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Yano Y, Sato I, Imanishi T, Yoshida R, Matsuura T, Ueda Y, Kodama Y. Clinical Significance and Remaining Issues of Anti-HBc Antibody and HBV Core-Related Antigen. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:728. [PMID: 38611641 PMCID: PMC11011781 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antibody (anti-HBc antibody) and HBV core-related antigen (HBcrAg) are widely used as serum markers for diagnosis based on the HBV core region. This review focused on anti-HBc antibodies and HBcrAg and aimed to summarize the clinical significance of currently used assay systems and the issues involved. While anti-HBc is very significant for clinical diagnosis, the clinical significance of quantitative assay of anti-HBc antibody has been reevaluated with improvements in diagnostic performance, including its association with clinical stage and prediction of carcinogenesis and reactivation. In addition, concerning the new HBcrAg, a high-sensitivity assay method has recently been established, and its diagnostic significance, including the prediction of reactivation, is being reevaluated. On the other hand, the quantitative level of anti-HBc antibody expressed in different units among assay systems complicates the interpretation of the results. However, it is difficult to standardize assay systems as they vary in advantages, and caution is needed in interpreting the assay results. In conclusion, with the development of highly sensitive HBcrAg and anti-HBc antibody, a rapid and sensitive detection assay system has been developed and used in clinical practice. In the future, it is hoped that a global standard will be created based on the many clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Yano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (R.Y.); (T.M.); (Y.U.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (I.S.); (T.I.)
| | - Itsuko Sato
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (I.S.); (T.I.)
| | - Takamitsu Imanishi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (I.S.); (T.I.)
| | - Ryutaro Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (R.Y.); (T.M.); (Y.U.); (Y.K.)
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (R.Y.); (T.M.); (Y.U.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yoshihide Ueda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (R.Y.); (T.M.); (Y.U.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuzo Kodama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (R.Y.); (T.M.); (Y.U.); (Y.K.)
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2
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Wang M, Zhang J, Dou Y, Liang M, Xie Y, Xue P, Liu L, Li C, Wang Y, Tao F, Zhang X, Hu H, Feng K, Zhang L, Wu Z, Chen Y, Zhan P, Jia H. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Thioureidobenzamide (TBA) Derivatives as HBV Capsid Assembly Modulators. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13968-13990. [PMID: 37839070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) represent a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of HBV infection. In this study, we designed and synthesized five series of benzamide derivatives based on a multisite-binding strategy at the tolerant region and diversity modification in the solvent-exposed region. Among them, thioureidobenzamide compound 17i exhibited significantly increased anti-HBV activity in HepAD38 (EC50 = 0.012 μM) and HBV-infected HLCZ01 cells (EC50 = 0.033 μM). Moreover, 17i displayed a better inhibitory effect on the assembly of HBV capsid protein compared with NVR 3-778 and a inhibitory effect similar to the clinical drug GLS4. In addition, 17i showed moderate metabolic stability in human microsomes, had excellent oral bioavailability in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and inhibited HBV replication in the HBV carrier mice model, which could be considered as a promising candidate drug for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yutong Dou
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Dept. Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (NO. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Linyue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Chuanju Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yuanze Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Feiyan Tao
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
- The Research Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Huili Hu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
- The Research Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Kairui Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhuanchang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Dept. Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yunfu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (NO. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Haiyong Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
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3
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Rogacheva E, Kraeva L, Lukin A, Vinogradova L, Komarova K, Chudinov M, Gureev M, Chupakhin E. 5-Nitrofuran-Tagged Oxazolyl Pyrazolopiperidines: Synthesis and Activity against ESKAPE Pathogens. Molecules 2023; 28:6491. [PMID: 37764267 PMCID: PMC10537382 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of eight 5-nitrofuran-tagged oxazolyl tetrahydropyrazolopyridines (THPPs) has been prepared in six stages with excellent regioselectivity. The testing of these compounds against pathogens of the ESKAPE panel showed a good activity of lead compound 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-(5-nitro-2-furoyl)-3-(1,3-oxazol-5-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c] pyridine (13g), which is superior to nitrofurantoin. These results confirmed the benefit of combining a THPP scaffold with a nitrofuran warhead. Certain structure-activity relationships were established in the course of this study which were rationalized by the induced-fit docking experiments in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Rogacheva
- Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia; (E.R.)
| | - Lyudmila Kraeva
- Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia; (E.R.)
| | - Alexey Lukin
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Moscow 119454, Russia
| | - Lyubov Vinogradova
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Moscow 119454, Russia
| | - Kristina Komarova
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Moscow 119454, Russia
| | - Mikhail Chudinov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Moscow 119454, Russia
| | - Maxim Gureev
- Laboratory of Bio- and Chemoinformatics, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, HSE University, Saint-Petersburg 190121, Russia
| | - Evgeny Chupakhin
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236041, Russia
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4
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DeRatt LG, Stoops B, Shaffer P, Lam AM, Espiritu C, Vogel R, Lau V, Flores OA, Kuduk SD. Di-Fluoro Azepane HBV Capsid Assembly Modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023:129350. [PMID: 37247697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The protein that forms the inner shell of the HBV virus, known as the capsid core protein, plays a crucial role in allowing chronic HBV infections to persist. Studies have shown that disrupting the assembly of the capsid can effectively combat the virus, and small molecule drugs that target the HBV capsid assembly modulator (CAM) process have been successful in clinical trials. Herein is described a distinct series of di-fluoro azepane CAMs with exceptional potency, pharmacokinetic, and solubility properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey G DeRatt
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Bart Stoops
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, NV Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Paul Shaffer
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Angela M Lam
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Christine Espiritu
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Robert Vogel
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Vincent Lau
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Osvaldo A Flores
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Scott D Kuduk
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
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5
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Dimitrova YN, Gutierrez JA, Huard K. It's ok to be outnumbered - sub-stoichiometric modulation of homomeric protein complexes. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:22-46. [PMID: 36760737 PMCID: PMC9890894 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00212d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An arsenal of molecular tools with increasingly diversified mechanisms of action is being developed by the scientific community to enable biological interrogation and pharmaceutical modulation of targets and pathways of ever increasing complexity. While most small molecules interact with the target of interest in a 1 : 1 relationship, a noteworthy number of recent examples were reported to bind in a sub-stoichiometric manner to a homomeric protein complex. This approach requires molecular understanding of the physiologically relevant protein assemblies and in-depth characterization of the compound's mechanism of action. The recent literature examples summarized here were selected to illustrate methods used to identify and characterize molecules with such mechanisms. The concept of one small molecule targeting a homomeric protein assembly is not new but the subject deserves renewed inspection in light of emerging technologies and increasingly diverse target biology, to ensure relevant in vitro systems are used and valuable compounds with potentially novel sub-stoichiometric mechanisms of action aren't overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kim Huard
- Genentech 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
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6
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Wang Y, Wang S, Tao X, Wang Y, Wu Y, Chen N, Hu C, Wang H, Yu S, Sheng R. The SAR-based development of small molecular HBV capsid assembly modulators. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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7
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Kuduk SD, DeRatt LG, Stoops B, Shaffer P, Lam AM, Espiritu C, Vogel R, Lau V, Flores OA, Hartman GD. Diazepinone HBV Capsid Assembly Modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 72:128823. [PMID: 35644301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The HBV capsid core protein serves a number of important functions in the viral life cycle enabling chronic HBV infection to persist, and therefore is a promising drug target. Interfering with capsid assembly has shown efficacy in clinical trials with small molecule capsid assembly modulators (CAMs). Herein is described the further optimization of a progressive series of diazepinone HBV CAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Kuduk
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477.
| | - Lindsey G DeRatt
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Bart Stoops
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, NV Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Paul Shaffer
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Angela M Lam
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Christine Espiritu
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Robert Vogel
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Vincent Lau
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Osvaldo A Flores
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - George D Hartman
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477
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8
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Targeting the Virus Capsid as a Tool to Fight RNA Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020174. [PMID: 35215767 PMCID: PMC8879806 DOI: 10.3390/v14020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Several strategies have been developed to fight viral infections, not only in humans but also in animals and plants. Some of them are based on the development of efficient vaccines, to target the virus by developed antibodies, others focus on finding antiviral compounds with activities that inhibit selected virus replication steps. Currently, there is an increasing number of antiviral drugs on the market; however, some have unpleasant side effects, are toxic to cells, or the viruses quickly develop resistance to them. As the current situation shows, the combination of multiple antiviral strategies or the combination of the use of various compounds within one strategy is very important. The most desirable are combinations of drugs that inhibit different steps in the virus life cycle. This is an important issue especially for RNA viruses, which replicate their genomes using error-prone RNA polymerases and rapidly develop mutants resistant to applied antiviral compounds. Here, we focus on compounds targeting viral structural capsid proteins, thereby inhibiting virus assembly or disassembly, virus binding to cellular receptors, or acting by inhibiting other virus replication mechanisms. This review is an update of existing papers on a similar topic, by focusing on the most recent advances in the rapidly evolving research of compounds targeting capsid proteins of RNA viruses.
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9
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Kim H, Ko C, Lee JY, Kim M. Current Progress in the Development of Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly Modulators: Chemical Structure, Mode-of-Action and Efficacy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247420. [PMID: 34946502 PMCID: PMC8705634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major causative agent of human hepatitis. Its viral genome comprises partially double-stranded DNA, which is complexed with viral polymerase within an icosahedral capsid consisting of a dimeric core protein. Here, we describe the effects of capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) on the geometric or kinetic disruption of capsid construction and the virus life cycle. We highlight classical, early-generation CAMs such as heteroaryldihydropyrimidines, phenylpropenamides or sulfamoylbenzamides, and focus on the chemical structure and antiviral efficacy of recently identified non-classical CAMs, which consist of carboxamides, aryl ureas, bithiazoles, hydrazones, benzylpyridazinones, pyrimidines, quinolines, dyes, and antimicrobial compounds. We summarize the therapeutic efficacy of four representative classical compounds with data from clinical phase 1 studies in chronic HBV patients. Most of these compounds are in phase 2 trials, either as monotherapy or in combination with approved nucleos(t)ides drugs or other immunostimulatory molecules. As followers of the early CAMs, the therapeutic efficacy of several non-classical CAMs has been evaluated in humanized mouse models of HBV infection. It is expected that these next-generation HBV CAMs will be promising candidates for a series of extended human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kim
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (M.K.); Tel.: +82-42-860-7130 (H.K.); +82-42-860-7540 (M.K.)
| | | | | | - Meehyein Kim
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (M.K.); Tel.: +82-42-860-7130 (H.K.); +82-42-860-7540 (M.K.)
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10
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Kuduk SD, Stoops B, Lam AM, Espiritu C, Vogel R, Lau V, Klumpp K, Flores OA, Hartman GD. Oxadiazepinone HBV capsid assembly modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 52:128353. [PMID: 34492302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The HBV core protein serves multiple essential functions in the viral life cycle that enable chronic HBV infection to persist, and as such, represents a promising drug target. Modulation of the HBV capsid assembly has shown efficacy in early clinical trials through use of small molecule capsid assembly modulators (CAMs). Herein is described the evolution and SAR of a novel pyrazolo piperidine lead series into advanced oxadiazepinone HBV CAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Kuduk
- Novira Therapeutics, A Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States.
| | - Bart Stoops
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, NV Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Angela M Lam
- Novira Therapeutics, A Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - Christine Espiritu
- Novira Therapeutics, A Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - Robert Vogel
- Novira Therapeutics, A Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - Vincent Lau
- Novira Therapeutics, A Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - Klaus Klumpp
- Novira Therapeutics, A Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - Osvaldo A Flores
- Novira Therapeutics, A Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
| | - George D Hartman
- Novira Therapeutics, A Janssen Pharmaceuticals Company, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, United States
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