks after induction predict clinical response to therapy in week 16 with moderate sensitivity and specificity. TDM using LC-MSMS could prove beneficial in personalized UST therapy of patients with CD by identifying individuals with subtherapeutic concentrations who might benefit from dose escalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kerstin Thomann
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Anna-Maria Globig
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Klag
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Timo Itzel
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Teufel
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rupert Schreiner
- Medical Care Center Dr. Limbach and Colleagues, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Scheffe
- Medical Care Center Dr. Limbach and Colleagues, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Philip Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jan Wehkamp
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Gauss
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Hasselblatt
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Klaus
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Reindl W, Thomann AK, Galata C, Kienle P. Reducing Perioperative Risks of Surgery in Crohn's Disease. Visc Med 2019; 35:348-354. [PMID: 31934582 PMCID: PMC6944936 DOI: 10.1159/000504030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately one-third of all patients suffering from Crohn's disease (CD) undergo surgery within the first 10 years after diagnosis and another 20% will have a second operation in the 10 years after their first operation. Surgery will remain an essential part of managing CD and therefore it is crucial to prevent perioperative complications by optimizing perioperative management. METHODS We reviewed the current literature on managing immunomodulating therapy, nutritional support, and thromboembolic prophylaxis in the perioperative situation. RESULTS CD patients with serious nutritional deficits (weight loss >10% in the last 3-6 months, body mass index <18.5 kg/m2, or albumin levels <30 g/L) benefit from intensive enteral or parenteral nutritional support, thereby reducing the risk of surgical-site infections and post-operative septic complications. Immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone doses >20 mg should be avoided. The risk of therapy with anti-TNFα agents, vedolizumab, and ustekinumab for surgical complications has not been fully established. Analysis of currently available data suggests that an interval of 4-8 weeks is prudent to avoid complications and reduce risk by performing protective ostomy in the emergency setting. Finally, due to the high risk of venous thromboembolism, prophylactic therapy with heparin is recommended. CONCLUSION As most cases of CD-related surgery are performed in a non-emergency setting, careful planning and risk management can reduce the rate of surgical complications, increase quality of life, and also reduce costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Reindl
- II Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Kerstin Thomann
- II Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Galata
- Chirurgische Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Kienle
- Abteilung für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Theresienkrankenhaus und St. Hedwig-Klinik GmbH Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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24
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Reindl W, Kroesen AJ. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Visc Med 2019; 35:331. [PMID: 31934578 PMCID: PMC6944929 DOI: 10.1159/000504149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Reindl
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anton J. Kroesen
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Unfallchirurgie, Krankenhaus Porz am Rhein, Cologne, Germany
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25
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Aden K, Reindl W. The Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications. Visc Med 2019; 35:332-337. [PMID: 31934579 PMCID: PMC6944918 DOI: 10.1159/000504148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is rising worldwide, and the interaction between the mucosal immune system and the intestinal microbiota is crucial for the understanding of these diseases. Due to new technologies, the data published on the intestinal microbiota has increased rapidly in the recent years. While many findings are descriptive, reporting associations between disease and microbial populations, recent advancement in technology made it possible to ask and answer more functional questions and to elucidate complex interactions between the intestinal microbiota and the mucosal immune system. In addition, first trials influenced the intestinal microbiota with the intention to treat IBD. This review summarizes aspects of the physiological function as well as the inflammation-induced changes of the gut microbiota and the association between the gut microbiota and pathogenesis in IBD. In addition, diagnostic and therapeutic options for treating IBD are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Aden
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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26
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Simon RP, Winter M, Kleiner C, Ries R, Schnapp G, Heimann A, Li J, Zuvela-Jelaska L, Bretschneider T, Luippold AH, Reindl W, Bischoff D, Büttner FH. MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry-Based High-Throughput Screening for Inhibitors of the Cytosolic DNA Sensor cGAS. SLAS DISCOVERY: Advancing the Science of Drug Discovery 2019; 25:372-383. [DOI: 10.1177/2472555219880185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive and unbiased detection methods are a prerequisite for high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns within drug discovery research. Label-free matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) has been introduced as an HTS-compatible readout for biochemical test systems to support the drug discovery process. So far, reported HTS applications were based on surface-modified systems or proof-of-concept studies. We present the utilization of a MALDI-TOF-based screening platform to identify inhibitors of human cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), a mediator of innate immune response whose aberration has been causally correlated to a number of inflammatory disorders. In this context, the development and validation of a MALDI-TOF-based activity assay is reported to demonstrate fast, robust, and accurate detection of chemical cGAS inhibition by direct quantification of the physiological reaction product cyclic GMP-ATP (cGAMP). Results from a screen of a diverse library of more than 1 million small molecules in 1536-well format against the catalytic cGAS activity are presented with excellent assay performance and data quality. Identified hits were qualified in dose–response experiments and confirmed by RapidFire-MS measurements. Conclusively, the presented data provide the first proof of applicability of direct automated MALDI-TOF MS as a readout strategy for large-scale drug discovery HTS campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman P. Simon
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Carola Kleiner
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Robert Ries
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Gisela Schnapp
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Annekatrin Heimann
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Immunology & Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Ljiljana Zuvela-Jelaska
- Immunology & Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Tom Bretschneider
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Luippold
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Daniel Bischoff
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Frank H. Büttner
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
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Markota A, Metzger R, Heiseke AF, Jandl L, Dursun E, Eisenächer K, Reindl W, Haller D, Krug AB. Comparison of iron-reduced and iron-supplemented semisynthetic diets in T cell transfer colitis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218332. [PMID: 31276514 PMCID: PMC6611680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations in inflammatory bowel disease patients and experimental studies in rodents suggest that iron in the intestinal lumen derived from iron-rich food or oral iron supplementation could exacerbate inflammation and that iron depletion from the diet could be protective. To test the hypothesis that dietary iron reduction is protective against colitis development, the impact of iron reduction in the diet below 10 mg/kg on the course of CD4+ CD62L+ T cell transfer colitis was investigated in adult C57BL/6 mice. Weight loss as well as clinical and histological signs of inflammation were comparable between mice pretreated with semisynthetic diets with either < 10mg/kg iron content or supplemented with 180 mg/kg iron in the form of ferrous sulfate or hemin. Accumulation and activation of Ly6Chigh monocytes, changes in dendritic cell subset composition and induction of proinflammatory Th1/Th17 cells in the inflamed colon were not affected by the iron content of the diets. Thus, dietary iron reduction did not protect adult mice against severe intestinal inflammation in T cell transfer induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Markota
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rebecca Metzger
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alexander F. Heiseke
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lisa Jandl
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ezgi Dursun
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Katharina Eisenächer
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Klinikum Mannheim, II. Medizinische Klinik, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair for Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Anne B. Krug
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- * E-mail:
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28
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Thomann AK, Reindl W, Wüstenberg T, Kmuche D, Ebert MP, Szabo K, Wolf RC, Hirjak D, Niesler B, Griebe M, Thomann PA. Aberrant brain structural large-scale connectome in Crohn's disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13593. [PMID: 30983094 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbed brain-gut interactions and a bidirectional relationship between inflammation and psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety and depression are being discussed in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Alterations of brain structure and function in IBD have been reported with heterogeneous results. Whether these changes reflect independent localized deficits or rather a systematic disruption in the anatomical organization of large-scale brain networks remains unclear. The present study investigated the gray matter structural connectome in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS Sixty participants (30 with quiescent CD and 30 matched healthy controls [HC]) underwent high-resolution brain MRI at 3 Tesla. Well-established graph theoretical metrics were analyzed at the global and regional network level and compared between groups. KEY RESULTS The networks in both groups followed a small-world organization, that is, an architecture that is simultaneously highly segregated and integrated. However, transitivity, a measure of global network segregation, was significantly reduced in patients (P = 0.003). Regionally, patients showed a reduction of nodal betweenness centrality in the right insula and cuneus and the left superior frontal cortex and reduced nodal degree within the left-hemispheric cingulate and the left lateral and right medial orbitofrontal cortex. CONCLUSION AND INFERENCES These findings lend support to the hypothesis that CD is accompanied by alterations in both global network organization and regional connectivity. A deeper understanding of neural central networks in IBD may facilitate the development of complementary strategies in the treatment of "extraintestinal" comorbid conditions such as depression or anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Thomann
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Torsten Wüstenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagny Kmuche
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias P Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kristina Szabo
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robert Christian Wolf
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Griebe
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp A Thomann
- Center for Mental Health, Odenwald District Healthcare Centre, Erbach, Germany
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Reindl W, Baldo B, Schulz J, Janack I, Lindner I, Kleinschmidt M, Sedaghat Y, Thiede C, Tillack K, Schmidt C, Cardaun I, Schwagarus T, Herrmann F, Hotze M, Osborne GF, Herrmann S, Weiss A, Zerbinatti C, Bates GP, Bard J, Munoz-Sanjuan I, Macdonald D. Meso scale discovery-based assays for the detection of aggregated huntingtin. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213521. [PMID: 30913220 PMCID: PMC6435127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a monogenic neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat domain in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, leading to an expanded poly-glutamine (polyQ) stretch in the HTT protein. This mutant HTT (mHTT) protein is highly prone to intracellular aggregation, causing significant damage and cellular loss in the striatal, cortical, and other regions of the brain. Therefore, modulation of mHTT levels in these brain regions in order to reduce intracellular mHTT and aggregate levels represents a direct approach in the development of HD therapeutics. To this end, assays that can be used to detect changes in HTT levels in biological samples are invaluable tools to assess target engagement and guide dose selection in clinical trials. The Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) ELISA-based assay platform is a robust and sensitive method previously employed for the quantification of HTT. However, the currently available MSD assays for HTT are primarily detecting the monomeric soluble form of the protein, but not aggregated species. In this study, we describe the development of novel MSD assays preferentially detecting mHTT in an aggregated form. Recombinant monomeric HTT(1-97)-Q46, which forms aggregates in a time-dependent manner, was used to characterize the ability of each established assay to distinguish between HTT monomers and HTT in a higher assembly state. Further validation of these assays was performed using brain lysates from R6/2, zQ175 knock-in, and BACHD mouse models, to replicate a previously well-characterized age-dependent increase in brain aggregate signals, as well as a significant reduction of aggregate levels in the striatum following mHTT knockdown with a CAG-directed allele-specific zinc-finger repressor protein (ZFP). Lastly, size exclusion chromatography was used to separate and characterize HTT species from brain tissue lysates to demonstrate specificity of the assays for the fractions containing aggregated HTT. In summary, we demonstrate that the newly developed assays preferentially detect aggregated HTT with improved performance in comparison to previous assay technologies. These assays complement the existing MSD platform assays specific for soluble HTT monomers, allowing for a more comprehensive analysis of disease-relevant HTT species in preclinical models of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Georgina F. Osborne
- Dept. Neurodegenerative Disease, Huntington’s Disease Centre and Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Gillian P. Bates
- Dept. Neurodegenerative Disease, Huntington’s Disease Centre and Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Bard
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Douglas Macdonald
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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30
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Huber W, Mayr U, Umgelter A, Franzen M, Reindl W, Schmid RM, Eckel F. Mandatory criteria for the application of variability-based parameters of fluid responsiveness: a prospective study in different groups of ICU patients. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:515-524. [PMID: 29971990 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Stroke volume variation (SVV) has high sensitivity and specificity in predicting fluid responsiveness. However, sinus rhythm (SR) and controlled mechanical ventilation (CV) are mandatory for their application. Several studies suggest a limited applicability of SVV in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. We hypothesized that the applicability of SVV might be different over time and within certain subgroups of ICU patients. Therefore, we analysed the prevalence of SR and CV in ICU patients during the first 24 h of PiCCO-monitoring (primary endpoint) and during the total ICU stay. We also investigated the applicability of SVV in the subgroups of patients with sepsis, cirrhosis, and acute pancreatitis. METHODS The prevalence of SR and CV was documented immediately before 1241 thermodilution measurements in 88 patients. RESULTS In all measurements, SVV was applicable in about 24%. However, the applicability of SVV was time-dependent: the prevalence of both SR and CV was higher during the first 24 h compared to measurements thereafter (36.1% vs. 21.9%; P<0.001). Within different subgroups, the applicability during the first 24 h of monitoring ranged between 0% in acute pancreatitis, 25.5% in liver failure, and 48.9% in patients without pancreatitis, liver failure, pneumonia or sepsis. CONCLUSIONS The applicability of SVV in a predominantly medical ICU is only about 25%-35%. The prevalence of both mandatory criteria decreases over time during the ICU stay. Furthermore, the applicability is particularly low in patients with acute pancreatitis and liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Huber
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, D-81675 München, Germany
| | - Uli Mayr
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, D-81675 München, Germany
| | - Andreas Umgelter
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, D-81675 München, Germany
| | - Michael Franzen
- Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin I, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Universitätsklinikum Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, D-81675 München, Germany
| | - Florian Eckel
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, RoMed Klinik Bad Aibling, Harthauser Straße 16, D-83043 Bad Aibling, Germany
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31
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Safi W, Elnegouly M, Schellnegger R, Umgelter K, Geisler F, Reindl W, Saugel B, Hapfelmeier A, Umgelter A. Infection and Predictors of Outcome of Cirrhotic Patients after Emergency Care Hospital Admission. Ann Hepatol 2018; 17:948-958. [PMID: 30600289 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS We aimed to explore the impact of infection diagnosed upon admission and of other clinical baseline parameters on mortality of cirrhotic patients with emergency admissions. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a prospective observational monocentric study in a tertiary care center. The association of clinical parameters and established scoring systems with short-term mortality up to 90 days was assessed by univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis. Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) was used for automated variable selection. Statistical interaction effects with infection were also taken into account. RESULTS 218 patients were included. 71.2% were male, mean age was 61.1 ± 10.5 years. Mean MELD score was 16.2 ± 6.5, CLIF-consortium Acute on Chronic Liver Failure-score was 34 ± 11. At 28, 90 and 365 days, 9.6%, 26.0% and 40.6% of patients had died, respectively. In multivariable analysis, respiratory organ failure [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.15], albumin substitution (HR = 2.48), non-HCC-malignancy (HR = 4.93), CLIF-C-ACLF (HR = 1.10), HCC (HR = 3.70) and first episode of ascites (HR = 0.11) were significantly associated with 90-day mortality. Patients with infection had a significantly higher 90-day mortality (36.3 vs. 20.1%, p = 0.007). Cultures were positive in 32 patients with resistance to cephalosporins or quinolones in 10, to ampicillin/sulbactam in 14 and carbapenems in 6 patients. CONCLUSION Infection is common in cirrhotic ED admissions and increases mortality. The proportion of resistant microorganisms is high. The predictive capacity of established scoring systems in this setting was low to moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajima Safi
- 4th Medical Department, Klinikum Süd, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Mayada Elnegouly
- 2nd Medical Department, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Umgelter
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany, Klinik für operative Intensivmedizin, Vivantes Humboldt Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Geisler
- 2nd Medical Department, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- 2nd Medical Department, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernd Saugel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Hapfelmeier
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Andreas Umgelter
- 2nd Medical Department, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Germany
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32
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Schneider A, Hirth M, Weiss C, Weidner P, Antoni C, Thomann A, Reindl W, Ebert MP, Pfützer RH. Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in alcoholic, non-alcoholic and autoimmune pancreatitis. Z Gastroenterol 2018; 56:469-478. [PMID: 29734447 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-123881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) frequently reveal features of pancreatic inflammation. However, the prevalence of IBD in patients with alcoholic pancreatitis (AP) and nonalcoholic pancreatitis (NAP) has not yet been determined, and the prevalence of IBD in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis (AiP) from Germany is unknown. AIMS Thus, we aimed, first, to determine the prevalence of IBD in AP, NAP, and AiP from a tertiary center in Germany and, second, to characterize patients with AiP and IBD. METHODS We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of IBD in patients with different forms of pancreatitis presenting to our clinic. RESULTS Compared to the general population and to a control group with viral hepatitis from our clinic, we observed the most significant increase of IBD in patients with AiP (n = 3/28; p < 0.0001 vs. general population, binomial proportion test; p = 0.0112 vs. hepatitis group, Fisher's exact test), followed by a significant increase in subjects with NAP (n = 11/278; p < 0.0001 vs. general population, binomial proportion test; p = 0.0338 vs. hepatitis group, Fisher's exact test). A review of previous studies on the prevalence of IBD among patients with AiP revealed a combined prevalence of 12 % (n = 43/355). Type 2 AiP is significantly more often associated with IBD than type 1 AiP (n = 28/48, 58 % vs. n = 7/129, 5 %; combined patient cohort, p < 10E - 12; Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSIONS Immune-mediated mechanisms related to IBD may participate in the development of AiP, especially AiP type 2, and may also increase the risk for the development of other forms of pancreatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schneider
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Hirth
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christel Weiss
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philip Weidner
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Antoni
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Thomann
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias P Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roland H Pfützer
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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33
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Gutting T, Weber CA, Weidner P, Herweck F, Henn S, Friedrich T, Yin S, Kzhyshkowska J, Gaiser T, Janssen KP, Reindl W, Ebert MPA, Burgermeister E. PPARγ-activation increases intestinal M1 macrophages and mitigates formation of serrated adenomas in mutant KRAS mice. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1423168. [PMID: 29721374 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1423168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify novel hubs for cancer immunotherapy, we generated C57BL/6J mice with concomitant deletion of the drugable transcription factor PPARγ and transgenic overexpression of the mutant KRASG12V oncogene in enterocytes. Animals developed epithelial hyperplasia, transmural inflammation and serrated adenomas in the small intestine with infiltration of CD3+ FOXP3+ T-cells and macrophages into the lamina propria of the non-malignant mucosa. Within serrated polyps, CD3+ CD8+ T-cells and phosphorylated ERK1/2 were reduced and the senescence marker P21 and macrophage counts up-regulated, indicative of an immunosuppressive tissue microenvironment. Treatment of mutant KRASG12V mice with the PPARγ-agonist rosiglitazone augmented M1 macrophage numbers, reduced IL4 expression and diminished polyp load in mice. Rosiglitazone also promoted M1 polarisation of human THP1-derived macrophages and decreased Il4 mRNA in isolated murine lymphocytes. Thus, inhibition of the oncogenic driver mutant RAS by PPARγ in epithelial and immune cell compartments may be a future target for the prevention or treatment of human malignancies associated with intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gutting
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian A Weber
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philip Weidner
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank Herweck
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Henn
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Teresa Friedrich
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shuiping Yin
- Dept. of Innate Immunity and Tolerance, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Dept. of Innate Immunity and Tolerance, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Timo Gaiser
- Dept. of Pathology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Dept. of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias P A Ebert
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elke Burgermeister
- Dept. of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Thomann AK, Griebe M, Thomann PA, Hirjak D, Ebert MP, Szabo K, Reindl W, Wolf RC. Intrinsic neural network dysfunction in quiescent Crohn's Disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11579. [PMID: 28912568 PMCID: PMC5599642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological factors and comorbidities play an important role in inflammatory bowel diseases. Such comorbidity could be associated with a specific neural phenotype. Brain regions associated with emotion regulation and self-referential processing, including areas assigned to the “default mode network” (DMN), could be promising candidates in this regard. We investigated the functional integrity of multiple intrinsic neural networks in remitted patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and sought to establish relationships between neural network connectivity and psychiatric symptoms. Fifteen CD patients in remission and 14 controls were investigated. We employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 Tesla followed by a spatial Independent Component Analysis for fMRI data. Abnormal connectivity in CD patients was observed in DMN subsystems only (p < 0.05, cluster-corrected). Increased connectivity was found in the anterior cingulate and left superior medial frontal gyrus (aDMN) and the middle cingulate cortex (pDMN). Middle cingulate activity showed a significant association with anxiety scores in patients (p = 0.029). This study provides first evidence of selectively disrupted intrinsic neural network connectivity in CD and suggests abnormalities of self-referential neural networks. An increased sensitivity to self-related affective and somatic states in CD patients could account for these findings and explain a higher risk for anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Thomann
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Martin Griebe
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp A Thomann
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Mental Health, Odenwald District Healthcare Center, 64711, Erbach, Germany
| | - Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias P Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kristina Szabo
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robert C Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
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35
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Siegmund B, Atreya R, Bokemeyer B, Kruis W, Mudter J, Sander C, Schreiber S, Reindl W, Zeissig S, Kucharzik T. [Biosimilars in inflammatory bowel disease]. Z Gastroenterol 2016; 54:1217-1222. [PMID: 27711946 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-117648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
After the expiry date of the patent protection for Infliximab in 2013, the biosimilar CT‑P13 was approved for indications in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in adults as well as in children. The approval has been based on two randomized clinical studies indicating equivalence for the biosimilar with regard to pharmacokinetics, efficacy, as well as side-effects. The clinical experience since, in addition to multiple non-randomized studies, indicate a comparable efficacy and immunogenicity of the Infliximab biosimilar CT-P13 in inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, the introduction of the biosimilar as primary therapy seems to be justified. Tight monitoring of the safety of biosimilars with regard to efficacy and side effects has to be ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Siegmund
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie, Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin
| | - R Atreya
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen
| | - B Bokemeyer
- Gastroenterologische Gemeinschaftspraxis Minden, Minden
| | - W Kruis
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Pulmologie und Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Kalk, Köln
| | - J Mudter
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin und Gastroenterologie, Sana Kliniken Ostholstein, Eutin
| | | | - S Schreiber
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel
| | - W Reindl
- Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Mannheim, Mannheim
| | - S Zeissig
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden
| | - T Kucharzik
- Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin und Gastroenterologie, Klinikum Lüneburg, Lüneburg
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36
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Siegmund B, Atreya R, Bokemeyer B, Kruis W, Mudter J, Sander C, Schreiber S, Reindl W, Zeissig S, Kucharzik T. Biosimilars in der Behandlung chronisch entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen. Z Gastroenterol 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-117648 16.11.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Siegmund
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie, Rheumatologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin
| | - R. Atreya
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen
| | - B. Bokemeyer
- Gastroenterologische Gemeinschaftspraxis Minden, Minden
| | - W. Kruis
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Pulmologie und Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Kalk, Köln
| | - J. Mudter
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin und Gastroenterologie, Sana Kliniken Ostholstein, Eutin
| | | | - S. Schreiber
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel
| | - W. Reindl
- Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Mannheim, Mannheim
| | - S. Zeissig
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden
| | - T. Kucharzik
- Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin und Gastroenterologie, Klinikum Lüneburg, Lüneburg
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Sathasivam K, Paredes CG, Kuhlbrodt K, Thiede C, Reindl W, Smith EJ, Benjamin AC, Franklin SA, Whitehouse CA, Herrmann F, Tillack K, Macdonald D, Marchionini D, Bates GP. B8 Ablation of p62 modulates levels of soluble and aggregated mutant huntingtin and delays end-stage disease in R6/2 mice. J Neurol Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-314597.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Scharow A, Knappe D, Reindl W, Hoffmann R, Berg T. Development of Bifunctional Inhibitors of Polo-Like Kinase 1 with Low-Nanomolar Activities Against the Polo-Box Domain. Chembiochem 2016; 17:759-67. [PMID: 26634982 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a validated cancer target, harbors a protein-protein interaction domain referred to as the polo-box domain (PBD), in addition to its enzymatic domain. Although functional inhibition either of the enzymatic domain or of the PBD has been shown to inhibit Plk1, so far there have been no reports of bifunctional agents with the potential to target both protein domains. Here we report the development of Plk1 inhibitors that incorporate both an ATP-competitive ligand of the enzymatic domain, derived from BI 2536, and a functional inhibitor of the PBD, based either on the small molecule poloxin-2 or on a PBD-binding peptide. Although these bifunctional agents do not seem to bind both protein domains simultaneously, the most potent compound displays low-nanomolar activity against the Plk1 PBD, with excellent selectivity over the PBDs of Plk2 and Plk3. Our data provide insights into challenges and opportunities relating to the optimization of Plk1 PBD ligands as potent Plk1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Scharow
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Knappe
- Leipzig University, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
- Evotec AG, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, 22419, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Leipzig University, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Klare P, Huth R, Haller B, Huth M, Weber A, Schlag C, Reindl W, Schmid RM, von Delius S. Patient position and hypoxemia during propofol sedation for colonoscopy: a randomized trial. Endoscopy 2015; 47:1159-66. [PMID: 26126161 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1392329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the benefits of the left lateral position in avoiding hypoxemic events in patients undergoing colonoscopy. METHODS We conducted a randomized, prospective, controlled trial at two study sites in Germany. Patients undergoing colonoscopy under propofol sedation were randomized to either the supine or left lateral position. The primary outcome was oxygen desaturation (SaO2<90%). Secondary outcome measures were apneic events, hypotension, patient satisfaction, propofol dosage, cecal intubation time, and adenoma detection. RESULTS A total of 412 patients were randomized 1:1 to undergo colonoscopy in the supine or left lateral position. No severe adverse events were observed in either group. Intention-to-treat analysis revealed no significant difference in the frequency of desaturation in the left lateral arm compared with the supine arm (6.8% vs. 12.1%; P=0.064). Patients in the left lateral arm showed lower apnea rates (9.4% vs. 16.2%; P= .040), but had more episodes of hypotension (12.3% vs. 2.9%; P<0.001). The frequency of repositioning was higher in the left lateral group. No significant differences were observed in patient satisfaction and cooperation, propofol dosage, or adenoma detection rate. Patients who were repositioned to facilitate endoscope passage were excluded from per-protocol analysis. The incidence of hypoxemia was lower for the left lateral than for the supine group in per-protocol analysis (1.8% vs. 11.2%; P=0.003). CONCLUSION The positioning of patients in the left lateral position during propofol sedation for colonoscopy results in lower desaturation rates provided the position can be maintained throughout endoscopy. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02001792.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Klare
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Raffaela Huth
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institut für Medizinische Statistik und Epidemiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Huth
- RoMed Klinik Prien am Chiemsee, Chirurgische Klinik, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
| | - Andreas Weber
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Schlag
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Universitätsklinikum Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, II. Medizinische Klinik, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan von Delius
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Heiseke AF, Jeuk BH, Markota A, Straub T, Lehr HA, Reindl W, Krug AB. IRAK1 Drives Intestinal Inflammation by Promoting the Generation of Effector Th Cells with Optimal Gut-Homing Capacity. J I 2015; 195:5787-94. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Castellanos-Martín A, Castillo-Lluva S, Sáez-Freire MDM, Blanco-Gómez A, Hontecillas-Prieto L, Patino-Alonso C, Galindo-Villardon P, Pérez Del Villar L, Martín-Seisdedos C, Isidoro-Garcia M, Abad-Hernández MDM, Cruz-Hernández JJ, Rodríguez-Sánchez CA, González-Sarmiento R, Alonso-López D, De Las Rivas J, García-Cenador B, García-Criado J, Lee DY, Bowen B, Reindl W, Northen T, Mao JH, Pérez-Losada J. Unraveling heterogeneous susceptibility and the evolution of breast cancer using a systems biology approach. Genome Biol 2015; 16:40. [PMID: 25853295 PMCID: PMC4389302 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An essential question in cancer is why individuals with the same disease have different clinical outcomes. Progress toward a more personalized medicine in cancer patients requires taking into account the underlying heterogeneity at different molecular levels. Results Here, we present a model in which there are complex interactions at different cellular and systemic levels that account for the heterogeneity of susceptibility to and evolution of ERBB2-positive breast cancers. Our model is based on our analyses of a cohort of mice that are characterized by heterogeneous susceptibility to ERBB2-positive breast cancers. Our analysis reveals that there are similarities between ERBB2 tumors in humans and those of backcross mice at clinical, genomic, expression, and signaling levels. We also show that mice that have tumors with intrinsically high levels of active AKT and ERK are more resistant to tumor metastasis. Our findings suggest for the first time that a site-specific phosphorylation at the serine 473 residue of AKT1 modifies the capacity for tumors to disseminate. Finally, we present two predictive models that can explain the heterogeneous behavior of the disease in the mouse population when we consider simultaneously certain genetic markers, liver cell signaling and serum biomarkers that are identified before the onset of the disease. Conclusions Considering simultaneously tumor pathophenotypes and several molecular levels, we show the heterogeneous behavior of ERBB2-positive breast cancer in terms of disease progression. This and similar studies should help to better understand disease variability in patient populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0599-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Toledo-Sherman LM, Prime ME, Mrzljak L, Beconi MG, Beresford A, Brookfield FA, Brown CJ, Cardaun I, Courtney SM, Dijkman U, Hamelin-Flegg E, Johnson PD, Kempf V, Lyons K, Matthews K, Mitchell WL, O'Connell C, Pena P, Powell K, Rassoulpour A, Reed L, Reindl W, Selvaratnam S, Friley WW, Weddell DA, Went NE, Wheelan P, Winkler C, Winkler D, Wityak J, Yarnold CJ, Yates D, Munoz-Sanjuan I, Dominguez C. Development of a series of aryl pyrimidine kynurenine monooxygenase inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of Huntington's disease. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1159-83. [PMID: 25590515 DOI: 10.1021/jm501350y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report on the development of a series of pyrimidine carboxylic acids that are potent and selective inhibitors of kynurenine monooxygenase and competitive for kynurenine. We describe the SAR for this novel series and report on their inhibition of KMO activity in biochemical and cellular assays and their selectivity against other kynurenine pathway enzymes. We describe the optimization process that led to the identification of a program lead compound with a suitable ADME/PK profile for therapeutic development. We demonstrate that systemic inhibition of KMO in vivo with this lead compound provides pharmacodynamic evidence for modulation of kynurenine pathway metabolites both in the periphery and in the central nervous system.
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Schultheiß C, Weischenberg R, Herrmann A, Haller B, Schmid RM, Reindl W, Huber W. Dose-intensified granulocyte-monocyte apheresis in therapy refractory ulcerative colitis. Artif Organs 2014; 39:187-92. [PMID: 24981894 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte-monocyte apheresis (GMA) is an emerging therapeutic option in active course of ulcerative colitis (UC). Appropriate GMA dose, including total number, frequency, and duration of the individual GMA session, is a matter of debate. It was the aim of the present study to evaluate the efficacy of a dose-intensified GMA regimen in patients with moderately to severely active UC. A prospective open-label, single-center study was performed in 10 patients with active UC (Rachmilewitz Clinical Activity Index [CAI] ≥ 8 points; Rachmilewitz Endoscopic Index ≥ 7 points). Patients had failed to improve after treatment with steroids and/or immunomodulators. GMA was performed twice weekly for 2 h to a maximum of 10 sessions. In each GMA session, the adsorber was changed after 1 h of treatment time. Four patients achieved remission with a CAI ≤ 4 points. Three patients had a response with an improvement of CAI of ≥3 points. Three patients showed no benefit from GMA. The quality of life score determined by the inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire-Deutschland increased by 26 points in median. First and second filters had similar efficiency in granulocyte and monocyte adsorption. No major adverse effects were observed. Dose-intensified GMA as reported in this study provided an encouraging short-term response rate of 70% in patients with moderately to severely active UC not responding to standard steroid or immunomodulator therapy. Although all patients relapsed not later than 16 weeks, GMA might be useful to reduce steroid and immunomodulator usage, or to delay surgery in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schultheiß
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany
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Macdonald D, Tessari MA, Boogaard I, Smith M, Pulli K, Szynol A, Albertus F, Lamers MBAC, Dijkstra S, Kordt D, Reindl W, Herrmann F, McAllister G, Fischer DF, Munoz-Sanjuan I. Quantification assays for total and polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin proteins. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96854. [PMID: 24816435 PMCID: PMC4016121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of a CAG trinucleotide repeat in the huntingtin gene, which produces huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract, is the cause of Huntington's disease (HD). Recent studies have reported that RNAi suppression of polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin (mutant HTT) in HD animal models can ameliorate disease phenotypes. A key requirement for such preclinical studies, as well as eventual clinical trials, aimed to reduce mutant HTT exposure is a robust method to measure HTT protein levels in select tissues. We have developed several sensitive and selective assays that measure either total human HTT or polyglutamine-expanded human HTT proteins on the electrochemiluminescence Meso Scale Discovery detection platform with an increased dynamic range over other methods. In addition, we have developed an assay to detect endogenous mouse and rat HTT proteins in pre-clinical models of HD to monitor effects on the wild type protein of both allele selective and non-selective interventions. We demonstrate the application of these assays to measure HTT protein in several HD in vitro cellular and in vivo animal model systems as well as in HD patient biosamples. Furthermore, we used purified recombinant HTT proteins as standards to quantitate the absolute amount of HTT protein in such biosamples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Macdonald
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Melanie Smith
- BioFocus, a Charles River company, Saffron Walden, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Sipke Dijkstra
- BioFocus, a Charles River company, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Objective To investigate the olfactory/gustatory functions of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by smell/taste tests, and to determine if disease activity or medication might influence the olfactory/gustatory functions of patients. Patients and Methods In total, 59 IBD patients (37 Crohn's disease (CD) and 22 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients) were studied using “Sniffin' sticks” and “taste strips” for olfactory and gustatory tests, respectively, and compared to healthy controls and published normative data. Results Among IBD (CD and UC) patients, the values for odor threshold, but not for odor identification or discrimination, were significantly lower than that of the normative data. Further, these patients showed lower values than the normative taste values and the control group for all tastes, except sour; 57.6% of the IBD patients were hyposmic, while 30.5% were hypogeusic. Subjective self-assessments showed that the patients were not aware of their reduced olfactory/gustatory functions. There were no relevant differences in taste and smell abilities between the CD and UC patients. Disease activity and treatment did not influence the olfactory/gustatory functions. Conclusion IBD (CD and UC) patients exhibited significant reductions in the olfactory and gustatory functions. Therefore, patients should be tested by smell/taste tests, in order to be adequately informed of their olfactory/gustatory functions and provided an understanding of how to overcome their limitations, and thus improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Steinbach
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Medizinische Klinik (Department of Gastroenterology), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institut für medizinische Biometrie und Epidemiologie (Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Schuster
- Medizinische Klinik (Department of Gastroenterology), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Wolf
- Institut für medizinische Statistik und Epidemiologie (Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Walter Hundt
- Department of Radiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Huber
- Medizinische Klinik (Department of Gastroenterology), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
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Herrlinger KR, Diculescu M, Fellermann K, Hartmann H, Howaldt S, Nikolov R, Petrov A, Reindl W, Otte JM, Stoynov S, Strauch U, Sturm A, Voiosu R, Ammendola A, Dietrich B, Hentsch B, Stange EF. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of vidofludimus in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: the ENTRANCE study. J Crohns Colitis 2013; 7:636-43. [PMID: 23078909 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vidofludimus (SC12267) is a novel oral immunomodulator inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-17 (IL17A and IL17F) and interferon-gamma. The objective of the study was to explore the efficacy, safety and tolerability of vidofludimus in steroid-dependent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS The open label uncontrolled ENTRANCE study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00820365) has been conducted at 13 study centers in Germany, Bulgaria and Romania. Thirty-four steroid-dependent patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were treated with a once daily 35mg oral dose of vidofludimus over 12weeks. Steroids were tapered during the first 8weeks followed by a steroid-free treatment period of 4weeks. Complete response was defined as steroid-free clinical remission at week 12; partial response was defined as being in remission at steroid dose equal or lower than the individual patient's threshold dose for relapse. RESULTS Of the thirty-four patients enrolled in this trial 26 were evaluable for primary efficacy assessment. After completion of the 12weeks treatment phase 8 out of 14 (57.1%) patients with CD and 6 out of 12 (50.0%) patients with UC were in steroid-free remission (complete responders). Another 4 (28.6%) patients in CD and 5 (41.7%) patients in UC were partial responders. Vidofludimus was well tolerated, no drug-related serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS This trial provides first evidence of clinical efficacy of vidofludimus in IBD. Although the safety and tolerability profile seems favorable, long-term controlled studies are needed to further investigate its potential as novel IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Herrlinger
- Robert-Bosch-Hospital Stuttgart, Gastroenterology & Endocrinology, Stuttgart, Germany.
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McAndrew RP, Park JI, Heins RA, Reindl W, Friedland GD, D'haeseleer P, Northen T, Sale KL, Simmons BA, Adams PD. From soil to structure, a novel dimeric β-glucosidase belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 3 isolated from compost using metagenomic analysis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:14985-92. [PMID: 23580647 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.458356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent metagenomic analysis sequenced a switchgrass-adapted compost community to identify enzymes from microorganisms that were specifically adapted to switchgrass under thermophilic conditions. These enzymes are being examined as part of the pretreatment process for the production of "second-generation" biofuels. Among the enzymes discovered was JMB19063, a novel three-domain β-glucosidase that belongs to the GH3 (glycoside hydrolase 3) family. Here, we report the structure of JMB19063 in complex with glucose and the catalytic variant D261N crystallized in the presence of cellopentaose. JMB19063 is first structure of a dimeric member of the GH3 family, and we demonstrate that dimerization is required for catalytic activity. Arg-587 and Phe-598 from the C-terminal domain of the opposing monomer are shown to interact with bound ligands in the D261N structure. Enzyme assays confirmed that these residues are absolutely essential for full catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P McAndrew
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, USA
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Huber W, Kranzmayr M, Schultheiss C, Reindl W, Krug A, Saugel B, Mayr U, Schmid RM. Indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate for assessment of liver function: re-evaluation of normal ranges and impact of biometric data. Crit Care 2013. [PMCID: PMC3642475 DOI: 10.1186/cc12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Modarresi A, Friedl A, Zauner B, Bauer A, Reindl W, Hatzl F. Potenzialanalyse für solarthermische Anlagen an vier Standorten der Zellstoff- und Faserindustrie. CHEM-ING-TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201250353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Umgelter A, Wagner KS, Reindl W, Luppa PB, Geisler F, Huber W, Schmid RM. Renal and circulatory effects of large volume plasma expansion in patients with hepatorenal syndrome type 1. Ann Hepatol 2012; 11:232-9. [PMID: 22345341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatorenal syndrome type I (HRS I) may be a consequence of circulatory dysfunction in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension. This uncontrolled interventional pilot study examines the hemodynamic and renal effects of large volume plasma expansion in HRS I. MATERIAL AND METHODS 14 cirrhotic patients (8 m, 6 f, age 60 (58-65) years) with HRS I received large volume plasma expansion with up to 400 mL of 20% human albumin solution per 12 over 48 h under hemodynamic monitoring by transpulmonary thermodilution. Creatinine clearances (ClCreat) were calculated for 12-h periods. Plasma expansion was withheld if criteria of volume overload [Extravascular lung Water Index (ELWI) > 9 mL/kg or Global End-Diastolic Volume Index (GEDI) > 820 mL/m(2)] were met. Paracentesis was performed according to clinical necessity and treatment continued for 48 h thereafter. Serum creatinine values were observed for 12 days. RESULTS Patients received 1.6 (1.5-2.0) g of albumin per kg bodyweight and day for 48 to 96 h. During the treatment period, GEDVI [724 (643-751) mL/m(2) vs. 565 (488-719) mL/m(2) ; p = 0.001], cardiac index (CI) [4.9 (4.1-6.15) L/min/m(2) vs. 3.9 (3.4-5.0) L /min/m(2) ; p = 0.033], urinary output [25 (17-69) mL/h vs. 17 (8-39) mL/h; p = 0.016) and ClCreat [20 (15-47) vs. 12 (6-17); p = 0.006] increased whereas systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone were significantly reduced. At 48 h there were two complete responses (serum creatinine < 133 µmol/L) and on day 12, 8 patients had a complete response. CONCLUSION HRS I may respond to large volume plasma expansion with or without paracentesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Umgelter
- II Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22 D-81675 Munich, Germany.
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