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Abstract
Two viruses plus a child's genetic background may explain a recent surge in the United Kingdom.
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2
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Hsu HL, Brown A, Loveland AB, Lotun A, Xu M, Luo L, Xu G, Li J, Ren L, Su Q, Gessler DJ, Wei Y, Tai PWL, Korostelev AA, Gao G. Structural characterization of a novel human adeno-associated virus capsid with neurotropic properties. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3279. [PMID: 32606306 PMCID: PMC7327033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) are currently considered the safest and most reliable gene delivery vehicles for human gene therapy. Three serotype capsids, AAV1, AAV2, and AAV9, have been approved for commercial use in patients, but they may not be suitable for all therapeutic contexts. Here, we describe a novel capsid identified in a human clinical sample by high-throughput, long-read sequencing. The capsid, which we have named AAVv66, shares high sequence similarity with AAV2. We demonstrate that compared to AAV2, AAVv66 exhibits enhanced production yields, virion stability, and CNS transduction. Unique structural properties of AAVv66 visualized by cryo-EM at 2.5-Å resolution, suggest that critical residues at the three-fold protrusion and at the interface of the five-fold axis of symmetry likely contribute to the beneficial characteristics of AAVv66. Our findings underscore the potential of AAVv66 as a gene therapy vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Lun Hsu
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Brown
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna B Loveland
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Anoushka Lotun
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Meiyu Xu
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Li Luo
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R., China
| | - Guangchao Xu
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R., China
| | - Jia Li
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lingzhi Ren
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Qin Su
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Dominic J Gessler
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R., China
| | - Phillip W L Tai
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Andrei A Korostelev
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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3
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Goldstein JM, Tabebordbar M, Zhu K, Wang LD, Messemer KA, Peacker B, Ashrafi Kakhki S, Gonzalez-Celeiro M, Shwartz Y, Cheng JKW, Xiao R, Barungi T, Albright C, Hsu YC, Vandenberghe LH, Wagers AJ. In Situ Modification of Tissue Stem and Progenitor Cell Genomes. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1254-1264.e7. [PMID: 31018138 PMCID: PMC6858480 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Goldstein et al. demonstrate in vivo transduction of
endogenous tissue stem cells in the muscle, blood, and skin by systemic or local
administration of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) encoding genome-modifying
enzymes. They report that AAV-transduced and genome-modified stem and progenitor
cells maintain their capacity to differentiate and engraft following
transplantation. In vivo delivery of genome-modifying enzymes holds
significant promise for therapeutic applications and functional genetic
screening. Delivery to endogenous tissue stem cells, which provide an enduring
source of cell replacement during homeostasis and regeneration, is of particular
interest. Here, we use a sensitive Cre/lox fluorescent reporter system to test
the efficiency of genome modification following in vivo
transduction by adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) in tissue stem and progenitor
cells. We combine immunophenotypic analyses with in vitro and
in vivo assays of stem cell function to reveal effective
targeting of skeletal muscle satellite cells, mesenchymal progenitors,
hematopoietic stem cells, and dermal cell subsets using multiple AAV serotypes.
Genome modification rates achieved through this system reached >60%, and
modified cells retained key functional properties. This study establishes a
powerful platform to genetically alter tissue progenitors within their
physiological niche while preserving their native stem cell properties and
regulatory interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Goldstein
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Kexian Zhu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Leo D Wang
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kathleen A Messemer
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bryan Peacker
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sara Ashrafi Kakhki
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meryem Gonzalez-Celeiro
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yulia Shwartz
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jason K W Cheng
- Editas Medicine, Inc., 11 Hurley Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ru Xiao
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Trisha Barungi
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Charles Albright
- Editas Medicine, Inc., 11 Hurley Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ya-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Luk H Vandenberghe
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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4
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Chen VP, Gao Y, Geng L, Steele M, Jenks N, Peng KW, Brimijoin S. Systemic Safety of a Recombinant AAV8 Vector for Human Cocaine Hydrolase Gene Therapy: A Good Laboratory Practice Preclinical Study in Mice. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:70-79. [PMID: 31650869 PMCID: PMC6985763 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine addiction continues to impose major burdens on affected individuals and broader society but is highly resistant to medical treatment or psychotherapy. This study was undertaken with the goal of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) permission for a first-in-human clinical trial of a gene therapy for treatment-seeking cocaine users to become and remain abstinent. The approach was based on intravenous administration of AAV8-hCocH, an adeno-associated viral vector encoding a modified plasma enzyme that metabolizes cocaine into harmless by-products. To assess systemic safety, we conducted "Good Laboratory Practice" (GLP) studies in cocaine-experienced and cocaine-naive mice at doses of 5E12 and 5E13 vector genomes/kg. Results showed total lack of viral vector-related adverse effects in all tests performed. Instead, mice given one injection of AAV8-hCocH and regular daily injections of cocaine had far less tissue pathology than cocaine-injected mice with no vector treatment. Biodistribution analysis showed the vector located almost exclusively in the liver. These results indicate that a liver-directed AAV8-hCocH gene transfer at reasonable dosage is safe, well tolerated, and effective. Thus, gene transfer therapy emerges as a radically new approach to treat compulsive cocaine abuse. In fact, based on these positive findings, the FDA recently accepted our latest request for investigational new drug application (IND 18579).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Ping Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Liyi Geng
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mike Steele
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nathan Jenks
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kah-Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephen Brimijoin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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5
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Dudek AM, Zabaleta N, Zinn E, Pillay S, Zengel J, Porter C, Franceschini JS, Estelien R, Carette JE, Zhou GL, Vandenberghe LH. GPR108 Is a Highly Conserved AAV Entry Factor. Mol Ther 2019; 28:367-381. [PMID: 31784416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a highly promising gene transfer vector, yet major cellular requirements for AAV entry are poorly understood. Using a genome-wide CRISPR screen for entry of evolutionarily divergent serotype AAVrh32.33, we identified GPR108, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, as an AAV entry factor. Of greater than 20 divergent AAVs across all AAV clades tested in human cell lines, only AAV5 transduction was unaffected in the GPR108 knockout (KO). GPR108 dependency was further shown in murine and primary cells in vitro. These findings are further validated in vivo, as the Gpr108 KO mouse demonstrates 10- to 100-fold reduced expression for AAV8 and rh32.33 but not AAV5. Mechanistically, both GPR108 N- and C-terminal domains are required for transduction, and on the capsid, a VP1 unique domain that is not conserved on AAV5 can be transferred to confer GPR108 independence onto AAV2 chimeras. In vitro binding and fractionation studies indicate reduced nuclear import and cytosolic accumulation in the absence of GPR108. We thus have identified the second of two AAV entry factors that is conserved between mice and humans relevant both in vitro and in vivo, further providing a mechanistic understanding to the tropism of AAV gene therapy vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Dudek
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nerea Zabaleta
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Zinn
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sirika Pillay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James Zengel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Caryn Porter
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Santos Franceschini
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reynette Estelien
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan E Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guo Ling Zhou
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luk H Vandenberghe
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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6
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Perocheau DP, Cunningham SC, Lee J, Antinao Diaz J, Waddington SN, Gilmour K, Eaglestone S, Lisowski L, Thrasher AJ, Alexander IE, Gissen P, Baruteau J. Age-Related Seroprevalence of Antibodies Against AAV-LK03 in a UK Population Cohort. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:79-87. [PMID: 30027761 PMCID: PMC6343184 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are a promising platform for in vivo gene therapy. The presence of neutralizing antibodies (Nab) against AAV capsids decreases cell transduction efficiency and is a common exclusion criterion for participation in clinical trials. Novel engineered capsids are being generated to improve gene delivery to the target cells and facilitate success of clinical trials; however, the prevalence of antibodies against such capsids remains largely unknown. We therefore assessed the seroprevalence of antibodies against a novel synthetic liver-tropic capsid AAV-LK03. We measured seroprevalence of immunoglobulin (Ig)G (i.e., neutralizing and nonneutralizing) antibodies and Nab to AAV-LK03 in a cohort of 323 UK patients (including 260 pediatric) and 52 juvenile rhesus macaques. We also performed comparative analysis of seroprevalence of Nab against wild-type AAV8 and AAV3B capsids. Overall IgG seroprevalence for AAV-LK03 was 39% in human samples. The titer increased with age. Prevalence of Nab was 23%, 35%, and 18% for AAV-LK03, AAV3B, and AAV8, respectively, with the lowest seroprevalence between 3 and 17 years of age for all serotypes. Presence of Nab against AAV-LK03 decreased from 36% in the youngest cohort (birth to 6 months) to 7% in older primary school-age children (9-11 years) and then progressively increased to 54% in late adulthood. Cross-reactivity between serotypes was >60%. Nab seroprevalence in macaques was 62%, 85%, and 40% for AAV-LK03, AAV3B, and AAV8, respectively. When planning for AAV gene therapy clinical trials, knowing the seropositivity of the target population is critical. In the population studied, AAV seroprevalence for AAV serotypes tested was low. However, high cross-reactivity between AAV serotypes remains a barrier for re-injection. Shifts in Nab seroprevalence during the first decade need to be confirmed by longitudinal studies. This possibility suggests that pediatric patients could respond differently to AAV therapy according to age. If late childhood is an ideal age window, intervention at an early age when maternal Nab levels are high may be challenging. Nab-positive children excluded from trials could be rescreened for eligibility at regular intervals because this status may change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany P. Perocheau
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon C. Cunningham
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead, Australia
| | - Juhee Lee
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Antinao Diaz
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon N. Waddington
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witswatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kimberly Gilmour
- Clinical Immunology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Eaglestone
- Translational Research Office, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leszek Lisowski
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead, Australia
- Translational Vectorology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, The Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Centre, Puławy, Poland
| | - Adrian J. Thrasher
- Clinical Immunology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian E. Alexander
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Paul Gissen
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Baruteau
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Hammond SL, Leek AN, Richman EH, Tjalkens RB. Cellular selectivity of AAV serotypes for gene delivery in neurons and astrocytes by neonatal intracerebroventricular injection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188830. [PMID: 29244806 PMCID: PMC5731760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-pathogenic parvovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), is an efficient vector for transgene expression in vivo and shows promise for treatment of brain disorders in clinical trials. Currently, there are more than 100 AAV serotypes identified that differ in the binding capacity of capsid proteins to specific cell surface receptors that can transduce different cell types and brain regions in the CNS. In the current study, multiple AAV serotypes expressing a GFP reporter (AAV1, AAV2/1, AAVDJ, AAV8, AAVDJ8, AAV9, AAVDJ9) were screened for their infectivity in both primary murine astrocyte and neuronal cell cultures. AAV2/1, AAVDJ8 and AAV9 were selected for further investigation of their tropism throughout different brain regions and cell types. Each AAV was administered to P0-neonatal mice via intracerebroventricular injections (ICV). Brains were then systematically analyzed for GFP expression at 3 or 6 weeks post-infection in various regions, including the olfactory bulb, striatum, cortex, hippocampus, substantia nigra (SN) and cerebellum. Cell counting data revealed that AAV2/1 infections were more prevalent in the cortical layers but penetrated to the midbrain less than AAVDJ8 and AAV9. Additionally, there were differences in the persistence of viral transgene expression amongst the three serotypes examined in vivo at 3 and 6 weeks post-infection. Because AAV-mediated transgene expression is of interest in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's Disease, we examined the SN with microscopy techniques, such as CLARITY tissue transmutation, to identify AAV serotypes that resulted in optimal transgene expression in either astrocytes or dopaminergic neurons. AAVDJ8 displayed more tropism in astrocytes compared to AAV9 in the SN region. We conclude that ICV injection results in lasting expression of virally encoded transgene when using AAV vectors and that specific AAV serotypes are required to selectively deliver transgenes of interest to different brain regions in both astrocytes and neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean L. Hammond
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Ashley N. Leek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Evan H. Richman
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Ronald B. Tjalkens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Gray-Edwards HL, Regier DS, Shirley JL, Randle AN, Salibi N, Thomas SE, Latour YL, Johnston J, Golas G, Maguire AS, Taylor AR, Sorjonen DC, McCurdy VJ, Christopherson PW, Bradbury AM, Beyers RJ, Johnson AK, Brunson BL, Cox NR, Baker HJ, Denney TS, Sena-Esteves M, Tifft CJ, Martin DR. Novel Biomarkers of Human GM1 Gangliosidosis Reflect the Clinical Efficacy of Gene Therapy in a Feline Model. Mol Ther 2017; 25:892-903. [PMID: 28236574 PMCID: PMC5383552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
GM1 gangliosidosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects individuals of all ages. Favorable outcomes using adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene therapy in GM1 mice and cats have prompted consideration of human clinical trials, yet there remains a paucity of objective biomarkers to track disease status. We developed a panel of biomarkers using blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), electrodiagnostics, 7 T MRI, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in GM1 cats-either untreated or AAV treated for more than 5 years-and compared them to markers in human GM1 patients where possible. Significant alterations were noted in CSF and blood of GM1 humans and cats, with partial or full normalization after gene therapy in cats. Gene therapy improved the rhythmic slowing of electroencephalograms (EEGs) in GM1 cats, a phenomenon present also in GM1 patients, but nonetheless the epileptiform activity persisted. After gene therapy, MR-based analyses revealed remarkable preservation of brain architecture and correction of brain metabolites associated with microgliosis, neuroaxonal loss, and demyelination. Therapeutic benefit of AAV gene therapy in GM1 cats, many of which maintain near-normal function >5 years post-treatment, supports the strong consideration of human clinical trials, for which the biomarkers described herein will be essential for outcome assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Gray-Edwards
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Debra S Regier
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jamie L Shirley
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ashley N Randle
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Nouha Salibi
- MR R&D, Siemens Healthcare, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Sarah E Thomas
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yvonne L Latour
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jean Johnston
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gretchen Golas
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Annie S Maguire
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Amanda R Taylor
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Donald C Sorjonen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Victoria J McCurdy
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Peter W Christopherson
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Allison M Bradbury
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ronald J Beyers
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Aime K Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Brandon L Brunson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Nancy R Cox
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Henry J Baker
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thomas S Denney
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Neurology and Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Douglas R Martin
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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9
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Mack DL, Poulard K, Goddard MA, Latournerie V, Snyder JM, Grange RW, Elverman MR, Denard J, Veron P, Buscara L, Le Bec C, Hogrel JY, Brezovec AG, Meng H, Yang L, Liu F, O'Callaghan M, Gopal N, Kelly VE, Smith BK, Strande JL, Mavilio F, Beggs AH, Mingozzi F, Lawlor MW, Buj-Bello A, Childers MK. Systemic AAV8-Mediated Gene Therapy Drives Whole-Body Correction of Myotubular Myopathy in Dogs. Mol Ther 2017; 25:839-854. [PMID: 28237839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) results from MTM1 gene mutations and myotubularin deficiency. Most XLMTM patients develop severe muscle weakness leading to respiratory failure and death, typically within 2 years of age. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of systemic gene therapy in the p.N155K canine model of XLMTM by performing a dose escalation study. A recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (rAAV8) vector expressing canine myotubularin (cMTM1) under the muscle-specific desmin promoter (rAAV8-cMTM1) was administered by simple peripheral venous infusion in XLMTM dogs at 10 weeks of age, when signs of the disease are already present. A comprehensive analysis of survival, limb strength, gait, respiratory function, neurological assessment, histology, vector biodistribution, transgene expression, and immune response was performed over a 9-month study period. Results indicate that systemic gene therapy was well tolerated, prolonged lifespan, and corrected the skeletal musculature throughout the body in a dose-dependent manner, defining an efficacious dose in this large-animal model of the disease. These results support the development of gene therapy clinical trials for XLMTM.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biopsy
- Dependovirus/classification
- Dependovirus/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Dogs
- Gait
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Therapy/adverse effects
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Genetic Vectors/adverse effects
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Genetic Vectors/pharmacokinetics
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Muscle Strength
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/diagnosis
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/genetics
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/mortality
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/therapy
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor/genetics
- Recovery of Function
- Reflex
- Respiratory Function Tests
- Tissue Distribution
- Transgenes/genetics
- Transgenes/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Mack
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98107, USA
| | - Karine Poulard
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; INSERM, UMR_S951, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Melissa A Goddard
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98107, USA
| | | | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Robert W Grange
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Matthew R Elverman
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98107, USA
| | | | - Philippe Veron
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; INSERM, UMR_S951, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Laurine Buscara
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; INSERM, UMR_S951, 91002 Evry, France
| | | | - Jean-Yves Hogrel
- Neuromuscular Physiology and Evaluation Lab, Institut de Myologie, 75651 Paris, France
| | - Annie G Brezovec
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hui Meng
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Fujun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Nikhil Gopal
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98019, USA
| | - Valerie E Kelly
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Barbara K Smith
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Fulvio Mavilio
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; INSERM, UMR_S951, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Alan H Beggs
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Federico Mingozzi
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; INSERM, UMR_S951, 91002 Evry, France; Institut de Myologie, University Pierre and Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ana Buj-Bello
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; INSERM, UMR_S951, 91002 Evry, France.
| | - Martin K Childers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98107, USA.
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10
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Stutika C, Mietzsch M, Gogol-Döring A, Weger S, Sohn M, Chen W, Heilbronn R. Comprehensive Small RNA-Seq of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV)-Infected Human Cells Detects Patterns of Novel, Non-Coding AAV RNAs in the Absence of Cellular miRNA Regulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161454. [PMID: 27611072 PMCID: PMC5017669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Most DNA viruses express small regulatory RNAs, which interfere with viral or cellular gene expression. For adeno-associated virus (AAV), a small ssDNA virus with a complex biphasic life cycle miRNAs or other small regulatory RNAs have not yet been described. This is the first comprehensive Illumina-based RNA-Seq analysis of small RNAs expressed by AAV alone or upon co-infection with helper adenovirus or HSV. Several hotspots of AAV-specific small RNAs were detected mostly close to or within the AAV-ITR and apparently transcribed from the newly identified anti-p5 promoter. An additional small RNA hotspot was located downstream of the p40 promoter, from where transcription of non-coding RNAs associated with the inhibition of adenovirus replication were recently described. Parallel detection of known Ad and HSV miRNAs indirectly validated the newly identified small AAV RNA species. The predominant small RNAs were analyzed on Northern blots and by human argonaute protein-mediated co-immunoprecipitation. None of the small AAV RNAs showed characteristics of bona fide miRNAs, but characteristics of alternative RNA processing indicative of differentially regulated AAV promoter-associated small RNAs. Furthermore, the AAV-induced regulation of cellular miRNA levels was analyzed at different time points post infection. In contrast to other virus groups AAV infection had virtually no effect on the expression of cellular miRNA, which underscores the long-established concept that wild-type AAV infection is apathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Stutika
- Charité Medical School, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Mietzsch
- Charité Medical School, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Weger
- Charité Medical School, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Madlen Sohn
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wei Chen
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regine Heilbronn
- Charité Medical School, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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11
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Zhu X, Zhou Q, Tian W, Liu C, Dong X, Wu X, Yu C. [Comparison of HBV persistent infection mice models by different serotypes of AAVs carrying HBV genomes]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2015; 31:1764-1772. [PMID: 27093839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistent infection mouse model with recombinant adeno-associated virus 8 carrying 1.3 copies of HBV genome (rAAV8-1.3HBV) is concerned. We studied and compared the efficacy among HBV persistent infection mice models by other serotypes except AAV8. First, we prepared and purified five viruses: rAAV1-1.3HBV, rAAV2-1.3HBV, rAAV5-1.3HBV, rAAV8-1.3HBV and rAAV9-1.3HBV. Then we injected each virus into 3 C57BL/6J mice with the dose of lx 1011 vg (Viral genome, vg) per mouse. We detected HBsAg and HBeAg in sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at different time points post injection. We killed mice 8 weeks post injection and took blood and livers for assay. We detected copies of HBV DNA by real-time quantitative PCR in sera and livers. Meantime, we detected HBcAg in the livers of mice by immunohistochemistry and further performed pathology analysis of these livers. The five groups of mice, HBeAg and HBsAg expression sustained 8 weeks in serological detection and HBV DNA was both detected in sera and livers at the time of 8 weeks post injection. HBeAg, HBsAg, HBV DNA copies expression levels in descending order were AAV8>AAV9>AAV1>AAV5>AAV2. HBcAg expression was detected in livers as well. Varied degrees of liver damage were shown in five groups of mice. This study provides more alternative AAV vector species to establish a persistent infection with hepatitis B model.
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12
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Zhao C, Qiao C, Tang RH, Jiang J, Li J, Martin CB, Bulaklak K, Li J, Wang DW, Xiao X. Overcoming Insulin Insufficiency by Forced Follistatin Expression in β-cells of db/db Mice. Mol Ther 2015; 23:866-874. [PMID: 25676679 PMCID: PMC4427879 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes poses a substantial burden to society as it can lead to serious complications and premature death. The number of cases continues to increase worldwide. Two major causes of diabetes are insulin resistance and insulin insufficiency. Currently, there are few antidiabetic drugs available that can preserve or protect β-cell function to overcome insulin insufficiency in diabetes. We describe a therapeutic strategy to preserve β-cell function by overexpression of follistatin (FST) using an AAV vector (AAV8-Ins-FST) in diabetic mouse model. Overexpression of FST in the pancreas of db/db mouse increased β-cell islet mass, decreased fasting glucose level, alleviated diabetic symptoms, and essentially doubled lifespan of the treated mice. The observed islet enlargement was attributed to β-cell proliferation as a result of bioneutralization of myostatin and activin by FST. Overall, our study indicates overexpression of FST in the diabetic pancreas preserves β-cell function by promoting β-cell proliferation, opening up a new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Zhao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Cardiovascular Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunping Qiao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ru-Hang Tang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jiangang Jiang
- Cardiovascular Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianbin Li
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carrie Bette Martin
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karen Bulaklak
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Juan Li
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Cardiovascular Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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13
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Le Guiner C, Stieger K, Toromanoff A, Guilbaud M, Mendes-Madeira A, Devaux M, Guigand L, Cherel Y, Moullier P, Rolling F, Adjali O. Transgene regulation using the tetracycline-inducible TetR-KRAB system after AAV-mediated gene transfer in rodents and nonhuman primates. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102538. [PMID: 25248159 PMCID: PMC4172479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of the Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV)-based gene delivery platform in vivo. The control of transgene expression in many protocols is highly desirable for therapeutic applications and/or safety reasons. To date, the tetracycline and the rapamycin dependent regulatory systems have been the most widely evaluated. While the long-term regulation of the transgene has been obtained in rodent models, the translation of these studies to larger animals, especially to nonhuman primates (NHP), has often resulted in an immune response against the recombinant regulator protein involved in transgene expression regulation. These immune responses were dependent on the target tissue and vector delivery route. Here, using AAV vectors, we evaluated a doxycyclin-inducible system in rodents and macaques in which the TetR protein is fused to the human Krüppel associated box (KRAB) protein. We demonstrated long term gene regulation efficiency in rodents after subretinal and intramuscular administration of AAV5 and AAV1 vectors, respectively. However, as previously described for other chimeric transactivators, the TetR-KRAB-based system failed to achieve long term regulation in the macaque after intramuscular vector delivery because of the development of an immune response. Thus, immunity against the chimeric transactivator TetR-KRAB emerged as the primary limitation for the clinical translation of the system when targeting the skeletal muscle, as previously described for other regulatory proteins. New developments in the field of chimeric drug-sensitive transactivators with the potential to not trigger the host immune system are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Le Guiner
- INSERM UMR 1089, Atlantic Gene Therapies, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Knut Stieger
- INSERM UMR 1089, Atlantic Gene Therapies, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alice Toromanoff
- INSERM UMR 1089, Atlantic Gene Therapies, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Mickaël Guilbaud
- INSERM UMR 1089, Atlantic Gene Therapies, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | | | - Marie Devaux
- INSERM UMR 1089, Atlantic Gene Therapies, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Lydie Guigand
- INRA UMR 703 and Atlantic Gene Therapies, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - Yan Cherel
- INRA UMR 703 and Atlantic Gene Therapies, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Moullier
- INSERM UMR 1089, Atlantic Gene Therapies, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Fabienne Rolling
- INSERM UMR 1089, Atlantic Gene Therapies, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Oumeya Adjali
- INSERM UMR 1089, Atlantic Gene Therapies, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
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14
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O'Neill SM, Hinkle C, Chen SJ, Sandhu A, Hovhannisyan R, Stephan S, Lagor WR, Ahima RS, Johnston JC, Reilly MP. Targeting adipose tissue via systemic gene therapy. Gene Ther 2014; 21:653-61. [PMID: 24830434 PMCID: PMC4342115 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue has a critical role in energy and metabolic homeostasis, but it is challenging to adapt techniques to modulate adipose function in vivo. Here we develop an in vivo, systemic method of gene transfer specifically targeting adipose tissue using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. We constructed AAV vectors containing cytomegalovirus promoter-regulated reporter genes, intravenously injected adult mice with vectors using multiple AAV serotypes, and determined that AAV2/8 best targeted adipose tissue. Altering vectors to contain adiponectin promoter/enhancer elements and liver-specific microRNA-122 target sites restricted reporter gene expression to adipose tissue. As proof of efficacy, the leptin gene was incorporated into the adipose-targeted expression vector, package into AAV2/8 and administered intravenously to 9- to 10-week-old ob/ob mice. Phenotypic changes were measured over an 8-week period. Leptin mRNA and protein were expressed in adipose and leptin protein was secreted into plasma. Mice responded with reversal of weight gain, decreased hyperinsulinemia and improved glucose tolerance. AAV2/8-mediated systemic delivery of an adipose-targeted expression vector can replace a gene lacking in adipose tissue and correct a mouse model of human disease, demonstrating experimental application and therapeutic potential in disorders of adipose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. O'Neill
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christine Hinkle
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shu-Jen Chen
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arbansjit Sandhu
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben Hovhannisyan
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Stephan
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William R. Lagor
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rexford S. Ahima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julie C. Johnston
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Muredach P. Reilly
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to Muredach P. Reilly Cardiovascular Institute Translational Research Center 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg 421 11th floor, Room 11-136 Philadelphia, PA 19104 Tel: (215) 573-1214 Fax: (215) 746-7415
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15
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Huang ZJ, Taniguchi H, He M, Kuhlman S. Cre-dependent adeno-associated virus preparation and delivery for labeling neurons in the mouse brain. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2014; 2014:190-194. [PMID: 24492777 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot080382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Virus-mediated gene delivery is a powerful strategy for labeling and manipulating neurons in mammalian brains. A major drawback of this gene delivery method has been the lack of cell-type specificity. However, methods that combine Cre-knockin mice and Cre-activated adeno-associated virus (AAV) have now been developed to achieve high-level, stable, and cell-type-specific gene expression. Here, we describe a protocol for the design, production, and delivery of Cre-dependent AAVs. This method is simple and highly efficient, and allows chronic live imaging of defined classes of synapses in the mouse brain.
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16
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Sen D, Gadkari RA, Sudha G, Gabriel N, Kumar YS, Selot R, Samuel R, Rajalingam S, Ramya V, Nair SC, Srinivasan N, Srivastava A, Jayandharan GR. Targeted modifications in adeno-associated virus serotype 8 capsid improves its hepatic gene transfer efficiency in vivo. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2013; 24:104-16. [PMID: 23442071 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2012.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors based on serotype 8 (AAV8) have shown significant promise for liver-directed gene therapy. However, to overcome the vector dose dependent immunotoxicity seen with AAV8 vectors, it is important to develop better AAV8 vectors that provide enhanced gene expression at significantly low vector doses. Since it is known that AAV vectors during intracellular trafficking are targeted for destruction in the cytoplasm by the host-cellular kinase/ubiquitination/proteasomal machinery, we modified specific serine/threonine kinase or ubiquitination targets on the AAV8 capsid to augment its transduction efficiency. Point mutations at specific serine (S)/threonine (T)/lysine (K) residues were introduced in the AAV8 capsid at the positions equivalent to that of the effective AAV2 mutants, generated successfully earlier. Extensive structure analysis was carried out subsequently to evaluate the structural equivalence between the two serotypes. scAAV8 vectors with the wild-type (WT) and each one of the S/T→Alanine (A) or K-Arginine (R) mutant capsids were evaluated for their liver transduction efficiency in C57BL/6 mice in vivo. Two of the AAV8-S→A mutants (S279A and S671A), and a K137R mutant vector, demonstrated significantly higher enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transcript levels (~9- to 46-fold) in the liver compared to animals that received WT-AAV8 vectors alone. The best performing AAV8 mutant (K137R) vector also had significantly reduced ubiquitination of the viral capsid, reduced activation of markers of innate immune response, and a concomitant two-fold reduction in the levels of neutralizing antibody formation in comparison to WT-AAV8 vectors. Vector biodistribution studies revealed that the K137R mutant had a significantly higher and preferential transduction of the liver (106 vs. 7.7 vector copies/mouse diploid genome) when compared to WT-AAV8 vectors. To further study the utility of the K137R-AAV8 mutant in therapeutic gene transfer, we delivered human coagulation factor IX (h.FIX) under the control of liver-specific promoters (LP1 or hAAT) into C57BL/6 mice. The circulating levels of h.FIX:Ag were higher in all the K137R-AAV8 treated groups up to 8 weeks post-hepatic gene transfer. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of the use of this novel AAV8 vectors for potential gene therapy of hemophilia B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwaipayan Sen
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
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17
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Chakrabarty P, Rosario A, Cruz P, Siemienski Z, Ceballos-Diaz C, Crosby K, Jansen K, Borchelt DR, Kim JY, Jankowsky JL, Golde TE, Levites Y. Capsid serotype and timing of injection determines AAV transduction in the neonatal mice brain. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67680. [PMID: 23825679 PMCID: PMC3692458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated gene expression is a powerful tool for gene therapy and preclinical studies. A comprehensive analysis of CNS cell type tropism, expression levels and biodistribution of different capsid serotypes has not yet been undertaken in neonatal rodents. Our previous studies show that intracerebroventricular injection with AAV2/1 on neonatal day P0 results in widespread CNS expression but the biodistribution is limited if injected beyond neonatal day P1. To extend these observations we explored the effect of timing of injection on tropism and biodistribution of six commonly used pseudotyped AAVs delivered in the cerebral ventricles of neonatal mice. We demonstrate that AAV2/8 and 2/9 resulted in the most widespread biodistribution in the brain. Most serotypes showed varying biodistribution depending on the day of injection. Injection on neonatal day P0 resulted in mostly neuronal transduction, whereas administration in later periods of development (24–84 hours postnatal) resulted in more non-neuronal transduction. AAV2/5 showed widespread transduction of astrocytes irrespective of the time of injection. None of the serotypes tested showed any microglial transduction. This study demonstrates that both capsid serotype and timing of injection influence the regional and cell-type distribution of AAV in neonatal rodents, and emphasizes the utility of pseudotyped AAV vectors for translational gene therapy paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Chakrabarty
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Awilda Rosario
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Pedro Cruz
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Zoe Siemienski
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Carolina Ceballos-Diaz
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Keith Crosby
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Karen Jansen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - David R. Borchelt
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ji-Yoen Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joanna L. Jankowsky
- Department of Neuroscience, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Todd E. Golde
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yona Levites
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pan X, Yue Y, Zhang K, Lostal W, Shin JH, Duan D. Long-term robust myocardial transduction of the dog heart from a peripheral vein by adeno-associated virus serotype-8. Hum Gene Ther 2013; 24:584-94. [PMID: 23551085 PMCID: PMC3689160 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular intervention using noninvasive myocardial gene transfer holds great promise for treating heart diseases. Robust cardiac transduction from peripheral vein injection has been achieved in rodents using adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype-9 (AAV-9). However, a similar approach has failed to transduce the heart in dogs, a commonly used large animal model for heart diseases. To develop an effective noninvasive method to deliver exogenous genes to the dog heart, we employed an AAV-8 vector that expresses human placental alkaline phosphatase reporter gene under the transcriptional regulation of the Rous sarcoma virus promoter. Vectors were delivered to three neonatal dogs at the doses of 1.35×10(14), 7.14×10(14), and 9.06×10(14) viral genome particles/kg body weight via the jugular vein. Transduction efficiency and overall safety were evaluated at 1.5, 2.5, and 12 months postinjection. AAV delivery was well tolerated and dog growth was normal. Blood chemistry and internal organ histology were unremarkable. Widespread skeletal muscle transduction was observed in all dogs without T-cell infiltration. Encouragingly, whole heart myocardial transduction was achieved in two dogs that received higher doses and cardiac expression lasted for at least 1 year. In summary, peripheral vein AAV-8 injection may represent a simple heart gene transfer method in large mammals. Further optimization of this gene delivery strategy may open the door for a readily applicable gene therapy method to treat many heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Pan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Yongping Yue
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Keqing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - William Lostal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
- Current address: Génethon, 91002 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Jin-Hong Shin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
- Current address: Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 626-770, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
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Charbel Issa P, De Silva SR, Lipinski DM, Singh MS, Mouravlev A, You Q, Barnard AR, Hankins MW, During MJ, MacLaren RE. Assessment of tropism and effectiveness of new primate-derived hybrid recombinant AAV serotypes in the mouse and primate retina. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60361. [PMID: 23593201 PMCID: PMC3621895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) have been shown to be safe in the treatment of retinal degenerations in clinical trials. Thus, improving the efficiency of viral gene delivery has become increasingly important to increase the success of clinical trials. In this study, structural domains of different rAAV serotypes isolated from primate brain were combined to create novel hybrid recombinant AAV serotypes, rAAV2/rec2 and rAAV2/rec3. The efficacy of these novel serotypes were assessed in wild type mice and in two models of retinal degeneration (the Abca4(-/-) mouse which is a model for Stargardt disease and in the Pde6b(rd1/rd1) mouse) in vivo, in primate tissue ex-vivo, and in the human-derived SH-SY5Y cell line, using an identical AAV2 expression cassette. We show that these novel hybrid serotypes can transduce retinal tissue in mice and primates efficiently, although no more than AAV2/2 and rAAV2/5 serotypes. Transduction efficiency appeared lower in the Abca4(-/-) mouse compared to wild type with all vectors tested, suggesting an effect of specific retinal diseases on the efficiency of gene delivery. Shuffling of AAV capsid domains may have clinical applications for patients who develop T-cell immune responses following AAV gene therapy, as specific peptide antigen sequences could be substituted using this technique prior to vector re-treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Charbel Issa
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha R. De Silva
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M. Lipinski
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mandeep S. Singh
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Mouravlev
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Qisheng You
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alun R. Barnard
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W. Hankins
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. During
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Robert E. MacLaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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20
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Song L, Li X, Jayandharan GR, Wang Y, Aslanidi GV, Ling C, Zhong L, Gao G, Yoder MC, Ling C, Tan M, Srivastava A. High-efficiency transduction of primary human hematopoietic stem cells and erythroid lineage-restricted expression by optimized AAV6 serotype vectors in vitro and in a murine xenograft model in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58757. [PMID: 23516552 PMCID: PMC3597592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have observed that of the 10 AAV serotypes, AAV6 is the most efficient in transducing primary human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and that the transduction efficiency can be further increased by specifically mutating single surface-exposed tyrosine (Y) residues on AAV6 capsids. In the present studies, we combined the two mutations to generate a tyrosine double-mutant (Y705+731F) AAV6 vector, with which >70% of CD34+ cells could be transduced. With the long-term objective of developing recombinant AAV vectors for the potential gene therapy of human hemoglobinopathies, we generated the wild-type (WT) and tyrosine-mutant AAV6 vectors containing the following erythroid cell-specific promoters: β-globin promoter (βp) with the upstream hyper-sensitive site 2 (HS2) enhancer from the β-globin locus control region (HS2-βbp), and the human parvovirus B19 promoter at map unit 6 (B19p6). Transgene expression from the B19p6 was significantly higher than that from the HS2-βp, and increased up to 30-fold and up to 20-fold, respectively, following erythropoietin (Epo)-induced differentiation of CD34+ cells in vitro. Transgene expression from the B19p6 or the HS2-βp was also evaluated in an immuno-deficient xenograft mouse model in vivo. Whereas low levels of expression were detected from the B19p6 in the WT AAV6 capsid, and that from the HS2-βp in the Y705+731F AAV6 capsid, transgene expression from the B19p6 promoter in the Y705+731F AAV6 capsid was significantly higher than that from the HS2-βp, and was detectable up to 12 weeks post-transplantation in primary recipients, and up to 6 additional weeks in secondary transplanted animals. These data demonstrate the feasibility of the use of the novel Y705+731F AAV6-B19p6 vectors for high-efficiency transduction of HSCs as well as expression of the b-globin gene in erythroid progenitor cells for the potential gene therapy of human hemoglobinopathies such as β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujiang Song
- Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Xiangya Biomedicine, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Xiaomiao Li
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Giridhara R. Jayandharan
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - George V. Aslanidi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Chen Ling
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Li Zhong
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Guangping Gao
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Physiology Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mervin C. Yoder
- Herman B Well Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Changquan Ling
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqun Tan
- Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Xiangya Biomedicine, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (MT); (AS)
| | - Arun Srivastava
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MT); (AS)
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Meng Q, Zhang B, Zhang C. [Novel qPCR strategy for quantification of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 vector genome-titer]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2013; 29:235-242. [PMID: 23697168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has many advantages for gene therapy over other vector systems. However, after the production of recombinant AAV (Raav) vectors, the biological titration of rAAV stocks is still cumbersome. Different investigators used laboratory-specific methods or internal reference standards that may limit preclinical and clinical applications. The inverted terminal repeats (ITR) sequences are the only cis-regulated viral elements required for rAAV packaging and remain within viral vector genomes. ITR is the excellent target sequences for qPCR quantification of rAAV titer. In this study, we developed a novel qPCR strategy to quantify rAAVs' vector genome titer via targeting the ITR2 or ITR2-CMV element. In conclusion, the method is fast and accurate for the titration of rAAV2-derived vector genomes. It will promote the standardization of rAAV titration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Meng
- Suzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, Jiangsu, China
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Watanabe S, Sanuki R, Ueno S, Koyasu T, Hasegawa T, Furukawa T. Tropisms of AAV for subretinal delivery to the neonatal mouse retina and its application for in vivo rescue of developmental photoreceptor disorders. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54146. [PMID: 23335994 PMCID: PMC3545928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is well established as a vehicle for in vivo gene transfer into the mammalian retina. This virus is promising not only for gene therapy of retinal diseases, but also for in vivo functional analysis of retinal genes. Previous reports have shown that AAV can infect various cell types in the developing mouse retina. However, AAV tropism in the developing retina has not yet been examined in detail. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We subretinally delivered seven AAV serotypes (AAV2/1, 2/2, 2/5, 2/8, 2/9, 2/10, and 2/11) of AAV-CAG-mCherry into P0 mouse retinas, and quantitatively evaluated the tropisms of each serotype by its infecting degree in retinal cells. After subretinal injection of AAV into postnatal day 0 (P0) mouse retinas, various retinal cell types were efficiently transduced with different AAVs. Photoreceptor cells were efficiently transduced with AAV2/5. Retinal cells, except for bipolar and Müller glial cells, were efficiently transduced with AAV2/9. Horizontal and/or ganglion cells were efficiently transduced with AAV2/1, AAV2/2, AAV2/8, AAV2/9 and AAV2/10. To confirm the usefulness of AAV-mediated gene transfer into the P0 mouse retina, we performed AAV-mediated rescue of the Cone-rod homeobox gene knockout (Crx KO) mouse, which exhibits an outer segment formation defect, flat electroretinogram (ERG) responses, and photoreceptor degeneration. We injected an AAV expressing Crx under the control of the Crx 2kb promoter into the neonatal Crx KO retina. We showed that AAV mediated-Crx expression significantly decreased the abnormalities of the Crx KO retina. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE In the current study, we report suitable AAV tropisms for delivery into the developing mouse retina. Using AAV2/5 in photoreceptor cells, we demonstrated the possibility of gene replacement for the developmental disorder and subsequent degeneration of retinal photoreceptors caused by the absence of Crx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Watanabe
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- JST, CREST, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rikako Sanuki
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- JST, CREST, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Koyasu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hasegawa
- Research Center for Ultra-high Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahisa Furukawa
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- JST, CREST, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Balakrishnan B, Sen D, Hareendran S, Roshini V, David S, Srivastava A, Jayandharan GR. Activation of the cellular unfolded protein response by recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53845. [PMID: 23320106 PMCID: PMC3540029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a stress-induced cyto-protective mechanism elicited towards an influx of large amount of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the present study, we evaluated if AAV manipulates the UPR pathways during its infection. We first examined the role of the three major UPR axes, namely, endoribonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1α), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) in AAV infected cells. Total RNA from mock or AAV infected HeLa cells were used to determine the levels of 8 different ER-stress responsive transcripts from these pathways. We observed a significant up-regulation of IRE1α (up to 11 fold) and PERK (up to 8 fold) genes 12–48 hours after infection with self-complementary (sc)AAV2 but less prominent with single-stranded (ss)AAV2 vectors. Further studies demonstrated that scAAV1 and scAAV6 also induce cellular UPR in vitro, with AAV1 vectors activating the PERK pathway (3 fold) while AAV6 vectors induced a significant increase on all the three major UPR pathways [6–16 fold]. These data suggest that the type and strength of UPR activation is dependent on the viral capsid. We then examined if transient inhibition of UPR pathways by RNA interference has an effect on AAV transduction. siRNA mediated silencing of PERK and IRE1α had a modest effect on AAV2 and AAV6 mediated gene expression (∼1.5–2 fold) in vitro. Furthermore, hepatic gene transfer of scAAV2 vectors in vivo, strongly elevated IRE1α and PERK pathways (2 and 3.5 fold, respectively). However, when animals were pre-treated with a pharmacological UPR inhibitor (metformin) during scAAV2 gene transfer, the UPR signalling and its subsequent inflammatory response was attenuated concomitant to a modest 2.8 fold increase in transgene expression. Collectively, these data suggest that AAV vectors activate the cellular UPR pathways and their selective inhibition may be beneficial during AAV mediated gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Balakrishnan
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dwaipayan Sen
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sangeetha Hareendran
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vaani Roshini
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sachin David
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alok Srivastava
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Giridhara R. Jayandharan
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- * E-mail:
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DiMattia MA, Nam HJ, Van Vliet K, Mitchell M, Bennett A, Gurda BL, McKenna R, Olson NH, Sinkovits RS, Potter M, Byrne BJ, Aslanidi G, Zolotukhin S, Muzyczka N, Baker TS, Agbandje-McKenna M. Structural insight into the unique properties of adeno-associated virus serotype 9. J Virol 2012; 86:6947-58. [PMID: 22496238 PMCID: PMC3393551 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.07232-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) has enhanced capsid-associated tropism for cardiac muscle and the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier compared to other AAV serotypes. To help identify the structural features facilitating these properties, we have used cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and three-dimensional image reconstruction (cryo-reconstruction) and X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of the AAV9 capsid at 9.7- and 2.8-Å resolutions, respectively. The AAV9 capsid exhibits the surface topology conserved in all AAVs: depressions at each icosahedral two-fold symmetry axis and surrounding each five-fold axis, three separate protrusions surrounding each three-fold axis, and a channel at each five-fold axis. The AAV9 viral protein (VP) has a conserved core structure, consisting of an eight-stranded, β-barrel motif and the αA helix, which are present in all parvovirus structures. The AAV9 VP differs in nine variable surface regions (VR-I to -IX) compared to AAV4, but at only three (VR-I, VR-II, and VR-IV) compared to AAV2 and AAV8. VR-I differences modify the raised region of the capsid surface between the two-fold and five-fold depressions. The VR-IV difference produces smaller three-fold protrusions in AAV9 that are less "pointed" than AAV2 and AAV8. Significantly, residues in the AAV9 VRs have been identified as important determinants of cellular tropism and transduction and dictate its antigenic diversity from AAV2. Hence, the AAV9 VRs likely confer the unique infection phenotypes of this serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. DiMattia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hyun-Joo Nam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kim Van Vliet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Antonette Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brittney L. Gurda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Norman H. Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Division of Biological Sciences, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert S. Sinkovits
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Division of Biological Sciences, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mark Potter
- Department of Pediatrics and Powell Gene Therapy Center, Division of Cell and Molecular Therapy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Barry J. Byrne
- Department of Pediatrics and Powell Gene Therapy Center, Division of Cell and Molecular Therapy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - George Aslanidi
- Department of Pediatrics and Powell Gene Therapy Center, Division of Cell and Molecular Therapy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sergei Zolotukhin
- Department of Pediatrics and Powell Gene Therapy Center, Division of Cell and Molecular Therapy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nicholas Muzyczka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Powell Gene Therapy Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Timothy S. Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Division of Biological Sciences, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Huang W, Mao Y, Liu W, Tang H, Jie F, Li H, Gu W. [Efficiency of three adeno-associated viruses for transfecting enhanced green fluorescent protein in Tibet minipig fetal fibroblasts]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2012; 32:857-861. [PMID: 22699070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficiency of three different serotypes of adeno-associated virus (AAV) in mediating the transfection of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in Tibet minipig fetal fibroblasts (PFFs). METHODS Three recombinant AAV of different serotypes encoding EGFP were constructed and transfected into primary cultured PFFs at the multiplicity of infection (MOI) ranging from 10(3) to 10(5). The expression rates of EGFP in the PFFs were assessed 72 h after the infection by flow cytometry, and the transfected PFFs were observed under inverted fluorescence microscope. The toxicity of AAVs to PFFs was analyzed using MTT assay. RESULTS The transfection efficiency of AAV2-EGFP increased with MOI. At the MOI of 10(3), the transfection efficiency of AAV2-EGFP was (33.68∓1.18)%, which increased to (50.80∓2.59)% at the MOI of 10(4) but without obvious further increase at the MOI of 10(5). The other two serotypes of the virus (AAV8 and AAV9) showed no obvious changes in the infection efficiency at any MOIs. The transfection efficiency of AAV8 was (8.3∓0.02)% and that of AAV9 was (2.20∓1.02)% at the MOI of 10(5). Transfection with the 3 viruses caused no adverse effects on the normal cell growth of the PFFs. CONCLUSIONS AAV2 has a significantly higher infection rate in cultured PFFs than AAV8 and AAV9, and the latter two have a rather low infection efficiency. All the three AAVs have no cell toxicity to the PFFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) was first discovered as a contaminant of adenovirus stocks in the 1960s. The development of recombinant AAV vectors (rAAV) was facilitated by early studies that generated infectious molecular clones, determined the sequence of the genome, and defined the genetic elements of the virus. The refinement of methods and protocols for the production and application of rAAV vectors has come from years of studies that explored the basic biology of this virus and its interaction with host cells. Interest in improving vector performance has in turn driven studies that have provided tremendous insights into the basic biology of the AAV lifecycle. In this chapter, we review the background on AAV biology and its exploitation for vectors and gene delivery.
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Hutson TH, Verhaagen J, Yáñez-Muñoz RJ, Moon LDF. Corticospinal tract transduction: a comparison of seven adeno-associated viral vector serotypes and a non-integrating lentiviral vector. Gene Ther 2012; 19:49-60. [PMID: 21562590 PMCID: PMC3160493 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Revised: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The corticospinal tract (CST) is extensively used as a model system for assessing potential therapies to enhance neuronal regeneration and functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI). However, efficient transduction of the CST is challenging and remains to be optimised. Recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors and integration-deficient lentiviral vectors are promising therapeutic delivery systems for gene therapy to the central nervous system (CNS). In the present study the cellular tropism and transduction efficiency of seven AAV vector serotypes (AAV1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8) and an integration-deficient lentiviral vector were assessed for their ability to transduce corticospinal neurons (CSNs) following intracortical injection. AAV1 was identified as the optimal serotype for transducing cortical and CSNs with green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression detectable in fibres projecting through the dorsal CST (dCST) of the cervical spinal cord. In contrast, AAV3 and AAV4 demonstrated a low efficacy for transducing CNS cells and AAV8 presented a potential tropism for oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, it was shown that neither AAV nor lentiviral vectors generate a significant microglial response. The identification of AAV1 as the optimal serotype for transducing CSNs should facilitate the design of future gene therapy strategies targeting the CST for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Hutson
- Neurorestoration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK.
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Xie Q, Lerch TF, Meyer NL, Chapman MS. Structure-function analysis of receptor-binding in adeno-associated virus serotype 6 (AAV-6). Virology 2011; 420:10-9. [PMID: 21917284 PMCID: PMC3185213 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Crystal structures of the AAV-6 capsid at 3Å reveal a subunit fold homologous to other parvoviruses with greatest differences in two external loops. The electrostatic potential suggests that receptor-attachment is mediated by four residues: Arg(576), Lys(493), Lys(459) and Lys(531), defining a positively charged region curving up from the valley between adjacent spikes. It overlaps only partially with the receptor-binding site of AAV-2, and the residues endowing the electrostatic character are not homologous. Mutational substitution of each residue decreases heparin affinity, particularly Lys(531) and Lys(459). Neither is conserved among heparin-binding serotypes, indicating that diverse modes of receptor attachment have been selected in different serotypes. Surface topology and charge are also distinct at the shoulder of the spike, where linear epitopes for AAV-2's neutralizing monoclonal antibody A20 come together. Evolutionarily, selection of changed side-chain charge may have offered a conservative means to evade immune neutralization while preserving other essential functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xie
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098
| | - Thomas F. Lerch
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098
| | - Nancy L. Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098
| | - Michael S. Chapman
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098
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Masamizu Y, Okada T, Kawasaki K, Ishibashi H, Yuasa S, Takeda S, Hasegawa I, Nakahara K. Local and retrograde gene transfer into primate neuronal pathways via adeno-associated virus serotype 8 and 9. Neuroscience 2011; 193:249-58. [PMID: 21782903 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Viral vector-mediated gene transfer has become increasingly valuable for primate brain research, in particular for application of genetic methods (e.g. optogenetics) to study neuronal circuit functions. Neuronal cell tropisms and infection patterns are viable options for obtaining viral vector-mediated transgene delivery that is selective for particular neuronal pathways. For example, several types of viral vectors can infect axon terminals (retrograde infections), which enables targeted transgene delivery to neurons that directly project to a particular viral injection region. Although recent studies in rodents have demonstrated that adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) and 9 (AAV9) efficiently transduce neurons, the tropisms and infection patterns remain poorly understood in primate brains. Here, we constructed recombinant AAV8 or AAV9, which expressed an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene driven by a ubiquitous promoter (AAV8-EGFP and AAV9-EGFP, respectively), and stereotaxically injected it into several brain regions in marmosets and macaque monkeys. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed almost exclusive colocalization of EGFP fluorescence via AAV9-mediated gene transfer with a neuron-specific marker, indicating endogenous neuronal tropism of AAV9, which was consistent with our previous results utilizing AAV8. Injections of either AAV8-EGFP or AAV9-EGFP into the marmoset striatum resulted in EGFP expression in local striatal neurons as a result of local infection, as well as expression in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra via retrograde transport along nigrostriatal axonal projections. Retrograde infections were also observed in the frontal cortex and thalamus, which are known to have direct projections to the striatum. These local and retrograde gene transfers were further demonstrated in the geniculocortical pathway of the marmoset visual system. These findings indicate promising capabilities of AAV8 and AAV9 to deliver molecular tools into a range of primate neural systems in pathway-specific manners through their neuronal tropisms and infection patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Masamizu
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
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Evans VC, Graham IR, Athanasopoulos T, Galley DJ, Jackson CL, Simons JP, Dickson G, Owen JS. Adeno-associated virus serotypes 7 and 8 outperform serotype 9 in expressing atheroprotective human apoE3 from mouse skeletal muscle. Metabolism 2011; 60:491-8. [PMID: 20580777 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 04/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular injection of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors is potentially a safe, minimally invasive procedure for the long-term gene expression of circulating antiatherogenic proteins. Here, we compare secretion and atheroprotective effects of human apoE3 after injection of 3 pseudotyped AAV vectors (AAV2/7, AAV2/8, or AAV2/9), driven by the CMV enhancer/chicken β-actin (CAG) promoter, into skeletal muscle of hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE⁻/⁻) mice. Vector viabilities were verified by transducing cultured C2C12 mouse myotubes and assessing secretion of human apoE3 protein. Both hind limb tibialis anterior muscles of female C57BL/6 apoE⁻/⁻ mice, 2 months old and fed a high-fat diet, were each injected with 1 x 10¹⁰ vector genomes of AAV vector. Identical noninjected mice served as controls; and blood was collected at weeks 0, 1, 2, 4, and 13. At termination (13 weeks), the brachiocephalic artery was excised; and after staining sections, plaque morphometry and fractional lipid content were quantified by computerized image analysis. Intramuscular injection of AAV2/7 and AAV2/8 vectors produced up to 2 μg human apoE3 per milliliter plasma, just below the threshold to reverse dyslipoproteinemia. AAV2/9 was notably less effective, mice having a 3-fold lower level of plasma apoE3 at 13 weeks and a 50% greater burden of atherosclerotic plaque lipid in their brachiocephalic arteries. We conclude that although vector refinement is needed to exploit fully apoE3 atheroprotective functions, AAV2/7 and AAV2/8 are promising gene transfer vectors for muscle-based expression of antiatherogenic circulating proteins.
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Li Y, Ge X, Hon CC, Zhang H, Zhou P, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Wang LF, Shi Z. Prevalence and genetic diversity of adeno-associated viruses in bats from China. J Gen Virol 2010; 91:2601-9. [PMID: 20573859 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.020032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are increasingly being recognized as important natural reservoirs of different viruses. Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are widely distributed in primates and their distribution in bats is unknown. In this study, a total of 370 faecal swab samples from 19 bat species were collected from various provinces of China and examined for the presence of AAVs. The mean prevalence rate was 22.4% (83 positives out of 370 samples), ranging from 10 to 38.9% among different bat species. The genome sequence spanning the entire rep-cap ORFs was determined from one chosen AAV-positive sample (designated BtAAV-YNM). Phylogenetic analysis of the entire rep-cap ORF coding sequences suggested that BtAAV-YNM is relatively distant to known primate AAVs, but phylogenetically closer to porcine AAV strain Po3. Further analysis of the partial cap ORF sequences of bat AAV samples (n=49) revealed a remarkably large genetic diversity, with an average pairwise nucleotide identity of only 84.3%. Co-presence of multiple distinctive genotypes of bat AAV within an individual sample was also observed. These results demonstrated that diverse AAVs might be widely distributed in bat populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, PR China
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Teschendorf C, Emons B, Muzyczka N, Graeven U, Schmiegel W. Efficacy of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors serotypes 1, 2, and 5 for the transduction of pancreatic and colon carcinoma cells. Anticancer Res 2010; 30:1931-1935. [PMID: 20651336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of efficient and specific vector systems remains a central issue in gene therapy. Several different adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes have so far been characterized so far which show different tissue tropisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The vectors used here contained AAV2 transgene cassette containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in AAV1, AAV2, or AAV5 capsids, producing the recombinant pseudotypes rAAV2/1, rAAV2/2, and rAAV2/5. The transduction efficiency of the different pseudotyped AAV vectors was tested in vitro in pancreatic and colon cancer cells lines (HT-29, BXPC3, and Hs766T). RESULTS For all three serotypes, the percentage of GFP-positive cells was below 10% at multiplicities of infection (MOI) 100 rAAV vectors when used alone for infection. However, transduction efficiency for rAAV vectors increased dramatically when the cells were co-infected with wild-type adenovirus (wtAd). The percentage of GFP-positive cells ranged from 19.8-65.3% for AAV2/1 and 16.9-70.2% for AAV2/5, respectively. It was highest for rAAV2/2, at 40.9-88.4%. Variation between the cell lines was observed, with BXPC3 scoring the highest transduction rates and HT-29 the lowest. CONCLUSION This study indicates that vectors based on distinct AAV serotypes 1, 2, and 5 all transduce pancreatic and colon cell lines poorly when used alone. Co-infection with wtAd increase transduction rates dramatically indicating that slow second-strand synthesis is a reason for the poor transduction efficiency. Due to the poor transduction rates, none of the rAAV serotypes tested here seem to be feasible for the treatment of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Teschendorf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, University of Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany.
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Zheng H, Qiao C, Wang CH, Li J, Li J, Yuan Z, Zhang C, Xiao X. Efficient retrograde transport of adeno-associated virus type 8 to spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion after vector delivery in muscle. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 21:87-97. [PMID: 19719401 PMCID: PMC2829464 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system (PNS), including peripheral nerves and dorsal root ganglion (DRG), is involved in numerous neurological disorders, such as peripheral neuropathies (diabetic neuropathy, chronic pain, etc.) and demyelination diseases (multiple sclerosis, congenital muscular dystrophy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, etc.). Effective clinical interventions for those diseases are very limited. Gene therapy represents a novel therapeutic strategy for the PNS diseases, especially with simply and minimally invasive delivery methods. Previously, we have shown that adeno-associated virus type 8 (AAV8) can efficiently transduce muscles body wide by a simple intraperitoneal injection in neonatal mice. In this study, we investigated the capacity of AAV8 in transducing PNS in neonatal mice by intraperitoneal injection and also in adult mice by intramuscular injection. Efficient and long-term gene transfer was found in the white matter of the spinal cord, DRG neurons, and peripheral nerves in both groups, treated either as neonates or as adults, particularly neonates. In the adult mice injected with AAV8 in tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles in one of the hind legs, more neurons were transduced in the lower part of the spinal cord than in the upper part; the DRG neurons were transduced more on the vector-injected side than in the contralateral uninjected side. Few cells in the gray matter of the spinal cord were transduced regardless of the delivery methods and age of the mice. These results support the mechanism of vector retrograde transport and suggest that AAV8 crosses blood-nerve barrier poorly. Our finding should have important implications in gene therapy for peripheral neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Chunping Qiao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Chi-Hsien Wang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Juan Li
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Jianbin Li
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Zhenhua Yuan
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
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Goodrich L, Choi V, Carbone BD, McIlwraith C, Samulski R. Ex vivo serotype-specific transduction of equine joint tissue by self-complementary adeno-associated viral vectors. Hum Gene Ther 2009; 20:1697-702. [PMID: 19642864 PMCID: PMC2861962 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation for the treatment of joint disease is an important clinical tool. Genetic modification of cells before transplantation has shown enhanced healing. Ex vivo genetic modification of joint tissue cells with various adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes has not been investigated. The transduction efficiencies of self-complementary AAV serotypes (1-6 and 8) were determined in joint tissue containing chondrocytes and synoviocytes isolated from equine models. When comparing scAAV serotypes for efficient transduction ex vivo, in chondrocytes versus synoviocytes, serotypes 6 and 2, and serotypes 3 and 2, respectively, appeared superior for gene expression. Unlike adenoviral vectors, no upregulation of inflammatory markers, such as matrix metalloproteinases and aggrecanase, was seen on treatment of joint tissue with AAV vectors ex vivo. Our findings also corroborate that ex vivo transduction of joint tissue can result in high transgene protein levels over time, and transplantation modalities might be feasible using AAV vectors in the treatment of joint-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.R. Goodrich
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - V.W. Choi
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - B.A. Duda Carbone
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - C.W. McIlwraith
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - R.J. Samulski
- University of North Carolina Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Vaessen SFC, Veldman RJ, Comijn EM, Snapper J, Sierts JA, van den Oever K, Beattie SG, Twisk J, Kuivenhoven JA. AAV gene therapy as a means to increase apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels: correction of murine ApoA-I deficiency. J Gene Med 2009; 11:697-707. [PMID: 19431216 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I deficiency is an orphan disorder characterized by high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol deficiency and premature atherosclerosis. Constitutive over-expression of ApoA-I might provide a means to treat this disease. The present study provides a comprehensive evaluation of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated ApoA-I gene delivery to express human (h)ApoA-I and correct the low HDL-cholesterol phenotype associated with ApoA-I deficiency. METHODS In an effort to maximize AAV-mediated gene expression, we performed head-to-head comparisons of recombinant AAVs with pseudotype capsids 1, 2, 6 and 8 administered by different routes with the use of five different liver-specific promoters in addition to cytomegalovirus as single-stranded or as self-complementary (sc) AAV vectors. RESULTS Intravenous administration of 1 x 10(13) gc/kg scAAV8, in combination with the liver-specific promoter LP1, in female ApoA-I(-/-) mice resulted in hApoA-I expression levels of 634 +/- 69 mg/l, which persisted for the duration of the study (15 weeks). This treatment resulted in full recovery of HDL-cholesterol levels with correction of HDL particle size and apolipoprotein composition. In addition, we observed increased adrenal cholesterol content and a significant increase in bodyweight in treated mice. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that systemic delivery of a scAAV8 vector provides a means for efficient liver expression of hApoA-I, thereby correcting the lipid abnormalities associated with murine ApoA-I deficiency. Importantly, the study demonstrates that AAV-based gene therapy can be used to express therapeutic proteins at a high level for a prolonged period of time and, as such, provides a basis for further development of this strategy to treat hApoA-I deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F C Vaessen
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Mitchell M, Nam HJ, Carter A, McCall A, Rence C, Bennett A, Gurda B, McKenna R, Porter M, Sakai Y, Byrne BJ, Muzyczka N, Aslanidi G, Zolotukhin S, Agbandje-McKenna M. Production, purification and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of adeno-associated virus serotype 9. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2009; 65:715-8. [PMID: 19574648 PMCID: PMC2705643 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309109021460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 9, which is under development for gene-delivery applications, shows significantly enhanced capsid-associated transduction efficiency in muscle compared with other AAV serotypes. With the aim of characterizing the structural determinants of this property, the purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analyses of the AAV9 viral capsid are reported. The crystals diffracted X-rays to 2.8 A resolution using synchrotron radiation and belonged to the trigonal space group P3(2), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 251.0, c = 640.0 A. There are three complete viral capsids in the crystal unit cell. The orientation and position of the asymmetric unit capsid have been determined by molecular-replacement methods and structure determination is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Hyun-Joo Nam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Adam Carter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Angela McCall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chelsea Rence
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Antonette Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brittney Gurda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mark Porter
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Powell Gene Therapy Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yoshihisa Sakai
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Powell Gene Therapy Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Barry J. Byrne
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Powell Gene Therapy Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nicholas Muzyczka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Powell Gene Therapy Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - George Aslanidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell and Molecular Therapy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sergei Zolotukhin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell and Molecular Therapy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Lerch TF, Xie Q, Ongley HM, Hare J, Chapman MS. Twinned crystals of adeno-associated virus serotype 3b prove suitable for structural studies. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2009; 65:177-83. [PMID: 19194015 PMCID: PMC2635862 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309109000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are leading candidate vectors for gene-therapy applications. The AAV-3b capsid is closely related to the well characterized AAV-2 capsid (87% identity), but sequence and presumably structural differences lead to distinct cell-entry and immune-recognition properties. In an effort to understand these differences and to perhaps harness them, diffraction-quality crystals of purified infectious AAV-3b particles have been grown and several partial diffraction data sets have been recorded. The crystals displayed varying levels of merohedral twinning that in earlier times would have rendered them unsuitable for structure determination, but here is shown to be a tractable complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F. Lerch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Heather M. Ongley
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4381, USA
| | - Joan Hare
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4381, USA
| | - Michael S. Chapman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
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Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have unique gene-transfer properties that speak to their potential as carriers for gene therapy or vaccine applications. However, the presence of neutralizing antibodies to AAV as a result of previous exposure can significantly limit effective gene transfer. In this study, we obtained 888 human serum samples from healthy volunteers in 10 countries around the world. Samples were assayed for neutralizing antibodies to AAV1, AAV2, AAV7, and AAV8, as well as to a novel, structurally distinct AAV vector, rh32.33, in an in vitro transduction inhibition assay. Our data revealed that neutralizing antibodies to AAV2 were the most prevalent antibodies in all regions, followed by antibodies to AAV1. The seroprevalences of antibodies to AAV7 and to AAV8 were lower than that for antibodies to AAV1, and neutralization of AAVrh32.33 was only rarely detected. Our data also indicate a strong linkage of seroreactivity between apparently distinct serotypes that has not been predicted previously in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Calcedo
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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39
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Lipiec A, Małecki M, Hajdukiewic K. [Serotypes of adeno-associated viruses]. Postepy Biochem 2009; 55:95-102. [PMID: 19514470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer, monogenic and cardiovascular diseases are the main targets of clinical gene therapy. For the most part, the research is making use of virus gene carriers based on genome of well characterized adenoviruses and retroviruses. There is an intensive research being done on cloning vectors that would successfully deliver the therapeutic genes into the cells of interest without causing side effects. Experimental research and first clinical trials emphasize therapeutic significance of recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAV). The presence of AAV serotypes and possibility of their cloning in vitro allow conducting clinical trials of gene therapy using gene products introducing therapeutic genes into targeted cells, tissues, organs. In the work twelve known serotypes of AAV are described. The cell tropism as well as biological activity were discussed. Research shows that AAV vectors mostly are able to infect skeletal muscles (AAV1, 8, 9), heart (AAV9), liver (AAV8) and sense organs (AAV3, 4, 5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lipiec
- Zakład Biologii Komórki, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie, Warszawa
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40
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Quesada O, Gurda B, Govindasamy L, McKenna R, Kohlbrenner E, Aslanidi G, Zolotukhin S, Muzyczka N, Agbandje-McKenna M. Production, purification and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of adeno-associated virus serotype 7. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2007; 63:1073-6. [PMID: 18084098 PMCID: PMC2344100 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309107060289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Crystals of baculovirus-expressed adeno-associated virus serotype 7 capsids diffract X-rays to approximately 3.0 A resolution. The crystals belong to the rhombohedral space group R3, with unit-cell parameters a = 252.4, c = 591.2 A in the hexagonal setting. The diffraction data were processed and reduced to an overall completeness of 79.0% and an R(merge) of 12.0%. There are three viral capsids in the unit cell. The icosahedral threefold axis is coincident with the crystallographic threefold axis, resulting in one third of a capsid (20 monomers) per crystallographic asymmetric unit. The orientation of the viral capsid has been determined by rotation-function searches and is positioned at (0, 0, 0) by packing considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odayme Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Structural Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brittney Gurda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Structural Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lakshmanan Govindasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Structural Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Structural Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Erik Kohlbrenner
- Division of Cell and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - George Aslanidi
- Division of Cell and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sergei Zolotukhin
- Division of Cell and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nicholas Muzyczka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Powell Gene Therapy Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, Center for Structural Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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41
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Wu JQ, Zhao WH, Li Y, Zhu B, Yin KS. Adeno-associated virus mediated gene transfer into lung cancer cells promoting CD40 ligand-based immunotherapy. Virology 2007; 368:309-16. [PMID: 17675129 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the CD40 ligand (CD40L) on tumors can activate host immune systems and produce antitumor effects against the tumors. To deliver the CD40L gene efficiently, we evaluated the efficiency of transduction of different serotypes of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors in lung cancer A549 cells and compared the transduction efficiency of a conventional AAV vector with that of self-complementary AAV (scAAV) vectors as well. We determined that serotype AAV2/5 transduced A549 cells much more efficiently than serotypes AAV2/1, AAV2/2, AAV2/6, AAV2/7, AAV2/8, AAV2/9 and AAV2/10. And the transduction efficiency of scAAV2/5 was significantly higher than conventional AAV2/5. Furthermore, pre-treatment with carboplatin, which is a chemotherapeutic agent used in lung cancer chemotherapy, substantially increased AAV-mediated transgene expression. The scAAV2/5 vectors encoding human CD40L were used to tranduce CD40L into A549 cells, which were then co-cultivated with immature human dendritic cells (DCs). Interleukin 12 (IL-12) that was released was measured in the culture supernatant. Specificity of the immunostimulatory effect of CD40L was confirmed by blocking with a monoclonal antibody binding to human CD40L. The in vivo antitumor activity was evaluated in BALB/c nude mice bearing A549 lung cancer. scAAV2/5-CD40L showed significant inhibitory effects on the growth of transplanted tumor cells as compared with control group. These studies suggest that recombinant AAV2/5-CD40L may provide an effective form of therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qing Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China.
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42
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Lee HS, Shin OK, Kim SJ, Lee WI, Jeong S, Park K, Choe H, Lee H. Efficient gene expression by self-complementary adeno-associated virus serotype 2 and 5 in various human cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2007; 18:611-6. [PMID: 17671708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of various self-complementary AAV (scAAV) serotypes as efficient gene delivery vehicles in human cancer cells was evaluated. To dissect the transduction characteristics, we infected a variety of human cancer cells with scAAV1-6 or scAAV8 expressing GFP. scAAV2 led to the best transduction efficiency with nearly complete transgene expression at 1000 MOI in most cancer cells, regardless of cell/tissue origins. scAAV5 could also induce effective gene expression, even though gene transfer potency by scAAV5 was poorer than that by scAAV2. Substantial portion of transgene expression lasted over a month following gene delivery by both scAAV 2 and scAAV5, indicating that long-term gene expression can occur. Moreover, co-infection of scAAV2 and scAAV5 can induce simultaneous transgene expressions introduced via each vector. Thus, the current study provide evidence that scAAV2 and scAAV5 vectors are excellent gene transfer tools in a wide variety of human cancer cells, independently driving persistent transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Saem Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
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43
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Abstract
Differences between rodent and human airway cell biology have made it difficult to translate recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated gene therapies to the lung for cystic fibrosis (CF). As new ferret and pig models for CF become available, knowledge about host cell/vector interactions in these species will become increasingly important for testing potential gene therapies. To this end, we have compared the transduction biology of three rAAV serotypes (AAV1, 2 and 5) in human, ferret, pig and mouse-polarized airway epithelia. Our results indicate that apical transduction of ferret and pig airway epithelia with these rAAV serotypes closely mirrors that observed in human epithelia (rAAV1>rAAV2 congruent withrAAV5), while transduction of mouse epithelia was significantly different (rAAV1>rAAV5>>rAAV2). Similarly, ferret, pig and human epithelia also shared serotype-specific differences in the polarity (apical vs basolateral) and proteasome dependence of rAAV transduction. Despite these parallels, N-linked sialic acid receptors were required for rAAV1 and rAAV5 transduction of human and mouse airway epithelia, but not ferret or pig airway epithelia. Hence, although the airway tropisms of rAAV serotypes 1, 2 and 5 are conserved better among ferret, pig and human as compared to mouse, viral receptors/co-receptors appear to maintain considerable species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for Gene Therapy of Cystic Fibrosis and Other Genetic Diseases, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - M Luo
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - C Guo
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yingchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Z Yan
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for Gene Therapy of Cystic Fibrosis and Other Genetic Diseases, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Y Wang
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yingchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - JF Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yingchuan, Ningxia, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for Gene Therapy of Cystic Fibrosis and Other Genetic Diseases, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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44
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Ozawa K. [Development of AAV vector and its application to gene therapy]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2007; 52:1288-93. [PMID: 17824254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
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45
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Qiu J, Cheng F, Pintel DJ. Expression profiles of bovine adeno-associated virus and avian adeno-associated virus display significant similarity to that of adeno-associated virus type 5. J Virol 2007; 80:5482-93. [PMID: 16699028 PMCID: PMC1472158 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02735-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the first detailed expression profiles of nonprimate-derived adeno-associated viruses, namely, bovine adeno-associated virus (B-AAV) and avian adeno-associated virus (A-AAV), which were obtained after the infection of cell lines derived from their natural hosts. In general, the profiles of B-AAV and A-AAV were quite similar to that of AAV5; however, both exhibited features found for AAV2 as well. Like adeno-associated virus type 5 (AAV5), B-AAV and A-AAV utilized an internal polyadenylation site [(pA)p]; however, it was used to greater relative levels by B-AAV than by A-AAV. Similar to AAV5, >99% of B-AAV RNAs generated from upstream promoters were polyadenylated at (pA)p and hence not spliced. In contrast, ca. 50% of the A-AAV RNAs generated from upstream promoters read through (pA)p, as seen for AAV2. However, A-AAV generated lower levels of spliced P5 and P19 products than does AAV2, suggesting that A-AAV generates lower relative levels of Rep 68 and Rep 40. An additional difference in the expression profile of these viruses was that B-AAV generated a greater level of ITR-initiated RNAs than did A-AAV or AAV5. In addition, we demonstrate that, like AAV2, transactivation of transcription of the capsid-gene promoter of B-AAV required both adenovirus and targeting of its Rep protein to the transcription template; however, expression of the capsid-gene promoter of A-AAV was, like AAV5, largely independent of both adenovirus and its Rep proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Qiu
- Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, 1201 Rollins Road, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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46
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Wang P, Li H, Yang HJ, Wang HB, Lü JH, Zhang Y, Hu J. Glycerol facilitates the disaggregation of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 on mica surface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2007; 60:264-7. [PMID: 17692508 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2007] [Revised: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of distributed virus on a solid substrate is a prerequisite for investigation of the properties and individualism of virus, while many previous studies showed that virus has a tendency to aggregate on solid substrates. In this communication, we report a novel approach by which well-separated recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (rAAV2) could be prepared on bare mica surface. The key technique in this approach is the addition of less than 3% (v/v) glycerol into the virus solution and subsequently deposition onto mica surface for the sample preparation. The possible mechanisms are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
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47
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Brantly ML, Spencer LT, Humphries M, Conlon TJ, Spencer CT, Poirier A, Garlington W, Baker D, Song S, Berns KI, Muzyczka N, Snyder RO, Byrne BJ, Flotte TR. Phase I trial of intramuscular injection of a recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 alphal-antitrypsin (AAT) vector in AAT-deficient adults. Hum Gene Ther 2007; 17:1177-86. [PMID: 17115945 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A phase I trial of intramuscular injection of a recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (rAAV2) alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) vector was performed in 12 AAT-deficient adults, 10 of whom were male. All subjects were either homozygous for the most common AAT mutation (a missense mutation designated PI*Z) or compound heterozygous for PI*Z and another mutation known to cause disease. There were four dose cohorts, ranging from 2.1 x 10(12) vector genomes (VG) to 6.9 x 10(13) VG, with three subjects per cohort. Subjects were injected sequentially in a dose-escalating fashion with a minimum of 14 days between patients. Subjects who had been receiving AAT protein replacement discontinued that therapy 28 days before vector administration. There were no vector-related serious adverse events in any of the 12 participants. Vector DNA sequences were detected in the blood between 1 and 3 days after injection in nearly all patients receiving doses of 6.9 x 10(12) VG or higher. Anti-AAV2 capsid antibodies were present and rose after vector injection, but no other immune responses were detected. One subject who had not been receiving protein replacement exhibited low-level expression of wild-type M-AAT in the serum (82 nM), which was detectable 30 days after receiving an injection of 2.1 x 10(13) VG. Unfortunately, residual but declining M-AAT levels from the washout of the protein replacement elevated background levels sufficiently to obscure any possible vector expression in that range in most of the other individuals in the higher dose cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Brantly
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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48
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Yue TW, Chien WC, Tseng SJ, Tang SC. EDC/NHS-mediated heparinization of small intestinal submucosa for recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 binding and transduction. Biomaterials 2007; 28:2350-7. [PMID: 17298843 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in the use of gene transfer vectors as therapeutic tools is controlling vector administration at a desired tissue site. One potential solution is implanting tissue-engineering constructs loaded with gene transfer vectors such as viruses for localized transgene delivery. In this work, we conjugated recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (rAAV2) to a heparinized small intestinal submucosa (H-SIS) matrix, which resulted in vector transduction upon cellular adhesion. H-SIS was prepared by incorporating heparin, the rAAV2 receptor, into SIS through N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) mediated crosslinking. Incorporated heparin adsorbed rAAV2 onto the H-SIS matrix for conjugation. Using green fluorescent protein and beta-galactosidase as reporters, we showed that conjugated rAAV2 was active and capable of mediating transgene delivery in cell culture. Additionally, we applied H-SIS to adsorb unpurified rAAV2 from the crude lysate of packaging cells for conjugation, avoiding the use of ultracentrifugation or chromatography in preparation of infectious rAAV2 for transduction. Our work provides a unique, modified tissue substrate H-SIS for rAAV2 binding and transduction, which can be a useful tool in developing localized gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Wei Yue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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49
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Voutetakis A, Zheng C, Mineshiba F, Cotrim AP, Goldsmith CM, Schmidt M, Afione S, Roescher N, Metzger M, Eckhaus MA, Chiorini JA, Dunbar CE, Donahue RE, Baum BJ. Adeno-associated virus serotype 2-mediated gene transfer to the parotid glands of nonhuman primates. Hum Gene Ther 2007; 18:142-50. [PMID: 17328682 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands (SGs) are promising gene transfer targets with potential clinical applicability. Previous experiments in rodents using recombinant serotype 2 adeno-associated viral (rAAV2) vectors have demonstrated relatively stable transgene-encoded protein levels after SG gene transfer. In the present study, we examine direct SG administration of rAAV2 vectors encoding rhesus macaque erythropoietin (RhEPO) to the parotid glands of nonhuman primates using two different doses (n = 3 per group; 1 x 10(10) or 3 x 10(11) particles/gland, respectively). Gene transfer had no negative effects on general macaque physiology (e.g., weight, complete blood count, and serum chemistry). Macaques were euthanized 6 months after vector administration and complete necropsy and pathology assessments were performed, revealing no vector-related pathological lesions in any of the examined organs. In the high-dose group, RhEPO expression increased quickly (i.e., by week 1) and levels remained relatively stable both in serum and saliva until the end of the study. Serum-to-saliva ratios of RhEPO revealed secretion of the transgene product into the bloodstream, but not to the extent previously observed in mice. Furthermore, the kinetic results were not predicted by those observed in murine SGs. With respect to viral biodistribution, at necropsy vector was found overwhelmingly in the targeted parotid gland ( approximately 100 times more than levels in other tissues, most of which were similar to tissue levels in nontreated animals). We conclude that administration of modest doses of rAAV2 vectors to SGs for therapeutic purposes can be accomplished without significant or permanent injury to the targeted gland or to distant organs of nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Voutetakis
- Gene Therapy and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Department of Human Health Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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50
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Wu JQ, Zhao WH, Yin KS, Cheng YL. [Adeno-associated virus-mediated CD40 ligand transfer into human lung cancer cells]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2007; 29:253-7. [PMID: 17760249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the transduction efficiency of serotype 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) in human lung cancer cell line A549 cells and compare the transduction efficiency of conventional AAV vectors with that of self-complementary AAV (scAAV) vectors. Furthermore, the capacity of A549 cells expressing transgenic CD40L to stimulate dendritic cells (DCs) was evaluated. METHODS Lung cancer A549 cells were infected with 1 x 10(4) particules per cell of AAV encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) or human CD40L driven by CMV promotor, and transgene expression was analyzed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Stimulation of isolated human dendritic cells by CD40L-expressing tumor cells was quantified by measuring secreted interleukin-12 with immunoassay. RESULTS Serotype AAV2/5 transduced A549 cells much more efficiently than serotypes AAV2/1, AAV2/2, AAV2/6, AAV2/7, AAV2/8, AAV2/9 and AAV2/10. The transduction efficiency of scAAV2/5 was significantly higher than that of conventional AAV2/5. Furthermore, pre-treatment with carboplatin substantially increased AAV-mediated transgene expression. The scAAV2/5 vectors encoding human CD40L was used to generate CD40L. A549 cells transduce by these vectors were co-cultured with immature human DCs. As a consequence, interleukin-12 was released and measured in the culture supernatant. Specificity of immunostimulatory effect of CD40L was confirmed by blocking with a monoclonal antibody binding to human CD40L. CONCLUSION scAAV2/5 transduce lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell efficiently, and co-administration of chemotherapeutic agent carboplatin further enhances its transduction efficiency. It is confirmed that lung cancer cells infected with a CD40L-encoding scAAV2/5 construct can activate human DCs to secrete interleukin-12. Our findings provided a basis for future immunotherapeutic approaches including intratumoral transfer of stimulating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-qing Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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