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Johnson AK, McCurdy VJ, Gray-Edwards HL, Maguire AS, Cochran JN, Gross AL, Skinner HE, Randle AN, Shirley JL, Brunson BL, Bradbury AM, Leroy SG, Hwang M, Rockwell HE, Cox NR, Baker HJ, Seyfried TN, Sena-Esteves M, Martin DR. Life-Limiting Peripheral Organ Dysfunction in Feline Sandhoff Disease Emerges after Effective CNS Gene Therapy. Ann Neurol 2023; 94:969-986. [PMID: 37526361 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GM2 gangliosidosis is usually fatal by 5 years of age in its 2 major subtypes, Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease. First reported in 1881, GM2 gangliosidosis has no effective treatment today, and children succumb to the disease after a protracted neurodegenerative course and semi-vegetative state. This study seeks to further develop adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy for human translation. METHODS Cats with Sandhoff disease were treated by intracranial injection of vectors expressing feline β-N-acetylhexosaminidase, the enzyme deficient in GM2 gangliosidosis. RESULTS Hexosaminidase activity throughout the brain and spinal cord was above normal after treatment, with highest activities at the injection sites (thalamus and deep cerebellar nuclei). Ganglioside storage was reduced throughout the brain and spinal cord, with near complete clearance in many regions. While untreated cats with Sandhoff disease lived for 4.4 ± 0.6 months, AAV-treated cats lived to 19.1 ± 8.6 months, and 3 of 9 cats lived >21 months. Correction of the central nervous system was so effective that significant increases in lifespan led to the emergence of otherwise subclinical peripheral disease, including megacolon, enlarged stomach and urinary bladder, soft tissue spinal cord compression, and patellar luxation. Throughout the gastrointestinal tract, neurons of the myenteric and submucosal plexuses developed profound pathology, demonstrating that the enteric nervous system was inadequately treated. INTERPRETATION The vector formulation in the current study effectively treats neuropathology in feline Sandhoff disease, but whole-body targeting will be an important consideration in next-generation approaches. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:969-986.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aime K Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Victoria J McCurdy
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Heather L Gray-Edwards
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Anne S Maguire
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - J Nicholas Cochran
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Amanda L Gross
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Haleigh E Skinner
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Ashley N Randle
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Jamie L Shirley
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Brandon L Brunson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Allison M Bradbury
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Stanley G Leroy
- Department of Neurology and Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Misako Hwang
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Hannah E Rockwell
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy R Cox
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Henry J Baker
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Thomas N Seyfried
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Neurology and Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas R Martin
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Kell P, Sidhu R, Qian M, Mishra S, Nicoli ER, D'Souza P, Tifft CJ, Gross AL, Gray-Edwards HL, Martin DR, Sena-Esteves M, Dietzen DJ, Singh M, Luo J, Schaffer JE, Ory DS, Jiang X. A pentasaccharide for monitoring pharmacodynamic response to gene therapy in GM1 gangliosidosis. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104627. [PMID: 37267847 PMCID: PMC10277919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GM1 gangliosidosis is a rare, fatal, neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the GLB1 gene and deficiency in β-galactosidase. Delay of symptom onset and increase in lifespan in a GM1 gangliosidosis cat model after adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene therapy treatment provide the basis for AAV gene therapy trials. The availability of validated biomarkers would greatly improve assessment of therapeutic efficacy. METHODS The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to screen oligosaccharides as potential biomarkers for GM1 gangliosidosis. The structures of pentasaccharide biomarkers were determined with mass spectrometry, as well as chemical and enzymatic degradations. Comparison of LC-MS/MS data of endogenous and synthetic compounds confirmed the identification. The study samples were analyzed with fully validated LC-MS/MS methods. FINDINGS We identified two pentasaccharide biomarkers, H3N2a and H3N2b, that were elevated more than 18-fold in patient plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine. Only H3N2b was detectable in the cat model, and it was negatively correlated with β-galactosidase activity. Following intravenous (IV) AAV9 gene therapy treatment, reduction of H3N2b was observed in central nervous system, urine, plasma, and CSF samples from the cat model and in urine, plasma, and CSF samples from a patient. Reduction of H3N2b accurately reflected normalization of neuropathology in the cat model and improvement of clinical outcomes in the patient. INTERPRETATIONS These results demonstrate that H3N2b is a useful pharmacodynamic biomarker to evaluate the efficacy of gene therapy for GM1 gangliosidosis. H3N2b will facilitate the translation of gene therapy from animal models to patients. FUNDING This work was supported by grants U01NS114156, R01HD060576, ZIAHG200409, and P30 DK020579 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and a grant from National Tay-Sachs and Allied Diseases Association Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Kell
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rohini Sidhu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mingxing Qian
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sonali Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Elena-Raluca Nicoli
- Medical Genetics Branch and Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Precilla D'Souza
- Medical Genetics Branch and Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- Medical Genetics Branch and Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amanda L Gross
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Heather L Gray-Edwards
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Douglas R Martin
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Neurology, Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Dennis J Dietzen
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Manmilan Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jean E Schaffer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xuntian Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Guo Z. Ganglioside GM1 and the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119558. [PMID: 37298512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
GM1 is one of the major glycosphingolipids (GSLs) on the cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS). Its expression level, distribution pattern, and lipid composition are dependent upon cell and tissue type, developmental stage, and disease state, which suggests a potentially broad spectrum of functions of GM1 in various neurological and neuropathological processes. The major focus of this review is the roles that GM1 plays in the development and activities of brains, such as cell differentiation, neuritogenesis, neuroregeneration, signal transducing, memory, and cognition, as well as the molecular basis and mechanisms for these functions. Overall, GM1 is protective for the CNS. Additionally, this review has also examined the relationships between GM1 and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, GM1 gangliosidosis, Huntington's disease, epilepsy and seizure, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, depression, alcohol dependence, etc., and the functional roles and therapeutic applications of GM1 in these disorders. Finally, current obstacles that hinder more in-depth investigations and understanding of GM1 and the future directions in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Brune JE, Chen AV, Coffey T. Determination of the effect of iatrogenic blood contamination on lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activity in canine cerebrospinal fluid. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:64-70. [PMID: 36336843 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) have differential tissue activity and isoenzyme profiles. LDH and CK exist as 5 and 3 isoenzymes, respectively, in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Studies have demonstrated that measuring LDH, CK, and their isoenzymes in CSF has diagnostic and prognostic values for dogs and people with neurologic disorders. OBJECTIVES Iatrogenic blood contamination can distort the results of CSF analysis. The purpose of this study was to determine allowable thresholds of blood contamination (RBC/μL) for accurate measurement of LDH, CK, and their isoenzymes in canine CSF. METHODS Venous blood and CSF were collected from healthy dogs. Total LDH and CK activity were measured spectrophotometrically. Isoenzyme profiles were determined using gel electrophoresis and densitometric scanning. All samples were analyzed within 6 hours of collection. A nonlinear mixed effects regression model was used to estimate the allowable thresholds of blood contamination for accurate measurement of LDH, CK, and their isoenzymes in canine CSF. RESULTS The threshold of iatrogenic blood contamination for total LDH and total CK in healthy dogs are 6696 RBC/μL (95% CI 3879-11 187) and 5961 RBC/μL (95% CI 2939-12 085), respectively. LDH-1 is the most sensitive isoenzyme to iatrogenic blood contamination, while LDH-4 is the least sensitive. CONCLUSIONS These results are important for the interpretation of LDH, CK, and their isoenzymes in canine CSF. Additionally, our methodology is translatable for determining thresholds of acceptable iatrogenic blood contamination in CSF for other diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of neurologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jourdan E Brune
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Annie V Chen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Todd Coffey
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Carrier Rate and Mutant Allele Frequency of GM1 Gangliosidosis in Miniature Shiba Inus (Mame Shiba): Population Screening of Breeding Dogs in Japan. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101242. [PMID: 35625088 PMCID: PMC9137666 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
GM1 gangliosidosis is a progressive, recessive, autosomal, neurodegenerative, lysosomal storage disorder that affects the brain and multiple systemic organs due to an acid β-galactosidase deficiency encoded by the GLB1 gene. This disease occurs in the Shiba Inu breed, which is one of the most popular traditional breeds in Japan, due to the GLB1:c.1649delC (p.P550Rfs*50) mutation. Previous surveys performed of the Shiba Inu population in Japan found a carrier rate of 1.02–2.94%. Currently, a miniature type of the Shiba Inu called “Mame Shiba”, bred via artificial selection to yield smaller individuals, is becoming more popular than the standard Shiba Inu and it is now one of the most popular breeds in Japan and China. The GM1 gangliosidosis mutation has yet to be surveyed in the Mame Shiba population. This study aimed to determine the frequency of the mutant allele and carrier rate of GM1 gangliosidosis in the Mame Shiba breed. Blood samples were collected from 1832 clinically healthy adult Mame Shiba Inus used for breeding across 143 Japanese kennels. The genotyping was performed using a real-time PCR assay. The survey found nine carriers among the Mame Shibas, indicating that the carrier rate and mutant allele frequency were 0.49% and 0.00246, respectively. This study demonstrated that the mutant allele has already been inherited by the Mame Shiba population. There is a risk of GM1 gangliosidosis occurrence in the Mame Shiba breed if breeders use carriers for mating. Further genotyping surveys are necessary for breeding Mame Shibas to prevent the inheritance of this disease.
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Zhou H, Wu Z, Wang Y, Wu Q, Hu M, Ma S, Zhou M, Sun Y, Yu B, Ye J, Jiang W, Fu Z, Gong Y. Rare Diseases in Glycosphingolipid Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:189-213. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rha AK, Maguire AS, Martin DR. GM1 Gangliosidosis: Mechanisms and Management. Appl Clin Genet 2021; 14:209-233. [PMID: 33859490 PMCID: PMC8044076 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s206076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The lysosomal storage disorder, GM1 gangliosidosis (GM1), is a neurodegenerative condition resulting from deficiency of the enzyme β-galactosidase (β-gal). Mutation of the GLB1 gene, which codes for β-gal, prevents cleavage of the terminal β-1,4-linked galactose residue from GM1 ganglioside. Subsequent accumulation of GM1 ganglioside and other substrates in the lysosome impairs cell physiology and precipitates dysfunction of the nervous system. Beyond palliative and supportive care, no FDA-approved treatments exist for GM1 patients. Researchers are critically evaluating the efficacy of substrate reduction therapy, pharmacological chaperones, enzyme replacement therapy, stem cell transplantation, and gene therapy for GM1. A Phase I/II clinical trial for GM1 children is ongoing to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adeno-associated virus-mediated GLB1 delivery by intravenous injection, providing patients and families with hope for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allisandra K Rha
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Anne S Maguire
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Douglas R Martin
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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8
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Percival BC, Latour YL, Tifft CJ, Grootveld M. Rapid Identification of New Biomarkers for the Classification of GM1 Type 2 Gangliosidosis Using an Unbiased 1H NMR-Linked Metabolomics Strategy. Cells 2021; 10:572. [PMID: 33807817 PMCID: PMC7998791 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers currently available for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring of GM1 gangliosidosis type 2 (GM1T2) disease are mainly limited to those discovered in targeted proteomic-based studies. In order to identify and establish new, predominantly low-molecular-mass biomarkers for this disorder, we employed an untargeted, multi-analyte approach involving high-resolution 1H NMR analysis coupled to a range of multivariate analysis and computational intelligence technique (CIT) strategies to explore biomolecular distinctions between blood plasma samples collected from GM1T2 and healthy control (HC) participants (n = 10 and 28, respectively). The relationship of these differences to metabolic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of GM1T2 disorder was also investigated. 1H NMR-linked metabolomics analyses revealed significant GM1T2-mediated dysregulations in ≥13 blood plasma metabolites (corrected p < 0.04), and these included significant upregulations in 7 amino acids, and downregulations in lipoprotein-associated triacylglycerols and alanine. Indeed, results acquired demonstrated a profound distinctiveness between the GM1T2 and HC profiles. Additionally, employment of a genome-scale network model of human metabolism provided evidence that perturbations to propanoate, ethanol, amino-sugar, aspartate, seleno-amino acid, glutathione and alanine metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and most especially branched-chain amino acid degradation (p = 10-12-10-5) were the most important topologically-highlighted dysregulated pathways contributing towards GM1T2 disease pathology. Quantitative metabolite set enrichment analysis revealed that pathological locations associated with these dysfunctions were in the order fibroblasts > Golgi apparatus > mitochondria > spleen ≈ skeletal muscle ≈ muscle in general. In conclusion, results acquired demonstrated marked metabolic imbalances and alterations to energy demand, which are consistent with GM1T2 disease pathogenesis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita C. Percival
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
| | - Yvonne L. Latour
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0252, USA;
| | - Cynthia J. Tifft
- Deputy Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1205, USA;
| | - Martin Grootveld
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
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Gurda BL, Vite CH. Large animal models contribute to the development of therapies for central and peripheral nervous system dysfunction in patients with lysosomal storage diseases. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:R119-R131. [PMID: 31384936 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of 70 monogenic disorders characterized by the lysosomal accumulation of a substrate. As a group, LSDs affect ~1 in 5000 live births; however, each individual storage disease is rare, limiting the ability to perform natural history studies or to perform clinical trials. Perhaps in no other biomedical field have naturally occurring large animal (canine, feline, ovine, caprine, and bovine) models been so essential for understanding the fundamentals of disease pathogenesis and for developing safe and effective therapies. These models were critical for the development of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in α- and β- mannosidosis, fucosidosis, and the mucopolysaccharidoses; enzyme replacement therapy for fucosidosis, the mucopolysaccharidoses, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis; and small molecule therapy in Niemann-Pick type C disease. However, their most notable contributions to the biomedical field are in the development of gene therapy for LSDs. Adeno-associated viral vectors to treat nervous system disease have been evaluated in the large animal models of α-mannosidosis, globoid cell leukodystrophy, GM1 and GM2 gangliosidosis, the mucopolysaccharidoses, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. This review article will summarize the large animal models available for study as well as their contributions to the development of central and peripheral nervous system dysfunction in LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney L Gurda
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles H Vite
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Kılıç M, Kasapkara ÇS, Kılavuz S, Mungan NÖ, Biberoğlu G. A possible biomarker of neurocytolysis in infantile gangliosidoses: aspartate transaminase. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:495-503. [PMID: 30712135 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-0391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosidoses (GM1 and GM2 gangliosidosis) are rare, autosomal recessive progressive neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders caused by defects in the degradation of glycosphingolipids. We aimed to investigate clinical, biochemical and molecular genetic spectrum of Turkish patients with infantile gangliosidoses and examined the potential role of serum aspartate transaminase levels as a biomarker. We confirmed the diagnosis of GM1 and GM2 gangliosidosis based on clinical findings with specific enzyme and/or molecular analyses. We retrospectively reviewed serum aspartate transaminase levels of patients with other biochemical parameters. Serum aspartate transaminase level was elevated in all GM1 and GM2 gangliosidosis patients in whom the test was performed, along with normal alanine transaminase. Aspartate transaminase can be a biochemical diagnostic clue for infantile gangliosidoses. It might be a simple but important biomarker for diagnosis, follow up, prognosis and monitoring of the response for the future therapies in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Kılıç
- Metabolism Unit, Sami Ulus Children Hospital, Babur cad. No: 44, 06080 Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Çiğdem Seher Kasapkara
- Metabolism Unit, Sami Ulus Children Hospital, Babur cad. No: 44, 06080 Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sebile Kılavuz
- Department of Pediatrics, Metabolism Unit, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - Gürsel Biberoğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Metabolism Unit, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Elias BC, Alfieri AF, Navarro IT, Gomes LA. Neuron-specific enolase as biomarker for possible neuronal damage in dogs with distemper vírus. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a biomarker of neuronal cell lysis, which demonstrates stability in extracellular fluids such as blood and cerebrospinal fluid. To the authors knowledge there is no research information comparing the use of NSE in dogs with and without encephalitis, putting in evidence the importance of that biomarker to detect neuronal damage in dogs. The objective was to compare the serum NSE levels in dogs with and without encephalitis, and to determine the serum NSE levels in normal dogs. Thirty eight dogs were evaluated, 19 dogs with encephalitis (EG Group) and 19 dogs without encephalitis (CG Group). The criteria for inclusion in the EG Group were presence of neurological signs in more than one part of the CNS (multifocal syndrome) and positive molecular diagnosis for canine distemper virus; for the CG Group were an age between 1 to 7 years and be clinically normal; NSE were measured in serum using an ELISA assay, and the results were compared. In the EG Group the NSE values were higher with significant difference (P=0.0053) when compared with the CG Group. NSE is a biomarker that can be measured in serum samples of dogs to monitor neuronal lesions in encephalitis.
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12
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Lee JS, Choi JM, Lee M, Kim SY, Lee S, Lim BC, Cheon JE, Kim IO, Kim KJ, Choi M, Seong MW, Chae JH. Diagnostic challenge for the rare lysosomal storage disease: Late infantile GM1 gangliosidosis. Brain Dev 2018; 40:383-390. [PMID: 29439846 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GM1 gangliosidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by GLB1 mutations. Because of its extreme rarity and symptoms that overlap with other neurodegenerative diseases, its diagnosis is sometimes challenging, especially in the late infantile form with less severe phenotype. We aim to expand the clinical and genetic spectrum of late infantile GM1 gangliosidosis. METHODS We confirmed a diagnosis of GM1 gangliosidosis based on GLB1 mutations and/or the deficiency of β-galactosidase activity. We identified the first two cases by whole-exome sequencing, and then the other six cases by direct sequencing of GLB1 with enzyme analysis. RESULTS All eight patients presented with developmental delay or regression during late infancy and later developed epilepsy, mostly intractable generalized tonic seizures. No clinical signs of storage disorders were noted except for skeletal abnormalities. Interestingly, we found aspartate transaminase (AST) elevations alone with normal alanine transaminase (ALT) levels in all patients. The recurrent mutation, p.D448V in GLB1, accounted for 50.0% of total alleles in our cohort. CONCLUSIONS With a high index of clinical suspicion, skeletal survey and AST level would be important for early diagnosis of GM1 gangliosidosis. In addition, we would highlight the clinical usefulness of whole-exome sequencing in the diagnosis of non-classical presentation of ultra-rare neurodegenerative disease in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sook Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Moon Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Green Cross Genome, Green Cross Laboratories, Yong-in, South Korea
| | - Moses Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangmoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Chan Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Cheon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-One Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Joong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moon-Woo Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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13
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Ito D, Ishikawa C, Jeffery ND, Ono K, Tsuboi M, Uchida K, Yamato O, Kitagawa M. Two-Year Follow-Up Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Findings and Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis of a Dog with Sandhoff's Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:797-804. [PMID: 29478290 PMCID: PMC5867010 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A 13‐month‐old female Toy Poodle was presented for progressive ataxia and intention tremors of head movement. The diagnosis of Sandhoff's disease (GM2 gangliosidosis) was confirmed by deficient β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase A and B activity in circulating leukocytes and identification of the homozygous mutation (HEXB: c.283delG). White matter in the cerebrum and cerebellum was hyperintense on T2‐weighted and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance images. Over the next 2 years, the white matter lesions expanded, and bilateral lesions appeared in the cerebellum and thalamus, associated with clinical deterioration. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed progressive decrease in brain N‐acetylaspartate, and glycine‐myo‐inositol and lactate‐alanine were increased in the terminal clinical stage. The concentrations of myelin basic protein and neuron specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid were persistently increased. Imaging and spectroscopic appearance correlated with histopathological findings of severe myelin loss in cerebral and cerebellar white matter and destruction of the majority of cerebral and cerebellar neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ito
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - C Ishikawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - N D Jeffery
- Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX
| | - K Ono
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - M Tsuboi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - O Yamato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - M Kitagawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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14
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Gray-Edwards HL, Regier DS, Shirley JL, Randle AN, Salibi N, Thomas SE, Latour YL, Johnston J, Golas G, Maguire AS, Taylor AR, Sorjonen DC, McCurdy VJ, Christopherson PW, Bradbury AM, Beyers RJ, Johnson AK, Brunson BL, Cox NR, Baker HJ, Denney TS, Sena-Esteves M, Tifft CJ, Martin DR. Novel Biomarkers of Human GM1 Gangliosidosis Reflect the Clinical Efficacy of Gene Therapy in a Feline Model. Mol Ther 2017; 25:892-903. [PMID: 28236574 PMCID: PMC5383552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
GM1 gangliosidosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects individuals of all ages. Favorable outcomes using adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene therapy in GM1 mice and cats have prompted consideration of human clinical trials, yet there remains a paucity of objective biomarkers to track disease status. We developed a panel of biomarkers using blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), electrodiagnostics, 7 T MRI, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in GM1 cats-either untreated or AAV treated for more than 5 years-and compared them to markers in human GM1 patients where possible. Significant alterations were noted in CSF and blood of GM1 humans and cats, with partial or full normalization after gene therapy in cats. Gene therapy improved the rhythmic slowing of electroencephalograms (EEGs) in GM1 cats, a phenomenon present also in GM1 patients, but nonetheless the epileptiform activity persisted. After gene therapy, MR-based analyses revealed remarkable preservation of brain architecture and correction of brain metabolites associated with microgliosis, neuroaxonal loss, and demyelination. Therapeutic benefit of AAV gene therapy in GM1 cats, many of which maintain near-normal function >5 years post-treatment, supports the strong consideration of human clinical trials, for which the biomarkers described herein will be essential for outcome assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Gray-Edwards
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Debra S Regier
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jamie L Shirley
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ashley N Randle
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Nouha Salibi
- MR R&D, Siemens Healthcare, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Sarah E Thomas
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yvonne L Latour
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jean Johnston
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gretchen Golas
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Annie S Maguire
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Amanda R Taylor
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Donald C Sorjonen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Victoria J McCurdy
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Peter W Christopherson
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Allison M Bradbury
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ronald J Beyers
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Aime K Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Brandon L Brunson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Nancy R Cox
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Henry J Baker
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thomas S Denney
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Neurology and Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Douglas R Martin
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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15
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Biomarkers for disease progression and AAV therapeutic efficacy in feline Sandhoff disease. Exp Neurol 2014; 263:102-12. [PMID: 25284324 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The GM2 gangliosidoses, Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) and Sandhoff disease (SD), are progressive neurodegenerative disorders that are caused by a mutation in the enzyme β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (Hex). Due to the recent emergence of novel experimental treatments, biomarker development has become particularly relevant in GM2 gangliosidosis as an objective means to measure therapeutic efficacy. Here we describe blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electrodiagnostic methods for evaluating disease progression in the feline SD model and application of these approaches to assess AAV-mediated gene therapy. SD cats were treated by intracranial injections of the thalami combined with either the deep cerebellar nuclei or a single lateral ventricle using AAVrh8 vectors encoding feline Hex. Significantly altered in untreated SD cats, blood and CSF based biomarkers were largely normalized after AAV gene therapy. Also reduced after treatment were expansion of the lysosomal compartment in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and elevated activity of secondary lysosomal enzymes. MRI changes characteristic of the gangliosidoses were documented in SD cats and normalized after AAV gene therapy. The minimally invasive biomarkers reported herein should be useful to assess disease progression of untreated SD patients and those in future clinical trials.
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16
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Abstract
Cross-sectional imaging techniques have facilitated diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, there is still frequently a lack of definition of the cause of neurologic lesions, because tissue sampling from the pathologic site is often difficult and there are few clinical diagnostic tools to assist diagnosis. Biomarkers can assist in understanding the cause, diagnosis, severity, and prognosis for neural injury. Integration of conventional testing and new diagnostic techniques will overcome shortcomings in understanding infectious diseases of the CNS. Diagnostic tests may be limited by poor positive and negative predictive values, which must be recognized when interpreting test results.
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17
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Shafie INF, McLaughlin M, Burchmore R, Lim MAA, Montague P, Johnston PEJ, Penderis J, Anderson TJ. The chaperone protein clusterin may serve as a cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for chronic spinal cord disorders in the dog. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:311-20. [PMID: 23990410 PMCID: PMC3982024 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic spinal cord dysfunction occurs in dogs as a consequence of diverse aetiologies, including long-standing spinal cord compression and insidious neurodegenerative conditions. One such neurodegenerative condition is canine degenerative myelopathy (DM), which clinically is a challenge to differentiate from other chronic spinal cord conditions. Although the clinical diagnosis of DM can be strengthened by the identification of the Sod1 mutations that are observed in affected dogs, genetic analysis alone is insufficient to provide a definitive diagnosis. There is a requirement to identify biomarkers that can differentiate conditions with a similar clinical presentation, thus facilitating patient diagnostic and management strategies. A comparison of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein gel electrophoresis profile between idiopathic epilepsy (IE) and DM identified a protein band that was more prominent in DM. This band was subsequently found to contain a multifunctional protein clusterin (apolipoprotein J) that is protective against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis, oxidative stress, and also serves as an extracellular chaperone influencing protein aggregation. Western blot analysis of CSF clusterin confirmed elevated levels in DM compared to IE (p < 0.05). Analysis of spinal cord tissue from DM and control material found that clusterin expression was evident in neurons and that the clusterin mRNA levels from tissue extracts were elevated in DM compared to the control. The plasma clusterin levels was comparable between these groups. However, a comparison of clusterin CSF levels in a number of neurological conditions found that clusterin was elevated in both DM and chronic intervertebral disc disease (cIVDD) but not in meningoencephalitis and IE. These findings indicate that clusterin may potentially serve as a marker for chronic spinal cord disease in the dog; however, additional markers are required to differentiate DM from a concurrent condition such as cIVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intan N. F. Shafie
- />School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
- />Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mark McLaughlin
- />School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
| | - Richard Burchmore
- />Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA Scotland UK
- />Glasgow Polyomics, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland UK
| | - Mary Ann A. Lim
- />School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 599489 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Montague
- />Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA Scotland UK
| | - Pamela E. J. Johnston
- />School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
| | - Jacques Penderis
- />School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
| | - Thomas J. Anderson
- />School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
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18
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Garcia AD, Chavez JL, Mechref Y. Rapid and sensitive LC-ESI-MS of gangliosides. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 947-948:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Musteata M, Nicolescu A, Solcan G, Deleanu C. The 1H NMR profile of healthy dog cerebrospinal fluid. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81192. [PMID: 24376499 PMCID: PMC3871169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of data for reference values in cerebrospinal fluid for healthy humans is limited due to obvious practical and ethical issues. The variability of reported values for metabolites in human cerebrospinal fluid is quite large. Dogs present great similarities with humans, including in cases of central nervous system pathologies. The paper presents the first study on healthy dog cerebrospinal fluid metabolomic profile using 1H NMR spectroscopy. A number of 13 metabolites have been identified and quantified from cerebrospinal fluid collected from a group of 10 mix breed healthy dogs. The biological variability as resulting from the relative standard deviation of the physiological concentrations of the identified metabolites had a mean of 18.20% (range between 9.3% and 44.8%). The reported concentrations for metabolites may be used as normal reference values. The homogeneity of the obtained results and the low biologic variability show that the 1H NMR analysis of the dog’s cerebrospinal fluid is reliable in designing and interpreting clinical and therapeutic trials in dogs with central nervous system pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Musteata
- Clinics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Nicolescu
- Group of Biospectroscopy, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Roumanian Academy, Iasi, Romania
- Group of Biospectroscopy, Centre of Organic Chemistry, Roumanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Solcan
- Clinics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Iasi, Romania
| | - Calin Deleanu
- Group of Biospectroscopy, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Roumanian Academy, Iasi, Romania
- Group of Biospectroscopy, Centre of Organic Chemistry, Roumanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- * E-mail:
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20
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Uddin MM, Arata S, Takeuchi Y, Chang HS, Mizukami K, Yabuki A, Rahman MM, Kohyama M, Hossain MA, Takayama K, Yamato O. Molecular epidemiology of canine GM1 gangliosidosis in the Shiba Inu breed in Japan: relationship between regional prevalence and carrier frequency. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:132. [PMID: 23819787 PMCID: PMC3701567 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine GM1 gangliosidosis is a fatal disease in the Shiba Inu breed, which is one of the most popular traditional breeds in Japan and is maintained as a standard breed in many countries. Therefore, it is important to control and reduce the prevalence of GM1 gangliosidosis for maintaining the quality of this breed and to ensure supply of healthy dogs to prospective breeders and owners. This molecular epidemiological survey was performed to formulate an effective strategy for the control and prevention of this disease. RESULTS The survey was carried out among 590 clinically unaffected Shiba Inu dogs from the 8 districts of Japan, and a genotyping test was used to determine nation-wide and regional carrier frequencies. The number and native district of affected dogs identified in 16 years from 1997 to June 2013 were also surveyed retrospectively. Of the 590 dogs examined, 6 dogs (1.02%, 6/590) were carriers: 3 dogs (2.27%, 3/132) from the Kinki district and the other 3 dogs from the Hokkaido, Kanto, and Shikoku districts. The retrospective survey revealed 23 affected dogs, among which, 19 dogs (82.6%) were born within the last 7 years. Of the 23 affected dogs, 12 dogs (52.2%) were from the Kinki district. Pedigree analysis demonstrated that all the affected dogs and carriers with the pedigree information have a close blood relationship. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the current carrier frequency for GM1 gangliosidosis is on the average 1.02% in Japan and rather high in the Kinki district, which may be related to the high prevalence observed over the past 16 years in this region. This observation suggests that carrier dogs are distributed all over Japan; however, kennels in the Kinki district may face an increased risk of GM1 gangliosidosis. Therefore, for effective control and prevention of this disease, it is necessary to examine as many breeding dogs as possible from all regions of Japan, especially from kennels located in areas with high prevalence and carrier frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Uddin
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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21
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Extracellular matrix components: An intricate network of possible biomarkers for lysosomal storage disorders? FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1258-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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22
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Liu R, Li N, Liu N, Zhou X, Dong ZM, Wen XJ, Liu LC. Effects of systemic ornidazole, systemic and local compound ornidazole and pefloxacin mesylate on experimental periodontitis in rats. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:BR95-102. [PMID: 22367122 PMCID: PMC3560749 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the effects of systemic ornidazole (SO) and systemic and local compound ornidazole and pefloxacin mesylate (SCOPM/LCOMP) on the inflammatory response associated with rat experimental chronic periodontitis (ECP) in sites with subgingival debridement. Material/Methods Periodontitis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by placing a thin steel ligature around the upper first molars and inoculating them with Porphyromonas gingivalis 381. After the successful induction of the rat ECP, the periodontitis rats were randomly divided into 3 different combined treatment groups: (A) SO with scaling and root planing (SRP); (B) SCOMP with SRP; and (C) LCOMP with SRP. After 2 weeks the effects of the treatments were evaluated based on gingivitis, plaque index, probing pocket depth, aspartate aminotransferase, alveolar bone loss, and hematoxylin-eosin staining of the region around the first molars. Results After treatment, comparison with ECP was performed. The mean percentage reductions of SBI in SO, SCOPM, and LCOPM were 27.73%, 33.61%, and 58.82%, respectively. Those of PI were 33.20%, 42.80%, and 60.00%; those of PPD were 48.66%, 55.70%, and 72.48%; those of GCF-AST were 41.64%, 49.03%, and 66.42%; and those of ABL were 41.19%, 43.63%, and 54.47%, respectively. The inflammatory score of H&E showed median scores of 2.5, 1.75, 1.63, and 0.95 for ECP, SO, SCOMP, and LCOMP, respectively. All 3 treatment groups exhibited significantly reduced inflammation indicators (P<0.05). Of the 3, group C was the most effective (P<0.05). Conclusions Although all the combined treatment groups responded to therapy with significant resolution of the infection, adjunctive LCOMP therapy is more effective for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, 3rd Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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23
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Witsberger TH, Levine JM, Fosgate GT, Slater MR, Kerwin SC, Russell KE, Levine GJ. Associations between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and long-term neurologic outcome in dogs with acute intervertebral disk herniation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 240:555-62. [PMID: 22332624 DOI: 10.2460/javma.240.5.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between CSF biomarkers, initial neurologic dysfunction, and long-term ambulatory outcome in dogs with acute intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH). DESIGN Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS 54 dogs with acute thoracolumbar IVDH and 16 clinically normal dogs. PROCEDURES For each dog, variables, including CSF myelin basic protein (MBP), lactate, calcium, glucose, and total protein concentrations; nucleated cell count; and creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase activities, were measured. For dogs with thoracolumbar IVDH, initial neurologic function was characterized by use of a modified Frankel score (MFS; determined on a scale of 0 to 5, where 0 represented paraplegia with no deep nociception and 5 represented paraspinal hyperesthesia only). Long-term follow-up was assessed. RESULTS Among dogs with thoracolumbar IVDH, those with CSF CK activity ≤ 38 U/L had a 35-fold increase in the odds of long-term ambulation, compared with the odds in dogs with CSF CK activity > 38 U/L, adjusting for neurologic functioning at the evaluation. The CSF lactate, calcium, and glucose concentrations and aspartate aminotransferase activity were not predictive of long-term ambulatory outcome. Data analysis revealed that long-term functional recovery was > 98% for affected dogs, regardless of their initial MFS, when CSF CK activity was ≤ 38 U/L and MBP concentration was ≤ 3 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In dogs with acute thoracolumbar IVDH, CSF CK activity and MBP concentration appeared to be prognostic indicators and, along with initial MFS, can be used to predict long-term ambulatory outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tige H Witsberger
- Departments of Veterinary Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Hasegawa D, Yamato O, Nakamoto Y, Ozawa T, Yabuki A, Itamoto K, Kuwabara T, Fujita M, Takahashi K, Mizoguchi S, Orima H. Serial MRI features of canine GM1 gangliosidosis: a possible imaging biomarker for diagnosis and progression of the disease. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:250197. [PMID: 22536126 PMCID: PMC3334264 DOI: 10.1100/2012/250197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GM1 gangliosidosis is a fatal neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease caused by an autosomal recessively inherited deficiency of β-galactosidase activity. Effective therapies need to be developed to treat the disease. In Shiba Inu dogs, one of the canine GM1 gangliosidosis models, neurological signs of the disease, including ataxia, start at approximately 5 months of age and progress until the terminal stage at 12 to 15 months of age. In the present study, serial MR images were taken of an affected dog from a model colony of GM1 gangliosidosis and 4 sporadic clinical cases demonstrating the same mutation in order to characterize the MRI features of this canine GM1 gangliosidosis. By 2 months of age at the latest and persisting until the terminal stage of the disease, the MR findings consistently displayed diffuse hyperintensity in the white matter of the entire cerebrum on T2-weighted images. In addition, brain atrophy manifested at 9 months of age and progressed thereafter. Although a definitive diagnosis depends on biochemical and genetic analyses, these MR characteristics could serve as a diagnostic marker in suspect animals with or without neurological signs. Furthermore, serial changes in MR images could be used as a biomarker to noninvasively monitor the efficacy of newly developed therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hasegawa
- Division of Veterinary Radiology, Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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25
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NAKAMURA K, MIYASHO T, NOMURA S, YOKOTA H, NAKADE T. Proteome Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Healthy Beagles and Canine Encephalitis. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:751-6. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kozo NAKAMURA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Taku MIYASHO
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Sachiko NOMURA
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi YOKOTA
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuya NAKADE
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Rahman MM, Kawaguchi H, Miyoshi N, Yabuki A, Nakamoto Y, Ozawa T, Yamato O. Pathological features of salivary gland cysts in a Shiba dog with GM1 gangliosidosis: a possible misdiagnosis as malignancy. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 74:485-9. [PMID: 22083095 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland cysts are often concurrent with GM1 gangliosidosis in Shiba dogs. Although the etiology is unknown, these cysts may be misdiagnosed as malignant due to the accumulation of foamy cells. The present study investigated the cytological, histopathological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic characteristics of salivary gland cysts in a Shiba dog affected with GM1 gangliosidosis. The salivary gland masses were surgically enucleated and examined clinicopathologically and pathologically in a 7-month-old Shiba dog with GM1 gangliosidosis. Many large cells with rich cytoplasm including vacuoles of various sizes, i.e., foamy cells, were observed in stamp smears from the cut-surface of the masses and histopathologically in major parts of the cyst wall. Some of these foamy cells presented features similar to a spider-web appearance. The foamy cells were confirmed to have originated from macrophages based on marked immunohistochemical expression of vimentin, HLA-DR, lysozyme and Iba1. An ultrastructural study demonstrated electron-dense vesicular structures in the vacuolated cells. Therefore, the masses were diagnosed pathologically as benign salivary gland cysts with accumulation of foamy cells. In conclusion, the histopathological features of the salivary gland cysts in this Shiba dog were similar to those of lipoma and/or liposarcoma. In such cases, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examinations were useful in the differential diagnosis. Practitioners, clinical pathologists and pathologists should take GM1 gangliosidosis into consideration when they encounter salivary gland cysts in Shiba dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Zafar S, von Ahsen N, Oellerich M, Zerr I, Schulz-Schaeffer WJ, Armstrong VW, Asif AR. Proteomics Approach to Identify the Interacting Partners of Cellular Prion Protein and Characterization of Rab7a Interaction in Neuronal Cells. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:3123-35. [DOI: 10.1021/pr2001989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Zafar
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, ‡Department of Neurobiology, and §Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas von Ahsen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, ‡Department of Neurobiology, and §Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael Oellerich
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, ‡Department of Neurobiology, and §Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, ‡Department of Neurobiology, and §Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Walter J. Schulz-Schaeffer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, ‡Department of Neurobiology, and §Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Victor W. Armstrong
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, ‡Department of Neurobiology, and §Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Abdul R. Asif
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, ‡Department of Neurobiology, and §Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
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Maegawa GHB, van Giersbergen PLM, Yang S, Banwell B, Morgan CP, Dingemanse J, Tifft CJ, Clarke JTR. Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of miglustat in the treatment of pediatric patients with GM2 gangliosidosis. Mol Genet Metab 2009; 97:284-91. [PMID: 19447653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2009.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
GM2 gangliosidosis (GM2g) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by deficiency of lysosomal beta-hexosaminidase A, resulting in accumulation of GM2 ganglioside, principally in the brain. Substrate reduction therapy is currently under investigation as a treatment. The study investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety of miglustat given as single and multiple doses in infantile and juvenile GM2g patients for 6- and 24-months, respectively. Eleven patients with infantile (n = 6) and juvenile (n = 5) GM2g received oral miglustat at 30-200 mg t.i.d. adjusted to the body surface area. Patients underwent pharmacokinetic assessments on day 1 and at month 3. The pharmacokinetics of miglustat were described by a 2-compartmental model with a lag time, median time to maximum concentration of 2.5 h, and terminal half-life of about 10 h. The pharmacokinetics were time-independent, and did not differ between infantile and juvenile cohorts. The accumulation index was 1.7. Among infantile GM2g patients, the major drug-related adverse events (DRAEs) were abdominal discomfort and flatulence. In the juvenile group, however, the major DRAEs observed were diarrhea and weight loss. One juvenile patient developed peripheral neuropathy, and others showed progression of already established neuropathy, which was judged to be part of the natural progression of the disease. Some mild laboratory abnormalities observed were either transient or attributable to concomitant medications. Miglustat showed similar pharmacokinetic parameters in all patients, with no specific difference between infantile and juvenile forms. Miglustat was shown to be a safe drug, with mild to moderate diarrhea, as an age-dependent DRAE, which was controlled by dietary modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H B Maegawa
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., Canada
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NAKAMOTO Y, YAMATO O, ITAMOTO K, HASEGAWA D, OZAWA T, KATAKABE K, TSUKANE M, NAKAICHI M. Cranial MRI Findings for Three Shiba Dogs Diagnosed with GM 1-Gangliosidosis Using a Genetic Test. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.12935/jvma.62.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Growth and development. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008; 15:79-101. [PMID: 18185067 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3282f4f084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Gu J, Tifft CJ, Soldin SJ. Simultaneous quantification of GM1 and GM2 gangliosides by isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Biochem 2008; 41:413-7. [PMID: 18241673 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Revised: 12/26/2007] [Accepted: 12/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gangliosides (GGs) are considered as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets and agents. The goal of this study was to develop a tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method for the simultaneous measurement of both GM1 and GM2 gangliosides in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples in order to be able to determine their concentrations in patients with Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease and assess whether drugs or transplantation affect their concentrations. DESIGN AND METHODS An API-4000 tandem mass spectrometer equipped with TurboIonSpray source and Shimadzu HPLC system was employed to perform the analysis using isotope dilution with deuterium labeled internal standards. To a 1.5 mL conical plastic Eppendorf centrifuge tube, 40 microL of human CSF sample was added and mixed with 400 microL of internal standard solution for deproteinization. After centrifugation, 100 microL of supernatant was injected onto a C-18 column. After a 2.5 min wash, the switching valve was activated and the analytes were eluted from the column with a water/methanol gradient into the MS/MS system. Quantification by multiple reaction-monitoring (MRM) analysis was performed in the negative mode. RESULTS The within-day coefficients of variation were <3% for GM1 and <2% for GM2 and the between-day coefficients of variation were <5% for both GM1 and GM2 at all concentrations tested. Accuracy ranged between 98% and 102% for both analytes. Good linearity was also obtained within the concentration range of 10-200 ng/mL (6.5-129.3 nmol/L) for GM1 and 5-100 ng/mL (3.6-72.3 nmol/L) for GM2 (r> or =0.995). CONCLUSIONS A new simple, accurate, and fast isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of GM1 and GM2 gangliosides in a small amount of human CSF. Concentrations were measured in "normal" CSF and in CSF from patients with Tay-Sachs disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, USA
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Yamato O, Jo EO, Chang HS, Satoh H, Shoda T, Sato R, Uechi M, Kawasaki N, Naito Y, Yamasaki M, Maede Y, Arai T. Molecular Screening of Canine GM1 Gangliosidosis Using Blood Smear Specimens after Prolonged Storage: Detection of Carriers among Shiba Dogs in Northern Japan. J Vet Diagn Invest 2008; 20:68-71. [DOI: 10.1177/104063870802000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular screening of GM1 gangliosidosis in Shiba dogs was carried out in northern Japan using blood smear specimens after prolonged storage. Of 125 specimens obtained from 3 veterinary teaching hospitals for this screening, 68 specimens (54%) were adequate for direct amplification in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA test, and the percentage of adequacy was different at each hospital (34%, 73%. and 100%), suggesting that the amount of blood on the smear and the storage condition of specimens may affect adequacy. Of the 68 dogs examined, 2 dogs (2.9%) were heterozygous carriers for this disease and the other dogs were all genotypically normal. The results suggest blood smear specimens can be useful for PCR testing after prolonged storage provided specimens contain a generous amount of blood and have been adequately stored. The study also suggests that GM1 gangliosidosis may be widely prevalent in the Shiba dog population in northern Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Yamato
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamato, Jo. Chang, Satoh, Shoda, Yamasaki, Maede)
| | - Eun-Og Jo
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamato, Jo. Chang, Satoh, Shoda, Yamasaki, Maede)
| | - Hye-Sook Chang
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamato, Jo. Chang, Satoh, Shoda, Yamasaki, Maede)
| | - Hiroyuki Satoh
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamato, Jo. Chang, Satoh, Shoda, Yamasaki, Maede)
| | - Toru Shoda
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamato, Jo. Chang, Satoh, Shoda, Yamasaki, Maede)
| | - Reeko Sato
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan (Sato, Naito)
| | - Masami Uechi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science. Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan (Uechi, Kawasaki)
| | - Naomi Kawasaki
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science. Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan (Uechi, Kawasaki)
| | - Yoshihisa Naito
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan (Sato, Naito)
| | - Masahiro Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamato, Jo. Chang, Satoh, Shoda, Yamasaki, Maede)
| | - Yoshimitsu Maede
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamato, Jo. Chang, Satoh, Shoda, Yamasaki, Maede)
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