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Jung Y, Ay B, Cyr SM, Tognoni CM, Klovdahl K, Matthias J, Cui Q, Brooks DJ, Bouxsein ML, Carreras I, Dedeoglu A, Bastepe M. Amyloid-β neuropathology induces bone loss in male mice by suppressing bone formation and enhancing bone resorption. Bone Rep 2024; 21:101771. [PMID: 38725879 PMCID: PMC11078651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis often coexist in the elderly. Although observational studies suggest an association between these two diseases, the pathophysiologic link between AD and skeletal health has been poorly defined. We examined the skeletal phenotype of 5xFAD mice, an AD model with accelerated neuron-specific amyloid-β accumulation causing full-blown AD phenotype by the age of 8 months. Micro-computed tomography indicated significantly lower trabecular and cortical bone parameters in 8-month-old male, but not female, 5xFAD mice than sex-matched wild-type littermates. Dynamic histomorphometry revealed reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption, and quantitative RT-PCR showed elevated skeletal RANKL gene expression in 5xFAD males. These mice also had diminished body fat percentage with unaltered lean mass, as determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and elevated Ucp1 mRNA levels in brown adipose tissue, consistent with increased sympathetic tone, which may contribute to the osteopenia observed in 5xFAD males. Nevertheless, no significant changes could be detected between male 5xFAD and wild-type littermates regarding the serum and skeletal concentrations of norepinephrine. Thus, brain-specific amyloid-β pathology is associated with osteopenia and appears to affect both bone formation and bone resorption. Our findings shed new light on the pathophysiologic link between Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghun Jung
- The Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Birol Ay
- The Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sajin M. Cyr
- The Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christina M. Tognoni
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kaitlin Klovdahl
- The Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Julia Matthias
- The Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Qiuxia Cui
- The Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel J. Brooks
- The Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mary L. Bouxsein
- The Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Isabel Carreras
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alpaslan Dedeoglu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA 02114, USA
| | - Murat Bastepe
- The Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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2
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Kikyo N. Circadian Regulation of Bone Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4717. [PMID: 38731934 PMCID: PMC11083221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult bones are continuously remodeled by the balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and subsequent bone formation by osteoblasts. Many studies have provided molecular evidence that bone remodeling is under the control of circadian rhythms. Circadian fluctuations have been reported in the serum and urine levels of bone turnover markers, such as digested collagen fragments and bone alkaline phosphatase. Additionally, the expressions of over a quarter of all transcripts in bones show circadian rhythmicity, including the genes encoding master transcription factors for osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, osteogenic cytokines, and signaling pathway proteins. Serum levels of calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin also display circadian rhythmicity. Finally, osteoblast- and osteoclast-specific knockout mice targeting the core circadian regulator gene Bmal1 show disrupted bone remodeling, although the results have not always been consistent. Despite these studies, however, establishing a direct link between circadian rhythms and bone remodeling in vivo remains a major challenge. It is nearly impossible to repeatedly collect bone materials from human subjects while following circadian changes. In addition, the differences in circadian gene regulation between diurnal humans and nocturnal mice, the main model organism, remain unclear. Filling the knowledge gap in the circadian regulation of bone remodeling could reveal novel regulatory mechanisms underlying many bone disorders including osteoporosis, genetic diseases, and fracture healing. This is also an important question for the basic understanding of how cell differentiation progresses under the influence of cyclically fluctuating environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Kikyo
- Stem Cell Institute, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Huang J, Wu T, Jiang YR, Zheng XQ, Wang H, Liu H, Wang H, Leng HJ, Fan DW, Yuan WQ, Song CL. β-Receptor blocker enhances the anabolic effect of PTH after osteoporotic fracture. Bone Res 2024; 12:18. [PMID: 38514644 PMCID: PMC10958005 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating bone metabolism, with sympathetic activation stimulating bone resorption and inhibiting bone formation. We found that fractures lead to increased sympathetic tone, enhanced osteoclast resorption, decreased osteoblast formation, and thus hastened systemic bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. However, the combined administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the β-receptor blocker propranolol dramatically promoted systemic bone formation and osteoporotic fracture healing in OVX mice. The effect of this treatment is superior to that of treatment with PTH or propranolol alone. In vitro, the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) suppressed PTH-induced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, which was rescued by propranolol. Moreover, NE decreased the PTH-induced expression of Runx2 but enhanced the expression of Rankl and the effect of PTH-stimulated osteoblasts on osteoclastic differentiation, whereas these effects were reversed by propranolol. Furthermore, PTH increased the expression of the circadian clock gene Bmal1, which was inhibited by NE-βAR signaling. Bmal1 knockdown blocked the rescue effect of propranolol on the NE-induced decrease in PTH-stimulated osteoblast differentiation. Taken together, these results suggest that propranolol enhances the anabolic effect of PTH in preventing systemic bone loss following osteoporotic fracture by blocking the negative effects of sympathetic signaling on PTH anabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Rong Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan-Qi Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, 100191, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Jie Leng
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, 100191, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Wei Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, 100191, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Qiong Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, 100191, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Li Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, 100191, Beijing, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, 100191, Beijing, China.
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Zhang L, Zhang C, Zheng J, Wang Y, Wei X, Yang Y, Zhao Q. miR-155-5p/Bmal1 Modulates the Senescence and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mouse BMSCs through the Hippo Signaling Pathway. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:554-567. [PMID: 38150082 PMCID: PMC10837250 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The core clock gene brain and muscle ARNT like-1 (Bmal1) is involved in the regulation of bone tissue aging. However, current studies are mostly limited to the establishment of the association between Bmal1 and bone senescence, without in-depth exploration of its main upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms. METHODS The luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the interaction between miR-155-5p and Bmal1. The effects of miR-155-5p and Bmal1 on the aging and osteogenic differentiation ability of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were investigated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, β-gal staining, alkaline phosphatase quantitative assay and alizarin red staining in vitro. The potential molecular mechanism was identified by ChIP-Seq, RNA-seq database analysis and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The expression of Bmal1 declined with age, while the miR-155-5p was increased. miR-155-5p and Bmal1 repressed each other's expression, and miR-155-5p targeted the Bmal1. Besides, miR-155-5p inhibited the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, promoted cell apoptosis and senescence, inhibited the expression and nuclear translocation of YAP and TAZ. However, Bmal1 facilitated the osteogenic differentiation and suppressed the aging of BMSCs, meanwhile inactivated the Hippo pathway. Moreover, YAP inhibitors abrogated the positive regulation of aging and osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs by miR-155-5p and Bmal1. CONCLUSION In mouse BMSCs, miR-155-5p and Bmal1 regulated the aging and osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs mainly through the Hippo signaling pathway. Our findings provide new insights for the interventions in bone aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxin Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chengxiaoxue Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiawen Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Stomatology, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 18, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Novais EJ, Narayanan R, Canseco JA, van de Wetering K, Kepler CK, Hilibrand AS, Vaccaro AR, Risbud MV. A new perspective on intervertebral disc calcification-from bench to bedside. Bone Res 2024; 12:3. [PMID: 38253615 PMCID: PMC10803356 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Disc degeneration primarily contributes to chronic low back and neck pain. Consequently, there is an urgent need to understand the spectrum of disc degeneration phenotypes such as fibrosis, ectopic calcification, herniation, or mixed phenotypes. Amongst these phenotypes, disc calcification is the least studied. Ectopic calcification, by definition, is the pathological mineralization of soft tissues, widely studied in the context of conditions that afflict vasculature, skin, and cartilage. Clinically, disc calcification is associated with poor surgical outcomes and back pain refractory to conservative treatment. It is frequently seen as a consequence of disc aging and progressive degeneration but exhibits unique molecular and morphological characteristics: hypertrophic chondrocyte-like cell differentiation; TNAP, ENPP1, and ANK upregulation; cell death; altered Pi and PPi homeostasis; and local inflammation. Recent studies in mouse models have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this phenotype. It is essential to recognize that the presentation and nature of mineralization differ between AF, NP, and EP compartments. Moreover, the combination of anatomic location, genetics, and environmental stressors, such as aging or trauma, govern the predisposition to calcification. Lastly, the systemic regulation of calcium and Pi metabolism is less important than the local activity of PPi modulated by the ANK-ENPP1 axis, along with disc cell death and differentiation status. While there is limited understanding of this phenotype, understanding the molecular pathways governing local intervertebral disc calcification may lead to developing disease-modifying drugs and better clinical management of degeneration-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel J Novais
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Unidade Local de Saúde do Litoral Alentejano, Orthopedic Department, Santiago do Cacém, Portugal
| | - Rajkishen Narayanan
- Rothman Orthopedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jose A Canseco
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Rothman Orthopedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher K Kepler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Rothman Orthopedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alan S Hilibrand
- Rothman Orthopedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander R Vaccaro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Rothman Orthopedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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Zhang Y, Ma J, Bao X, Hu M, Wei X. The role of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors in skeletal diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1302736. [PMID: 38027103 PMCID: PMC10664752 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1302736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis, depending on the balance between bone formation and bone resorption, is responsible for maintaining the proper structure and function of the skeletal system. As an important group of transcription factors, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs) have been reported to play important roles in bone homeostasis by regulating the transcription of target genes in skeletal cells. On the other hand, the dysregulation of RORs often leads to various skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and osteoarthritis (OA). Herein, we summarized the roles and mechanisms of RORs in skeletal diseases, aiming to provide evidence for potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xingfu Bao
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoxi Wei
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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7
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Wei JM, Tu SQ, Wang YX, Zhang S, Feng Y, Ai H, Chen Z. Clock gene Per1 regulates rat temporomandibular osteoarthritis through NF-κB pathway: an in vitro and in vivo study. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:817. [PMID: 37907921 PMCID: PMC10619284 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a common disease that negatively affects the life quality of human beings. Circadian rhythm acts an important role in life activities. However, whether the clock genes are rhythmic expressed in mandibular condylar chondrocytes, or the clock genes have an effect on the progression of TMJOA remains unknown. In this study, we aim to explore expression of clock genes and regulatory mechanism of TMJOA in rat mandibular condylar chondrocytes. METHODS After synchronized by dexamethasone, the expression of core clock genes Per1, Per2, Clock, Cry1, Cry2 and Bmal1 and cartilage matrix degrading factor gene Mmp13 were analyzed in mandibular condylar chondrocytes every 4 h with RT-qPCR. The mandibular condylar chondrocytes were stimulated with IL-1β, and expression of Per1, Mmp13, P65 and p-P65 was assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Sh-Per1 lentivirus was used to assess the effect of clock gene Per1 in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes, and expression of Mmp13, P65 and p-P65 was measured. After establishing a rat TMJOA model using unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC), micro-CT, H & E, Alcian Blue & Nuclear Fast Red and Safranin O & Fast Green, cartilage thickness was utilized to assess the damage of cartilage and subchondral bone. Immunohistochemistry of PER1, MMP13 and P65 was performed in condylar sections. RESULTS All core clock genes and Mmp13 were rhythmically expressed. And Mmp13 expression curve was closed in phase and amplitude with Per1. After stimulation with IL-1β, the expression of MMP13, PER1 and P65 and ratio of p-P65/P65 increased in condylar chondrocytes. After Per1 was down-regulated in condylar chondrocytes, the expression of MMP13 and P65 and ratio of p-P65/P65 decreased. Compared with the condyles of Sham group, the bony parameters of UAC group were significantly worse. The thickness of cartilage in UAC group significantly reduced. The modified Mankin scores and the expression of PER1, MMP13 and P65 in cartilage of UAC group significantly increased compared with Sham group. CONCLUSION Core clock genes and Mmp13 are rhythmic expressed in rat mandibular condylar chondrocytes. PER1 can regulate the expression of MMP13 through NF-κB pathway in IL-1β-induced mandibular condylar chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Wei
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Qin Tu
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Ai
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
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8
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Cao JJ, Gregoire BR. Time of day of exercise does not affect the beneficial effect of exercise on bone structure in older female rats. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1142057. [PMID: 37965104 PMCID: PMC10641222 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1142057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Circadian clock genes are expressed in bone and biomarkers of bone resorption and formation exhibit diurnal patterns in animals and humans. Disruption of the diurnal rhythms may affect the balance of bone turnover and compromise the beneficial effects of exercise on bone. Objective: This study investigated whether the time of day of exercise alters bone metabolism in a rodent model. We hypothesized that exercise during the active phase results in greater bone mass than exercise during the rest phase in older female rats. Methods: Fifty-five, female 12-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (n = 13-14/group). Rats were subjected to no exercise or 2 h of involuntary exercise at 9 m/min and 5 days/wk for 15 weeks using motor-driven running wheels at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 4-6 (rest phase), 12-14 (early active phase), or 22-24 (late active phase). ZT 0 is defined as light on, the start of the rest phase. A red lamp was used at minimal intensity during the active, dark phase exercise period, i.e., ZT 12-14 and 22-24. Bone structure, body composition, and bone-related cytokines in serum and gene expression in bone were measured. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer post hoc contrasts. Results: Exercise at different ZT did not affect body weight, fat mass, lean mass, the serum bone biomarkers, bone structural or mechanical parameters, or expression of circadian genes. Exercise pooled exercise data from different ZT were compared to the No-Exercise data (a priori contrast) increased serum IGF-1 and irisin concentrations, compared to No-Exercise. Exercise increased tibial bone volume/total volume (p = 0.01), connectivity density (p = 0.04), and decreased structural model index (p = 0.02). Exercise did not affect expression of circadian genes. Conclusion: These data indicate that exercise is beneficial to bone structure and that the time of day of exercise does not alter the beneficial effect of exercise on bone in older female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay J. Cao
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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9
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Malhan D, Schoenrock B, Yalçin M, Blottner D, Relόgio A. Circadian regulation in aging: Implications for spaceflight and life on earth. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13935. [PMID: 37493006 PMCID: PMC10497835 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the circadian system are characteristic of aging on Earth. With the decline in physiological processes due to aging, several health concerns including vision loss, cardiovascular disorders, cognitive impairments, and muscle mass loss arise in elderly populations. Similar health risks are reported as "red flag" risks among astronauts during and after a long-term Space exploration journey. However, little is known about the common molecular alterations underlying terrestrial aging and space-related aging in astronauts, and controversial conclusions have been recently reported. In light of the regulatory role of the circadian clock in the maintenance of human health, we review here the overlapping role of the circadian clock both on aging on Earth and spaceflight with a focus on the four most affected systems: visual, cardiovascular, central nervous, and musculoskeletal systems. In this review, we briefly introduce the regulatory role of the circadian clock in specific cellular processes followed by alterations in those processes due to aging. We next summarize the known molecular alterations associated with spaceflight, highlighting involved clock-regulated genes in space flown Drosophila, nematodes, small mammals, and astronauts. Finally, we discuss common genes that are altered in terms of their expression due to aging on Earth and spaceflight. Altogether, the data elaborated in this review strengthen our hypothesis regarding the timely need to include circadian dysregulation as an emerging hallmark of aging on Earth and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Malhan
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human MedicineMSH Medical School HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Britt Schoenrock
- Institute of Integrative NeuroanatomyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Müge Yalçin
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human MedicineMSH Medical School HamburgHamburgGermany
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB)Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Dieter Blottner
- Institute of Integrative NeuroanatomyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Neuromuscular System and Neuromuscular SignalingBerlin Center of Space Medicine & Extreme EnvironmentsBerlinGermany
| | - Angela Relόgio
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human MedicineMSH Medical School HamburgHamburgGermany
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB)Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
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Dudek M, Morris H, Rogers N, Pathiranage DR, Raj SS, Chan D, Kadler KE, Hoyland J, Meng QJ. The clock transcription factor BMAL1 is a key regulator of extracellular matrix homeostasis and cell fate in the intervertebral disc. Matrix Biol 2023; 122:1-9. [PMID: 37495193 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock in mammals temporally coordinates physiological and behavioural processes to anticipate daily rhythmic changes in their environment. Chronic disruption to circadian rhythms (e.g., through ageing or shift work) is thought to contribute to a multitude of diseases, including degeneration of the musculoskeletal system. The intervertebral disc (IVD) in the spine contains circadian clocks which control ∼6% of the transcriptome in a rhythmic manner, including key genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. However, it remains largely unknown to what extent the local IVD molecular clock is required to drive rhythmic gene transcription and IVD physiology. In this work, we identified profound age-related changes of ECM microarchitecture and an endochondral ossification-like phenotype in the annulus fibrosus (AF) region of the IVD in the Col2a1-Bmal1 knockout mice. Circadian time series RNA-Seq of the whole IVD in Bmal1 knockout revealed loss of circadian patterns in gene expression, with an unexpected emergence of 12 h ultradian rhythms, including FOXO transcription factors. Further RNA sequencing of the AF tissue identified region-specific changes in gene expression, evidencing a loss of AF phenotype markers and a dysregulation of ECM and FOXO pathways in Bmal1 knockout mice. Consistent with an up-regulation of FOXO1 mRNA and protein levels in Bmal1 knockout IVDs, inhibition of FOXO1 in AF cells suppressed their osteogenic differentiation. Collectively, these data highlight the importance of the local molecular clock mechanism in the maintenance of the cell fate and ECM homeostasis of the IVD. Further studies may identify potential new molecular targets for alleviating IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Dudek
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK; Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Honor Morris
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK; Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Natalie Rogers
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK; Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Dharshika Rj Pathiranage
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK; Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Sujitha Saba Raj
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK; Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl E Kadler
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Judith Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK; Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK; Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
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11
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Kikyo N. Circadian Regulation of Macrophages and Osteoclasts in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12307. [PMID: 37569682 PMCID: PMC10418470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represents one of the best examples of circadian fluctuations in disease severity. Patients with RA experience stiffness, pain, and swelling in afflicted joints in the early morning, which tends to become milder toward the afternoon. This has been primarily explained by the higher blood levels of pro-inflammatory hormones and cytokines, such as melatonin, TNFα, IL-1, and IL-6, in the early morning than in the afternoon as well as insufficient levels of anti-inflammatory cortisol, which rises later in the morning. Clinical importance of the circadian regulation of RA symptoms has been demonstrated by the effectiveness of time-of-day-dependent delivery of therapeutic agents in chronotherapy. The primary inflammatory site in RA is the synovium, where increased macrophages, T cells, and synovial fibroblasts play central roles by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes to stimulate each other, additional immune cells, and osteoclasts, ultimately leading to cartilage and bone erosion. Among these central players, macrophages have been one of the prime targets for the study of the link between circadian rhythms and inflammatory activities. Gene knockout experiments of various core circadian regulators have established that disruption of any core circadian regulators results in hyper- or hypoactivation of inflammatory responses by macrophages when challenged by lipopolysaccharide and bacteria. Although these stimulations are not directly linked to RA etiology, these findings serve as a foundation for further study by providing proof of principle. On the other hand, circadian regulation of osteoclasts, downstream effectors of macrophages, remain under-explored. Nonetheless, circadian expression of the inducers of osteoclastogenesis, such as TNFα, IL-1, and IL-6, as well as the knockout phenotypes of circadian regulators in osteoclasts suggest the significance of the circadian control of osteoclast activity in the pathogenesis of RA. More detailed mechanistic understanding of the circadian regulation of macrophages and osteoclasts in the afflicted joints could add novel local therapeutic options for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Kikyo
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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12
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Ohnishi T, Tran V, Sao K, Ramteke P, Querido W, Barve RA, van de Wetering K, Risbud MV. Loss of function mutation in Ank causes aberrant mineralization and acquisition of osteoblast-like-phenotype by the cells of the intervertebral disc. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:447. [PMID: 37468461 PMCID: PMC10356955 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Pathological mineralization of intervertebral disc is debilitating and painful and linked to disc degeneration in a subset of human patients. An adenosine triphosphate efflux transporter, progressive ankylosis (ANK) is a regulator of extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate levels and plays an important role in tissue mineralization. However, the function of ANK in intervertebral disc has not been fully explored. Herein we analyzed the spinal phenotype of Ank mutant mice (ank/ank) with attenuated ANK function. Micro-computed tomography and histological analysis showed that loss of ANK function results in the aberrant annulus fibrosus mineralization and peripheral disc fusions with cranial to caudal progression in the spine. Vertebrae in ank mice exhibit elevated cortical bone mass and increased tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase-positive endplate chondrocytes with decreased subchondral endplate porosity. The acellular dystrophic mineral inclusions in the annulus fibrosus were localized adjacent to apoptotic cells and cells that acquired osteoblast-like phenotype. Fourier transform infrared spectral imaging showed that the apatite mineral in the outer annulus fibrosus had similar chemical composition to that of vertebral bone. Transcriptomic analysis of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus tissues showed changes in several biological themes with a prominent dysregulation of BMAL1/CLOCK circadian regulation. The present study provides new insights into the role of ANK in the disc tissue compartments and highlights the importance of local inorganic pyrophosphate metabolism in inhibiting the mineralization of this important connective tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ohnishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Victoria Tran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Kimheak Sao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Pranay Ramteke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - William Querido
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Ruteja A Barve
- Department of Genetics, Genome Technology Access Centre at the McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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13
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Furtado A, Costa D, Lemos MC, Cavaco JE, Santos CRA, Quintela T. The impact of biological clock and sex hormones on the risk of disease. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 137:39-81. [PMID: 37709381 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Molecular clocks are responsible for defining 24-h cycles of behaviour and physiology that are called circadian rhythms. Several structures and tissues are responsible for generating these circadian rhythms and are named circadian clocks. The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus is believed to be the master circadian clock receiving light input via the optic nerve and aligning internal rhythms with environmental cues. Studies using both in vivo and in vitro methodologies have reported the relationship between the molecular clock and sex hormones. The circadian system is directly responsible for controlling the synthesis of sex hormones and this synthesis varies according to the time of day and phase of the estrous cycle. Sex hormones also directly interact with the circadian system to regulate circadian gene expression, adjust biological processes, and even adjust their own synthesis. Several diseases have been linked with alterations in either the sex hormone background or the molecular clock. So, in this chapter we aim to summarize the current understanding of the relationship between the circadian system and sex hormones and their combined role in the onset of several related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Furtado
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Portugal
| | - Diana Costa
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Portugal
| | - Manuel C Lemos
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Portugal
| | - J Eduardo Cavaco
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Portugal
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Portugal
| | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Portugal; UDI-IPG, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal.
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14
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Wang YF, Luo YF, Mhalgi A, Ren WY, Wu LF. Association of Self-Reported Sleep Characteristics and Hip Fracture: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Studies. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11070926. [PMID: 37046853 PMCID: PMC10094697 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11070926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous observational studies on the relationship between sleep characteristics and fracture have yielded contradictory results. The goal of this study was to replicate the findings in a large longitudinal cohort and then conduct a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to infer the causality between sleep behaviors and fracture risk. Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) including 17,708 participants, we found that individuals with short sleep duration (<5 h) (OR [odds ratio] = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.07-2.44) or restless sleep (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.10-2.19) have a higher risk of hip fracture. A U-shaped relationship between nighttime sleep duration and hip fracture risk (p-nonlinear = 0.01) was observed using restricted cubic spline regression analysis. Through joint effect analysis, we found that participants with short sleep duration (<5 h) combined with midday napping could significantly decrease hip fracture incidence. We further inferred the causal relationship between self-reported sleep behaviors and hip fracture using the MR approach. Among four sleep phenotypic parameters (sleep duration, daytime napping, chronotype, and insomnia), we found a modest causal relationship between sleep duration and fracture (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.48 to 0.99, p = 0.04). However, no causal relationship was observed for other sleep traits. In conclusion, our findings suggest that short sleep duration has a potential detrimental effect on hip fracture. Improving sleep patterns is of significance for developing hip fracture preventive strategies in the middle-aged and the elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei Wang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu-Feng Luo
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Asmi Mhalgi
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen-Yan Ren
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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15
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Jinteng L, Peitao X, Wenhui Y, Guiwen Y, Feng Y, Xiaojun X, Zepeng S, Jiajie L, Yunshu C, Zhaoqiang Z, Yipeng Z, Zhikun L, Pei F, Qian C, Dateng L, Zhongyu X, Yanfeng W, Huiyong S. BMAL1-TTK-H2Bub1 loop deficiency contributes to impaired BM-MSC-mediated bone formation in senile osteoporosis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 31:568-585. [PMID: 36910712 PMCID: PMC9996134 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
During the aging process, the reduced osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) results in decreased bone formation, which contributes to senile osteoporosis. Previous studies have confirmed that interrupted circadian rhythm plays an indispensable role in age-related disease. However, the mechanism underlying the impaired osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs during aging and its relationship with interrupted circadian rhythm remains unclear. In this study, we confirmed that the circadian rhythm was interrupted in aging mouse skeletal systems. The level of the core rhythm component BMAL1 but not that of CLOCK in the osteoblast lineage was decreased in senile osteoporotic specimens from both human and mouse. BMAL1 targeted TTK as a circadian-controlled gene to phosphorylate MDM2 and regulate H2Bub1 level, while H2Bub1 in turn regulated the expression of BMAL1. The osteogenic capacity of BM-MSCs was maintained by a positive loop formed by BMAL1-TTK-MDM2-H2Bub1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that using bone-targeting recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 (rAAV9) to enhance Bmal1 or Ttk might have a therapeutic effect on senile osteoporosis and delays bone repair in aging mice. In summary, our study indicated that targeting the BMAL1-TTK-MDM2-H2Bub1 axis via bone-targeting rAAV9 might be a promising strategy for the treatment of senile osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jinteng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Xu Peitao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wenhui
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Ye Guiwen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Ye Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Xu Xiaojun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Su Zepeng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Lin Jiajie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Che Yunshu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Zhaoqiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Zeng Yipeng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhikun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Feng Pei
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Cao Qian
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Li Dateng
- Department of Statistical Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xie Zhongyu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Wu Yanfeng
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Shen Huiyong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
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16
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Jiang Y, Wang S, Lin W, Gu J, Li G, Shao Y. BMAL1 Promotes Valvular Interstitial Cells’ Osteogenic Differentiation through NF-κ B/AKT/MAPK Pathway. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10030110. [PMID: 36975874 PMCID: PMC10054744 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is most common in the aging population and is without effective medical treatments. Brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1) is related to calcification. It has unique tissue-specific characteristics and plays different roles in different tissues’ calcification processes. The purpose of the present study is to explore the role of BMAL1 in CAVD. Methods: The protein levels of BMAL1 in normal and calcified human aortic valves and valvular interstitial cells (VICs) isolated from normal and calcified human aortic valves were checked. HVICs were cultured in osteogenic medium as an in vitro model, and BMAL1 expression and location were detected. TGF-β and RhoA/ROCK inhibitors and RhoA-siRNA were applied to detect the mechanism underlying the source of BMAL1 during HVICs’ osteogenic differentiation. ChIP was applied to check whether BMAL1 could directly interact with the runx2 primer CPG region, and the expression of key proteins involved in the TNF signaling pathway and NF-κ B pathway was tested after silencing BMAL1. Results: In this study, we found that BMAL1 expression was elevated in calcified human aortic valves and VICs isolated from calcified human aortic valves. Osteogenic medium could promote BMAL1 expression in HVICs and the knockdown of BMAL1 induced the inhibition of HVICs’ osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, the osteogenic medium promoting BMAL1 expression could be blocked by TGF-β and RhoA/ROCK inhibitors and RhoA-siRNA. Meanwhile, BMAL1 could not bind with the runx2 primer CPG region directly, but knockdown of BMAL1 led to decreased levels of P-AKT, P-IκBα, P-p65 and P-JNK. Conclusions: Osteogenic medium could promote BMAL1 expression in HVICs through the TGF-β/RhoA/ROCK pathway. BMAL1 could not act as a transcription factor, but functioned through the NF-κ B/AKT/MAPK pathway to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of HVICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefan Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road, No. 300, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road, No. 300, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wenfeng Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road, No. 300, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiaxi Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road, No. 300, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Geng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road, No. 1277, Wuhan 430022, China
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-027-85351611 (G.L.); +86-025-68303574 (Y.S.)
| | - Yongfeng Shao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road, No. 300, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-027-85351611 (G.L.); +86-025-68303574 (Y.S.)
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17
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Ko FC, Jochum SB, Wilson BM, Adra A, Patel N, Lee H, Wilber S, Shaikh M, Forsyth C, Keshavarzian A, Swanson GR, Sumner DR. Colon epithelial cell-specific Bmal1 deletion impairs bone formation in mice. Bone 2023; 168:116650. [PMID: 36584784 PMCID: PMC9911378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock system regulates multiple metabolic processes, including bone metabolism. Previous studies have demonstrated that both central and peripheral circadian signaling regulate skeletal growth and homeostasis in mice. Disruption in central circadian rhythms has been associated with a decline in bone mineral density in humans and the global and osteoblast-specific disruption of clock genes in bone tissue leads to lower bone mass in mice. Gut physiology is highly sensitive to circadian disruption. Since the gut is also known to affect bone remodeling, we sought to test the hypothesis that circadian signaling disruption in colon epithelial cells affects bone. We therefore assessed structural, functional, and cellular properties of bone in 8 week old Ts4-Cre and Ts4-Cre;Bmal1fl/fl (cBmalKO) mice, where the clock gene Bmal1 is deleted in colon epithelial cells. Axial and appendicular trabecular bone volume was significantly lower in cBmalKO compared to Ts4-Cre 8-week old mice in a sex-dependent fashion, with male but not female mice showing the phenotype. Similarly, the whole bone mechanical properties were deteriorated in cBmalKO male mice. The tissue level mechanisms involved suppressed bone formation with normal resorption, as evidenced by serum markers and dynamic histomorphometry. Our studies demonstrate that colon epithelial cell-specific deletion of Bmal1 leads to failure to acquire trabecular and cortical bone in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Ko
- Department of Anatomy& Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America.
| | - Sarah B Jochum
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Brittany M Wilson
- Department of Anatomy& Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Amal Adra
- Department of Anatomy& Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Nikhil Patel
- Department of Anatomy& Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Hoomin Lee
- Department of Anatomy& Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Sherry Wilber
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Christopher Forsyth
- Department of Anatomy& Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Anatomy& Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Garth R Swanson
- Department of Anatomy& Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - D Rick Sumner
- Department of Anatomy& Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
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18
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Diemar SS, Dahl SS, West AS, Simonsen SA, Iversen HK, Jørgensen NR. A Systematic Review of the Circadian Rhythm of Bone Markers in Blood. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 112:126-147. [PMID: 35305134 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
There exists a marked circadian variation for several bone markers (BM), which is influenced by endogenous as well as exogenous factors including hormones, physical activity, and fasting. Consequently, was the aim of this review to provide an overview of the knowledge of the circadian variation of BM and which factors influence this rhythmicity. A systematic search of PubMed was performed for studies evaluating the circadian variation of BM and which factors influence this rhythmicity. The studies were screened for eligibility by a set of predetermined criteria including a list of relevant BM and a minimum study duration of 24 h with at least 3 blood samples of which two should be at least 6 h apart. In total were 29 papers included. There exists a marked circadian variation for most BM including Carboxy-terminal Cross-Linked Telopeptide of Type I Collagen (CTX) and osteocalcin (OC) with nighttime or early morning peak. Pro-collagen Type I N-terminal Propeptide (PINP) and PTH also showed circadian rhythm but with less amplitude. The inter-osteoblast-osteoclast regulatory markers such as OPG, RANKL, FGF23, and sclerostin showed no circadian rhythm. The markers were differently affected by exogenous factors like fasting, which greatly reduced the circadian variation of CTX but did not affect PINP or OC. The marked circadian variation and the factors which influence the rhythmicity, e.g., fasting are of great consequence when measuring BM. To reduce variation and heighten validity should circadian variation and fasting be kept in mind when measuring BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Seberg Diemar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens vej 1-23, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Stig Søgaard Dahl
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet Blegdamsvej, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Sode West
- Clinical Stroke Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens vej 1-23, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Sofie Amalie Simonsen
- Clinical Stroke Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens vej 1-23, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Helle Klingenberg Iversen
- Clinical Stroke Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens vej 1-23, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens vej 1-23, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens Vej 13, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark.
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19
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Juliana N, Azmi L, Effendy NM, Mohd Fahmi Teng NI, Abu IF, Abu Bakar NN, Azmani S, Yazit NAA, Kadiman S, Das S. Effect of Circadian Rhythm Disturbance on the Human Musculoskeletal System and the Importance of Nutritional Strategies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030734. [PMID: 36771440 PMCID: PMC9920183 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian system in the human body responds to daily environmental changes to optimise behaviour according to the biological clock and also influences various physiological processes. The suprachiasmatic nuclei are located in the anterior hypothalamus of the brain, and they synchronise to the 24 h light/dark cycle. Human physiological functions are highly dependent on the regulation of the internal circadian clock. Skeletal muscles comprise the largest collection of peripheral clocks in the human body. Both central and peripheral clocks regulate the interaction between the musculoskeletal system and energy metabolism. The skeletal muscle circadian clock plays a vital role in lipid and glucose metabolism. The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is related to an alteration in the circadian rhythm. In the present review, we discuss the disturbance of the circadian rhythm and its resultant effect on the musculoskeletal system. We also discuss the nutritional strategies that are potentially effective in maintaining the system's homeostasis. Active collaborations between nutritionists and physiologists in the field of chronobiological and chrononutrition will further clarify these interactions. This review may be necessary for successful interventions in reducing morbidity and mortality resulting from musculoskeletal disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norsham Juliana
- Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-13-331-1706
| | - Liyana Azmi
- Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Nadia Mohd Effendy
- Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | | | - Izuddin Fahmy Abu
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nabilah Abu Bakar
- Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Sahar Azmani
- Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Noor Anisah Abu Yazit
- Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Suhaini Kadiman
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, National Heart Institute, Kuala Lumpur 50400, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human & Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
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20
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Liu G, Sun Q, Wu X, Liu Y, Chen Y, Cao Z, Hu Y, Xia H. Clock genes are expressed in cementum and regulate the proliferation and mineralization of cementoblasts. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:76-84. [PMID: 36790692 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clock genes are present in the ameloblasts, odontoblasts, and dental pulp cells. The cementum plays a vital role in connecting the roots of teeth to the alveolar bone by anchoring the periodontal ligament. The present study aimed at confirming the existence of clock genes and describing the potential regulatory effects of REV-ERBα in the cementum. The tooth-periodontal ligament-alveolar bone complexes of 6-week-old mice were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. OCCM-30 cells, an immortalized cementoblast cell line, were synchronized with dexamethasone. We used RT-PCR to detect the expression of clock genes in the absence or presence of SR8278, an effective antagonist of REV-ERBα. We performed a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay to determine the effect of SR8278 on cell proliferation. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to measure the expression of mineralization-related markers in mineralization-induced OCCM-30 cells, with or without SR8278 treatment. Finally, we used Alizarin red staining, and ALP staining and activity to further verify the effect of SR8278 on mineralization of OCCM-30 cells on macro-level. In our study, clock protein expression was confirmed in the murine cementum. Clock genes were shown to oscillate continuously in OCCM-30 cells. SR8278-induced inactivation of REV-ERBα inhibited the proliferation but promoted the mineralization of OCCM-30 cells. The present study confirmed the presence of clock genes in the cementum, where they potentially participate in cell proliferation and mineralization. Our findings may inspire new research directions for periodontal regeneration via clock gene manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gufeng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Periodontology, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhe Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haibin Xia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Qin Y, Chen ZH, Wu JJ, Zhang ZY, Yuan ZD, Guo DY, Chen MN, Li X, Yuan FL. Circadian clock genes as promising therapeutic targets for bone loss. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114019. [PMID: 36423544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates many key physiological processes such as the sleep-wake cycle, hormone release, cardiovascular health, glucose metabolism and body temperature. Recent evidence has suggested a critical role of the circadian system in controlling bone metabolism. Here we review the connection between bone metabolism and the biological clock, and the roles of these mechanisms in bone loss. We also analyze the regulatory effects of clock-related genes on signaling pathways and transcription factors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Additionally, osteocytes and endothelial cells (ECs) regulated by the circadian clock are also discussed in our review. Furthermore, we also summarize the regulation of circadian clock genes by some novel modulators, which provides us with a new insight into a potential strategy to prevent and treat bone diseases such as osteoporosis by targeting circadian genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China
| | - Zheng-Dong Yuan
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China
| | - Dan-Yang Guo
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China
| | - Meng-Nan Chen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China.
| | - Feng-Lai Yuan
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China.
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22
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Feng G, Zhao J, Peng J, Luo B, Zhang J, Chen L, Xu Z. Circadian clock—A promising scientific target in oral science. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1031519. [PMCID: PMC9708896 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1031519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral and maxillofacial organs play vital roles in chewing, maintaining facial beauty, and speaking. Almost all physiological processes display circadian rhythms that are driven by the circadian clock, allowing organisms to adapt to the changing environment. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that the circadian clock system participates in oral and maxillofacial physiological and pathological processes, such as jaw and tooth development, salivary gland function, craniofacial malformations, oral carcinoma and other diseases. However, the roles of the circadian clock in oral science have not yet been comprehensively reviewed. Therefore, This paper provides a systematic and integrated perspective on the function of the circadian clock in the fields of oral science, reviews recent advances in terms of the circadian clock in oral and maxillofacial development and disease, dialectically analyzes the importance of the circadian clock system and circadian rhythm to the activities of oral and maxillofacial tissues, and focuses on analyzing the mechanism of the circadian clock in the maintenance of oral health, affecting the common diseases of the oral and maxillofacial region and the process of oral-related systemic diseases, sums up the chronotherapy and preventive measures for oral-related diseases based on changes in tissue activity circadian rhythms, meanwhile, comes up with a new viewpoint to promote oral health and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfeng Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Beibei Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Chen, ; Zhi Xu,
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Chen, ; Zhi Xu,
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23
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Tian Y, Ming J. The role of circadian rhythm in osteoporosis; a review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:960456. [PMID: 36238690 PMCID: PMC9550872 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.960456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by a high incidence rate, with significant effects on people’s lives. The underlying mechanisms are complex, with no treatments for the condition. Recent studies have indicated that melatonin can be used to treat osteoporosis by promoting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. Specifically, in vivo mechanisms are initiated by stabilizing biological rhythms in bone tissue. In healthy organisms, these biological rhythms are present in bone tissue, and are characterized by bone formation during the day, and bone resorption at night. When this rhythm is disrupted, osteoporosis occurs. Thus, taking appropriate medication at different times of the day could produce different effects on osteoporosis rhythms. In this review, we characterized these processes, and provided treatments and management strategies for individuals with osteoporosis.
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24
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Yuan H, Xie B, Yu X, Lin C, Li M, Zhang Y, Zou X, Lu M, Zhao M, Wen X. A potential role of p75NTR in the regulation of circadian rhythm and incremental growth lines during tooth development. Front Physiol 2022; 13:981311. [PMID: 36213234 PMCID: PMC9539461 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.981311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Tooth morphogenesis and the formation of hard tissues have been reported to be closely related to circadian rhythms. This study investigates the spatiotemporal expression and relationship of p75NTR with core clock genes, mineralization-related or odontogenesis-related genes, and aims to derive the potential role of p75NTR in regulating circadian rhythm and incrementality growth line formation during tooth development. Materials and methods: The dynamic morphology of the rat dental germ was observed at seven stages (E14.5 d, E16.5 d, E18.5 d, P.N. 4 d, P.N. 7 d, P.N. 10 d, and P.N. 15 d). Next, the expressions of p75NTR and other target factors were traced. The ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) were isolated from the E18.5d rat dental germs and synchronized using 50% of fetal bovine serum. Then, they were cultured in light/light (L.L.), dark/dark (D.D.), and light/dark (L.D.) conditions for 48 h. The total RNA was collected every 4 h, and the circadian rhythm dynamics of target factors were observed. To reveal the mechanism further, p75NTR was down-regulated in p75NTRExIII−/− mice and up-regulated in immortalized mouse dental apical papilla progenitor cells. The change tendencies of other target factors were also detected. Results: The clock genes Bmal1, Clock, Per1, and Per2 were all expressed in tooth germs before the formation of dental hard tissues and demonstrated a regular oscillating expression pattern in EMSCs from dental germs. Their expression was affected by the L.D. stimulus, and most of them were promoted by D.D. conditions. p75NTR presented a similar expression pattern and a positive or negative relationship with most clock genes, mineralization-related and odontogenesis-related factors, such as brain and muscle ARNT-like protein-1 (Bmal1), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), MSH-like 1 (MSX1), dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (Dmp1), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp). Moreover, the arrangement, morphology, and even boundary in pre-odontoblast/pre-ameloblast layers were disordered in the p75NTRExIII−/− mice. Conclusion: Circadian rhythm was found to affect tooth development. p75NTR might play a crucial role in regulating clock genes in the mineralization and formation of the dental hard tissues. p75NTR is actively involved in the odontoblast-ameloblast junction and cell polarity establishment during tooth morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xia Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cheng Lin
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuqiang Zou
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Manzhu Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiujie Wen, ; Manzhu Zhao,
| | - Xiujie Wen
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiujie Wen, ; Manzhu Zhao,
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25
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Dysregulation of Circadian Clock Genes Associated with Tumor Immunity and Prognosis in Patients with Colon Cancer. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4957996. [PMID: 35880088 PMCID: PMC9308515 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4957996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Early research shows that disrupting the circadian rhythm increases the risk of various cancers. However, the roles of circadian clock genes in colorectal cancer, which is becoming more common and lethal in China, remained to be unclear. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that multiple CCGs were dysregulated and frequently mutated in CRC samples by analyzing the TCGA database. The higher expression levels of REV1, ADCYAP1, CSNK1D, NR1D1, CSNK1E, and CRY2 had a strong link with shorter DFS time in CRC patients, demonstrating that CCGs had an important regulatory role in CRC development. Moreover, 513 CRC tumor samples were divided into 3 categories, namely, cluster1 (n = 428), cluster2 (n = 83), and cluster 3 (n = 109), based on the expression levels of the CCGs. Clinical significance analysis showed that the overall survival and disease-free survival of cluster 2 and cluster 3 were significantly shorter than those of cluster 1. The stemness scores in cluster 1 and cluster 2 were significantly higher than those of cluster 3 CRC samples. Clinically, we found that the C3 subtype had significantly higher percentage of T3/T4, N1/N2, and grades III and IV than groups C1 or C2. In addition, we reported that different CRC clusters had significantly different tumor-infiltrating immune cell signatures. Finally, pancancer analysis showed that higher expression of CSNK1D was correlated with shorter DFS time in multiple cancer types, such as COAD and LIHC, and was dysregulated in various cancers. In conclusion, we effectively developed a CCG-related predictive model and opened up new avenues for research into immune regulatory mechanisms and the development of immunotherapy for CRC.
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26
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Li T, Zhang S, Yang Y, Zhang L, Yuan Y, Zou J. Co-regulation of circadian clock genes and microRNAs in bone metabolism. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:529-546. [PMID: 35794684 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian bone is constantly metabolized from the embryonic stage, and the maintenance of bone health depends on the dynamic balance between bone resorption and bone formation, mediated by osteoclasts and osteoblasts. It is widely recognized that circadian clock genes can regulate bone metabolism. In recent years, the regulation of bone metabolism by non-coding RNAs has become a hotspot of research. MicroRNAs can participate in bone catabolism and anabolism by targeting key factors related to bone metabolism, including circadian clock genes. However, research in this field has been conducted only in recent years and the mechanisms involved are not yet well established. Recent studies have focused on how to target circadian clock genes to treat some diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, but few have focused on the co-regulation of circadian clock genes and microRNAs in bone metabolic diseases. Therefore, in this paper we review the progress of research on the co-regulation of bone metabolism by circadian clock genes and microRNAs, aiming to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of bone metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China.,School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shihua Zhang
- College of Graduate Education, Jinan Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China. ,
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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27
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Song X, Zhao M, Tang J, Ma T, Bai H, Wang X, Liu L, Li T, Xu X, Sheng X, Zhao B, Wang Y, Wang T, Guo Y, Zhang X, Gao L. Dark-light cycle disrupts bone metabolism and suppresses joint deterioration in osteoarthritic rats. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:158. [PMID: 35765090 PMCID: PMC9238010 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Light alteration affects the internal environment and metabolic homeostasis of the body through circadian rhythm disorders (CRD). CRD is one of the factors that induce and accelerate osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of continuous dark-light (DL) cycle on joint inflammation, bone structure, and metabolism in normal and OA Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were used to evaluate the systemic inflammation in rats. The pathological changes and inflammatory reactions of the cartilage and synovium of the knee joint in rats were evaluated by Safranin O-fast green and immunological staining. Bone turnover was assessed by histomorphometry and μCT scanning, as well as bone metabolism markers and proteins. The expression changes of clock proteins BMAL1, NR1D1, PER3, and CRY1 in representative tissues were detected by western blotting. Results DL cycle significantly inhibited body weight gain in normal and OA rats. The levels of proinflammatory factors in the peripheral blood circulation and degradation enzymes in the cartilage were significantly decreased in OA+DL rats. DL cycle significantly destroyed the structure of subchondral bone in hindlimbs of OA rats and reduced trabecular bone numbers. The decrease of bone mineral density (BMD), percent bone volume with respect to total bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (TB.N), osteoclast number, and mineralization could also be found. The ratio of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) in the bone marrow of OA rats was markedly increased under DL, along with the activation of the mononuclear/phagocyte system. The expression of representative clock proteins and genes BMAL1, PER3, and CRY1 were markedly changed in the tissues of OA+DL rats. Conclusions These results suggested that DL cycle dampened the arthritis and promoted bone resorption and bone mass loss. Graphical abstract DL cycle affects bone turnover by regulating osteoclast production in osteoarthritic rats.![]() Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-022-02832-8.
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28
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Gao ZR, Liu Q, Zhao J, Zhao YQ, Tan L, Zhang SH, Zhou YH, Chen Y, Guo Y, Feng YZ. A comprehensive analysis of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in osteocyte-like cell associated with Mycobacterium leprae infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010379. [PMID: 35500036 PMCID: PMC9098081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone formation and loss are the characteristic clinical manifestations of leprosy, but the mechanisms underlying the bone remodeling with Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) infection are unclear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Osteocytes may have a role through regulating the differentiation of osteogenic lineages. To investigate osteocyte-related mechanisms in leprosy, we treated osteocyte-like cell with N-glycosylated muramyl dipeptide (N.g MDP). RNA-seq analysis showed 724 differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and 724 differentially expressed circular RNA (circRNAs). Of these, we filtered through eight osteogenic-related differentially expressed genes, according to the characteristic of competing endogenous RNA, PubMed databases, and bioinformatic analysis, including TargetScan, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Based on these results, we built a circRNA-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA triple network. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blots analyses confirmed decreased Clock expression in osteocyte-like cell, while increased in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), implicating a crucial factor in osteogenic differentiation. Immunohistochemistry showed obviously increased expression of CLOCK protein in BMSCs and osteoblasts in N.g MDP-treated mice, but decreased expression in osteocytes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This analytical method provided a basis for the relationship between N.g MDP and remodeling in osteocytes, and the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA triple network may offer a new target for leprosy therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Rong Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shao-Hui Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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29
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Liu S, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Peng S, Cao Z, Xia H. Bmal1 promotes cementoblast differentiation and cementum mineralization via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151868. [PMID: 35183881 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Remodeling of the cementum plays a crucial role in periodontal regenerative therapy, while the precise mechanism of cementogenesis has yet been adequately understood. Recent studies have indicated the connection between osteogenic differentiation and Brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein-1 (Bmal1). Besides, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is proven to be an essential regulator in cementogenesis. In this study, we found a robust expression of Bmal1 in cementoblasts in the mandibular first molar of mice by immunohistochemical staining. To further explore the role of Bmal1 in cementogenesis, we examined the expression pattern of Bmal1 in OCCM-30, an immortalized murine cementoblast cell line by qRT-PCR and western blot. Our data demonstrated the upregulation of Bmal1 at both mRNA and protein levels during differentiation. Additionally, stable knockdown of Bmal1 in OCCM-30 cells resulted in downregulation of osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase (Alp), osteopontin (Opn), and osteocalcin (Ocn), and reduced formation of mineralized nodules. Moreover, qRT-PCR and western blot results exhibited that the expression of β-catenin was attenuated by Bmal1 deficiency. We also found that the mRNA levels of Tcf1 and Lef1, the target transcription factors of β-catenin, were reduced by Bmal1 deficiency. In conclusion, this study preliminarily confirms that Bmal1 promotes cementoblast differentiation and cementum mineralization via Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which contributes to a potential strategy in periodontal regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Xia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Wilson BM, Witkiewics BR, Voigt RM, Forysth CB, Keshavarzian A, Ko FC, Virdi AS, Sumner DR. Alcohol and Circadian Disruption Minimally Impact Bone Properties in Two Cohorts of Male Mice While Between‐Cohort Differences Predominate: Association With Season of Birth? JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10591. [PMID: 35309863 PMCID: PMC8914150 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Wilson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
| | - Brittany R Witkiewics
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
| | - Robin M Voigt
- Department of Internal Medicine Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
- Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
| | - Christopher B Forysth
- Department of Internal Medicine Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
- Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
- Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
| | - Frank C Ko
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
| | - Amarjit S Virdi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
| | - D Rick Sumner
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
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31
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Deng S, Qi M, Gong P, Tan Z. The circadian clock component BMAL1 regulates osteogenesis in osseointegration. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1091296. [PMID: 36619505 PMCID: PMC9811265 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1091296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital and developmental craniofacial deformities often cause bone defects, misalignment, and soft tissue asymmetry, which can lead to facial function and morphologic abnormalities, especially among children born with cleft lip and palate. Joint efforts from oral maxillofacial surgery, oral implantology, and cosmetic surgery are often required for diagnosis and treatment. As one of the most widely performed treatment methods, implant-supported cranio-maxillofacial prostheses have been widely applied in the course of treatment. Therefore, stability of peri-implant bone tissue is crucial for the long-term success of treatment and patients' quality of life. The circadian clock component brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (BMAL1) was found to be involved in the cell fate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, which were essential in the fixation of titanium implants. This study aimed to investigate the effect of BMAL1 on osteogenesis in osseointegration, providing a brand new solution to increase bone implant conjunction efficiency and implant stability, paving the way for a long-term satisfactory therapy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiyao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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32
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Jiang Y, Li S, Xu W, Ying J, Qu Y, Jiang X, Zhang A, Yue Y, Zhou R, Ruan T, Li J, Mu D. Critical Roles of the Circadian Transcription Factor BMAL1 in Reproductive Endocrinology and Fertility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:818272. [PMID: 35311235 PMCID: PMC8924658 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.818272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain and muscle aryl-hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like protein1 (BMAL1), a core component of circadian oscillation, is involved in many physiological activities. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the essential role of BMAL1 in reproductive physiology. For instance, BMAL1-knockout (KO) mice were infertile, with impaired reproductive organs and gametes. Additionally, in BMAL1-KO mice, hormone secretion and signaling of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (H-P-G) hormones were also disrupted, indicating that H-P-G axis was impaired in BMAL1-KO mice. Moreover, both BMAL1-KO mice and BMAL1-knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in vitro cultured steroidogenic cells showed that BMAL1 was associated with gonadal steroidogenesis and expression of related genes. Importantly, BMAL1 also participates in pathogenesis of human reproductive diseases. In this review, we elaborate on the impaired reproduction of BMAL1-KO mice including the reproductive organs, reproductive endocrine hormones, and reproductive processes, highlighting the vital role of BMAL1 in fertility and reproductive endocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Andrology/Sichuan Human Sperm Bank, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ayuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixi Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiechao Ruan
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhui Li, ; Dezhi Mu,
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhui Li, ; Dezhi Mu,
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33
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Bouchard AL, Dsouza C, Julien C, Rummler M, Gaumond MH, Cermakian N, Willie BM. Bone adaptation to mechanical loading in mice is affected by circadian rhythms. Bone 2022; 154:116218. [PMID: 34571201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Physical forces are critical for successful function of many organs including bone. Interestingly, the timing of exercise during the day alters physiology and gene expression in many organs due to circadian rhythms. Circadian clocks in tissues, such as bone, express circadian clock genes that target tissue-specific genes, resulting in tissue-specific rhythmic gene expression (clock-controlled genes). We hypothesized that the adaptive response of bone to mechanical loading is regulated by circadian rhythms. First, mice were sham loaded and sacrificed 8 h later, which amounted to tissues being collected at zeitgeber time (ZT)2, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22. Cortical bone of the tibiae collected from these mice displayed diurnal expression of core clock genes and key osteocyte and osteoblast-related genes, such as the Wnt-signaling inhibitors Sost and Dkk1, indicating these are clock-controlled genes. Serum bone turnover markers did not display rhythmicity. Second, mice underwent a single bout of in vivo loading at either ZT2 or ZT14 and were sacrificed 1, 8, or 24 h after loading. Loading at ZT2 resulted in Sost upregulation, while loading at ZT14 led to Sost and Dkk1 downregulation. Third, mice underwent daily in vivo tibial loading over 2 weeks administered either in the morning, (ZT2, resting phase) or evening (ZT14, active phase). In vivo microCT was performed at days 0, 5, 10, and 15 and conventional histomorphometry was performed at day 15. All outcome measures indicated a robust response to loading, but only microCT-based time-lapse morphometry showed that loading at ZT14 resulted in a greater endocortical bone formation response compared to mice loaded at ZT2. The decreased Sost and Dkk1 expression coincident with the modest, but significant time-of-day specific increase in adaptive bone formation, suggests that circadian clocks influence bone mechanoresponse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice L Bouchard
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Chrisanne Dsouza
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Catherine Julien
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Maximilian Rummler
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Gaumond
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicolas Cermakian
- Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bettina M Willie
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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34
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Song X, Ma T, Hu H, Zhao M, Bai H, Wang X, Liu L, Li T, Sheng X, Xu X, Zhang X, Gao L. Chronic Circadian Rhythm Disturbance Accelerates Knee Cartilage Degeneration in Rats Accompanied by the Activation of the Canonical Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:760988. [PMID: 34858186 PMCID: PMC8632052 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.760988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With the gradual deepening of understanding of systemic health and quality of life, the factors affecting osteoarthritis (OA) are not limited to mechanical injury, metabolic abnormality, age and obesity, etc., but circadian rhythm, which plays a non-negligible role in human daily life. The purpose of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of chronic circadian rhythm disturbance (CRD) inducing cartilage OA-like degeneration. Rats with the anterior cruciate ligament excision transection (ACLT) were used to establish the early-stage OA model (6-week). The light/dark (LD) cycle shifted 12 h per week for 22 weeks in order to establish a chronic CRD model. BMAL1 knockdown (KD) and Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition were performed in chondrocytes. The contents of proinflammatory factors and OA biomarkers in serum and chondrocyte secretions were detected by ELISA. Pathological and immunohistochemical staining of articular cartilage indicated the deterioration of cartilage. WB and qPCR were used to evaluate the relationship between matrix degradation and the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in chondrocytes. We found that chronic CRD could cause OA-like pathological changes in knee cartilage of rats, accelerating cartilage matrix degradation and synovial inflammation. The expression of MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and β-catenin increased significantly; BMAL1, Aggrecan, and COL2A1 decreased significantly in either LD-shifted cartilage or BMAL1-KD chondrocytes. The expression of β-catenin and p-GSK-3β elevated, while p-β-catenin and GSK-3β diminished. The inhibitor XAV-939 was able to mitigated the increased inflammation produced by transfected siBMAL1. Our study demonstrates that chronic CRD disrupts the balance of matrix synthesis and catabolic metabolism in cartilage and chondrocytes, and it is related to the activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Song
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianwen Ma
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hailong Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingchao Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuanbo Sheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Gao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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35
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Observational and genetic evidence highlight the association of human sleep behaviors with the incidence of fracture. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1339. [PMID: 34837057 PMCID: PMC8626439 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We combined conventional evidence from longitudinal data in UK Biobank and genetic evidence from Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to infer the causality between sleep behaviors and fracture risk. We found that participants with insomnia showed 6.4% higher risk of fracture (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.064, 95% CI = 1.038-1.090, P = 7.84 × 10-7), falls and bone mineral density (BMD) mediated 24.6% and 10.6% of the intermediary effect; the MR analyses provided the consistent evidence. A U-shape relationship was observed between sleep duration and fracture risk (P < 0.001) with the lowest risk at sleeping 7-8 h per day. The excessive daytime sleepiness and "evening" chronotype were associated with fracture risk in observational study, but the association between chronotype and fracture did not show in MR analyses. We further generated a sleep risk score (SRS) with potential risk factors (i.e., insomnia, sleep duration, chronotype, and daytime sleepiness). We found that the risk of fracture increased with an increasing SRS (HR = 1.087, 95% CI = 1.065-1.111, P = 1.27 × 10-14). Moreover, 17.4% of the fracture cases would be removed if all participants exhibited a healthy sleep pattern. In conclusion, insomnia had a causal effect on fracture, falls had a larger intermediary effect than BMD in this association. Individuals with fracture risk could benefit from the intervention on unhealthy sleep pattern.
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36
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Winter EM, Kooijman S, Appelman-Dijkstra NM, Meijer OC, Rensen PC, Schilperoort M. Chronobiology and Chronotherapy of Osteoporosis. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10504. [PMID: 34693186 PMCID: PMC8520066 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological circadian (ie, 24-hour) rhythms are critical for bone health. Animal studies have shown that genes involved in the intrinsic molecular clock demonstrate potent circadian expression patterns in bone and that genetic disruption of these clock genes results in a disturbed bone structure and quality. More importantly, circulating markers of bone remodeling show diurnal variation in mice as well as humans, and circadian disruption by, eg, working night shifts is associated with the bone remodeling disorder osteoporosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the current literature on rhythmic bone remodeling and its underlying mechanisms and identify critical knowledge gaps. In addition, we discuss novel (chrono)therapeutic strategies to reduce osteoporosis by utilizing our knowledge on circadian regulation of bone. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Winter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine Leiden The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, Center for Bone Quality Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Natasha M Appelman-Dijkstra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine Leiden The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, Center for Bone Quality Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Cn Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Schilperoort
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine Leiden The Netherlands
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37
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Luo B, Zhou X, Tang Q, Yin Y, Feng G, Li S, Chen L. Circadian rhythms affect bone reconstruction by regulating bone energy metabolism. J Transl Med 2021; 19:410. [PMID: 34579752 PMCID: PMC8477514 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is one of the most complex cellular biochemical reactions, providing energy and substances for basic activities such as cell growth and proliferation. Early studies have shown that glucose is an important nutrient in osteoblasts. In addition, amino acid metabolism and fat metabolism also play important roles in bone reconstruction. Mammalian circadian clocks regulate the circadian cycles of various physiological functions. In vertebrates, circadian rhythms are mediated by a set of central clock genes: muscle and brain ARNT like-1 (Bmal1), muscle and brain ARNT like-2 (Bmal2), circadian rhythmic motion output cycle stagnates (Clock), cryptochrome 1 (Cry1), cryptochrome2 (Cry2), period 1 (Per1), period 2 (Per2), period 3 (Per3) and neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (Npas2). Negative feedback loops, controlled at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels, adjust these clock genes in a diurnal manner. According to the results of studies on circadian transcriptomic studies in several tissues, most rhythmic genes are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and are affected by tissue-specific circadian rhythms. The circadian rhythm regulates several activities, including energy metabolism, feeding time, sleeping, and endocrine and immune functions. It has been reported that the circadian rhythms of mammals are closely related to bone metabolism. In this review, we discuss the regulation of the circadian rhythm/circadian clock gene in osteoblasts/osteoclasts and the energy metabolism of bone, and the relationship between circadian rhythm, bone remodeling, and energy metabolism. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of regulating circadian rhythms or changing energy metabolism on bone development/bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guangxia Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shue Li
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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LLabre JE, Trujillo R, Sroga GE, Figueiro MG, Vashishth D. Circadian rhythm disruption with high-fat diet impairs glycemic control and bone quality. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21786. [PMID: 34411349 PMCID: PMC8534979 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100610rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biological functions, including glycemic control and bone metabolism, are highly influenced by the body's internal clock. Circadian rhythms are biological rhythms that run with a period close to 24 hours and receive input from environmental stimuli, such as the light/dark cycle. We investigated the effects of circadian rhythm disruption (CRD), through alteration of the light/dark schedule, on glycemic control and bone quality of mice. Ten-week-old male mice (C57/BL6, n = 48) were given a low-fat diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and kept on a dayshift or altered schedule (RSS3) for 22 weeks. Mice were divided into four experimental groups (n = 12/group): Dayshift/LFD, Dayshift/HFD, RSS3/LFD, and RSS3/HFD. CRD in growing mice fed a HFD resulted in a diabetic state, with a 36.2% increase in fasting glucose levels compared to the Dayshift/LFD group. Micro-CT scans of femora revealed a reduction in inner and outer surface expansion for mice on a HFD and altered light schedule. Cancellous bone demonstrated deterioration of bone quality as trabecular number and thickness decreased while trabecular separation increased. While HFD increased cortical bone mineral density, its combination with CRD reduced this phenomenon. The growth of mineral crystals, determined by small angle X-ray scattering, showed HFD led to smaller crystals. Considering modifications of the organic matrix, regardless of diet, CRD exacerbated the accumulation of fluorescent advanced glycation end-products (fAGEs) in collagen. Strength testing of tibiae showed that CRD mitigated the higher strength in the HFD group and increased brittleness indicated by lower post-yield deflection and work-to-fracture. Consistent with accumulation of fAGEs, various measures of toughness were lowered with CRD, but combination of CRD with HFD protected against this decrease. Differences between strength and toughness results represent different contributions of structural and material properties of bone to energy dissipation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that combination of CRD with HFD impairs glycemic control and have complex effects on bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E. LLabre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Ruben Trujillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Grażyna E. Sroga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | | | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
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Munmun F, Witt-Enderby PA. Melatonin effects on bone: Implications for use as a therapy for managing bone loss. J Pineal Res 2021; 71:e12749. [PMID: 34085304 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is the primary circadian output signal from the brain and is mainly synthesized in pinealocytes. The rhythm and secretion of melatonin are under the control of an endogenous oscillator located in the SCN or the master biological clock. Disruptions in circadian rhythms by shift work, aging, or light at night are associated with bone loss and increased fracture risk. Restoration of nocturnal melatonin peaks to normal levels or therapeutic levels through timed melatonin supplementation has been demonstrated to provide bone-protective actions in various models. Melatonin is a unique molecule with diverse molecular actions targeting melatonin receptors located on the plasma membrane or mitochondria or acting independently of receptors through its actions as an antioxidant or free radical scavenger to stimulate osteoblastogenesis, inhibit osteoclastogenesis, and improve bone density. Its additional actions on entraining circadian rhythms and improving quality of life in an aging population coupled with its safety profile make it an ideal therapeutic candidate for protecting against bone loss in susceptible populations. The intent of this review is to provide a focused discussion on bone loss and disorders of the bone as it relates to melatonin and conditions that modify melatonin levels with the hope that future therapies include those that include melatonin and correct those factors that modify melatonin levels like circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Munmun
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paula A Witt-Enderby
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review briefly summarizes the growing body of literature addressing the skeletal consequences of sleep and circadian disruption. RECENT FINDINGS The most recent data in the field suggest that the diurnal variation in bone turnover markers are because of endogenous circadian rhythmicity linked to clock genes in all bone cells; in a small human intervention study, cumulative sleep restriction with concurrent circadian disruption negatively alter bone turnover markers in a way that could explain the lower BMD and increased fracture risk identified in some prior night shift work studies; abnormal sleep duration and obstructive sleep apnea are associated with low BMD and increased fracture risk in some but not all studies. SUMMARY Normal physiology and some animal and human intervention studies suggest that sleep and circadian disruptions, such as night shift work, abnormal sleep durations and obstructive sleep apnea are detrimental to skeletal health. However, additional research in this area is needed to determine which sleep/circadian disturbances are most detrimental to skeletal health, the reversibility of such impairments, and underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Swanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Chen D, Wang Q, Li Y, Sun P, Kuek V, Yuan J, Yang J, Wen L, Wang H, Xu J, Chen P. Notopterol Attenuates Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Osteoporosis via Repressing RANKL Signaling and Reactive Oxygen Species. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:664836. [PMID: 34149419 PMCID: PMC8210423 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.664836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrity of the skeleton is sustained through the balanced activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone remodeling unit. The balance can be disrupted by excessive osteoclasts activation commonly seen in osteoporosis. Notopterol (NOT) is a main component of Notopterygium incisum which exerts a wide spectrum effect on biomedical pharmacology. In our study, we found NOT serves as an inhibitor in regulating RANKL-activated osteoclasts formation and bone resorption function by calculating tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP) staining and hydroxyapatite resorption assays. Furthermore, RANKL-mediated signaling pathways including MAPK, NF-κB and calcium ossification were hampered, whereas ROS scavenging enzymes in Nrf2/Keap1/ARE signaling pathways were promoted by NOT. In addition, the activation of the essential transcription factor NFATc1 in RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis was almost totally suppressed by NOT. What is more, NOT diminished the loss of bone mass in preclinical model of OVX mice by blocking osteoclastogenesis determined by bone histomorphometry, TRAcP staining and H&E staining. Conclusively, our findings demonstrated that NOT could arrest osteoclastogenesis and bone resorptive activity by attenuating RANKL-mediated MAPK, NF-κB, calcium and NFATc1 signaling transduction pathways and enhancing ROS scavenging enzymes in Nrf2/Keap1/ARE pathways in vitro, and prohibit bone loss induced by OVX in vivo. Taken together, NOT may be identified to be a natural and novel treatment for osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clifford Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Vincent Kuek
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jinbo Yuan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Junzheng Yang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longfei Wen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clifford Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Regulation and Role of Transcription Factors in Osteogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115445. [PMID: 34064134 PMCID: PMC8196788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue constantly responding to environmental changes such as nutritional and mechanical stress. Bone homeostasis in adult life is maintained through bone remodeling, a controlled and balanced process between bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. Osteoblasts secrete matrix, with some being buried within the newly formed bone, and differentiate to osteocytes. During embryogenesis, bones are formed through intramembraneous or endochondral ossification. The former involves a direct differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor to osteoblasts, and the latter is through a cartilage template that is subsequently converted to bone. Advances in lineage tracing, cell sorting, and single-cell transcriptome studies have enabled new discoveries of gene regulation, and new populations of skeletal stem cells in multiple niches, including the cartilage growth plate, chondro-osseous junction, bone, and bone marrow, in embryonic development and postnatal life. Osteoblast differentiation is regulated by a master transcription factor RUNX2 and other factors such as OSX/SP7 and ATF4. Developmental and environmental cues affect the transcriptional activities of osteoblasts from lineage commitment to differentiation at multiple levels, fine-tuned with the involvement of co-factors, microRNAs, epigenetics, systemic factors, circadian rhythm, and the microenvironments. In this review, we will discuss these topics in relation to transcriptional controls in osteogenesis.
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Samsa WE, Mamidi MK, Hausman BS, Bashur LA, Greenfield EM, Zhou G. The master developmental regulator Jab1/Cops5/Csn5 is essential for proper bone growth and survival in mice. Bone 2021; 143:115733. [PMID: 33157284 PMCID: PMC7769967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Jab1, also known as Csn5/Cops5, is a key subunit of the COP9 Signalosome, a highly conserved macromolecular complex. We previously reported that the conditional knockout of Jab1 in mouse limb buds and chondrocytes results in severely shortened limbs and neonatal lethal chondrodysplasia, respectively. In this study, we further investigated the specific role of Jab1 in osteoblast differentiation and postnatal bone growth by characterizing a novel mouse model, the Osx-cre; Jab1flox/flox conditional knockout (Jab1 cKO) mouse, in which Jab1 is deleted in osteoblast precursor cells. Jab1 cKO mutant mice appeared normal at birth, but developed progressive dwarfism. Inevitably, all mutant mice died prior to weaning age. The histological and micro-computed tomography analysis of mutant long bones revealed severely altered bone microarchitecture, with a significant reduction in trabecular thickness. Moreover, Jab1 cKO mouse tibiae had a drastic decrease in mineralization near the epiphyseal growth plates, and Jab1 cKO mice also developed spontaneous fractures near the tibiofibular junction. Additionally, our cell culture studies demonstrated that Jab1 deletion in osteoblast precursors led to decreased mineralization and a reduced response to TGFβ and BMP signaling. Moreover, an unbiased reporter screen also identified decreased TGFβ activity in Jab1-knockdown osteoblasts. Thus, Jab1 is necessary for proper osteoblast differentiation and postnatal bone growth, likely in part through its positive regulation of the TGFβ and BMP signaling pathways in osteoblast progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Samsa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Murali K Mamidi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Bryan S Hausman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lindsay A Bashur
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Guang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Gengatharan A, Malvaut S, Marymonchyk A, Ghareghani M, Snapyan M, Fischer-Sternjak J, Ninkovic J, Götz M, Saghatelyan A. Adult neural stem cell activation in mice is regulated by the day/night cycle and intracellular calcium dynamics. Cell 2021; 184:709-722.e13. [PMID: 33482084 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain transit from the quiescent state to proliferation to produce new neurons. The mechanisms regulating this transition in freely behaving animals are, however, poorly understood. We customized in vivo imaging protocols to follow NSCs for several days up to months, observing their activation kinetics in freely behaving mice. Strikingly, NSC division is more frequent during daylight and is inhibited by darkness-induced melatonin signaling. The inhibition of melatonin receptors affected intracellular Ca2+ dynamics and promoted NSC activation. We further discovered a Ca2+ signature of quiescent versus activated NSCs and showed that several microenvironmental signals converge on intracellular Ca2+ pathways to regulate NSC quiescence and activation. In vivo NSC-specific optogenetic modulation of Ca2+ fluxes to mimic quiescent-state-like Ca2+ dynamics in freely behaving mice blocked NSC activation and maintained their quiescence, pointing to the regulatory mechanisms mediating NSC activation in freely behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Gengatharan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sarah Malvaut
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Alina Marymonchyk
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Majid Ghareghani
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marina Snapyan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Judith Fischer-Sternjak
- Division of Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Division of Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Armen Saghatelyan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Morris H, Gonçalves CF, Dudek M, Hoyland J, Meng QJ. Tissue physiology revolving around the clock: circadian rhythms as exemplified by the intervertebral disc. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:828-839. [PMID: 33397731 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks in the brain and peripheral tissues temporally coordinate local physiology to align with the 24 hours rhythmic environment through light/darkness, rest/activity and feeding/fasting cycles. Circadian disruptions (during ageing, shift work and jet-lag) have been proposed as a risk factor for degeneration and disease of tissues, including the musculoskeletal system. The intervertebral disc (IVD) in the spine separates the bony vertebrae and permits movement of the spinal column. IVD degeneration is highly prevalent among the ageing population and is a leading cause of lower back pain. The IVD is known to experience diurnal changes in loading patterns driven by the circadian rhythm in rest/activity cycles. In recent years, emerging evidence indicates the existence of molecular circadian clocks within the IVD, disruption to which accelerates tissue ageing and predispose animals to IVD degeneration. The cell-intrinsic circadian clocks in the IVD control key aspects of physiology and pathophysiology by rhythmically regulating the expression of ~3.5% of the IVD transcriptome, allowing cells to cope with the drastic biomechanical and chemical changes that occur throughout the day. Indeed, epidemiological studies on long-term shift workers have shown an increased incidence of lower back pain. In this review, we summarise recent findings of circadian rhythms in health and disease, with the IVD as an exemplar tissue system. We focus on rhythmic IVD functions and discuss implications of utilising biological timing mechanisms to improve tissue health and mitigate degeneration. These findings may have broader implications in chronic rheumatic conditions, given the recent findings of musculoskeletal circadian clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honor Morris
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cátia F Gonçalves
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michal Dudek
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Judith Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK .,NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK .,Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Koshi R, Matsumoto K, Imanishi Y, Kawato T, Sato S, Shimba S, Arai Y, Honda K. Morphological characteristics of interalveolar septum and mandible in BMAL1 gene knockout mice. J Oral Sci 2021; 63:83-86. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.20-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Koshi
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Kunihito Matsumoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Yusuke Imanishi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Takayuki Kawato
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Shuichi Sato
- Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University
| | - Yoshinori Arai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Kazuya Honda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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Lee S, Krüger BT, Ignatius A, Tuckermann J. Distinct Glucocorticoid Receptor Actions in Bone Homeostasis and Bone Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:815386. [PMID: 35082759 PMCID: PMC8784516 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.815386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that respond to stress and the circadian rhythm. Pharmacological GCs are widely used to treat autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases despite their adverse effects on bone after long-term therapy. GCs regulate bone homeostasis in a cell-type specific manner, affecting osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. Endogenous physiological and exogenous/excessive GCs act via nuclear receptors, mainly via the GC receptor (GR). Endogenous GCs have anabolic effects on bone mass regulation, while excessive or exogenous GCs can cause detrimental effects on bone. GC-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is a common adverse effect after GC therapy, which increases the risk of fractures. Exogenous GC treatment impairs osteoblastogenesis, survival of the osteoblasts/osteocytes and prolongs the longevity of osteoclasts. Under normal physiological conditions, endogenous GCs are regulated by the circadian rhythm and circadian genes display oscillatory rhythmicity in bone cells. However, exogenous GCs treatment disturbs the circadian rhythm. Recent evidence suggests that the disturbed circadian rhythm by continuous exogenous GCs treatment can in itself hamper bone integrity. GC signaling is also important for fracture healing and rheumatoid arthritis, where crosstalk among several cell types including macrophages and stromal cells is indispensable. This review summarizes the complexity of GC actions via GR in bone cells at cellular and molecular levels, including the effect on circadian rhythmicity, and outlines new therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of their adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Lee
- Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Thilo Krüger
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jan Tuckermann,
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Chirico N, Van Laake LW, Sluijter JPG, van Mil A, Dierickx P. Cardiac circadian rhythms in time and space: The future is in 4D. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 57:49-59. [PMID: 33338891 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock synchronizes the body into 24-h cycles, thereby anticipating variations in tissue-specific diurnal tasks, such as response to increased cardiac metabolic demand during the active period of the day. As a result, blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and occurrence of fatal cardiovascular events fluctuate in a diurnal manner. The heart contains different cell types that make up and reside in an environment of biochemical, mechanical, and topographical signaling. Cardiac architecture is essential for proper heart development as well as for maintenance of cell homeostasis and tissue repair. In this review, we describe the possibilities of studying circadian rhythmicity in the heart by using advanced in vitro systems that mimic the native cardiac 3D microenvironment which can be tuned in time and space. Harnessing the knowledge that originates from those in vitro models could significantly improve innovative cardiac modeling and regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Chirico
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alain van Mil
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pieterjan Dierickx
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA.
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Frazier K, Frith M, Harris D, Leone VA. Mediators of Host–Microbe Circadian Rhythms in Immunity and Metabolism. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120417. [PMID: 33255707 PMCID: PMC7761326 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Circadian rhythms serve as the body’s internal metronome, driving responses to environmental cues over a 24-h period. Essential to nearly all life forms, the core circadian clock gene network drives physiological outputs associated with metabolic and immune responses. Modern-day disruptions to host circadian rhythms, such as shift work and jet lag, result in aberrant metabolic responses and development of complex diseases, including obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. These complex diseases are also impacted by interactions between gut microbes and the host immune system, driving a chronic low-grade inflammatory response. Gut microbes exhibit circadian dynamics that are closely tied to host circadian networks and disrupting microbial rhythmicity contributes to metabolic diseases. The underlying mediators that drive communication between host metabolism, the immune system, gut microbes, and circadian networks remain unknown, particularly in humans. Here, we explore the current state of knowledge regarding the transkingdom control of circadian networks and discuss gaps and challenges to overcome to push the field forward from the preclinical to clinical setting. Abstract Circadian rhythms are essential for nearly all life forms, mediated by a core molecular gene network that drives downstream molecular processes involved in immune function and metabolic regulation. These biological rhythms serve as the body’s metronome in response to the 24-h light:dark cycle and other timed stimuli. Disrupted circadian rhythms due to drastic lifestyle and environmental shifts appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, although the mechanisms remain elusive. Gut microbiota membership and function are also key mediators of metabolism and are highly sensitive to environmental perturbations. Recent evidence suggests rhythmicity of gut microbes is essential for host metabolic health. The key molecular mediators that transmit rhythmic signals between microbes and host metabolic networks remain unclear, but studies suggest the host immune system may serve as a conduit between these two systems, providing homeostatic signals to maintain overall metabolic health. Despite this knowledge, the precise mechanism and communication modalities that drive these rhythms remain unclear, especially in humans. Here, we review the current literature examining circadian dynamics of gut microbes, the immune system, and metabolism in the context of metabolic dysregulation and provide insights into gaps and challenges that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Frazier
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (K.F.); (M.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Mary Frith
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (K.F.); (M.F.); (D.H.)
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dylan Harris
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (K.F.); (M.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Vanessa A. Leone
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (K.F.); (M.F.); (D.H.)
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-608-262-5551
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Bedont JL, Iascone DM, Sehgal A. The Lineage Before Time: Circadian and Nonclassical Clock Influences on Development. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2020; 36:469-509. [PMID: 33021821 PMCID: PMC10826104 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diverse factors including metabolism, chromatin remodeling, and mitotic kinetics influence development at the cellular level. These factors are well known to interact with the circadian transcriptional-translational feedback loop (TTFL) after its emergence. What is only recently becoming clear, however, is how metabolism, mitosis, and epigenetics may become organized in a coordinated cyclical precursor signaling module in pluripotent cells prior to the onset of TTFL cycling. We propose that both the precursor module and the TTFL module constrain cellular identity when they are active during development, and that the emergence of these modules themselves is a key lineage marker. Here we review the component pathways underlying these ideas; how proliferation, specification, and differentiation decisions in both developmental and adult stem cell populations are or are not regulated by the classical TTFL; and emerging evidence that we propose implies a primordial clock that precedes the classical TTFL and influences early developmental decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lewis Bedont
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Daniel Maxim Iascone
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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