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Li B, Xu J, Ai R, Zhang H, Wei M, Zhang R, Bao C, Wu W. Safe and Durable Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity via Nourishing and Remineralizing Dentin Based on β-Chitooligosaccharide Graft Derivative. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300359. [PMID: 37292051 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common symptom of various dental diseases that usually produces abnormal pain with external stimuli. Various desensitizers are developed to treat DH by occluding dentine tubules (DTs) or blocking intersynaptic connections of dental sensory nerve cells. However, the main limitations of currently available techniques are the chronic toxic effects of chemically active ingredients and their insufficiently durable efficacy. Herein, a novel DH therapy with remarkable biosafety and durable therapeutic value based on β-chitooligosaccharide graft derivative (CAD) is presented. Particularly, CAD indicates the most energetic results, restoring the amino polysaccharide protective membrane in DTs, significantly promoting calcium and phosphorus ion deposition and bone anabolism, and regulating the levels of immunoglobulin in saliva and cellular inflammatory factors in plasma. Exposed DTs are occluded by remineralized hydroxyapatite with a depth of over 70 µm, as shown in in vitro tests. The bone mineral density of Sprague-Dawley rats' molar dentin increases by 10.96%, and the trabecular thickness of bone improves to about 0.03 µm in 2 weeks in the CAD group compared to the blank group. Overall, the ingenious concept that modified marine biomaterial can be a safe and durable therapy for DH is demonstrated by nourishing and remineralizing dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailei Li
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Jiren Xu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ruixue Ai
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, 1478, Norway
| | - Haixing Zhang
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Mingjun Wei
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Chunling Bao
- Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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Redenski I, Guo S, Machour M, Szklanny A, Landau S, Egozi D, Gabet Y, Levenberg S. Microcomputed Tomography-Based Analysis of Neovascularization within Bioengineered Vascularized Tissues. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:232-241. [PMID: 34905338 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the field of tissue engineering, evaluating newly formed vascular networks is considered a fundamental step in deciphering the processes underlying tissue development. Several common modalities exist to study vessel network formation and function. However, a proper methodology that allows through three-dimensional visualization of neovessels in a reproducible manner is required. Here, we describe in-depth exploration, visualization, and analysis of vessels within newly formed tissues by utilizing a contrast agent perfusion protocol and high-resolution microcomputed tomography. Bioengineered constructs consisting of porous, biocompatible, and biodegradable scaffolds are loaded with cocultures of adipose-derived microvascular endothelial cells (HAMECs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and implanted in a rat femoral bundle model. After 14 days of in vivo maturation, we performed the optimized perfusion protocol to allow host penetrating vascular visualization and assessment within neotissues. Following high-resolution microCT scanning of DPSC:HAMEC explants, we performed the volumetric and spatial analysis of neovasculature. Eventually, the process was repeated with a previously published coculture system for prevascularization based on adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and HAMECs. Overall, our approach allows a comprehensive understanding of vessel organization during engraftment and development of neotissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idan Redenski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Shaowei Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Majd Machour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ariel Szklanny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Shira Landau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Dana Egozi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaplan Hospital, Rehovot and the Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Xu X, Liang C, Gao X, Huang H, Xing X, Tang Q, Yang J, Wu Y, Li M, Li H, Liao L, Tian W. Adipose Tissue-derived Microvascular Fragments as Vascularization Units for Dental Pulp Regeneration. J Endod 2021; 47:1092-1100. [PMID: 33887305 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The transplantation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) has emerged as a novel strategy for the regeneration of lost dental pulp after pulpitis and trauma. Dental pulp regeneration of the young permanent tooth with a wide tooth apical foramen has achieved significant progress in the clinical trials. However, because of the narrow apical foramen, dental pulp regeneration in adult teeth using stem cells remains difficult in the clinic. Finding out how to promote vascular reconstitution is essential for the survival of stem cells and the regeneration of dental pulp after transplantation into the adult tooth. METHODS Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments (ad-MVFs) were isolated from human adipose tissues. The apoptosis and senescence of DPSCs cultured in conditioned media were evaluated to explore the effects of ad-MVFs on DPSCs. DPSCs combined with ad-MVFs were inserted into the human tooth root segments and implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. Regenerated pulplike tissues were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry. The vessels in regenerated tissues were analyzed by Micro-CT and immunofluorescence. RESULTS The isolated ad-MVFs contained endothelial cells and pericytes. ad-MVFs effectively prevented the apoptosis and senescence of the transplanted DPSCs both in vivo and in vitro. Combined with DPSCs, ad-MVFs obviously facilitated the formation of vascular networks in the transplants. DPSCs combined with ad-MVFs formed dental pulp-like tissues with abundant cells and matrix after 4 weeks of implantation. The supplementation of ad-MVFs led to more odontoblastlike cells and increased the formation of mineralized substance around the root canal. CONCLUSIONS Cotransplantation with ad-MVFs promotes the angiogenesis and revascularization of transplanted DPSC aggregates, leading to robust regeneration of dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haisen Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaotao Xing
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Tang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutao Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Maojiao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huanian Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Weidong Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Akhter MP, Recker RR. High resolution imaging in bone tissue research-review. Bone 2021; 143:115620. [PMID: 32866682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review article focuses on imaging of bone tissue to understand skeletal health with regards to bone quality. Skeletal fragility fractures are due to bone diseases such as osteoporosis which result in low bone mass and bone mineral density (BMD) leading to high risk of fragility fractures. Recent advances in imaging and analysis technologies have highly benefitted the field of biological sciences. In particular, their application in skeletal health has been of significant importance in understanding bone mechanical behavior (structure and properties) at the tissue level. While synchrotron based microCT technique has remained the gold standard for non-destructive evaluation of structure in material and biological sciences, several lab based microCT systems have been developed to provide high resolution imaging of specimens with greater access, and ease of use in laboratory settings. Lab based microCT scanners are widely used in the bone field as a standard tool to evaluate three-dimensional (3D) morphologies of bone structure at image resolutions appropriate for bone samples from small animals to bone biopsy specimens from humans. Both synchrotron and standard lab based microCT systems provide high resolution imaging ex vivo for a small sized specimen. A few X-ray based systems are also commercially available for in vivo scanning at relatively low image resolutions. Synchrotron-based CT microscopy is being used for various ultra-high-resolution image analyses using complex 3D software. However, the synchrotron-based CT technology is in high demand, allows only limited numbers of specimens, expensive, requires complex additional instrumentation, and is not easily available to researchers as it requires access to a synchrotron source which is always limited. Therefore, desktop laboratory scanners (microXCT, Zeiss/Xradia, Scanco, SkyScan. etc.), mimicking the synchrotron based CT technology or image resolution, have been developed to solve the accessibility issues. These lab based scanners have helped both material science, and the bone field to investigate bone tissue morphologies at submicron mage resolutions. Considerable progress has been made in both in vivo and ex vivo imaging towards providing high resolution images of bone tissue. Both clinical and research imaging technologies will continue to improve and help understand osteoporosis and other related skeletal issues in order to develop targeted treatments for bone fragility. This review summarizes the high resolution imaging work in bone research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Akhter
- Creighton University Osteoporosis Research Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America.
| | - R R Recker
- Creighton University Osteoporosis Research Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
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FERNÁNDEZ MPEÑA, WITTE F, TOZZI G. Applications of X‐ray computed tomography for the evaluation of biomaterial‐mediated bone regeneration in critical‐sized defects. J Microsc 2020; 277:179-196. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. PEÑA FERNÁNDEZ
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design EngineeringUniversity of Portsmouth Portsmouth UK
| | - F. WITTE
- Biotrics Bioimplants GmbH Berlin Germany
| | - G. TOZZI
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design EngineeringUniversity of Portsmouth Portsmouth UK
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Dębski T, Kurzyk A, Ostrowska B, Wysocki J, Jaroszewicz J, Święszkowski W, Pojda Z. Scaffold vascularization method using an adipose-derived stem cell (ASC)-seeded scaffold prefabricated with a flow-through pedicle. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:34. [PMID: 31973733 PMCID: PMC6979360 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vascularization is important for the clinical application of tissue engineered products. Both adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and surgical prefabrication can be used to induce angiogenesis in scaffolds. Our aim was to compare the angiogenic potential of ASC-seeded scaffolds combined with scaffold prefabrication with that of non-seeded, non-prefabricated scaffolds. Methods For prefabrication, functional blood vessels were introduced into the scaffold using a flow-through pedicle system. ASCs were isolated from rat fat deposits. Three-dimensional-printed cylindrical poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds were fabricated by fused deposition modelling. Three groups, each containing six rats, were investigated by using non-seeded, ASC-seeded, and osteogenic induced ASC-seeded scaffolds. In each group, one rat was implanted with two scaffolds in the inguinal region. On the right side, a scaffold was implanted subcutaneously around the inferior epigastric vessels (classic prefabrication group). On the left side, the inferior epigastric vessels were placed inside the prefabricated scaffold in the flow-through pedicle system (flow-through prefabrication group). The vessel density and vascular architecture were examined histopathologically and by μCT imaging, respectively, at 2 months after implantation. Results The mean vessel densities were 10- and 5-fold higher in the ASC-seeded and osteogenic induced ASC-seeded scaffolds with flow-through prefabrication, respectively, than in the non-seeded classic prefabricated group (p < 0.001). μCT imaging revealed functional vessels within the scaffold. Conclusion ASC-seeded scaffolds with prefabrication showed significantly improved scaffold vasculogenesis and could be useful for application to tissue engineering products in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Dębski
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agata Kurzyk
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Ostrowska
- Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Juliusz Wysocki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Jaroszewicz
- Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Pojda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland
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In Situ Endoscopic Analysis of Vascular Supply and Regenerated Alveolar Bone in β-TCP Grafted and Ungrafted Postextraction Sites before Implant Placement: A Prospective Case Control Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2797210. [PMID: 31781606 PMCID: PMC6875396 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2797210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Endoscopy has seen a significant development over recent years in various medical fields with its application expanding from the support of minimal invasive surgery to in situ imaging. In this context, the application of endoscopic techniques to assess the quality of the regenerated bone in situ in the drill hole before implant placement is an appealing approach. Aim The aim of this study was to use short distance support immersion endoscopy (SD-SIE) to compare the quality of regenerated bone in healed postextraction sites, which are grafted with an in situ hardening β-TCP, against ungrafted sites, before implant placement. This assessment was based on microscopic bone analysis in combination with the blood vessel count. Method 13 spontaneously healed and 13 grafted postextraction sites in 3 men and 6 women, aged 26–83 years, were evaluated using SD-SIE after 4–6 months. SD-SIE was applied in drill holes before implant placement, and videos were taken from representative central buccal areas. The video recordings were analyzed using Image J software for (1) number of blood vessels per area (NBV), (2) relative area of vessels (VA), (3) relative area of mineralized bone (MBA), (4) relative area of unmineralized bone (UMBA), and (5) relative area of bone substitute (BSA). Results The grafted sites showed more (1) NBV as well as (2) VA (8.6 ± 1.1; 2.03 ± 0.28%) than the ungrafted sites (2.5 ± 0.6; 1.18 ± 0.36%) (independent t-test; p < 0.05); (3) MBA and (4) UMBA were similar to those in the grafted sites (86.3 ± 2.2 %; 13.7 ± 2.2 %) and to the ungrafted sites (89.5 ± 3.7%; 10.5 ± 3.6%) (independent t-test; p > 0.05); and (5) BSA in the grafted sites was 18.2 ± 5.4%. Conclusion SD-SIE is an interesting new approach for in situ assessment of bone quality and blood supply before implant placement. The regenerated bone in β-TCP grafted extraction sockets showed an increased vascularization compared to ungrafted sites providing a vital support for subsequent implant placement.
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A Radiological Approach to Evaluate Bone Graft Integration in Reconstructive Surgeries. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9071469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Bone tissue engineering is a promising tool to develop new smart solutions for regeneration of complex bone districts, from orthopedic to oral and maxillo-facial fields. In this respect, a crucial characteristic for biomaterials is the ability to fully integrate within the patient body. In this work, we developed a novel radiological approach, in substitution to invasive histology, for evaluating the level of osteointegration and osteogenesis, in both qualitative and quantitative manners. (2) SmartBone®, a composite xeno-hybrid bone graft, was selected as the base material because of its remarkable effectiveness in clinical practice. Using pre- and post-surgery computed tomography (CT), we built 3D models that faithfully represented the patient’s anatomy, with special attention to the bone defects. (3) Results: This way, it was possible to assess whether the new bone formation respected the natural geometry of the healthy bone. In all cases of the study (four dental, one maxillo-facial, and one orthopedic) we evaluated the presence of new bone formation and volumetric increase. (4) Conclusion: The newly established radiological protocol allowed the tracking of SmartBone® effective integration and bone regeneration. Moreover, the patient’s anatomy was completely restored in the defect area and functionality completely rehabilitated without foreign body reaction or inflammation.
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Mendez A, Rindone AN, Batra N, Abbasnia P, Senarathna J, Gil S, Hadjiabadi D, Grayson WL, Pathak AP. Phenotyping the Microvasculature in Critical-Sized Calvarial Defects via Multimodal Optical Imaging. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 24:430-440. [PMID: 29901424 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered scaffolds are a powerful means of healing craniofacial bone defects arising from trauma or disease. Murine models of critical-sized bone defects are especially useful in understanding the role of microenvironmental factors such as vascularization on bone regeneration. Here, we demonstrate the capability of a novel multimodality imaging platform capable of acquiring in vivo images of microvascular architecture, microvascular blood flow, and tracer/cell tracking via intrinsic optical signaling (IOS), laser speckle contrast (LSC), and fluorescence (FL) imaging, respectively, in a critical-sized calvarial defect model. Defects that were 4 mm in diameter were made in the calvarial regions of mice followed by the implantation of osteoconductive scaffolds loaded with human adipose-derived stem cells embedded in fibrin gel. Using IOS imaging, we were able to visualize microvascular angiogenesis at the graft site and extracted morphological information such as vessel radius, length, and tortuosity two weeks after scaffold implantation. FL imaging allowed us to assess functional characteristics of the angiogenic vessel bed, such as time-to-peak of a fluorescent tracer, and also allowed us to track the distribution of fluorescently tagged human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Finally, we used LSC to characterize the in vivo hemodynamic response and maturity of the remodeled microvessels in the scaffold microenvironment. In this study, we provide a methodical framework for imaging tissue-engineered scaffolds, processing the images to extract key microenvironmental parameters, and visualizing these data in a manner that enables the characterization of the vascular phenotype and its effect on bone regeneration. Such multimodality imaging platforms can inform optimization and design of tissue-engineered scaffolds and elucidate the factors that promote enhanced vascularization and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mendez
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexandra N Rindone
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,3 Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Namrata Batra
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pegah Abbasnia
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,3 Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janaka Senarathna
- 4 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stacy Gil
- 4 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Darian Hadjiabadi
- 4 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Warren L Grayson
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,3 Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,5 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland.,6 Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Arvind P Pathak
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,4 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,6 Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland.,7 Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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Kanczler J, Tare RS, Stumpf P, Noble TJ, Black C, Oreffo ROC. Isolation, Differentiation, and Characterization of Human Bone Marrow Stem Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1914:53-70. [PMID: 30729460 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8997-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, we describe techniques for the isolation and characterisation of skeletal stem cells from human bone marrow. The methods for enrichment of STRO-1+ and STRO-4+ cells using magnetic activated cell sorting are described and we also detail techniques for establishing and characterizing osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic cultures from these cells. Finally, we present methods for studying the ability of these cells to produce bone in vivo using diffusion chambers which have been implanted subcutaneously into mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Kanczler
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Rahul S Tare
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Patrick Stumpf
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Timothy J Noble
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Cameron Black
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK.
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Li Z, Yang A, Yin X, Dong S, Luo F, Dou C, Lan X, Xie Z, Hou T, Xu J, Xing J. Mesenchymal stem cells promote endothelial progenitor cell migration, vascularization, and bone repair in tissue‐engineered constructs
via
activating CXCR2‐Src‐PKL/Vav2‐Rac1. FASEB J 2018; 32:2197-2211. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700895r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Li
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringDepartment of OrthopedicsSouthwest Hospital, and Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing CityChongqingChina
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing CityChongqingChina
- Department of SpineLanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (CPLA)LanzhouChina
| | - Aijun Yang
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringDepartment of OrthopedicsSouthwest Hospital, and Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing CityChongqingChina
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing CityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaolong Yin
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringDepartment of OrthopedicsSouthwest Hospital, and Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing CityChongqingChina
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing CityChongqingChina
| | - Shiwu Dong
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringDepartment of OrthopedicsSouthwest Hospital, and Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Biomedical Materials ScienceCollege of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Fei Luo
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringDepartment of OrthopedicsSouthwest Hospital, and Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing CityChongqingChina
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing CityChongqingChina
| | - Ce Dou
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringDepartment of OrthopedicsSouthwest Hospital, and Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing CityChongqingChina
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing CityChongqingChina
| | - Xu Lan
- Department of SpineLanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (CPLA)LanzhouChina
| | - Zhao Xie
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringDepartment of OrthopedicsSouthwest Hospital, and Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing CityChongqingChina
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing CityChongqingChina
| | - Tianyong Hou
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringDepartment of OrthopedicsSouthwest Hospital, and Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing CityChongqingChina
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing CityChongqingChina
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringDepartment of OrthopedicsSouthwest Hospital, and Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing CityChongqingChina
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing CityChongqingChina
| | - Junchao Xing
- National and Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringDepartment of OrthopedicsSouthwest Hospital, and Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing CityChongqingChina
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing CityChongqingChina
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12
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Zhang H, Mao X, Zhao D, Jiang W, Du Z, Li Q, Jiang C, Han D. Three dimensional printed polylactic acid-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for prefabricating vascularized tissue engineered bone: An in vivo bioreactor model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15255. [PMID: 29127293 PMCID: PMC5681514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The repair of large bone defects with complex geometries remains a major clinical challenge. Here, we explored the feasibility of fabricating polylactic acid-hydroxyapatite (PLA-HA) composite scaffolds. These scaffolds were constructed from vascularized tissue engineered bone using an in vivo bioreactor (IVB) strategy with three-dimensional printing technology. Specifically, a rabbit model was established to prefabricate vascularized tissue engineered bone in two groups. An experimental group (EG) was designed using a tibial periosteum capsule filled with 3D printed (3DP) PLA-HA composite scaffolds seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and crossed with a vascular bundle. 3DP PLA-HA scaffolds were also combined with autologous BMSCs and transplanted to tibial periosteum without blood vessel as a control group (CG). After four and eight weeks, neovascularisation and bone tissues were analysed by studying related genes, micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) and histological examinations between groups. The results showed that our method capably generated vascularized tissue engineered bone in vivo. Furthermore, we observed significant differences in neovascular and new viable bone formation in the two groups. In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of generating large vascularized bone tissues in vivo with 3DP PLA-HA composite scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyuan Mao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Clinical Translational Research and Development Center of 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijing Du
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaohua Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Zeller-Plumhoff B, Roose T, Clough GF, Schneider P. Image-based modelling of skeletal muscle oxygenation. J R Soc Interface 2017; 14:rsif.2016.0992. [PMID: 28202595 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The supply of oxygen in sufficient quantity is vital for the correct functioning of all organs in the human body, in particular for skeletal muscle during exercise. Disease is often associated with both an inhibition of the microvascular supply capability and is thought to relate to changes in the structure of blood vessel networks. Different methods exist to investigate the influence of the microvascular structure on tissue oxygenation, varying over a range of application areas, i.e. biological in vivo and in vitro experiments, imaging and mathematical modelling. Ideally, all of these methods should be combined within the same framework in order to fully understand the processes involved. This review discusses the mathematical models of skeletal muscle oxygenation currently available that are based upon images taken of the muscle microvasculature in vivo and ex vivo Imaging systems suitable for capturing the blood vessel networks are discussed and respective contrasting methods presented. The review further informs the association between anatomical characteristics in health and disease. With this review we give the reader a tool to understand and establish the workflow of developing an image-based model of skeletal muscle oxygenation. Finally, we give an outlook for improvements needed for measurements and imaging techniques to adequately investigate the microvascular capability for oxygen exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zeller-Plumhoff
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung, Geesthacht, Germany .,Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - T Roose
- Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - G F Clough
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - P Schneider
- Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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14
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Westhauser F, Senger AS, Reible B, Moghaddam A. * In Vivo Models for the Evaluation of the Osteogenic Potency of Bone Substitutes Seeded with Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Human Origin: A Concise Review. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:881-888. [PMID: 28747099 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Research concerning bone substitutes is one of the most challenging fields in orthopedic research and has a high clinical relevance, especially since the currently available bone substitutes are limited in their osteostimulative capabilities. In vitro models for the evaluation of the properties of bone substitutes allow the use of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) seeded onto scaffolds, but suffer from the lack of a physiological environment for those cells. Most in vivo models include the use of non-hMSC and are therefore lacking in clinical relevance. To overcome these issues, in vivo models were created that allow the evaluation of hMSC-seeded bone substitutes, combining the advantages of the use of human cells with the physiological conditions of an organism in vivo. In brief, models usually aim for bone formation in immunocompromised rodents. The subcutaneous implantation of scaffolds is most widely performed, showing low complication rates along with good results, but suffering from inferior vascularization of the implants and the absence of the realistic structural and mechanical conditions of bone. Orthotopic implantation, for example in calvarian or long bone defects, provides the most appropriate surrounding for hMSC-seeded scaffolds. However, parallel host-induced bone formation is a major limitation. This review summarizes in vivo models for the evaluation of the osteogenic potency of bone substitutes seeded with mesenchymal stem cells of human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Westhauser
- 1 HTRG-Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Senger
- 1 HTRG-Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno Reible
- 1 HTRG-Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arash Moghaddam
- 2 Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery, Trauma Surgery, and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Aschaffenburg-Alzenau , Aschaffenburg, Germany
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15
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Wang S, Li M, Zhang W, Hua H, Wang N, Zhao J, Ge J, Jiang X, Zhang Z, Ye D, Yang C. Growth differentiation factor 15 promotes blood vessel growth by stimulating cell cycle progression in repair of critical-sized calvarial defect. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9027. [PMID: 28831101 PMCID: PMC5567281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09210-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of large bone defects remains a challenge for surgeons, tissue engineering represents a promising approach. However, the use of this technique is limited by delayed vascularization in central regions of the scaffold. Growth differentiation factor 15(GDF15) has recently been reported to be a potential angiogenic cytokine and has an ability to promote the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs). Whether it can be applied for promoting vascularized bone regeneration is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that GDF15 augmented the expression of cyclins D1 and E, induced Rb phosphorylation and E2F-1 nuclear translocation, as well as increased HUVECs proliferation. Furthermore, we also observed that GDF15 promoted the formation of functional vessels at an artificially-induced angiogenic site, and remarkably improved the healing in the repair of critical-sized calvarial defects. Our results confirm the essential role of GDF15 in angiogenesis and suggest its potential beneficial use in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Oral Bioengineering Lab/Regenerative Medicine Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongfei Hua
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningtao Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ge
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Oral Bioengineering Lab/Regenerative Medicine Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dongxia Ye
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chi Yang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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Li C, Jiang C, Deng Y, Li T, Li N, Peng M, Wang J. RhBMP-2 loaded 3D-printed mesoporous silica/calcium phosphate cement porous scaffolds with enhanced vascularization and osteogenesis properties. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41331. [PMID: 28128363 PMCID: PMC5269721 DOI: 10.1038/srep41331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A major limitation in the development of effective scaffolds for bone regeneration has been the limited vascularization of the regenerating tissue. Here, we propose the development of a novel calcium phosphate cement (CPC)-based scaffold combining the properties of mesoporous silica (MS) with recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) to facilitate vascularization and osteogenesis. Specifically, the development of a custom MS/CPC paste allowed the three-dimensional (3D) printing of scaffolds with a defined macroporous structure and optimized silicon (Si) ions release profile to promote the ingrowth of vascular tissue at an early stage after implantation in support of tissue viability and osteogenesis. In addition, the scaffold microstructure allowed the prolonged release of rhBMP-2, which in turn significantly stimulated the osteogenesis of human bone marrow stromal cells in vitro and of bone regeneration in vivo as shown in a rabbit femur defect repair model. Thus, the combination MS/CPC/rhBMP-2 scaffolds might provide a solution to issues of tissue necrosis during the regeneration process and therefore might be able to be readily developed into a useful tool for bone repair in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuidi Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Deng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingzheng Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinwu Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Wittenborn TR, Nielsen T, Thomsen JS, Horsman MR, Nygaard JV. Simulation of heterogeneous molecular delivery in tumours using μCT reconstructions and MRI validation. Microvasc Res 2016; 108:69-74. [PMID: 27569845 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE Utilizing the detailed vascular network obtained from micro-computed tomography (μCT) to establish a mathematical model of the temporal molecular distribution within a murine C3H mammary carcinoma. PROCEDURES Female CDF1 mice with a C3H mammary carcinoma on the right rear foot were used in this study. Dynamic information for each tumour was achieved by Dynamic Contrast Enhanced-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) on a 16.4 T system. Detailed morphologic information on the tumour vasculature was obtained by ex vivo μCT and compared to CD34 immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections. The reconstructed vascular network served as origin for the diffusion (described by the apparent diffusion coefficient) within the tumour (the restricted volume described by the interstitial volume fraction derived from DCE-MRI). The resulting partial differential equation was solved using Finite-Element and a combined mathematical graph describing molecular distribution within the tumour was obtained. RESULTS The established molecular distribution model predicted a heterogeneous distribution throughout the tumour related to the layout of the vascular network. Central tumour section concentration-time curves estimated from the established molecular distribution model were compared with physical measurements obtained by DCE-MRI of the same tumours and showed excellent correlation. CONCLUSIONS A mathematical model describing temporal molecular distribution based on detailed vascular network structures was established and compared to DCE-MRI. The improved morphological insight will enhance future studies of heterogeneous tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rea Wittenborn
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, Building 5, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Nielsen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, Building 5, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 10G, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jesper Skovhus Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine - Anatomy, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael Robert Horsman
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, Building 5, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens Vinge Nygaard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Inge Lehmanns Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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18
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Quantification of Hepatic Vascular and Parenchymal Regeneration in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160581. [PMID: 27494255 PMCID: PMC4975469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver regeneration consists of cellular proliferation leading to parenchymal and vascular growth. This study complements previous studies on cellular proliferation and weight recovery by (1) quantitatively describing parenchymal and vascular regeneration, and (2) determining their relationship. Both together are needed to (3) characterize the underlying growth pattern. METHODS Specimens were created by injecting a polymerizing contrast agent in either portal or hepatic vein in normal or regenerating livers after 70% partial hepatectomy. 3D image data were obtained through micro-CT scanning. Parenchymal growth was assessed by determining weight and volume of the regenerating liver. Vascular growth was described by manually determined circumscribed parameters (maximal vessel length and radius of right inferior portal/hepatic vein), automatically determined cumulative parameters (total edge length and total vascular volume), and parameters describing vascular density (total edge length/volume, vascular volume fraction). The growth pattern was explored by comparing the relative increase of these parameters to the increase expected in case of isotropic expansion. RESULTS Liver volume recovery paralleled weight recovery and reached 90% of the original liver volume within 7 days. Comparing radius-related vascular parameters immediately after surgical resection and after virtual resection in-silico revealed a slight increase, possibly reflecting the effect of resection-induced portal hyperperfusion. Comparing length-related parameters between post-operative day 7 and after virtual resection showed similar vascular growth in both vascular systems investigated. In contrast, radius-related parameters increased slightly more in the portal vein. Despite the seemingly homogeneous 3D growth, the observed vascular parameters were not compatible with the hypothesis of isotropic expansion of liver parenchyma and vascular structures. CONCLUSION We present an approach for the quantitative analysis of the vascular systems of regenerating mouse livers. We applied this technique for assessing the hepatic growth pattern. Prospectively, this approach can be used to investigate hepatic vascular regeneration under different conditions.
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19
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Quent VM, Theodoropoulos C, Hutmacher DW, Reichert JC. Differential osteogenicity of multiple donor-derived human mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts in monolayer, scaffold-based 3D culture and in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 61:253-66. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2014-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We set out to compare the osteogenicity of human mesenchymal stem (hMSCs) and osteoblasts (hOBs). Upon osteogenic induction in monolayer, hMSCs showed superior matrix mineralization expressing characteristic bone-related genes. For scaffold cultures, both cell types presented spindle-shaped, osteoblast-like morphologies forming a dense, interconnected network of high viability. On the scaffolds, hOBs proliferated faster. A general upregulation of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), osteoprotegrin (OPG), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), sclerostin (SOST), and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) was observed for both cell types. Simultaneously, PTHrP, RANKL and DMP-1 expression decreased under osteogenic stimulation, while OPG and SOST increased significantly. Following transplantation into NOD/SCID mice, μCT and histology showed increased bone deposition with hOBs. The bone was vascularized, and amounts further increased for both cell types after recombinant human bone morphogenic protein 7 (rhBMP-7) addition also stimulating osteoclastogenesis. Complete bone organogenesis was evidenced by the presence of osteocytes and hematopoietic precursors. Our study results support the asking to develop 3D cellular models closely mimicking the functions of living tissues suitable for in vivo translation.
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20
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Woloszyk A, Liccardo D, Mitsiadis TA. Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Developing Vasculature within Stem Cell-Seeded Scaffolds Cultured in ovo. Front Physiol 2016; 7:146. [PMID: 27148081 PMCID: PMC4838783 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful tissue engineering requires functional vascularization of the three-dimensional constructs with the aim to serve as implants for tissue replacement and regeneration. The survival of the implant is only possible if the supply of oxygen and nutrients by developing capillaries from the host is established. The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay is a valuable tool to study the ingrowth and distribution of vessels into scaffolds composed by appropriate biomaterials and stem cell populations that are used in cell-based regenerative approaches. The developing vasculature of chicken embryos within cell-seeded scaffolds can be visualized with microcomputed tomography after intravenous injection of MicroFil®, which is a radiopaque contrast agent. Here, we provide a step-by-step protocol for the seeding of stem cells into silk fibroin scaffolds, the CAM culture conditions, the procedure of MicroFil® perfusion, and finally the microcomputed tomography scanning. Three-dimensional imaging of the vascularized tissue engineered constructs provides an important analytical tool for studying the potential of cell seeded scaffolds to attract vessels and form vascular networks, as well as for analyzing the number, density, length, branching, and diameter of vessels. This in ovo method can greatly help to screen implants that will be used for tissue regeneration purposes before their in vivo testing, thereby reducing the amount of animals needed for pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Woloszyk
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Centre for Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Liccardo
- Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Centre for Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Blery P, Pilet P, Bossche AV, Thery A, Guicheux J, Amouriq Y, Espitalier F, Mathieu N, Weiss P. Vascular imaging with contrast agent in hard and soft tissues using microcomputed-tomography. J Microsc 2015; 262:40-9. [PMID: 27002484 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization is essential for many tissues and is a main requisite for various tissue-engineering strategies. Different techniques are used for highlighting vasculature, in vivo and ex vivo, in 2-D or 3-D including histological staining, immunohistochemistry, radiography, angiography, microscopy, computed tomography (CT) or micro-CT, both stand-alone and synchrotron system. Vascularization can be studied with or without a contrast agent. This paper presents the results obtained with the latest Skyscan micro-CT (Skyscan 1272, Bruker, Belgium) following barium sulphate injection replacing the bloodstream in comparison with results obtained with a Skyscan In Vivo 1076. Different hard and soft tissues were perfused with contrast agent and were harvested. Samples were analysed using both forms of micro-CT, and improved results were shown using this new micro-CT. This study highlights the vasculature using micro-CT methods. The results obtained with the Skyscan 1272 are clearly defined compared to results obtained with Skyscan 1076. In particular, this instrument highlights the high number of small vessels, which were not seen before at lower resolution. This new micro-CT opens broader possibilities in detection and characterization of the 3-D vascular tree to assess vascular tissue engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Blery
- Inserm U791, LIOAD, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France.,Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Université de Nantes, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - P Pilet
- Inserm U791, LIOAD, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - A Vanden- Bossche
- Inserm U1059, Laboratoire de Biologie intégrative du Tissu Osseux, Faculté de Médecine, 15 rue Ambroise Paré, 42023 Saint-Etienne cedex
| | - A Thery
- Inserm U791, LIOAD, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France.,Service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Hôtel Dieu, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - J Guicheux
- Inserm U791, LIOAD, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Y Amouriq
- Inserm U791, LIOAD, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France.,Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Université de Nantes, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - F Espitalier
- Inserm U791, LIOAD, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France.,Service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Hôtel Dieu, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - N Mathieu
- IRSN Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN/PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, 31 avenue de la division Leclerc BP17, 92260 Fontenay aux roses, France
| | - P Weiss
- Inserm U791, LIOAD, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France.,Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Université de Nantes, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France
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22
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Weijie Z, Zhuo C, Sujuan M, Yonggang W, Fei Z, Keyi W, Chenguang Y, Xiuying P, Jianzhong M, Yuli W, Feifan L, Fen R, Yanbei K. Cistanche polysaccharide (CDPS)/polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds based coaxial electrospinning for vascular tissue engineering. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2015.1055629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Holzapfel BM, Hutmacher DW, Nowlan B, Barbier V, Thibaudeau L, Theodoropoulos C, Hooper JD, Loessner D, Clements JA, Russell PJ, Pettit AR, Winkler IG, Levesque JP. Tissue engineered humanized bone supports human hematopoiesis in vivo. Biomaterials 2015; 61:103-14. [PMID: 26001075 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advances in tissue-engineering have resulted in a versatile tool-box to specifically design a tailored microenvironment for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in order to study diseases that develop within this setting. However, most current in vivo models fail to recapitulate the biological processes seen in humans. Here we describe a highly reproducible method to engineer humanized bone constructs that are able to recapitulate the morphological features and biological functions of the HSC niches. Ectopic implantation of biodegradable composite scaffolds cultured for 4 weeks with human mesenchymal progenitor cells and loaded with rhBMP-7 resulted in the development of a chimeric bone organ including a large number of human mesenchymal cells which were shown to be metabolically active and capable of establishing a humanized microenvironment supportive of the homing and maintenance of human HSCs. A syngeneic mouse-to-mouse transplantation assay was used to prove the functionality of the tissue-engineered ossicles. We predict that the ability to tissue engineer a morphologically intact and functional large-volume bone organ with a humanized bone marrow compartment will help to further elucidate physiological or pathological interactions between human HSCs and their native niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris M Holzapfel
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4049, Brisbane, Australia; Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Brettreichstr. 11, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4049, Brisbane, Australia; George W Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive Northwest, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 2a, 85748 Garching, Munich, Germany.
| | - Bianca Nowlan
- Stem Cell Biology Group and Stem Cells and Cancer Group - Blood and Bone Diseases Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Valerie Barbier
- Stem Cell Biology Group and Stem Cells and Cancer Group - Blood and Bone Diseases Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Laure Thibaudeau
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4049, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christina Theodoropoulos
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4049, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John D Hooper
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4049, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith A Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pamela J Russell
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia; Cells and Tissue Domain, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4049, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Bones and Immunology Group - Blood and Bone Diseases Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ingrid G Winkler
- Stem Cell Biology Group and Stem Cells and Cancer Group - Blood and Bone Diseases Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Levesque
- Stem Cell Biology Group and Stem Cells and Cancer Group - Blood and Bone Diseases Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Brisbane, Australia.
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24
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A comparison of polymer and polymer-hydroxyapatite composite tissue engineered scaffolds for use in bone regeneration. Anin vitroandin vivostudy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:2613-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Suva LJ, Gaddy D. Imaging bone blood perfusion: not just going with the flow. Bone 2013; 55:427-8. [PMID: 23624074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Liu D, Zhuang J, Shuai C, Peng S. Mechanical properties' improvement of a tricalcium phosphate scaffold with poly-l-lactic acid in selective laser sintering. Biofabrication 2013; 5:025005. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/5/2/025005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Liu Y, Teoh SH, Chong MSK, Yeow CH, Kamm RD, Choolani M, Chan JKY. Contrasting effects of vasculogenic induction upon biaxial bioreactor stimulation of mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells cocultures in three-dimensional scaffolds under in vitro and in vivo paradigms for vascularized bone tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 19:893-904. [PMID: 23102089 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical translation of bone tissue engineering approaches for fracture repair has been hampered by inadequate vascularization required for maintaining cell survival, skeletal regeneration, and remodeling. The potential of vasculature formation within tissue-engineered grafts depends on various factors, including an appropriate choice of scaffold and its microarchitectural design for the support of tissue ingrowth and vessel infiltration, vasculogenic potential of cell types and mechanostimulation on cells to enhance cytokine expression. Here, we demonstrated the effect of biomechanical stimulation on vasculogenic and bone-forming capacity of umbilical-cord-blood endothelial progenitor cells (UCB-EPC) and human fetal bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hfMSC) seeded within macroporous scaffolds and cocultured dynamically in a biaxial bioreactor. Dynamically cultured EPC/hfMSC constructs generated greater mineralization and calcium deposition consistently over 14 days of culture (1.7-fold on day 14; p<0.05). However, in vitro vessel formation was not observed as compared to an extensive EPC-vessel network formed under static culture on day 7. Subsequent subcutaneous implantations in NOD/SCID mice showed 1.4-fold higher human:mouse cell chimerism (p<0.001), with a more even cellular distribution throughout the dynamically cultured scaffolds. In addition, there was earlier evidence of vessel infiltration into the scaffold and a trend toward increased ectopic bone formation, suggesting improved efficacy and cellular survival through early vascularization upon biomechanical stimulation. The integrative use of bioreactor culture systems with macroporous scaffolds and cocultured osteogenic and vasculogenic cells promotes maturation of EPC/hfMSC-scaffold grafts necessary for vascularized bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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28
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Micro-Computed Tomography for Hemorrhage Disruption of Mouse Brain Vasculature. Transl Stroke Res 2012; 3:174-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-012-0164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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29
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Zou D, Zhang Z, Ye D, Tang A, Deng L, Han W, Zhao J, Wang S, Zhang W, Zhu C, Zhou J, He J, Wang Y, Xu F, Huang Y, Jiang X. Repair of critical-sized rat calvarial defects using genetically engineered bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Stem Cells 2012; 29:1380-90. [PMID: 21774039 DOI: 10.1002/stem.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The processes of angiogenesis and bone formation are coupled both temporally and spatially during bone repair. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been effectively used to heal critical-size bone defects. Enhancing their ability to undergo angiogenic and osteogenic differentiation will enhance their potential use in bone regeneration. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has recently been identified as a major regulator of angiogenic-osteogenic coupling. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that HIF-1α gene therapy could be used to promote the repair of critical-sized bone defects. Using lentivirus-mediated delivery of wild-type (HIF) or constitutively active HIF-1α (cHIF), we found that in cultured BMSCs in vitro, HIF and cHIF significantly enhanced osteogenic and angiogenic mRNA and protein expression when compared with the LacZ group. We found that HIF-1α-overexpressing BMSCs dramatically improved the repair of critical-sized calvarial defects, including increased bone volume, bone mineral density, blood vessel number, and blood vessel area in vivo. These data confirm the essential role of HIF-1α modified BMSCs in angiogenesis and osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duohong Zou
- School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Suva LJ. Imaging the vasculature by microCT; ain't no bones about it. Bone 2012; 50:400. [PMID: 21964410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larry J Suva
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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31
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Tare RS, Mitchell PD, Kanczler J, Oreffo ROC. Isolation, differentiation, and characterisation of skeletal stem cells from human bone marrow in vitro and in vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 816:83-99. [PMID: 22130924 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-415-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, we describe techniques for the isolation and characterization of skeletal stem cells from human bone marrow. The methods for enrichment of STRO-1 positive cells using magnetic activated cell sorting are described and we also cover techniques for establishing and characterising osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic cultures from these cells. Finally, we present methods for studying the ability of these cells to produce bone in vivo using diffusion chambers which have been implanted subcutaneously in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Tare
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton Medical School, Southampton, UK
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32
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Roche B, David V, Vanden-Bossche A, Peyrin F, Malaval L, Vico L, Lafage-Proust MH. Structure and quantification of microvascularisation within mouse long bones: what and how should we measure? Bone 2012; 50:390-9. [PMID: 22019874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow vascularisation is involved in both remodeling and hematopoïesis. Challenged mouse models often require imaging and quantitative assessment of blood vessels and bone cell activities for a better understanding of the role of the vascular system. In this study we compared images of mouse hind limb long bone vascularisation after infusion of either barium sulfate or lead chromate-loaded silicon. The images were then analyzed through histology as well as low-resolution and synchrotron-radiation microtomography. We show that barium sulfate infusion provides the best vessel images and furthermore, that it is compatible with staining procedures used in bone histomorphometry and CD31 immunohistochemistry. Bone marrow vascularisation displays large structural and spatial distribution heterogeneity, including large lobular clusters of sinusoids and an unexpectedly substantial amount of capillaries in the adipocytes-rich distal third of the tibia. For an unbiased assessment of bone vascular development/changes, these features must be taken into account. We describe the conditions under which the quantification of microvascularisation on histological sections of barium-infused long bones is reproducible, as applied to seven-month-old male C57/Bl6J and mixed CD1/129Sv/J mice, and we propose a nomenclature for the histological parameters measured. Finally, we validate our technique by studying the effect of ovariectomy on mouse tibial vascular density.
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33
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Zou D, Zhang Z, He J, Zhang K, Ye D, Han W, Zhou J, Wang Y, Li Q, Liu X, Zhang X, Wang S, Hu J, Zhu C, Zhang W, zhou Y, Fu H, Huang Y, Jiang X. Blood vessel formation in the tissue-engineered bone with the constitutively active form of HIF-1α mediated BMSCs. Biomaterials 2011; 33:2097-108. [PMID: 22172336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The successful clinical outcome of the implanted tissue-engineered bone is dependent on the establishment of a functional vascular network. A gene-enhanced tissue engineering represents a promising approach for vascularization. Our previous study indicated that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) can up-regulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The angiogenesis is a co-ordinated process that requires the participation of multiple angiogenic factors. To further explore the angiogenic effect of HIF-1α mediated stem cells, in this study, we systematically evaluated the function of HIF-1α in enhancing BMSCs angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. A constitutively active form of HIF-1α (CA5) was inserted into a lentivirus vector and transduced into BMSCs, and its effect on vascularization and vascular remodeling was further evaluated in a rat critical-sized calvarial defects model with a gelatin sponge (GS) scaffold. The expression of the key angiogenic factors including VEGF, SDF-1, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), placental growth factor (PLGF), angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1), and stem cell factor (SCF) at both mRNAs and proteins levels in BMSCs were significantly enhanced by HIF-1α overexpression compared to the in vitro control group. In addition, HIF-1α-over expressing BMSCs showed dramatically improved blood vessel formation in the tissue-engineered bone as analyzed by photography of specimen, micro-CT, and histology. These data confirm the important role of HIF-1α in angiogenesis in tissue-engineered bone. Improved understanding of the mechanisms of angiogenesis may offer exciting therapeutic opportunities for vascularization, vascular remodeling, and bone defect repair using tissue engineering strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duohong Zou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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34
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Walker EJ, Shen F, Young WL, Su H. Cerebrovascular casting of the adult mouse for 3D imaging and morphological analysis. J Vis Exp 2011:e2958. [PMID: 22143104 PMCID: PMC3235703 DOI: 10.3791/2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular imaging is crucial in the clinical diagnosis and management of cerebrovascular diseases, such as brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs). Animal models are necessary for studying the etiopathology and potential therapies of cerebrovascular diseases. Imaging the vasculature in large animals is relatively easy. However, developing vessel imaging methods of murine brain disease models is desirable due to the cost and availability of genetically-modified mouse lines. Imaging the murine cerebral vascular tree is a challenge. In humans and larger animals, the gold standard for assessing the angioarchitecture at the macrovascular (conductance) level is x-ray catheter contrast-based angiography, a method not suited for small rodents. In this article, we present a method of cerebrovascular casting that produces a durable skeleton of the entire vascular bed, including arteries, veins, and capillaries that may be analyzed using many different modalities. Complete casting of the microvessels of the mouse cerebrovasculature can be difficult; however, these challenges are addressed in this step-by-step protocol. Through intracardial perfusion of the vascular casting material, all vessels of the body are casted. The brain can then be removed and clarified using the organic solvent methyl salicylate. Three dimensional imaging of the brain blood vessels can be visualized simply and inexpensively with any conventional brightfield microscope or dissecting microscope. The casted cerebrovasculature can also be imaged and quantified using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT)1. In addition, after being imaged, the casted brain can be embedded in paraffin for histological analysis. The benefit of this vascular casting method as compared to other techniques is its broad adaptation to various analytic tools, including brightfield microscopic analysis, CT scanning due to the radiopaque characteristic of the material, as well as histological and immunohistochemical analysis. This efficient use of tissue can save animal usage and reduce costs. We have recently demonstrated application of this method to visualize the irregular blood vessels in a mouse model of adult BAVM at a microscopic level2, and provide additional images of the malformed vessels imaged by micro-CT scan. Although this method has drawbacks and may not be ideal for all types of analyses, it is a simple, practical technique that can be easily learned and widely applied to vascular casting of blood vessels throughout the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espen J Walker
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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35
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Sun XJ, Peng W, Yang ZL, Ren ML, Zhang SC, Zhang WG, Zhang LY, Xiao K, Wang ZG, Zhang B, Wang J. Heparin-Chitosan-Coated Acellular Bone Matrix Enhances Perfusion of Blood and Vascularization in Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:2369-78. [PMID: 21548841 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-jun Sun
- Department 4, Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, China
- 89th Hospital of PLA, Wei fang, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department 4, Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, China
- 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zai-liang Yang
- Department 4, Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming-liang Ren
- Department 4, Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-chang Zhang
- Department 4, Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-guo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lian-yang Zhang
- Trauma Center of PLA, Research Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department 4, Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng-guo Wang
- Department 4, Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department 4, Research Institute of Field Surgery, Third Military Medical University, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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36
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Dawson JI, Kanczler JM, Yang XB, Attard GS, Oreffo ROC. Clay gels for the delivery of regenerative microenvironments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:3304-3308. [PMID: 21661063 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan I Dawson
- Bone and Joint Research, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
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37
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Behr B, Sorkin M, Manu A, Lehnhardt M, Longaker MT, Quarto N. Fgf-18 is required for osteogenesis but not angiogenesis during long bone repair. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:2061-9. [PMID: 21457097 PMCID: PMC3142654 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a complex event that requires the interaction of numerous growth factors. Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-ligands have been previously described for their importance in osteogenesis during development. In the current study, we investigated the role of Fgf-18 during bone regeneration. By utilizing a unicortical tibial defect model, we revealed that mice haploinsufficient for Fgf-18 have a markedly reduced healing capacity as compared with wild-type mice. Reduced levels of Runx2 and Osteocalcin but not Vegfa accompanied the impaired bone regeneration. Interestingly, our data indicated that upon injury angiogenesis was not impaired in Fgf-18(+/-) mice. Moreover, other Fgf-ligands and Bmp-2 could not compensate for the loss of Fgf-18. Finally, application of FGF-18 protein was able to rescue the impaired healing in Fgf-18(+/-) mice. Thus, we identified Fgf-18 as an important mediator of bone regeneration, which is required during later stages of bone regeneration. This study provides hints on how to engineering efficiently programmed bony tissue for long bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Behr
- Hagey Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- BG-Unfallklinik Ludwigshafen, Department of Plastic- and Handsurgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Sorkin
- Hagey Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Alina Manu
- Hagey Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Marcus Lehnhardt
- BG-Unfallklinik Ludwigshafen, Department of Plastic- and Handsurgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Natalina Quarto
- Hagey Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso M. S. Angelo, Napoli, Italy
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38
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Abstract
This paper reviews the possibilities offered by X-ray micro-CT in bone tissue engineering. This technique provides a fast, nondestructive, and 3D quantification of bone scaffolds, bone ingrowth, and microvascularization. Synchrotron radiation absorption and phase micro-CT offer additional advantages to image newly formed bone in bioceramic scaffolds and pre-bone matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Peyrin
- INSERM U1044, CREATIS; CNRS UMR 5220; INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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39
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Rath SN, Pryymachuk G, Bleiziffer OA, Lam CXF, Arkudas A, Ho STB, Beier JP, Horch RE, Hutmacher DW, Kneser U. Hyaluronan-based heparin-incorporated hydrogels for generation of axially vascularized bioartificial bone tissues: in vitro and in vivo evaluation in a PLDLLA-TCP-PCL-composite system. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:1279-1291. [PMID: 21448669 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Smart matrices are required in bone tissue-engineered grafts that provide an optimal environment for cells and retain osteo-inductive factors for sustained biological activity. We hypothesized that a slow-degrading heparin-incorporated hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel can preserve BMP-2; while an arterio-venous (A-V) loop can support axial vascularization to provide nutrition for a bio-artificial bone graft. HA was evaluated for osteoblast growth and BMP-2 release. Porous PLDLLA-TCP-PCL scaffolds were produced by rapid prototyping technology and applied in vivo along with HA-hydrogel, loaded with either primary osteoblasts or BMP-2. A microsurgically created A-V loop was placed around the scaffold, encased in an isolation chamber in Lewis rats. HA-hydrogel supported growth of osteoblasts over 8 weeks and allowed sustained release of BMP-2 over 35 days. The A-V loop provided an angiogenic stimulus with the formation of vascularized tissue in the scaffolds. Bone-specific genes were detected by real time RT-PCR after 8 weeks. However, no significant amount of bone was observed histologically. The heterotopic isolation chamber in combination with absent biomechanical stimulation might explain the insufficient bone formation despite adequate expression of bone-related genes. Optimization of the interplay of osteogenic cells and osteo-inductive factors might eventually generate sufficient amounts of axially vascularized bone grafts for reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha N Rath
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Erlangen Medical Center, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Obenaus A, Hayes P. Drill hole defects: induction, imaging, and analysis in the rodent. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 690:301-14. [PMID: 21043001 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-962-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Advances in stem therapy, scaffolds, and therapeutic biomolecules are accelerating bone repair research, and model systems are required to test new methods and concepts. The drill hole defect is one such model and is used to study a variety of bone defects and potential therapies designed to repair these injuries. We detail the methodologies required to successfully generate and evaluate drill hole defects. Although performing a successful drill hole defect requires patience and dexterity, investing the time to perfect the technique will provide ample opportunity for the researcher to expand his/her particular research interests. Mastering this technique will allow testing of stem cell therapies, novel scaffold designs, and biomolecules that can be used for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Obenaus
- Non-Invasive Imaging Laboratory, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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Sider KL, Song J, Davies JE. A new bone vascular perfusion compound for the simultaneous analysis of bone and vasculature. Microsc Res Tech 2010; 73:665-72. [PMID: 19941297 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a highly vascular tissue, which plays an important role in bone development and healing. The ability to analyze both the bone and vasculature simultaneously can enhance the understanding of wound healing, development, and disease in bone. At present, analysis methods are limited in their ability to allow for this simultaneous analysis of bone and bone vasculature in three dimensions, without using the most recent dual-energy computed tomography (CT) techniques. In this study, we present a new barium sulfate (BaSO(4)) radiopaque vascular perfusion compound for performing postmortem microangiography with single-beam microcomputed tomography (microCT), which allows for such simultaneous analysis. This compound differs from currently available contrast mediums due to (1) the high weight-to-volume ratio of BaSO(4) achieved, (2) small BaSO(4) aggregate size (<5 microm), (3) minimal additives, and (4) its miscibility with blood and saline. Most notably, it achieves a radiodensity of 2.4x that of cortical bone, with high perfusion of both the arterial and venous systems and the intervening capillary bed, resulting in an in vivo radiodensity that ranges from that of bone to titanium. Our results, verified using a rat femoral gap-healing model, show that the compound is uniquely suited to high-contrast imaging of the vasculature in the presence of undecalcified bone, with a versatility to be used in other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista L Sider
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sun Y, Feng Y, Zhang C, Cheng X, Chen S, Ai Z, Zeng B. Beneficial effect of autologous transplantation of endothelial progenitor cells on steroid-induced femoral head osteonecrosis in rabbits. Cell Transplant 2010; 20:233-43. [PMID: 20719092 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x522234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Femoral head osteonecrosis (ON) is a serious complication of steroid administration. We examined whether implantation of autologous bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can augment neovascularization and bone regeneration in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Forty 12-week-old male New-Zealand white rabbits were divided into group I (left untreated, n=12), group II (core decompression, n=12), and group III (core decompression + autologous EPCs implantation, n=16) after receiving an established inductive protocol for inducing steroid-associated ON. Four weeks later, these rabbits were euthanized, bilateral femora were dissected for Micro-CT-based microangiography to assess vascularization, and then the osteonecrotic changes and repair processes were examined histopathologically. Quantitative analysis showed that new vessel formation in group III was significantly greater compared with other groups at 4 weeks after treatment. The histologic and histomorphometric analyses revealed that the new bone volume was significantly higher in group III than in groups I and II 4 weeks after treatment. A combination of EPCs and core decompression enhances the neovascularization and bone regeneration in rabbit steroid-induced femoral head ON. Local implantation of EPCs may provide a novel and effective therapeutic option for early corticosteroid-induced ON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Bouxsein ML, Boyd SK, Christiansen BA, Guldberg RE, Jepsen KJ, Müller R. Guidelines for assessment of bone microstructure in rodents using micro-computed tomography. J Bone Miner Res 2010; 25:1468-86. [PMID: 20533309 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3060] [Impact Index Per Article: 218.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Use of high-resolution micro-computed tomography (microCT) imaging to assess trabecular and cortical bone morphology has grown immensely. There are several commercially available microCT systems, each with different approaches to image acquisition, evaluation, and reporting of outcomes. This lack of consistency makes it difficult to interpret reported results and to compare findings across different studies. This article addresses this critical need for standardized terminology and consistent reporting of parameters related to image acquisition and analysis, and key outcome assessments, particularly with respect to ex vivo analysis of rodent specimens. Thus the guidelines herein provide recommendations regarding (1) standardized terminology and units, (2) information to be included in describing the methods for a given experiment, and (3) a minimal set of outcome variables that should be reported. Whereas the specific research objective will determine the experimental design, these guidelines are intended to ensure accurate and consistent reporting of microCT-derived bone morphometry and density measurements. In particular, the methods section for papers that present microCT-based outcomes must include details of the following scan aspects: (1) image acquisition, including the scanning medium, X-ray tube potential, and voxel size, as well as clear descriptions of the size and location of the volume of interest and the method used to delineate trabecular and cortical bone regions, and (2) image processing, including the algorithms used for image filtration and the approach used for image segmentation. Morphometric analyses should be based on 3D algorithms that do not rely on assumptions about the underlying structure whenever possible. When reporting microCT results, the minimal set of variables that should be used to describe trabecular bone morphometry includes bone volume fraction and trabecular number, thickness, and separation. The minimal set of variables that should be used to describe cortical bone morphometry includes total cross-sectional area, cortical bone area, cortical bone area fraction, and cortical thickness. Other variables also may be appropriate depending on the research question and technical quality of the scan. Standard nomenclature, outlined in this article, should be followed for reporting of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Bouxsein
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Fei J, Jia F, Peyrin F, Françoise P, Malaval L, Vico L, Laurence V, Lafage-Proust MH, Marie-Hélène LP. Imaging and quantitative assessment of long bone vascularization in the adult rat using microcomputed tomography. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:215-24. [PMID: 19957340 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop and validate a technique for both 3D imaging and quantification of the vascular network of bone tissue in the rat. Five month-old male Wistar rats were divided into tail-suspension (21 days) and control groups. Sixty percent barium sulfate solution was infused into the vena cava. The tibiae were evaluated in 2D and 3D before and after decalcification, using conventional microcomputerized tomography (muCT) at 10 and 5 mum resolution and synchrotron radiation (SR) muCT. The perfusion technique and tomography exhibited excellent bone vasculature imaging. Significant positive correlations were observed between 2D histomorphometric and 3D muCT vascular parameters (P < 0.05). 3DmuCT discriminated significant changes of vessel structures in unloading condition: vessel number decreased by 25%, (P < 0.005), vessel separation increased by 27%, P < 0.01. SRmuCT could image sinusoid clusters in bone. muCT is an accurate and reproducible technique for 3D quantitative evaluation of long bone vascularisation in the rat.
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Abstract
Background A major cause of osteonecrosis of the femoral head is interruption of a blood supply to the proximal femur. In order to evaluate blood circulation and pathogenetic alterations, a pig femoral head osteonecrosis model was examined to address whether ligature of the femoral neck (vasculature deprivation) induces a reduction of blood circulation in the femoral head, and whether transphyseal vessels exist for communications between the epiphysis and the metaphysis. We also tested the hypothesis that the vessels surrounding the femoral neck and the ligamentum teres represent the primary source of blood flow to the femoral head. Methods Avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head was induced in Yorkshire pigs by transecting the ligamentum teres and placing two ligatures around the femoral neck. After heparinized saline infusion and microfil perfusion via the abdominal aorta, blood circulation in the femoral head was evaluated by optical and CT imaging. Results An angiogram of the microfil casted sample allowed identification of the major blood vessels to the proximal femur including the iliac, common femoral, superficial femoral, deep femoral and circumflex arteries. Optical imaging in the femoral neck showed that a microfil stained vessel network was visible in control sections but less noticeable in necrotic sections. CT images showed a lack of microfil staining in the epiphysis. Furthermore, no transphyseal vessels were observed to link the epiphysis to the metaphysis. Conclusion Optical and CT imaging analyses revealed that in this present pig model the ligatures around the femoral neck were the primary cause of induction of avascular osteonecrosis. Since the vessels surrounding the femoral neck are comprised of the branches of the medial and the lateral femoral circumflex vessels, together with the extracapsular arterial ring and the lateral epiphyseal arteries, augmentation of blood circulation in those arteries will improve pathogenetic alterations in the necrotic femoral head. Our pig model can be used for further femoral head osteonecrosis studies.
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Tare RS, Kanczler J, Aarvold A, Jones AMH, Dunlop DG, Oreffo ROC. Skeletal stem cells and bone regeneration: Translational strategies from bench to clinic. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2010; 224:1455-70. [DOI: 10.1243/09544119jeim750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinical imperatives for new bone to replace or restore the function of traumatized or bone lost as a consequence of age or disease has led to the need for therapies or procedures to generate bone for skeletal applications. Tissue regeneration promises to deliver specifiable replacement tissues and the prospect of efficacious alternative therapies for orthopaedic applications such as non-union fractures, healing of critical sized segmental defects and regeneration of articular cartilage in degenerative joint diseases. In this paper we review the current understanding of the continuum of cell development from skeletal stem cells, osteoprogenitors through to mature osteoblasts and the role of the matrix microenvironment, vasculature and factors that control their fate and plasticity in skeletal regeneration. Critically, this review addresses in vitro and in vivo models to investigate laboratory and clinical based strategies for the development of new technologies for skeletal repair and the key translational points to clinical success. The application of developmental paradigms of musculoskeletal tissue formation specifically, understanding developmental biology of bone formation particularly in the adult context of injury and disease will, we propose, offer new insights into skeletal cell biology and tissue regeneration allowing for the critical integration of stem cell science, tissue engineering and clinical applications. Such interdisciplinary, iterative approaches will be critical in taking patient aspirations to clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Tare
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - J Kanczler
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - A Aarvold
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - A M H Jones
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - D G Dunlop
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - R O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Multilevel Experimental and Modelling Techniques for Bioartificial Scaffolds and Matrices. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY IN NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-03535-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sun Y, Feng Y, Zhang C. The effect of bone marrow mononuclear cells on vascularization and bone regeneration in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Joint Bone Spine 2009; 76:685-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhang ZY, Teoh SH, Chong MSK, Lee ESM, Tan LG, Mattar CN, Fisk NM, Choolani M, Chan J. Neo-vascularization and bone formation mediated by fetal mesenchymal stem cell tissue-engineered bone grafts in critical-size femoral defects. Biomaterials 2009; 31:608-20. [PMID: 19836073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered bone grafts (TEBG) require highly osteogenic cell sources for use in fracture repair applications. Compared to other sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), human fetal MSC (hfMSC) have recently been shown to be more proliferative and osteogenic. We studied the functional performance of hfMSC-mediated TEBG in 7 mm rat femoral critical-sized bone defects (CSD). Dynamically-cultured and osteogenically-primed hfMSC seeded onto macroporous poly-epsilon-caprolactone tri-calcium phosphate scaffolds were transplanted into CSDs. After 12 weeks, hfMSC-mediated TEBG induced 2.1x more new bone formation (43.3+/-10.5 vs. 21.0+/-7.4 mm(3), p<0.05), with greater compact and woven bone, and a 9.8x increase in stiffness (3.9+/-1.7 vs. 0.4+/-0.3 mNm/degree, p<0.05) compared to acellular scaffolds, such that only animals transplanted with TEBG underwent full fracture repair of the CSD. Although hfMSC survived for <4 weeks, by 4 weeks they were associated with a 3.9x larger vasculature network in the defect area (35.2+/-11.1 vs. 6.5+/-3.6 mm(3)p<0.05), suggesting an important role for hfMSC in the promotion of neo-vasculogenesis. We speculate that hfMSC-mediated healing of the CSD by stimulating neo-vascularization through as yet undetermined mechanisms. This proof-of-principle study demonstrates the utility of primitive MSC for bone regeneration, and may be of relevance to vascularization in other areas of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Zhang
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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