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Cruz-Ochoa NA, Motta-Teixeira LC, Cruz-Ochoa PF, Lopez-Paredes S, Ochoa-Amaya JE, Takada SH, Xavier GF, Nogueira MI. Post-weaning social isolation modifies neonatal anoxia-induced changes in energy metabolism and growth of rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38530155 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal oxygen deficiency in rats may disturb growth and long-term metabolic homeostasis. In order to facilitate metabolic evaluation, the subjects are usually housed individually. However, social isolation associated with individually housed conditions alters animal behavior, which may influence the experimental results. This study investigated the effects of social isolation on neonatal anoxia-induced changes in growth and energy metabolism. Male and female Wistar rats were exposed, on postnatal day 2 (P2), to either 25-min of anoxia or control treatment. From P27 onward, part of the subjects of each group was isolated in standard cages, and the remaining subjects were housed in groups. At P34 or P95, the subjects were fasted for 18 h, refeed for 1 h, and then perfused 30 min later. Glycemia, leptin, insulin, and morphology of the pancreas were evaluated at both ages. For subjects perfused at P95, body weight and food intake were recorded up to P90, and the brain was collected for Fos and NeuN immunohistochemistry. Results showed that male rats exposed to neonatal anoxia and social isolation exhibited increased body weight gain despite the lack of changes in food intake. In addition, social isolation (1) decreased post-fasting weight loss and post-fasting food intake and (2) increased glycemia, insulin, and leptin levels of male and female rats exposed to anoxia and control treatments, both at P35 and P95. Furthermore, although at P35, anoxia increased insulin levels of males, it decreased the area of the β-positive cells in the pancreas of females. At P95, anoxia increased post-prandial weight loss of males, post-fasting food intake, insulin, and leptin, and decreased Fos expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of males and females. Hyperphagia was associated with possible resistance to leptin and insulin, suspected by the high circulating levels of these hormones and poor neuronal activation of ARC. This study demonstrated that continuous social isolation from weaning modifies, in a differentiated way, the long-term energy metabolism and growth of male and female Wistar rats exposed to neonatal anoxia or even control treatments. Therefore, social isolation should be considered as a factor that negatively influences experimental results and the outcomes of the neonatal injury. These results should also be taken into account in clinical procedures, since the used model simulates the preterm babies' conditions and some therapeutic approaches require isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Andrea Cruz-Ochoa
- Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Clemente Motta-Teixeira
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo Felipe Cruz-Ochoa
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Santiago Lopez-Paredes
- Research Group of Pathology of Domestic and Wild Animals. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - Julieta Esperanza Ochoa-Amaya
- Research Group of Pathology of Domestic and Wild Animals. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - Silvia Honda Takada
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics. Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paolo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fernando Xavier
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Nogueira
- Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhu L, Yuan Q, Jing C, Sun L, Jiang L. Angiogenic responses are enhanced by recombinant human erythropoietin in a model of periventricular white matter damage of neonatal rats through EPOR-ERK1 signaling. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024; 83:161-167. [PMID: 38263262 PMCID: PMC10880070 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EPO) has been shown to stimulate neurogenesis and angiogenesis, both of which play crucial roles in the repair of brain injuries. Previously, we observed that rh-EPO treatment effectively reduced brain damage and enhanced angiogenesis in a neonatal rat model of periventricular white matter damage (PWMD). The objective of this research is to investigate the specific mechanism through which rh-EPO regulates angiogenesis following PWMD in premature neonates. We conducted experiments utilizing a neonatal PWMD model. Following rh-EPO treatment, the levels of erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) were found to be increased in the damaged brain of rats. Although the total amount of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a downstream protein in the EPO signaling pathway, remained unchanged, there was clear upregulation of phosphorylated ERK1 (p-ERK1) levels. The increase in levels of p-ERK1 was inhibited by an ERK kinase inhibitor, while the total amount of ERK remained unchanged. Conversely, the levels of EPOR were not affected by the inhibitor. Notably, the introduction of rh-EPO led to a significant increase in the frequency of angiogenesis-related cells and the expression levels of angiogenic factors. However, these effects were nullified when the ERK pathway was blocked. These findings indicate that rh-EPO enhances angiogenic responses through the EPOR-ERK1 pathway in a neonatal PWMD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Qichao Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Danyang People’s Hospital Affiliate of Nantong University, Danyang 212300, China
| | - Chunping Jing
- Department of Pediatrics, Danyang People’s Hospital Affiliate of Nantong University, Danyang 212300, China
| | - Lingxian Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Xie Y, Yang Y, Yuan T. Brain Damage in the Preterm Infant: Clinical Aspects and Recent Progress in the Prevention and Treatment. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2023; 22:27-40. [PMID: 35209835 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220223092905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the prevalence of brain injury and related neurodevelopmental disabilities resulting from preterm birth are major public health concerns, there are no definite neuroprotective strategies to prevent or reduce brain injury. The pattern of brain injury seen in preterm infants has evolved into more subtle lesions that are still essential to diagnose regarding neurodevelopmental outcomes. There is no specific effective method for the treatment of premature infant brain injury, and the focus of clinical treatment is still on prevention. Prevention of this injury requires insight into the pathogenesis, but many gaps exist in our understanding of how neonatal treatment procedures and medications impact cerebral hemodynamics and preterm brain injury. Many studies provide evidence about the prevention of premature infant brain injury, which is related to some drugs (such as erythropoietin, melatonin, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.). However, there are still some controversies about the quality of research and the effectiveness of therapy. This review aims to recapitulate the results of preclinical studies and provide an update on the latest developments around etiological pathways, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Xie
- Department of Neonatology, Children\'s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Children\'s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tianming Yuan
- Department of Neonatology, Children\'s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Andersen HB, Andersen M, Bennedsgaard K, Kerrn-Jespersen S, Kyng KJ, Holm IE, Henriksen TB. No Differences in Cerebral Immunohistochemical Markers following Remote Ischemic Postconditioning in Newborn Piglets with Hypoxia-Ischemia. Neuropediatrics 2022; 53:423-431. [PMID: 35777661 PMCID: PMC9643070 DOI: 10.1055/a-1889-8544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite therapeutic hypothermia, neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy still develop neurological disabilities. We have previously investigated neuroprotection by remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPC) in newborn piglets following hypoxia-ischemia (HI). The aim of this study was to further investigate potential effects of RIPC on cerebral immunohistochemical markers related to edema, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. METHODS Brain expression of aquaporin 4, caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma 2, and vascular endothelial growth factor was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 23 piglets, randomly selected from a larger study of RIPC after HI. Twenty animals were subjected to 45 minutes of HI and randomized to treatment with and without RIPC, while three animals were randomized to sham procedures. RIPC was conducted by four conditioning cycles of 5-minute ischemia and reperfusion. Piglets were euthanized 72 hours after the HI insult. RESULTS Piglets subjected to HI treated with and without RIPC were similar at baseline and following the HI insult. However, piglets randomized to HI alone had longer duration of low blood pressure during the insult. We found no differences in the brain expression of the immunohistochemical markers in any regions of interest or the whole brain between the two HI groups. CONCLUSION RIPC did not influence brain expression of markers related to edema, apoptosis, or angiogenesis in newborn piglets at 72 hours after HI. These results support previous findings of limited neuroprotective effect by this RIPC protocol. Our results may have been affected by the time of assessment, use of fentanyl as anesthetic, or limitations related to our immunohistochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah B. Andersen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads Andersen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristine Bennedsgaard
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sigrid Kerrn-Jespersen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper J. Kyng
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ida E. Holm
- Department of Pathology, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Tine B. Henriksen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Li J, Feng Y, Zhao J, Fang Z, Liu H. Telomerase reverse transcriptase promotes angiogenesis in neonatal rats after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14220. [PMID: 36299510 PMCID: PMC9590416 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is an endogenous repair mechanism following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Interestingly, recent studies have shown that angiogenesis can be regulated by telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), a critical component of telomerase. As telomerase reverse transcriptase can promote angiogenesis after stroke, we hypothesized that it could also promote angiogenesis after HIBD. To test this hypothesis, we developed in vivo and in vitro HIBD models in neonatal rats. Methods TERT was overexpressed by lentivirus and adenovirus infection, and levels were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We used a cell counting kit to quantify the proliferation rate of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), and immunofluorescence staining to measure CD34 expression levels. A microvessel formation assay was used to evaluate angiogenesis. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity was assessed using immunohistochemical staining for ZO-1 and Evans Blue staining. Lastly, the expression level of Notch-1 was measured by western blotting. Results Overexpression of TERT promoted the proliferation of BMECs after hypoxic-ischemic damage in vitro. TERT overexpression increased the formation of microvessels in the neonatal brain after HIBD both in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of TERT improved BBB integrity in the brains of neonatal rats after HIBD. In addition, the expression level of Notch-1 was increased in BMECs following oxygen glucose deprivation, and overexpression of TERT further increased Notch-1 expression levels in BMECs following oxygen glucose deprivation. Discussion Our results reveal that telomerase reverse transcriptase promotes angiogenesis and maintains the integrity of the blood-brain barrier after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Furthermore, the Notch-1 signaling pathway appears to contribute to the angiogenic function of telomerase reverse transcriptase. This protective effect of telomerase reverse transcriptase opens new horizons for future investigations aimed at uncovering the full potential of telomerase reverse transcriptase as a promising new target for the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Fang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiting Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Klepper S, Jung S, Dittmann L, Geppert CI, Hartmann A, Beier N, Trollmann R. Further Evidence of Neuroprotective Effects of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin and Growth Hormone in Hypoxic Brain Injury in Neonatal Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158693. [PMID: 35955834 PMCID: PMC9368903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental in vivo data have recently shown complementary neuroprotective actions of rhEPO and growth hormone (rhGH) in a neonatal murine model of hypoxic brain injury. Here, we hypothesized that rhGH and rhEPO mediate stabilization of the blood−brain barrier (BBB) and regenerative vascular effects in hypoxic injury to the developing brain. Using an established model of neonatal hypoxia, neonatal mice (P7) were treated i.p. with rhGH (4000 µg/kg) or rhEPO (5000 IU/kg) 0/12/24 h after hypoxic exposure. After a regeneration period of 48 h or 7 d, cerebral mRNA expression of Vegf-A, its receptors and co-receptors, and selected tight junction proteins were determined using qRT-PCR and ELISA. Vessel structures were assessed by Pecam-1 and occludin (Ocln) IHC. While Vegf-A expression increased significantly with rhGH treatment (p < 0.01), expression of the Vegfr and TEK receptor tyrosine kinase (Tie-2) system remained unchanged. RhEPO increased Vegf-A (p < 0.05) and Angpt-2 (p < 0.05) expression. While hypoxia reduced the mean vessel area in the parietal cortex compared to controls (p < 0.05), rhGH and rhEPO prevented this reduction after 48 h of regeneration. Hypoxia significantly reduced the Ocln+ fraction of cortical vascular endothelial cells. Ocln signal intensity increased in the cortex in response to rhGH (p < 0.05) and in the cortex and hippocampus in response to rhEPO (p < 0.05). Our data indicate that rhGH and rhEPO have protective effects on hypoxia-induced BBB disruption and regenerative vascular effects during the post-hypoxic period in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Klepper
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susan Jung
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lara Dittmann
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol I. Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicole Beier
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regina Trollmann
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr. 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-8533753; Fax: +49-9131-8533389
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Li P, Lu X, Hu J, Dai M, Yan J, Tan H, Yu P, Chen X, Zhang C. Human amniotic fluid derived-exosomes alleviate hypoxic encephalopathy by enhancing angiogenesis in neonatal mice after hypoxia. Neurosci Lett 2022; 768:136361. [PMID: 34826550 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic encephalopathy is a type of central nervous system dysfunction manifested by high mortality and morbidity. Exosomes play a crucial role in neuroprotection by enhancing angiogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of human amniotic fluid-derived exosomes (hAFEXOs) on functional recovery in neonatal hypoxic encephalopathy. The transwell assay, scratch wound healing assay, and tube formation assay were used to evaluate the effect of hAFEXOs on the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). The angiogenesis of microvascular endothelial cells (MECs) in the cortex was tested in neonatal mice treated with hAFEXOs or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) after hypoxia. Expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cerebral cortex were also tested by western blot. The Morris Water Maze Test (MWM) was carried out to detect the performance of spatial memory after processing with hAFEXOs or PBS. The results indicated that hAFEXOs favored tubing formation and migration of HUVECs after in vitro OGD. The hAFEXOs also favored the expression of CD31 in neonatal mice following hypoxia. The expressions of both HIF-1α and VEGF were significantly augmented in the cerebral cortex of neonatal mice which were treated with hAFEXOs. Moreover, the MWM test results showed that the performance of the spatial memory was better in the hAFEXO-treated group than in the PBS-treated group. Our study indicates that hAFEXOs alleviated hypoxic encephalopathy and enhanced angiogenesis in neonatal mice after hypoxia. In addition, hAFEXOs promoted migration and tube formation of HUVECs after OGD in vitro. These findings confirm that hAFEXOs show great potential for further studies aimed at developing therapeutic agents for hypoxic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Early Life Development and Disease Prevention, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiaoxu Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jiajia Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Minhui Dai
- Department of Clinical Dietitian, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jianqin Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Huiling Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Peilin Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xuliang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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Gong Q, Zeng J, Zhang X, Huang Y, Chen C, Quan J, Ling J. Effect of erythropoietin on angiogenic potential of dental pulp cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1079. [PMID: 34447472 PMCID: PMC8355638 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a 34-kDa glycoprotein that possesses the potential for angiogenesis, as well as anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. The present study aimed to examine the effect of EPO on the angiogenesis of dental pulp cells (DPCs) and to explore the underlying mechanisms of these effects. It was demonstrated that EPO not only promoted DPCs proliferation but also induced angiogenesis of DPCs in a paracrine fashion. EPO enhanced the angiogenic capacity by stimulating DPCs to secrete a series of angiogenic cytokines. ELISA confirmed that high concentrations of EPO increased the production of MMP-3 and angiopoietin-1 but decreased the secretion of IL-6. Furthermore, EPO activated the ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways in DPCs, while inhibition of these pathways diminished the angiogenesis capacity of DPCs. The present study suggested that EPO may have an important role in the repair and regeneration of dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimei Gong
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Junyu Zeng
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xufang Zhang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yihua Huang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Chanchan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Quan
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Junqi Ling
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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Zhu JJ, Yu BY, Fu CC, He MZ, Zhu JH, Chen BW, Zheng YH, Chen SQ, Fu XQ, Li PJ, Lin ZL. LXA4 protects against hypoxic-ischemic damage in neonatal rats by reducing the inflammatory response via the IκB/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107095. [PMID: 33096360 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia and the resultant decreases in cerebral blood flow in the perinatal period can lead to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury, which can, in turn, cause severe disability or even death. However, the efficacy of current treatment strategies remains limited. Several studies have demonstrated that lipoxin A4 (LXA4), as one of the earliest types of endogenous lipid mediators, can inhibit the accumulation of neutrophils, arrest inflammation, and promote the resolution of inflammation. However, research on LXA4 in the nervous system has rarely been carried out. In the present study, we sought to investigate the protective effect of LXA4 on HI brain damage in neonatal rats, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Through experiments conducted using an HI animal model, we found that the LXA4 intervention promoted the recovery of neuronal function and tissue structure following brain injury while maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in addition to reducing cerebral edema, infarct volume, and inflammatory responses. Our results suggest that LXA4 interfered with neuronal oxygen-glucose deprivation insults, reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, inhibited apoptosis, and promoted neuronal survival in vitro. Finally, the LXA4 intervention attenuated HI-induced activation of inhibitor kappa B (IκB) and degradation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In conclusion, our data suggest that LXA4 exerts a neuroprotective effect against neonatal HI brain damage through the IκB/NF-κB pathway. Our findings will help inform future studies regarding the effects of LXA4 on neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier integrity, and neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jin Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Bin-Yuan Yu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Chang-Chang Fu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Min-Zhi He
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jiang-Hu Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Bin-Wen Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yi-Hui Zheng
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shang-Qin Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Fu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Pei-Jun Li
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhen-Lang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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DISDIER C, STONESTREET BS. Hypoxic-ischemic-related cerebrovascular changes and potential therapeutic strategies in the neonatal brain. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1468-1484. [PMID: 32060970 PMCID: PMC7242133 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI)-related brain injury is an important cause of morbidity and long-standing disability in newborns. The only currently approved therapeutic strategy available to reduce brain injury in the newborn is hypothermia. Therapeutic hypothermia can only be used to treat HI encephalopathy in full-term infants and survivors remain at high risk for a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental abnormalities as a result of residual brain injury. Therefore, there is an urgent need for adjunctive therapeutic strategies. Inflammation and neurovascular damage are important factors that contribute to the pathophysiology of HI-related brain injury and represent exciting potential targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we address the role of each component of the neurovascular unit (NVU) in the pathophysiology of HI-related injury in the neonatal brain. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) observed in the early hours after an HI-related event is associated with a response at the basal lamina level, which comprises astrocytes, pericytes, and immune cells, all of which could affect BBB function to further exacerbate parenchymal injury. Future research is required to determine potential drugs that could prevent or attenuate neurovascular damage and/or augment repair. However, some studies have reported beneficial effects of hypothermia, erythropoietin, stem cell therapy, anti-cytokine therapy and metformin in ameliorating several different facets of damage to the NVU after HI-related brain injury in the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence DISDIER
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Barbara S STONESTREET
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
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11
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Neonatal anoxia impairs long‐term energy metabolism and somatic development of Wistar rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 79:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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12
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Tert-butylhydroquinone enhanced angiogenesis and astrocyte activation by activating nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 after focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Microvasc Res 2019; 126:103891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Erythropoietin protects neurons from apoptosis via activating PI3K/AKT and inhibiting Erk1/2 signaling pathway. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:131. [PMID: 30863710 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the neuroprotective effect and the underlying mechanism of erythropoietin (EPO) on the cortical neuronal cells insulted with oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Different concentrations of EPO were used to determine the anti-apoptosis effect of EPO. In addition, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 were added to explore the underlying mechanism of EPO. Cell apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. The protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, AKT, p-AKT, Erk1/2 and p-Erk1/2 wasmeasured by Western blot. Our results showed that EPO alleviates OGD-induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner; the neuroprotective effect of EPO was further confirmed by the fact that EPO treatment reversed the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3, as well as the Bcl-2/Bax ratio as compared with the OGD treatment. In the mechanism part, our results demonstrated that OGD and EPO nearly had no influence on the protein expression of AKT and Erk1/2 but altered the phosphorylation of them. Specifically, OGD decreased the expression of p-AKT and increased the expression of p-Erk1/2; while, EPO treatment reversed the expression of p-AKT and p-Erk1/2 as compared with OGD treatment. Interestingly, LY294002 decreased the expression of p-AKT and attenuated the neuroprotective effect of EPO; while, U0126 decreased the expression of p-Erk1/2 and enhanced the neuroprotective effect of EPO. Our study demonstrated that EPO protects neurons against apoptosis induced by OGD, which is closely related with activation of PI3K/AKT and inactivation of Erk1/2 signaling pathway.
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Ueno K, Takahashi T, Higashima M, Okazaki R, Takano S, Wada Y. Delayed posthypoxic leukoencephalopathy following alcohol and psychotropic drug overdose: a case report. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:1158-1165. [PMID: 29881586 PMCID: PMC5986050 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed posthypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL), a demyelinating syndrome, can easily be misdiagnosed as a psychiatric condition. Our case study shows that magnetic resonance imaging is highly useful for an early diagnosis of DPHL and that vascular endothelial growth factor might be a supplementary biomarker for the early detection of DPHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Ueno
- Department of NeuropsychiatryFaculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of FukuiFukuiJapan
| | | | - Masato Higashima
- Department of NeuropsychiatryFaculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of FukuiFukuiJapan
| | - Ryoko Okazaki
- Department of NeuropsychiatryFaculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of FukuiFukuiJapan
| | | | - Yuji Wada
- Department of NeuropsychiatryFaculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of FukuiFukuiJapan
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15
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Janowska J, Sypecka J. Therapeutic Strategies for Leukodystrophic Disorders Resulting from Perinatal Asphyxia: Focus on Myelinating Oligodendrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:4388-4402. [PMID: 28660484 PMCID: PMC5884907 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia results from the action of different risk factors like complications during pregnancy, preterm delivery, or long and difficult labor. Nowadays, it is still the leading cause of neonatal brain injury known as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and resulting neurological disorders. A temporal limitation of oxygen, glucose, and trophic factors supply results in alteration of neural cell differentiation and functioning and/or leads to their death. Among the affected cells are oligodendrocytes, responsible for myelinating the central nervous system (CNS) and formation of white matter. Therefore, one of the major consequences of the experienced HIE is leukodystrophic diseases resulting from oligodendrocyte deficiency or malfunctioning. The therapeutic strategies applied after perinatal asphyxia are aimed at reducing brain damage and promoting the endogenous neuroreparative mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the biology of oligodendrocytes and discuss present clinical treatments in the context of their efficiency in preserving white matter structure and preventing cognitive and behavioral deficits after perinatal asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Janowska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Sypecka
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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16
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Leviton A, Allred EN, Fichorova RN, O'Shea TM, Fordham LA, Kuban KKC, Dammann O. Circulating biomarkers in extremely preterm infants associated with ultrasound indicators of brain damage. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2018; 22:440-450. [PMID: 29429901 PMCID: PMC5899659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess to what extent the blood concentrations of proteins with neurotrophic and angiogenic properties measured during the first postnatal month convey information about the risk of sonographically-identified brain damage among very preterm newborns. METHODS Study participants were 1219 children who had a cranial ultrasound scan during their stay in the intensive care nursery and blood specimens collected on 2 separate days at least a week apart during the first postnatal month. Concentrations of selected proteins in blood spots were measured with electrochemiluminescence or with a multiplex immunobead assay and the risks of cranial ultrasound images associated with top-quartile concentrations were assessed. RESULTS High concentrations of multiple inflammation-related proteins during the first 2 postnatal weeks were associated with increased risk of ventriculomegaly, while high concentrations of just 3 inflammation-related proteins were associated with increased risk of an echolucent/hypoechoic lesion (IL-6, IL-8, ICAM-1), especially on day 7. Concomitant high concentrations of IL6R and bFGF appeared to modulate the increased risks of ventriculomegaly and an echolucent lesion associated with inflammation. More commonly high concentrations of putative protectors/repair-enhancers did not appear to diminish these increased risks. CONCLUSION Our findings provide support for the hypothesis that endogenous proteins are capable of either protecting the brain against damage and/or enhancing repair of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Leviton
- Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Raina N Fichorova
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Karl K C Kuban
- Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olaf Dammann
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Trollmann R, Mühlberger T, Richter M, Boie G, Feigenspan A, Brackmann F, Jung S. Differential regulation of angiogenesis in the developing mouse brain in response to exogenous activation of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor system. Brain Res 2018; 1688:91-102. [PMID: 29548688 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis due to hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury represents a crucial compensatory mechanism of the developing brain that is mainly regulated by hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF). Pharmacological stimulation of HIF is suggested as a neuroprotective option, however, studies of its effects on vascular development are limited. We analyzed the influence of the prolyl-4-hydroxylase inhibitor (PHI), FG-4497, and erythropoietin (rhEPO) on post-hypoxic angiogenesis (angiogenic growth factors, vessel structures) in the developing mouse brain (P7) assessed after a regeneration period of 72 h. Exposure to systemic hypoxia (8% O2, 6 h) was followed by treatment (i.p.) with rhEPO (2500/5000 IU/kg) at 0, 24 and 48 h or FG-4497 (60/100 mg/kg) compared to controls. In response to FG-4497 treatment cortical and hippocampal vessel area and branching were significantly increased compared to controls. This was associated with elevated ANGPT-2 as well as decreased ANGPT-1 and TIE-2 mRNA levels. In response to rhEPO, mildly increased angiogenesis was associated with elevated ANGPT-2 but also TIE-2 mRNA levels in comparison to controls. In conclusion, present data demonstrate a differential regulation of the angiopoietin/TIE-2 system in response to PHI and rhEPO in the post-hypoxic developing brain pointing to potential functional consequences for vascular regeneration and vessel development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Trollmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Theresa Mühlberger
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Mandy Richter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Gudrun Boie
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Feigenspan
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Florian Brackmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Susan Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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18
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Wang D, Song Y, Zhang J, Pang W, Wang X, Zhu Y, Li X. AMPK-KLF2 signaling pathway mediates the proangiogenic effect of erythropoietin in endothelial colony-forming cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C674-C685. [PMID: 28978525 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00257.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) were proved to take part in postnatal vasculogenesis and injury repair. The angiogenic properties of ECFCs could be influenced by various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a promising cytokine participating in angiogenesis. However, the mechanisms for EPO's proangiogenic effect still remain largely elusive. Here, we investigated the role of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) signaling pathway in the proangiogenic effect of EPO in ECFCs. Human ECFCs were isolated from cord blood and cultured. EPO significantly enhanced the migration and tube formation capacities of ECFCs and markedly increased the expression of endothelial markers and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Further, EPO caused the phosphorylation of AMPK and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, a process in which KLF2 was also upregulated on both mRNA and protein levels. The upregulation of KLF2 was blocked by inhibiting AMPK with Compound C or Ad-AMPK-DN, a recombinant adenovirus that encoded a dominant-negative mutant of AMPK. Furthermore, knockdown of KLF2 showed no effect on AMPK but abolished the EPO-enhanced migration and tube formation capacities of ECFCs. Of note, knockdown of KLF2 also diminished the EPO-induced expression of endothelial markers and VEGF; overexpression of KLF2 promoted the expression of endothelial markers and VEGF and enhanced the migration and tube formation capacities of ECFCs. These data suggest that upregulation of KLF2 by AMPK plays an essential role in EPO-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Yimeng Song
- Urology Department, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Jianshu Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Wei Pang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
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Ma XL, Li SY, Shang F. RETRACTED: Effect of microRNA-129-5p targeting HMGB1-RAGE signaling pathway on revascularization in a collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:238-244. [PMID: 28645008 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. An Expression of Concern for this article was previously published while an investigation was conducted (see related editorial: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113812). This retraction notice supersedes the Expression of Concern published earlier. Concern was raised about the reliability of the Western blot data in Figure 2A, which contain suspected image duplications within the β-actin blot, and appear to represent a distinct phenotype as found in many other publications, as detailed here: https://pubpeer.com/publications/83FD53A8F4C5B60E2187CBF9F29B01; and here: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1r0MyIYpagBc58BRF9c3luWNlCX8VUvUuPyYYXzxWvgY/edit#gid=262337249. Independent analysis confirmed these findings and also identified additional suspected image duplications within Figures 3 and 4A. The journal requested the corresponding author comment on these concerns and provide the associated raw data. The authors did not respond to this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Long Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Shu-Ya Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Feng Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, PR China.
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Effects of RNA interference-mediated gene silencing of VEGF on the ultrafiltration failure in a rat model of peritoneal dialysis. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170342. [PMID: 28733472 PMCID: PMC5577175 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of RNAi-mediated gene silencing of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on ultrafiltration failure (UFF) in rats with peritoneal dialysis (PD). Sprague–Dawley (SD) male rats were classified into normal, sham operation, and uremic model groups. Uremic rats were subcategorized into uremia, PD2, VEGF shRNA-2, vector-2, PD2 + Endostar, PD4, VEGF shRNA-4, Vector-4, and PD4 + Endostar groups. Peritoneal Equilibration Test (PET) was conducted to assess ultrafiltration volume (UFV) and mass transfer of glucose (MTG). mRNA and protein expressions of VEGF were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect microvessel density (MVD). Compared with the normal group, decreased UFV and increased MTG were observed in rest of the groups. Compared with the uremia group, UFV decreased, while MTG, expression of VEGFs, and number of new blood capillaries increased in the PD2, Vector-2, PD4, and Vector-4 groups. The PD4 and Vector-4 groups exhibited lower UFV and higher MTG than the PD2 group. In the VEGF shRNA-2, PD2 + Endostar, VEGF shRNA-4, and in PD4 + Endostar group increased UFV, reduced MTG and expression of VEGF, and decreased number of new blood capillaries were detected. Compared with the PD4 group, in the VEGF shRNA-4 and PD4 + Endostar groups, UFV increased, MTG and expression of VEGF decreased, and number of new blood capillaries reduced. VEGF expression was negatively correlated with UFV, but positively correlated with MTG. The results obtained in the study revealed that down-regulation of VEGF by RNAi could be a novel target approach for the treatment of UFF.
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Erythropoietin and Its Angiogenic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071519. [PMID: 28703764 PMCID: PMC5536009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is the main hematopoietic hormone acting on progenitor red blood cells via stimulation of cell growth, differentiation, and anti-apoptosis. However, its receptor (EPOR) is also expressed in various non-hematopoietic tissues, including endothelium. EPO is a pleiotropic growth factor that exhibits growth stimulation and cell/tissue protection on numerous cells and tissues. In this article we review the angiogenesis potential of EPO on endothelial cells in heart, brain, and leg ischemia, as well as its role in retinopathy protection and tumor promotion. Furthermore, the effect of EPO on bone marrow and adipose tissue is also discussed.
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22
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Jung S, Boie G, Doerr HG, Trollmann R. Oxygen-sensitive regulation and neuroprotective effects of growth hormone-dependent growth factors during early postnatal development. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R539-R548. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00477.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia severely disrupts metabolic and somatotrophic development, as well as cerebral maturational programs. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) represent the most important endogenous adaptive mechanisms to hypoxia, activating a broad spectrum of growth factors that contribute to cell survival and energy homeostasis. To analyze effects of systemic hypoxia and growth hormone (GH) therapy (rhGH) on HIF-dependent growth factors during early postnatal development, we compared protein (using ELISA) and mRNA (using quantitative RT PCR) levels of growth factors in plasma and brain between normoxic and hypoxic mice (8% O2, 6 h; postnatal day 7, P7) at P14. Exposure to hypoxia led to reduced body weight ( P < 0.001) and length ( P < 0.04) compared with controls and was associated with significantly reduced plasma levels of mouse GH ( P < 0.01) and IGF-1 ( P < 0.01). RhGH abrogated these hypoxia-induced changes of the GH/IGF-1 axis associated with normalization of weight and length gain until P14 compared with controls. In addition, rhGH treatment increased cerebral IGF-1, IGF-2, IGFBP-2, and erythropoietin mRNA levels, resulting in significantly reduced apoptotic cell death in the hypoxic, developing mouse brain. These data indicate that rhGH may functionally restore hypoxia-induced systemic dysregulation of the GH/IGF-1 axis and induce upregulation of neuroprotective, HIF-dependent growth factors in the hypoxic developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Jung
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Gudrun Boie
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Helmuth-Guenther Doerr
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regina Trollmann
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; and
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