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Shin DE, Lee Y, An HJ, Hwang TS, Cho JW, Oh J, Ahn W, Lee J, Hong CG, Lee Y, Lee S. Trabecular structural difference between the superior and inferior regions of the vertebral body: a cadaveric and clinical study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1238654. [PMID: 37795375 PMCID: PMC10546412 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1238654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures commonly involve the superior vertebral body; however, their associated causes have not yet been clearly established. This study aimed to determine the trabecular structural differences between the superior and inferior regions of the vertebral body using cadaveric and clinical studies. Materials and methods First, five vertebrae were collected from three human cadavers. The trabecular structures of the superior and inferior regions of each vertebral body were analyzed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), finite element analysis (FEA), and biomechanical test. Based on the results of the ex vivo study, we conducted a clinical study. Second, spine CT images were retrospectively collected. Bone volume and Hounsfield unit were analyzed for 192 vertebral bodies. Finally, after sample size calculation based on the pilot study, prospectively, 200 participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the lateral spine. The bone mineral densities (BMDs) of the superior and inferior regions of each lumbar vertebral body were measured. The paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for the statistical analyses, and p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Cadaver studies revealed differences between the superior and inferior trabecular bone structures. The bone volume ratio, BMD, and various other trabecular parameters advocated for decreased strength of the superior region. Throughout the biomechanical study, the limitations of the compression force were 3.44 and 4.63 N/m2 for the superior and inferior regions, respectively. In the FEA study, the inferior region had a lower average displacement and higher von Mises stress than the superior region. In the clinical spine CT-based bone volume and BMD study, the bone volume was significantly higher in the inferior region than in the superior region. In the lateral spine DXA, the mean BMD of the superior region of vertebral bodies was significantly lower compared with that of the inferior region. Conclusion The superior trabecular structure of the lumbar vertebral bodies possesses more biomechanical susceptibility compared with the inferior trabecular structure, confirming its dominant role in causing osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Physicians should also focus on the BMD values of the superior region of the vertebral body using lateral spine DXA to evaluate osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Eun Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju An
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- SL Bio, Inc., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sun Hwang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Cho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbeom Oh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyeol Ahn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Gie Hong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kangwon National University Hospital, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonju Lee
- CHA Graduate School of Medicine, Pochon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonchul Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- SL Bio, Inc., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Moore AJ. Vertebral pneumaticity is correlated with serial variation in vertebral shape in storks. J Anat 2021; 238:615-625. [PMID: 32981054 PMCID: PMC7855073 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Birds and their ornithodiran ancestors are unique among vertebrates in exhibiting air-filled sinuses in their postcranial bones, a phenomenon called postcranial skeletal pneumaticity. The factors that account for serial and interspecific variation in postcranial skeletal pneumaticity are poorly understood, although body size, ecology, and bone biomechanics have all been implicated as influencing the extent to which pneumatizing epithelia invade the skeleton and induce bone resorption. Here, I use high-resolution computed-tomography to holistically quantify vertebral pneumaticity in members of the neognath family Ciconiidae (storks), with pneumaticity measured as the relative volume of internal air space. These data are used to describe serial variation in extent of pneumaticity and to assess whether and how pneumaticity varies with the size and shape of a vertebra. Pneumaticity increases dramatically from the middle of the neck onwards, contrary to previous predictions that cervical pneumaticity should decrease toward the thorax to maintain structural integrity as the mass and bending moments of the neck increase. Although the largest vertebrae sampled are also the most pneumatic, vertebral size cannot on its own account for serial or interspecific variation in extent of pneumaticity. Vertebral shape, as quantified by three-dimensional geometric morphometrics, is found to be significantly correlated with extent of pneumaticity, with elongate vertebrae being less pneumatic than craniocaudally short and dorsoventrally tall vertebrae. Considered together, the results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that shape- and position-specific biomechanics influence the amount of bone loss that can be safely tolerated. These results have potentially important implications for the evolution of vertebral morphology in birds and their extinct relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Moore
- Department of Biological SciencesThe George Washington UniversityWashingtonDCUSA,Department of Anatomical SciencesStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
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Lyu L, Yang S, Jing Y, Zhang C, Wang J. Examining trabecular morphology and chemical composition of peri-scaffold osseointegrated bone. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:406. [PMID: 32928246 PMCID: PMC7488860 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porous titanium alloy scaffold fabricated by 3D printing technology could induce osseointegration well to repair bone defect during early postoperative period. However, trabecular histomorphological features and chemical compositions of ingrowth bone in the long term after surgery still lacked in-depth research. Methods Fourteen New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups (7 rabbits in surgery group and 7 rabbits in control group). A 3D-printed porous titanium alloy scaffold was implanted into right femoral condyle of each rabbit in the surgery group. Preload was produced at the surface between bone tissue and scaffold through interference assembly during implantation process. Rabbits in the control group were feed free. All rabbits were sacrificed to extract femoral condyles at week 12 after surgery. All right femoral condyles were performed micro-CT scanning to test bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular histomorphological parameters, including bone volume fraction (BV/TV), bone surface/volume ratio (BS/BV), bone surface density (BS/TV), structure model index (SMI), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), porosity (PO), connectivity density (Conn.Dn), and degree of anisotropy (DA). Scanning electron microscope was used to observe osteogenesis peri-scaffold. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) scanning was performed to analyze chemical compositions of peri-scaffold trabeculae. All trabecular morphological parameters and BMDs were statistically analyzed between surgery group and control group. Results The pores of scaffold were filled with ingrowth bone tissues after 12 weeks osseointegration. However, the mean BMD peri-scaffold in surgery group was 800 ± 20 mg/cm3, which was 18.37% lower than that in the control group. There was a significant decrease in BV/TV, Tb.N, and BS/TV, and there was a significant increase in Tb.Sp and PO between the surgery group and control group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in Tb.Th, SMI, Conn.Dn, BS/BV, and DA. Although ingrowth of bone tissue was very effective, some fragmented connective tissues were still found instead of bone tissues on the partial beams of scaffolds through SEM images. It was found from FTIR that there was no significant hydroxyapatite peak signal in surgery group. Collagen in the control group mainly existed as cross-link structure, while non-cross-link structure in the surgery group. Conclusions Preload could promote the same good osseointegration ability as chemical surface modification method in the early term after surgery, and better osseointegration effect than chemical surface modification method in the mid-long term after surgery. However, histomorphological features of peri-scaffold trabeculae were still in deterioration and low collagen maturity caused by stress shielding. It was suggested from this study that extra physical training should be taken to stimulate the bone remodeling process for recovering to a healthy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Lyu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, Tianjin University of Technology, No. 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin, China
| | - Shicai Yang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, Tianjin University of Technology, No. 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin, China
| | - Chunqiu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, Tianjin University of Technology, No. 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin, China. .,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin, China.
| | - Jikun Wang
- Institute of Automatic Control and Robotics, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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Liu P, Zhou B, Chen F, Dai Z, Kang Y. Effect of Trabecular Microstructure of Spinous Process on Spinal Fusion and Clinical Outcomes After Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Bone Surface/Total Volume as Independent Favorable Indicator for Fusion Success. World Neurosurg 2019; 136:e204-e213. [PMID: 31899388 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.12.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the trabecular microarchitecture of the spinous process as an autograft and investigated its correlations with fusion success and clinical outcomes for patients undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion. METHODS Micro-computed tomography reconstruction techniques were used to scan cancellous bone specimens from spinous processes. We then measured the microarchitectural parameters for 105 subjects. RESULTS The patient cohort included 44 older men and 61 postmenopausal women with a minimum of 2-year follow-up data available. The complete fusion rate was 87.6% (92 of 105) at the last follow-up. When stratified by fusion status, the union group had significantly greater bone surface/total volume (BS/TV) and trabecular number but significantly lower trabecular separation than the nonunion group. No statistically significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in the clinical variables, except for the bone mineral density at the femoral neck (P = 0.028). On binomial logistic regression analysis, BS/TV was identified as an independent predictor for fusion success (odds ratio, 8.532; P = 0.032). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that BS/TV had excellent performance in predicting successful fusion (area under the curve, 0.807). Using a cutoff value for BS/TV of 3.145, a greater BS/TV was significantly associated with visual analog scale scores for lower back pain 6 months postoperatively and lower Oswestry disability index scores at 12 and 24 months postoperatively but not with visual analog scale scores for leg pain. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that microstructural deterioration of the spinal process as an autograft has detrimental effects on spinal fusion and clinical outcomes for patients undergoing instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Specifically, the microstructural parameter BS/TV has good potential for assessing lumbar bone quality and predicting fusion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Zhehao Dai
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Yijun Kang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, China.
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Vom Scheidt A, Grisolia Seifert EF, Pokrant C, Püschel K, Amling M, Busse B, Milovanovic P. Subregional areal bone mineral density (aBMD) is a better predictor of heterogeneity in trabecular microstructure of vertebrae in young and aged women than subregional trabecular bone score (TBS). Bone 2019; 122:156-165. [PMID: 30776500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, bone densitometry fails to identify nearly half of those elderly patients at immediate fracture risk. To improve clinical assessment of vertebral fracture risk, we aimed to determine how the DXA-based 2D parameter Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) relates to subregional variability in 3D trabecular microstructure in young and elderly women compared to aBMD. METHODS T12 vertebrae from 29 women (11 young: 32 ± 6 years, 18 aged: 71 ± 5 years) were DXA-scanned ex vivo in anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral projection providing vertebral aBMD and TBS. Additionally, aBMD and TBS were measured for three horizontal (superior, mid-horizontal, inferior) and three vertical subregions (anterior, mid-vertical, posterior) and related to 3D microstructure indices, i.e. bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular number and thickness (Tb.N, Tb.Th), based on HRpQCT. RESULTS Subregional high-resolution tomography showed significant differences in trabecular parameters for both age groups: In horizontal subregions, BV/TV was lowest superiorly, Tb.Th was highest mid-horizontally, and Tb.N was lowest mid-horizontally and highest inferiorly. Correspondingly, aBMD varied between horizontal subregions, with differences depending on projection direction. TBS varied only in lateral projections of the aged group, with lower values for the mid-horizontal subregion. In vertical subregions, BV/TV, Tb.N, and aBMD were highest posteriorly for both groups. TBS did not differ between vertical subregions. Regression analysis showed aBMD as a predictor explained more of the variance in subregional 3D microstructure compared to TBS. Stepwise multi-regression analysis revealed only three combinations of subregion, projection, and group where aBMD and TBS were both significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS Subregional aBMD reflects variations in trabecular bone microstructure better than subregional TBS for trisected regions. Specifically, lateral aBMD identifies microstructural heterogeneities independent of age and may improve prediction of vertebral strength and susceptibility to specific fracture types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Vom Scheidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Carolin Pokrant
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Püschel
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Petar Milovanovic
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Laboratory for Anthropology and Skeletal Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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6
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Lekadir K, Hoogendoorn C, Armitage P, Whitby E, King D, Dimitri P, Frangi AF. Estimation of trabecular bone parameters in children from multisequence MRI using texture-based regression. Med Phys 2017; 43:3071-3079. [PMID: 27277054 DOI: 10.1118/1.4950713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper presents a statistical approach for the prediction of trabecular bone parameters from low-resolution multisequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children, thus addressing the limitations of high-resolution modalities such as HR-pQCT, including the significant exposure of young patients to radiation and the limited applicability of such modalities to peripheral bones in vivo. METHODS A statistical predictive model is constructed from a database of MRI and HR-pQCT datasets, to relate the low-resolution MRI appearance in the cancellous bone to the trabecular parameters extracted from the high-resolution images. The description of the MRI appearance is achieved between subjects by using a collection of feature descriptors, which describe the texture properties inside the cancellous bone, and which are invariant to the geometry and size of the trabecular areas. The predictive model is built by fitting to the training data a nonlinear partial least square regression between the input MRI features and the output trabecular parameters. RESULTS Detailed validation based on a sample of 96 datasets shows correlations >0.7 between the trabecular parameters predicted from low-resolution multisequence MRI based on the proposed statistical model and the values extracted from high-resolution HRp-QCT. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results indicate the promise of the proposed predictive technique for the estimation of trabecular parameters in children from multisequence MRI, thus reducing the need for high-resolution radiation-based scans for a fragile population that is under development and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Lekadir
- Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08018, Spain
| | - Corné Hoogendoorn
- The Academic Unit of Radiology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Armitage
- The Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, United Kingdom
| | - Elspeth Whitby
- The Academic Unit of Child Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - David King
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Dimitri
- Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro F Frangi
- The Academic Unit of Radiology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom
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7
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Li F, Yang X, Bi J, Yang Z, Zhang C. Antiosteoporotic activity of Du-Zhong-Wan water extract in ovariectomized rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1857-1864. [PMID: 26760929 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1133657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Eucommiae Cortex and Radix Dipsaci, occurring in a ratio of 1:1 in Du-Zhong-Wan (DZW), a Chinese herbal medicine, is available as a water extract followed by ethanol precipitation for the treatment of osteoporosis, fractures and menopausal syndrome. Objective This study investigates the protective effects of DZW in ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss in a rat osteopenia model. Materials and methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham-operated group (SHAM) and five OVX subgroups: OVX with vehicle (OVX), 17β-estradiol (E2) and with three graded doses of DZW. Daily oral administration of the different samples started on the fifth week and lasted for 12 weeks, respectively. The body weight, uterus wet weight, serum biochemical parameters, bone mineral density (BMD), bone biomechanical properties, bone microarchitecture and immunohistochemistry were examined. Results Compared with the SHAM group, the DZW treatment significantly reversed the osteoporotic changes in OVX rats. The DZW-H group showed that serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b) levels reduced by 152.25% (p < 0.01) and osteocalein (OCN) levels dose dependently increased by 118.43% (p < 0.01) as compared with the OVX group. Compared with the OVX group, the DZW at different three dosages of DZW evidently increased the right femur BMD by 112.43, 114.56 and 116.45%, and dramatically promoted bone quality and bone strength (p < 0.05). Further, immunohistochemical evaluation also showed that DZW administration increased ER expression in uteri (p < 0.01). Conclusions DZW exhibits an anti-osteoporotic effect, probably mediated via phyto-estrogenic effects. It might be a potential herbal alternative for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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MESH Headings
- Absorptiometry, Photon
- Animals
- Biomarkers/blood
- Biomechanical Phenomena
- Bone Density/drug effects
- Bone Density Conservation Agents/pharmacology
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/blood
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/diagnostic imaging
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/physiopathology
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/prevention & control
- Bone Remodeling/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Female
- Femur/diagnostic imaging
- Femur/drug effects
- Femur/metabolism
- Femur/physiopathology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/blood
- Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/diagnostic imaging
- Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/physiopathology
- Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control
- Ovariectomy
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Estrogen/drug effects
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
- Uterus/drug effects
- Uterus/metabolism
- X-Ray Microtomography
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- b Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Biological Marine Resources Research and Development of Jiangsu Province , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Jianping Bi
- c Shandong Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Affricated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan , PR China
| | - Zhonglin Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
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Tang L, Gao X, Yang X, Liu C, Wang X, Han Y, Zhao X, Chi A, Sun L. Ladder-Climbing Training Prevents Bone Loss and Microarchitecture Deterioration in Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 98:85-93. [PMID: 26410845 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Resistance exercise has been proved to be effective in improving bone quality in both animal and human studies. However, the issue about whether resistance exercise can inhibit obesity-induced bone loss has not been previously investigated. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of ladder-climbing training, one of the resistance exercises, on bone mechanical properties and microarchitecture in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese rats. Twenty-four rats were randomly assigned to the Control, HF + sedentary (HF-S) and HF + ladder-climbing training (HF-LCT) groups. Rats in the HF-LCT group performed ladder-climbing training for 8 weeks. The results showed that ladder-climbing training significantly reduced body and fat weight, and increased muscle mass along with a trend toward enhanced muscle strength in diet-induced obese rats. MicroCT analysis demonstrated that obesity-induced bone loss and architecture deterioration were significantly mitigated by ladder-climbing training, as evidenced by increased trabecular bone mineral density, bone volume over total volume, trabecular number and thickness, and decreased trabecular separation and structure model index. However, neither HF diet nor ladder-climbing training had an impact on femoral biomechanical properties. Moreover, ladder-climbing training significantly increased serum adiponectin, decreased serum leptin, TNF-α, IL-6 levels, and downregulated myostatin (MSTN) expression in diet-induced obese rats. Taken together, ladder-climbing training prevents bone loss and microarchitecture deterioration in diet-induced obese rats through multiple mechanisms including increasing mechanical loading on bone due to improved skeletal muscle mass and strength, regulating the levels of myokines and adipokines, and suppressing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It indicates that resistance exercise may be a promising therapy for treating obesity-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiaohang Gao
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Chentao Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xudan Wang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yanqi Han
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xinjuan Zhao
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Aiping Chi
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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9
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Tang L, Yang X, Gao X, Du H, Han Y, Zhang D, Wang Z, Sun L. Inhibiting myostatin signaling prevents femoral trabecular bone loss and microarchitecture deterioration in diet-induced obese rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:308-16. [PMID: 26438721 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215606814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides resulting in a dramatic increase in skeletal muscle mass, myostatin (MSTN) deficiency has a positive effect on bone formation. However, the issue about whether blocking MSTN can inhibit obesity-induced bone loss has not been previously investigated. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of MSTN blocking on bone quality in high-fat (HF), diet-induced obese rats using a prepared polyclonal antibody for MSTN (MsAb). Twenty-four rats were randomly assigned to the Control, HF and HF + MsAb groups. Rats in the HF + MsAb group were injected once a week with purified MsAb for eight weeks. The results showed that MsAb significantly reduced body and fat weight, and increased muscle mass and strength in the HF group. MicroCT analysis demonstrated that obesity-induced bone loss and architecture deterioration were significantly mitigated by MsAb treatment, as evidenced by increased bone mineral density, bone volume over total volume, trabecular number and thickness, and decreased trabecular separation and structure model index. However, neither HF diet nor MsAb treatment had an impact on femoral biomechanical properties including maximum load, stiffness, energy absorption and elastic modulus. Moreover, MsAb significantly increased adiponectin concentrations, and decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels in diet-induced obese rats. Taken together, blocking MSTN by MsAb improves bone quality in diet-induced obese rats through a mechanotransduction pathway from skeletal muscle, and the accompanying changes occurring in the levels of circulating adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines may also be involved in this process. It indicates that the administration of MSTN antagonists may be a promising therapy for treating obesity and obesity-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiaohang Gao
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Haiping Du
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yanqi Han
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Didi Zhang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China Postdoctoral Research Station of Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Lekadir K, Noble C, Hazrati-Marangalou J, Hoogendoorn C, van Rietbergen B, Taylor ZA, Frangi AF. Patient-Specific Biomechanical Modeling of Bone Strength Using Statistically-Derived Fabric Tensors. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 44:234-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Lekadir K, Hoogendoorn C, Hazrati-Marangalou J, Taylor Z, Noble C, van Rietbergen B, Frangi AF. A Predictive Model of Vertebral Trabecular Anisotropy From Ex Vivo Micro-CT. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2015; 34:1747-1759. [PMID: 25561590 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2014.2387114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Spine-related disorders are amongst the most frequently encountered problems in clinical medicine. For several applications such as 1) to improve the assessment of the strength of the spine, as well as 2) to optimize the personalization of spinal interventions, image-based biomechanical modeling of the vertebrae is expected to play an important predictive role. However, this requires the construction of computational models that are subject-specific and comprehensive. In particular, they need to incorporate information about the vertebral anisotropic micro-architecture, which plays a central role in the biomechanical function of the vertebrae. In practice, however, accurate personalization of the vertebral trabeculae has proven to be difficult as its imaging in vivo is currently infeasible. Consequently, this paper presents a statistical approach for accurate prediction of the vertebral fabric tensors based on a training sample of ex vivo micro-CT images. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first predictive model proposed and validated for vertebral datasets. The method combines features selection and partial least squares regression in order to derive optimal latent variables for the prediction of the fabric tensors based on the more easily extracted shape and density information. Detailed validation with 20 ex vivo T12 vertebrae demonstrates the accuracy and consistency of the approach for the personalization of trabecular anisotropy.
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12
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Chen HL, Tung YT, Chuang CH, Tu MY, Tsai TC, Chang SY, Chen CM. Kefir improves bone mass and microarchitecture in an ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:589-99. [PMID: 25278298 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY Kefir treatment in ovariectomized (OVX) rats could significantly decrease the levels of bone turnover markers and prevent OVX-induced bone loss, deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture, and biomechanical dysfunction that may be due to increase intracellular calcium uptake through the TRPV6 calcium channel. INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to an increased fracture risk. The incidence of osteoporosis increases with age and occurs most frequently in postmenopausal women due to estrogen deficiency, as the balance between bone resorption and bone formation shifts towards increased levels of bone resorption. Among various methods of prevention and treatment for osteoporosis, an increase in calcium intake is the most commonly recommended preventive measure. Kefir is a fermented milk product made with kefir grains that degrade milk proteins into various peptides with health-promoting effects, including immunomodulating-, antithrombotic-, antimicrobial-, and calcium-absorption-enhancing bioactivities. METHODS The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of kefir on osteoporosis prophylaxis in an ovariectomized rat model. A total of 56 16-week-old female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 7 experimental groups: sham (normal), OVX/Mock, OVX/1X kefir (164 mg/kg BW/day), OVX/2X kefir (328 mg/kg BW/day), OVX/4X kefir (656 mg/kg BW/day), OVX/ALN (2.5 mg/kg BW/day), and OVX/REBONE (800 mg/kg BW/day). After 12-week treatment with kefir, the bone physiology in the OVX rat model was investigated. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible transport mechanism involved in calcium absorption using the Caco-2 human cell line. RESULTS A 12-week treatment with kefir on the OVX-induced osteoporosis model reduced the levels of C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTx), bone turnover markers, and trabecular separation (Tb. Sp.). Additionally, treatment with kefir increased trabecular bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th), trabecular number (Tb. N), and the biomechanical properties (hardness and modulus) of the distal femur with a dose-dependent efficacy. In addition, in in vitro assay, we found that kefir increased intracellular calcium uptake in Caco-2 cell through TRPV6 calcium channels and not through L-type voltage-operated calcium channels. CONCLUSION The protective effect of kefir in the OVX rat model may occur through increasing intracellular calcium uptake through the TRPV6 calcium channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-L Chen
- Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhwa, 515, Taiwan
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13
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Abstract
Bone fragility is a major health concern, as the increased risk of bone fractures has devastating outcomes in terms of mortality, decreased autonomy, and healthcare costs. Efforts made to address this problem have considerably increased our knowledge about the mechanisms that regulate bone formation and resorption. In particular, we now have a much better understanding of the cellular events that are triggered when bones are mechanically stimulated and how these events can lead to improvements in bone mass. Despite these findings at the molecular level, most exercise intervention studies reveal either no effects or only minor benefits of exercise programs in improving bone mineral density (BMD) in osteoporotic patients. Nevertheless, and despite that BMD is the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis, this measure is only able to provide insights regarding the quantity of bone tissue. In this article, we review the complex structure of bone tissue and highlight the concept that its mechanical strength stems from the interaction of several different features. We revisited the available data showing that bone mineralization degree, hydroxyapatite crystal size and heterogeneity, collagen properties, osteocyte density, trabecular and cortical microarchitecture, as well as whole bone geometry, are determinants of bone strength and that each one of these properties may independently contribute to the increased or decreased risk of fracture, even without meaningful changes in aBMD. Based on these findings, we emphasize that while osteoporosis (almost) always causes bone fragility, bone fragility is not always caused just by osteoporosis, as other important variables also play a major role in this etiology. Furthermore, the results of several studies showing compelling data that physical exercise has the potential to improve bone quality and to decrease fracture risk by influencing each one of these determinants are also reviewed. These findings have meaningful clinical repercussions as they emphasize the fact that, even without leading to improvements in BMD, exercise interventions in patients with osteoporosis may be beneficial by improving other determinants of bone strength.
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Hazrati Marangalou J, Ito K, Taddei F, van Rietbergen B. Inter-individual variability of bone density and morphology distribution in the proximal femur and T12 vertebra. Bone 2014; 60:213-20. [PMID: 24370733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone geometry, density and microstructure can vary widely between subjects. Knowledge about this variation in a population is of interest in particular for the design of orthopedic implants and interventions. The goal of this study is to investigate the local variability of bone density and microstructural parameters between subjects using a novel inter-subject image registration approach. Human proximal femora of 29 and T12 vertebrae of 20 individuals were scanned using a HR-pQCT and a micro-CT system, respectively. A pre-defined iso-anatomic mesh template was morphed to each micro-CT scan. For each element bone volume fraction and other morphological parameters (Tb.Th, Tb.N, Tb.Sp, SMI, DA) were determined and assigned to the element. A coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated for each parameter at each element location of the 29 femora and 20 T12 vertebrae. Contour plots of the CV distribution revealed very detailed information about the inter-individual variation in bone density and morphology. It is also shown that analyzing large sub-volumes, as commonly done in previous studies, would miss much of this variation. Detailed quantitative information of bone morphological parameters for each sample in the femur and the T12 database and their inter-individual variability are available from the mesh templates as supplementary data (http://w3.bmt.tue.nl/nl/fe_database/). We expect that these results can help to optimize implants and orthopedic procedures by taking local bone morphological parameter variations into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Hazrati Marangalou
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fulvia Taddei
- Laboratorio di Tecnologia Medica, Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bert van Rietbergen
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Li F, Yang X, Yang Y, Guo C, Zhang C, Yang Z, Li P. Antiosteoporotic activity of echinacoside in ovariectomized rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:549-57. [PMID: 23428402 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Echinacoside (ECH), isolated from Cistanche tubulosa (Schrenk) R. Wight stems, has been reported to enhance bone regeneration in MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro. The objectives of this study were to investigate the antiosteoporotic effect of ECH on bone metabolism in the ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of osteoporosis in vivo. METHODS Fifty-six aged 6 months female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into sham-operated group (SHAM) and six OVX subgroups (n=8 each). The OVX rats were then subdivided into six groups treated with vehicle (OVX), Xian-ling-gu-bao (XLGB, 0.5 g/kg body weight/day, orally), 17β-estradiol (E2, 50 μg/kg body weight/day, orally) or ECH (30, 90, and 270 mg/kg body weight, daily, orally) for 12 weeks respectively. We evaluated the pharmacological effects of E2, XLGB and ECH against osteoporosis by evaluating the body weight, uterus wet weight, serum and urine biochemical parameters, bone mineral density (BMD), bone biomechanical properties, bone microarchitecture, bone histomorphology and uterus immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In OVX rats, the increases of body weight, serum hydroxyproline (HOP) levels, and the decreases of uterus wet weight and BMD were significantly reversed by ECH treatment. Moreover, three dosages of ECH completely corrected the increased urine concentration of calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P), and HOP observed in OVX rats. Furthermore, Micro-CT analysis results of distal femur showed that all ECH-treated groups notably enhanced bone quality compared to OVX group (p<0.05). Consistent with this finding, total femur BMD and biomechanical strength of tibia were significantly improved (p<0.05) after 12 weeks ECH administration. Histological results also showed the protective activity of ECH through promotion of bone formation and suppression of bone resorption. In addition, the ECH administration also significantly enhanced the expression of ER in the uteri according to immunohistochemical evaluation (p<0.05). Those findings, based on the serum and urine biochemical, BMD, Micro-CT, biomechanical test, histopathological and immunohistochemical parameters, showed that ECH has a notable antiosteoporotic effect, similar to estrogen, especially effective for prevention osteoporosis induced by estrogen deficiency. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ECH, as a new class of phytoestrogen, has a remarkable antiosteoporotic activity, and may be a promising candidate for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis induced by estrogen deficiency in a natural way through herbal resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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16
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Efficacy and safety of echinacoside in a rat osteopenia model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:926928. [PMID: 23573159 PMCID: PMC3615573 DOI: 10.1155/2013/926928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of echinacoside (ECH) using an osteopenia rat model. Forty-eight 6-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into one sham-operated group (SHAM) and five OVX (ovariectomized) subgroups: SHAM with vehicle 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium (0.5% CMC-Na) and OVX with vehicle (OVX), OVX with 17 β -estradiol (E2), and OVX with ECH of graded doses (ECH-L, ECH-M, and ECH-H). The effects of ECH and E2 on serum biochemical parameters, bone mineral density (BMD), bone biomechanical properties, bone microarchitecture, and immunohistochemistry were examined, and safety assessments were also evaluated. The results showed that ECH treatments improved total femur BMD, bone microarchitecture, and biomechanical properties and decreased serum marker levels in comparison to OVX group. Moreover, ECH administration significantly increased osteoprotegerin (OPG) level, and decreased receptor activator of nuclear factor- κ B ligand (RANKL) level in serum, as well as in proximal femur. Importantly, ECH treatment ameliorated the lipid parameters without the overall incidences of adverse events of uterus and mammary gland compared to OVX and SHAM groups. This study demonstrated that administration of ECH for 12 weeks can effectively and safely prevent OVX-induced osteoporosis in rats via increasing the OPG/RANKL ratio.
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Kliemann K, Kneffel M, Bergen I, Kampschulte M, Langheinrich AC, Dürselen L, Ignatius A, Kilian O, Schnettler R, Lips KS. Quantitative analyses of bone composition in acetylcholine receptor M3R and alpha7 knockout mice. Life Sci 2012; 91:997-1002. [PMID: 22871384 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Increasing collagen synthesis was observed in lung after stimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR and mAChR) on fibroblasts. Since collagen synthesis is an important process during fracture healing and bone remodelling, we asked whether cholinergic receptors are involved in bone collagen production. MAIN METHODS In the present study we analysed 16 week old male knockout mice for nAChRα7 (α7-KO) and mAChR M3R (M3R-KO) in correlation to their corresponding wild types (WT). Microarchitecture of right femora, vertebrae Th13 and L1 were analysed by 3D Micro-CT, left femora by a three-point bending test and humeri by real-time RT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS A significant decrease in relative bone volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, bone surface density, and a significant increase in trabecular separation and structure model index were measured for the M3R-KO using Micro-CT analysis. Bending stiffness of M3R-KO was significantly reduced in comparison to WT as well as the collagen 1α1 and 1α2 mRNA expression was down-regulated. No changes were detected for α7-KO using Micro-CT, biomechanical testing, and collagen mRNA expression. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that nAChRα7 are not involved in the regulation of bone collagen synthesis whereas M3R exert stimulatory effects on cancellous bone microarchitecture, flexural rigidity, and bone matrix synthesis. Since the M3R-KO exhibit bone structures similar to systemically diseased bone it might be valuable to establish new therapeutic strategies using administration of agonists for the M3R to improve bone qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Kliemann
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Cervical spine bone mineral density as a function of vertebral level and anatomic location. Spine J 2011; 11:659-67. [PMID: 21689990 PMCID: PMC3152633 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements acquired from quantitative computed tomography scans have been shown to correlate with bone mechanical properties such as strength, stiffness, and yield load. There are currently no reports of BMD as a function of anatomic location within each vertebra. PURPOSE The overall objective of this study was to characterize BMD in the cervical spine as a function of level and anatomic location. STUDY DESIGN Cervical spine BMD was evaluated in vivo using a clinically relevant age group. PATIENT SAMPLE Twenty-two subjects (13 women and 9 men) were included with an average age of 48 ± 7 years (range, 35-61 years). Ten subjects were recently diagnosed with cervical radiculopathy (age 49 ± 8 years; six women and four men; and two smokers and eight nonsmokers), and 12 subjects were asymptomatic controls (age 46 ± 6 years; seven women and five men; and three smokers, three quit smoking, and six nonsmokers). OUTCOME MEASURES Physiologic measures included overall BMD for C3-C7, average BMD within 11 anatomically defined regions of interest for each vertebra, and density distribution (by volume) within each anatomic region and vertebral level. METHODS Subject-specific three-dimensional bone models were created from high-resolution computed tomography scans of the subaxial cervical spine (C3-C7). Custom software calculated the average BMD within 11 anatomically defined regions of interest for each three-dimensional bone model. Bone mineral density values for each voxel of bone tissue were binned into 50 mg/cc ranges to determine the density distribution by volume. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to test for differences within subjects by level (C3-C7) and anatomic location. The correlation between BMD in the central vertebral body and the pedicle and lateral mass regions was tested using Pearson correlation. RESULTS Average BMDs by level were 476, 503, 507, 473, and 414 mg/cm(3) for C3-C7, respectively. C3 and C6 BMDs were significantly less than those of C4 and C5 (p<.007). C7 BMD was significantly less than those of all other levels (all p<.001). Control and female subjects showed a trend toward higher BMD than radiculopathy and male subjects across all levels (p value: .06-.17). Wide variation in BMD was observed over anatomical regions, with the pedicles having significantly higher BMD than all other anatomic locations and the anterior portion of the central vertebral body having significantly lower BMD than all other anatomic locations. There was a significant positive correlation between central vertebral body BMD and lateral mass BMD at each level. Bone mineral density distribution by volume plots revealed women had a higher volume of very high-density bone than men but only in the posterior elements. CONCLUSIONS This study has characterized BMD in the cervical spine according to vertebral level and anatomic location within each vertebral level using live subjects from a clinically relevant age group. The results indicate significant differences in BMD according to vertebral level and among anatomical regions within each vertebra. The results suggest to the surgeon and device manufacturer that surgical procedures involving instrumentation attached to C7 may require a modification in instrumentation or in surgical technique to attain results equivalent to more superior levels. The results suggest to the basic scientist that computational models may be improved by taking into account the wide variation in BMD over different anatomical regions.
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Jing D, Cai J, Shen G, Huang J, Li F, Li J, Lu L, Luo E, Xu Q. The preventive effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on diabetic bone loss in streptozotocin-treated rats. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:1885-95. [PMID: 20976595 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The present study was the first report demonstrating that pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) could partially prevent bone strength and architecture deterioration and improve the impaired bone formation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The findings indicated that PEMF might become a potential additive method for inhibiting diabetic osteopenia or osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM) can cause various musculoskeletal abnormalities. Optimal therapeutic methods for diabetic bone complication are still lacking. It is essential to develop more effective and safe therapeutic methods for diabetic bone disorders. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) as an alternative noninvasive method has proven to be effective for treating fracture healing and osteoporosis in non-diabetic conditions. However, the issue about the therapeutic effects of PEMF on diabetic bone complication has not been previously investigated. METHODS We herein systematically evaluated the preventive effects of PEMF on diabetic bone loss in streptozotocin-treated rats. Two similar experiments were conducted. In each experiment, 16 diabetic and eight non-diabetic rats were equally assigned to the control, DM, and DM + PEMF group. DM + PEMF group was subjected to daily 8-h PEMF exposure for 8 weeks. RESULTS In experiment 1, three-point bending test suggested that PEMF improved the biomechanical quality of diabetic bone tissues, evidenced by increased maximum load, stiffness, and energy absorption. Microcomputed tomography analysis demonstrated that DM-induced bone architecture deterioration was partially reversed by PEMF, evidenced by increased Tb.N, Tb.Th, BV/TV, and Conn.D and reduced Tb.Sp and SMI. Serum OC analysis indicated that PEMF partially prevented DM-induced decrease in bone formation. In experiment 2, no significant difference in the bone resorption marker TRACP5b was observed. These biochemical findings were further supported by the dynamic bone histomorphometric parameters BFR/BS and Oc.N/BS. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that PEMF could partially prevent DM-induced bone strength and architecture deterioration and improve the impaired bone formation. PEMF might become a potential additive method for inhibiting diabetic osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jing
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 17 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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Lazenby RA, Skinner MM, Kivell TL, Hublin JJ. Scaling VOI size in 3D μCT studies of trabecular bone: a test of the over-sampling hypothesis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 144:196-203. [PMID: 20979207 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
For comparative 3D microCT studies of trabecular bone, the use of a volume of interest (VOI) scaled to body size may avoid over-sampling the trabecular mass in smaller versus larger-bodied taxa and comparison of regions that are not functionally homologous (Fajardo and Müller: Am J Phys Anthropol 115 (2001) 327-336), though the influence on quantitative analyses using scaled versus nonscaled VOIs remains poorly characterized. We compare trabecular architectural properties reflecting mass, organization, and orientation from three volumes of interest (large, scaled, and small) obtained from the distal first metacarpal in a sample of Homo (n = 10) and Pan (n = 12). We test the null hypotheses that neither absolute VOI size, nor scaling of the VOI to metacarpal size as a proxy for body size, biases intraspecific analyses nor impacts the detection of interspecific differences. These hypotheses were only partially supported. While certain properties (e.g., bone volume fraction or trabecular thickness) were not affected by varying VOI size within taxa, others were significantly impacted (e.g., intersection surface, connectivity, and structure). In comparing large versus scaled VOIs, we found that the large VOI inflated the number and/or magnitude of significant differences between Homo and Pan. In summary, our results support the use of scaled VOIs in studies of trabecular architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Lazenby
- Anthropology Program, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, Canada V2N4Z9.
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Kivell TL, Skinner MM, Lazenby R, Hublin JJ. Methodological considerations for analyzing trabecular architecture: an example from the primate hand. J Anat 2011; 218:209-25. [PMID: 20977475 PMCID: PMC3042755 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-computed tomographic analyses of trabecular bone architecture have been used to clarify the link between positional behavior and skeletal anatomy in primates. However, there are methodological decisions associated with quantifying and comparing trabecular anatomy across taxa that vary greatly in body size and morphology that can affect characterizations of trabecular architecture, such as choice of the volume of interest (VOI) size and location. The potential effects of these decisions may be amplified in small, irregular-shaped bones of the hands and feet that have more complex external morphology and more heterogeneous trabecular structure compared to, for example, the spherical epiphysis of the femoral head. In this study we investigate the effects of changes in VOI size and location on standard trabecular parameters in two bones of the hand, the capitate and third metacarpal, in a diverse sample of nonhuman primates that vary greatly in morphology, body mass and positional behavior. Results demonstrate that changes in VOI location and, to a lesser extent, changes in VOI size had a dramatic affect on many trabecular parameters, especially trabecular connectivity and structure (rods vs. plates), degree of anisotropy, and the primary orientation of the trabeculae. Although previous research has shown that some trabecular parameters are susceptible to slight variations in methodology (e.g. VOI location, scan resolution), this study provides a quantification of these effects in hand bones of a diverse sample of primates. An a priori understanding of the inherent biases created by the choice of VOI size and particularly location is critical to robust trabecular analysis and functional interpretation, especially in small bones with complex arthroses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Kivell
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
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Laffosse JM, Odent T, Accadbled F, Cachon T, Kinkpe C, Viguier E, Sales de Gauzy J, Swider P. Micro-computed tomography evaluation of vertebral end-plate trabecular bone changes in a porcine asymmetric vertebral tether. J Orthop Res 2010; 28:232-40. [PMID: 19658156 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a micro-CT analysis of subchondral bone of the vertebral end-plates after application of compressive stress. Thoracic and lumbar vertebral units were instrumented by carrying out left asymmetric tether in eleven 4-week-old pigs. After 3 months of growth, instrumented units and control units were harvested. Micro-CT study of subchondral bone was performed on one central and two lateral specimens (fixated side and non-fixated side). In control units, bone volume fraction (BV/TV), number of trabeculae (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and degree of anisotropy (DA) were significantly higher, whereas intertrabecular space (Tb.Sp) was significantly lower in center than in periphery. No significant difference between the fixated and non-fixated sides was found. In instrumented units, BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th, and DA were significantly higher in center than in periphery. BV/TV, Tb.N, and Conn.D were significantly higher in fixated than in non-fixated side, while Tb.Sp was significantly lower. We noted BV/TV, Tb.N, and Tb.Th significantly lower, and Tb.Sp significantly higher, in the instrumented levels. This study showed, in instrumented units, two opposing processes generating a reorganization of the trabecular network. First, an osteolytic process (decrease in BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th) by stress-shielding, greater in center and on non-fixated side. Second, an osteogenic process (higher BV/TV, Tb.N, Conn.D, and lower Tb.Sp) due to the compressive loading induced by growth on the fixated side. This study demonstrates the densification of the trabecular bone tissue of the vertebral end-plates after compressive loading, and illustrates the potential risks of excessively rigid spinal instrumentation which may induce premature osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Laffosse
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique-Institut Locomoteur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse-Rangueil, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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Laffosse JM, Kinkpe C, Gomez-Brouchet A, Accadbled F, Viguier E, Sales de Gauzy J, Swider P. Micro-computed tomography study of the subchondral bone of the vertebral endplates in a porcine model: correlations with histomorphometric parameters. Surg Radiol Anat 2009; 32:335-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00276-009-0569-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Scherf H, Tilgner R. A new high-resolution computed tomography (CT) segmentation method for trabecular bone architectural analysis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2009; 140:39-51. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cardoso MJ, Dmitriev AE, Helgeson MD, Stephens F, Campbell V, Lehman RA, Cooper P, Rosner MK. Using lamina screws as a salvage technique at C-7: computed tomography and biomechanical analysis using cadaveric vertebrae. J Neurosurg Spine 2009; 11:28-33. [PMID: 19569937 DOI: 10.3171/2009.3.spine08648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Object
Transpedicular instrumentation at C-7 has been well accepted, but salvage techniques are limited. Lamina screws have been shown to be a biomechanically sound salvage technique in the proximal thoracic spine, but have not been evaluated in the lower cervical spine. The following study evaluates the anatomical feasibility of lamina screws at C-7 as well as their bone-screw interface strength as a salvage technique.
Methods
Nine fresh-frozen C-7 cadaveric specimens were scanned for bone mineral density using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Prior to testing, all specimens were imaged using CT to obtain 1-mm axial sections. Caliper measurements of both pedicle width and laminar thickness were obtained. On the right side, pedicle screws were first inserted and then pulled out. Salvage intralaminar screws were inserted into the left lamina from the right spinous process/lamina junction and then pulled out. All screws were placed by experienced cervical spine surgeons under direct fluoroscopic visualization. Pedicle and lamina screws were 4.35- and 3.5-mm in diameter, respectively. Screws sizes were chosen based on direct and radiographic measurements of the respective anatomical regions. Insertional torque (IT) was measured in pounds per inch. Tensile loading to failure was performed in-line with the screw axis at a rate of 0.25 mm/sec using a MiniBionix II system with data recorded in Newtons.
Results
Using lamina screws as a salvage technique generated mean pullout forces (778.9 ± 161.4 N) similar to that of the index pedicle screws (805.3 ± 261.7 N; p = 0.796). However, mean lamina screw peak IT (5.2 ± 2.0 lbs/in) was significantly lower than mean index pedicle screw peak IT (9.1 ± 3.6 lbs/in; p = 0.012). Bone mineral density was strongly correlated with pedicle screw pullout strength (r = 0.95) but less with lamina screw pullout strength (r = 0.04). The mean lamina width measured using calipers (5.7 ± 1.0 mm) was significantly different from the CTmeasured mean lamina width (5.1 ± 0.8 mm; p = 0.003). Similarly, the mean pedicle width recorded with calipers (6.6 ± 1.1 mm) was significantly different from the CT-measured mean pedicle width (6.2 ± 1.3 mm; p = 0.014). The mean laminar width measured on CT at the thinnest point ranged from 3.8 to 6.8 mm, allowing a 3.5-mm screw to be placed without difficulty.
Conclusions
These results suggest that using lamina screws as a salvage technique at C-7 provides similar fixation strength as the index pedicle screw. The C-7 lamina appears to have an ideal anatomical width for the insertion of 3.5-mm screws commonly used for cervical fusions. Therefore, if the transpedicular screw fails, using intralaminar screws appear to be a biomechanically sound salvage technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton E. Dmitriev
- 2Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Melvin D. Helgeson
- 2Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - Ronald A. Lehman
- 2Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC
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Lazenby RA, Angus S, Cooper DML, Hallgrímsson B. A three-dimensional microcomputed tomographic study of site-specific variation in trabecular microarchitecture in the human second metacarpal. J Anat 2009; 213:698-705. [PMID: 19094185 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in trabecular microarchitecture is widely accepted as being regulated by both functional (mechanical loading) and genetic parameters, although the relative influence of each is unclear. Studies reporting inter-site differences in trabecular morphology (volume, number and structure) reveal a complex interaction at the gene-environment interface. We report inter- and intra-site variation in trabecular anatomy using a novel model of contralateral (left vs right) and ipsilateral (head vs base) comparisons for the human second metacarpal in a sample of n = 29 historically known 19th century EuroCanadians. Measures of bone volume fraction, structure model index, connectivity, trabecular number, spacing and thickness as well as degree of anisotropy were obtained from 5-mm volumes of interest using three-dimensional microcomputed tomography. We hypothesized that: (i) the more diverse loading environment of metacarpal heads should produce a more robust trabecular architecture than corresponding bases within sides and (ii) the ipsilateral differences between epiphyses will be larger on the right side than on the left side, as a function of handedness. Analysis of covariance (Side x Epiphysis) with Age as covariate revealed a clear dichotomy between labile and constrained architectures within and among anatomical sites. The predicted variation in loading was accommodated by changes in trabecular volume, whereas trabecular structure did not vary significantly by side or by epiphysis within sides. Age was a significant covariate only for females. We conclude that environmental and genetic regulation of bone adaptation may act through distinct pathways and local anatomies to ensure an integrated lattice of sufficient mass to meet normal functional demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Lazenby
- Anthropology Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada.
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Computed tomography and biomechanical evaluation of screw fixation options at the cervicothoracic junction: intralamina versus intrapedicular techniques. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008; 33:2612-7. [PMID: 19011542 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e31818ce3ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN In vitro cadaveric biomechanical analysis. OBJECTIVE Define the T1 and T2 anatomic lamina size and evaluate the bone-screw interface strength of various pedicle screw options and intralamina techniques. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Transpedicular instrumentation is well accepted, but salvage techniques in the proximal thoracic spine are limited. Intralamina fixation has been described at C2 with favorable biomechanical characteristics. In addition, this technique has been introduced clinically in the proximal thoracic spine. However, the biomechanical potential has not been evaluated. METHODS Fourteen fresh-frozen cervicothoracic cadaveric specimens were scanned using dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry for bone mineral density, imaged under computed tomography, and then instrumented in the following configuration: (1) Right-sided pedicle screws in a straight-forward trajectory, (2) "salvage anatomic trajectory pedicle screws, and (3) "salvage" intralamina screws into the contralateral lamina. Insertional torque (IT) was recorded with each revolution and screws were pulled out in-line (POS) with the screw axis to simulate intraoperative failure of fixation. RESULTS Lamina screws as a salvage technique generated statistically greater peak IT (P = 0.002) and relative POS (P < 0.05) in comparison with straight-forward transpedicular screws as the initial fixation type. Furthermore, lamina screws, when compared to the salvage anatomic trajectory pedicle screws, had a significantly greater peak IT (P = 0.011). The peak IT showed a stronger correlation with POS in lamina screws than straight-forward or anatomic pedicle screws with a similar trend noted in mean IT. Bone mineral density correlated with POS in all methods of fixation. The mean lamina width measured on computed tomography at the thinnest point was 5.9 +/- 0.7 mm (range, 4.9-7.9). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that lamina screws, used as a salvage technique in the proximal thoracic spine, provide stronger fixation than transpedicular screws when using standard 4.5-mm cervical screws. In-tralamina screws appear to be a biomechanically sound salvage technique in the region, and appear to be a safe, effective technique for instrumenting the proximal thoracic spine.
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Reich A, Sharir A, Zelzer E, Hacker L, Monsonego-Ornan E, Shahar R. The effect of weight loading and subsequent release from loading on the postnatal skeleton. Bone 2008; 43:766-74. [PMID: 18619566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Revised: 05/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between load and the structure and mechanical properties of mature bones has been thoroughly described. In contrast, this relationship has been studied much less in immature bones, which consist of bony tissue and cartilaginous growth plate, during the postnatal period. This paper describes the effect of an externally applied load on the bones of young fast-growing chicks; in particular, we examine the effect on the growth plate, which regulates longitudinal bone growth, and the consequences in terms of bone structural and mechanical properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS The tibial growth plates from chicks subjected to external load and control chicks, immediately after loading and following 5 days of load release, were studied by histological staining and quantitative PCR. The contralateral tibiae were mechanically tested by three-point bending and their structural features determined by micro-CT. RESULTS At the end of the external loading period, the tibias of the experimental group were shorter and their growth plate narrower than in controls. However, at this time point, effects were not yet apparent in the bones' structural or mechanical parameters. After a further 5 days of no external load, bones and growth plates of the experimental group demonstrated the phenomenon of 'catch-up': the thickness of the growth plate exceeded that of the control; however the relative expression of genes controlling chondrocyte differentiation (collagen II and X) did not change, while the expression of factors related to growth-plate ossification (osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase) and cartilage and bone calcification (matrix and bone Gla proteins) was upregulated as a result of the catch-up process. At this time, however, the tibiae of the experimental group showed inferior mechanical and structural properties relative to the control group. CONCLUSION External loading during bone elongation negatively affects the mechanical and structural properties of the skeleton. The effect is first noticeable in the growth plate, which regulates bone growth, and is exhibited in the bone phenotype after a lag period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Reich
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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Lazenby RA, Cooper DM, Angus S, Hallgrímsson B. Articular constraint, handedness, and directional asymmetry in the human second metacarpal. J Hum Evol 2008; 54:875-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wedemeyer C, Xu J, Neuerburg C, Landgraeber S, Malyar NM, von Knoch F, Gosheger G, von Knoch M, Löer F, Saxler G. Particle-induced osteolysis in three-dimensional micro-computed tomography. Calcif Tissue Int 2007; 81:394-402. [PMID: 17952672 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-007-9077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Small-animal models are useful for the in vivo study of particle-induced osteolysis, the most frequent cause of aseptic loosening after total joint replacement. Microstructural changes associated with particle-induced osteolysis have been extensively explored using two-dimensional (2D) techniques. However, relatively little is known regarding the 3D dynamic microstructure of particle-induced osteolysis. Therefore, we tested micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) as a novel tool for 3D analysis of wear debris-mediated osteolysis in a small-animal model of particle-induced osteolysis. The murine calvarial model based on polyethylene particles was utilized in 14 C57BL/J6 mice randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 received sham surgery, and group 2 was treated with polyethylene particles. We performed 3D micro-CT analysis and histological assessment. Various bone morphometric parameters were assessed. Regression was used to examine the relation between the results achieved by the two methods. Micro-CT analysis provides a fully automated means to quantify bone destruction in a mouse model of particle-induced osteolysis. This method revealed that the osteolytic lesions in calvaria in the experimental group were affected irregularly compared to the rather even distribution of osteolysis in the control group. This is an observation which would have been missed if histomorphometric analysis only had been performed, leading to false assessment of the actual situation. These irregularities seen by micro-CT analysis provide new insight into individual bone changes which might otherwise be overlooked by histological analysis and can be used as baseline information on which future studies can be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wedemeyer
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany.
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