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Bress KS, Cascio CJ. Sensorimotor regulation of facial expression - An untouched frontier. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105684. [PMID: 38710425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Facial expression is a critical form of nonverbal social communication which promotes emotional exchange and affiliation among humans. Facial expressions are generated via precise contraction of the facial muscles, guided by sensory feedback. While the neural pathways underlying facial motor control are well characterized in humans and primates, it remains unknown how tactile and proprioceptive information reaches these pathways to guide facial muscle contraction. Thus, despite the importance of facial expressions for social functioning, little is known about how they are generated as a unique sensorimotor behavior. In this review, we highlight current knowledge about sensory feedback from the face and how it is distinct from other body regions. We describe connectivity between the facial sensory and motor brain systems, and call attention to the other brain systems which influence facial expression behavior, including vision, gustation, emotion, and interoception. Finally, we petition for more research on the sensory basis of facial expressions, asserting that incomplete understanding of sensorimotor mechanisms is a barrier to addressing atypical facial expressivity in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly S Bress
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Carissa J Cascio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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2
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Uceda-Heras A, Aparicio-Rodríguez G, García-Cabezas MÁ. Hyperphosphorylated tau in Alzheimer's disease disseminates along pathways predicted by the Structural Model for Cortico-cortical Connections. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25623. [PMID: 38803103 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In Alzheimer´s disease (AD), hyperphosphorylated tau spreads along the cerebral cortex in a stereotypical pattern that parallels cognitive deterioration. Tau seems to spread transsynaptically along cortico-cotical pathways that, according to synaptic tract-tracing studies in nonhuman primates, have specific laminar patterns related to the cortical type of the connected areas. This relation is described in the Structural Model. In the present article, we study the laminar distribution of hyperphosphorylated tau, labeled with the antibody AT8, along temporal cortical types in postmortem human brains with different AD stages to test the predictions of the Structural Model. Brains from donors without dementia had scant AT8-immunorreactive (AT8-ir) neurons in allo-, meso-, and isocortical types. In early AD stages, the mesocortical dysgranular type, including part of the transentorhinal cortex, had the highest AT8 immunostaining and AT8-ir neurons density. In advanced AD stages, AT8 immunostaining increased along the isocortical types until reaching the auditory koniocortex. Regarding laminar patterns, in early AD stages there were more AT8-ir neurons in supragranular layers in each de novo involved neocortical type; in advanced AD stages, AT8-ir neurons were equally distributed in supra- and infragranular layers. These AT8-ir laminar patterns are compatible with the predictions of the Structural Model. In summary, we show that hyperphosphorylated tau initially accumulates in allo-, meso-, and isocortical types, offer a proof of concept for the validity of the Structural Model to predict synaptic pathway organization in the human cerebral cortex, and highlight the relevance of nonhuman primate tract-tracing studies to understand human neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Uceda-Heras
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience UAM-Cajal, Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Aparicio-Rodríguez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Master´s Program in Neuroscience, Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel García-Cabezas
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience UAM-Cajal, Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Master´s Program in Neuroscience, Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Holland CM, Alleyne K, Pierre-Louis A, Bansal R, Pollatou A, Barbato K, Cheng B, Hao X, Rosen TS, Peterson BS, Spann MN. Utilizing maternal prenatal cognition as a predictor of newborn brain measures of intellectual development. Child Neuropsychol 2024; 30:582-601. [PMID: 37489806 PMCID: PMC10808270 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2233155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Identifying reliable indicators of cognitive functioning prior to age five has been challenging. Prior studies have shown that maternal cognition, as indexed by intellectual quotient (IQ) and years of education, predict child intelligence at school age. We examined whether maternal full scale IQ, education, and inhibitory control (index of executive function) are associated with newborn brain measures and toddler language outcomes to assess potential indicators of early cognition. We hypothesized that maternal indices of cognition would be associated with brain areas implicated in intelligence in school-age children and adults in the newborn period. Thirty-seven pregnant women and their newborns underwent an MRI scan. T2-weighted images and surface-based morphometric analysis were used to compute local brain volumes in newborn infants. Maternal cognition indices were associated with local brain volumes for infants in the anterior and posterior cingulate, occipital lobe, and pre/postcentral gyrus - regions associated with IQ, executive function, or sensori-motor functions in children and adults. Maternal education and executive function, but not maternal intelligence, were associated with toddler language scores at 12 and 24 months. Newborn brain volumes did not predict language scores. Overall, the pre/postcentral gyrus and occipital lobe may be unique indicators of early intellectual development in the newborn period. Given that maternal executive function as measured by inhibitory control has robust associations with the newborn brain and is objective, brief, and easy to administer, it may be a useful predictor of early developmental and cognitive capacity for young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristin M. Holland
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Kiarra Alleyne
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Arline Pierre-Louis
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ravi Bansal
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Angeliki Pollatou
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Kristiana Barbato
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Bin Cheng
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Xuejun Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Tove S Rosen
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Bradley S. Peterson
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Marisa N. Spann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
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Bufacchi RJ, Battaglia-Mayer A, Iannetti GD, Caminiti R. Cortico-spinal modularity in the parieto-frontal system: A new perspective on action control. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 231:102537. [PMID: 37832714 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Classical neurophysiology suggests that the motor cortex (MI) has a unique role in action control. In contrast, this review presents evidence for multiple parieto-frontal spinal command modules that can bypass MI. Five observations support this modular perspective: (i) the statistics of cortical connectivity demonstrate functionally-related clusters of cortical areas, defining functional modules in the premotor, cingulate, and parietal cortices; (ii) different corticospinal pathways originate from the above areas, each with a distinct range of conduction velocities; (iii) the activation time of each module varies depending on task, and different modules can be activated simultaneously; (iv) a modular architecture with direct motor output is faster and less metabolically expensive than an architecture that relies on MI, given the slow connections between MI and other cortical areas; (v) lesions of the areas composing parieto-frontal modules have different effects from lesions of MI. Here we provide examples of six cortico-spinal modules and functions they subserve: module 1) arm reaching, tool use and object construction; module 2) spatial navigation and locomotion; module 3) grasping and observation of hand and mouth actions; module 4) action initiation, motor sequences, time encoding; module 5) conditional motor association and learning, action plan switching and action inhibition; module 6) planning defensive actions. These modules can serve as a library of tools to be recombined when faced with novel tasks, and MI might serve as a recombinatory hub. In conclusion, the availability of locally-stored information and multiple outflow paths supports the physiological plausibility of the proposed modular perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Bufacchi
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy; International Center for Primate Brain Research (ICPBR), Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - A Battaglia-Mayer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome, Sapienza, Italy
| | - G D Iannetti
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - R Caminiti
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy.
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Bonfim V, Mayer A, Nascimento-Silva ML, Lima B, Soares JGM, Gattass R. Architecture of the inferior parietal cortex in capuchin monkey. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:1909-1925. [PMID: 36592397 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We studied the organization of the inferior parietal cortex (IPC) in five capuchin monkey (6 hemispheres) using cytoarchitectonic (Nissl), myeloarchitectonic (Gallyas), and immune-architectonic (SMI-32 monoclonal antibody) techniques. We partitioned the IPC into five distinct areas: PFG, PG, Opt, PFop, and PGop. Since we used parasagittal sections, we were not able to study area PF due to its far lateral position, which yielded slices that were tangential to the pial surface. Areas PFG, PG, and Opt were in the convexity close to the lateral sulcus, while PFop and PGop were positioned more posteriorly, in the opercular region of IPC. Of all the five regions, area Opt was the one most similar to its analogue in the macaque, especially as revealed with SMI-32 staining. Namely, in both primate species area Opt showed a low density of large pyramidal neurons. Additionally, the apical dendrites of these neurons were sparse and vertically orientated, resembling columns. We also found area PG to be similar: both species exhibited cell body layers with a radial arrangement. On the other hand, Nissl staining revealed area PFG to be architectonically different between New and Old-World monkeys: PFG in the capuchin showed a comparatively higher cell density than in macaques, especially in layers II and IV. These results suggest that evolution may have enabled the functional specialization of these brain regions based on behavioral demands of upper limb use. The small differences in the IPC of the two primates may be linked to interspecies variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânio Bonfim
- Laboratory of Cognitive Physiology, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurobiology II, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrei Mayer
- Laboratory of Neurobiology II, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Mayer Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Márcio L Nascimento-Silva
- Laboratory of Cognitive Physiology, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurobiology II, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruss Lima
- Laboratory of Cognitive Physiology, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana G M Soares
- Laboratory of Cognitive Physiology, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Gattass
- Laboratory of Cognitive Physiology, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Morecraft RJ, Ge J, Stilwell-Morecraft KS, Lemon RN, Ganguly K, Darling WG. Terminal organization of the corticospinal projection from the arm/hand region of the rostral primary motor cortex (M1r or old M1) to the cervical enlargement (C5-T1) in rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:1996-2018. [PMID: 37938897 PMCID: PMC10842044 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution anterograde tracers and stereology were used to study the terminal organization of the corticospinal projection (CSP) from the rostral portion of the primary motor cortex (M1r) to spinal levels C5-T1. Most of this projection (90%) terminated contralaterally within laminae V-IX, with the densest distribution in lamina VII. Moderate bouton numbers occurred in laminae VI, VIII, and IX with few in lamina V. Within lamina VII, labeling occurred over the distal-related dorsolateral subsectors and proximal-related ventromedial subsectors. Within motoneuron lamina IX, most terminations occurred in the proximal-related dorsomedial quadrant, followed by the distal-related dorsolateral quadrant. Segmentally, the contralateral lamina VII CSP gradually declined from C5-T1 but was consistently distributed at C5-C7 in lamina IX. The ipsilateral CSP ended in axial-related lamina VIII and adjacent ventromedial region of lamina VII. These findings demonstrate the M1r CSP influences distal and proximal/axial-related spinal targets. Thus, the M1r CSP represents a transitional CSP, positioned between the caudal M1 (M1c) CSP, which is 98% contralateral and optimally organized to mediate distal upper extremity movements (Morecraft et al., 2013), and dorsolateral premotor (LPMCd) CSP being 79% contralateral and optimally organized to mediate proximal/axial movements (Morecraft et al., 2019). This distal to proximal CSP gradient corresponds to the clinical deficits accompanying caudal to rostral motor cortex injury. The lamina IX CSP is considered in the light of anatomical and neurophysiological evidence which suggests M1c gives rise to the major proportion of the cortico-motoneuronal (CM) projection, while there is a limited M1r CM projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Morecraft
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurological Sciences, The University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Jizhi Ge
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurological Sciences, The University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Kimberly S. Stilwell-Morecraft
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurological Sciences, The University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Roger N. Lemon
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karunesh Ganguly
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Neurology Service, SFVAHSC, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Warren G. Darling
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, Motor Control Laboratories, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Rauschecker JP, Afsahi RK. Anatomy of the auditory cortex then and now. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:1883-1892. [PMID: 38010215 PMCID: PMC10872810 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Using neuroanatomical investigations in the macaque, Deepak Pandya and his colleagues have established the framework for auditory cortex organization, with subdivisions into core and belt areas. This has aided subsequent neurophysiological and imaging studies in monkeys and humans, and a nomenclature building on Pandya's work has also been adopted by the Human Connectome Project. The foundational work by Pandya and his colleagues is highlighted here in the context of subsequent and ongoing studies on the functional anatomy and physiology of auditory cortex in primates, including humans, and their relevance for understanding cognitive aspects of speech and language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef P Rauschecker
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Rosstin K Afsahi
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Rapan L, Froudist-Walsh S, Niu M, Xu T, Zhao L, Funck T, Wang XJ, Amunts K, Palomero-Gallagher N. Cytoarchitectonic, receptor distribution and functional connectivity analyses of the macaque frontal lobe. eLife 2023; 12:e82850. [PMID: 37578332 PMCID: PMC10425179 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on quantitative cyto- and receptor architectonic analyses, we identified 35 prefrontal areas, including novel subdivisions of Walker's areas 10, 9, 8B, and 46. Statistical analysis of receptor densities revealed regional differences in lateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Indeed, structural and functional organization of subdivisions encompassing areas 46 and 12 demonstrated significant differences in the interareal levels of α2 receptors. Furthermore, multivariate analysis included receptor fingerprints of previously identified 16 motor areas in the same macaque brains and revealed 5 clusters encompassing frontal lobe areas. We used the MRI datasets from the non-human primate data sharing consortium PRIME-DE to perform functional connectivity analyses using the resulting frontal maps as seed regions. In general, rostrally located frontal areas were characterized by bigger fingerprints, that is, higher receptor densities, and stronger regional interconnections. Whereas more caudal areas had smaller fingerprints, but showed a widespread connectivity pattern with distant cortical regions. Taken together, this study provides a comprehensive insight into the molecular structure underlying the functional organization of the cortex and, thus, reconcile the discrepancies between the structural and functional hierarchical organization of the primate frontal lobe. Finally, our data are publicly available via the EBRAINS and BALSA repositories for the entire scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Rapan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
| | - Sean Froudist-Walsh
- Center for Neural Science, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Bristol Computational Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Engineering, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Meiqi Niu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
| | - Ting Xu
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind InstituteNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ling Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
| | - Thomas Funck
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Center for Neural Science, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
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9
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Giacometti C, Amiez C, Hadj-Bouziane F. Multiple routes of communication within the amygdala-mPFC network: A comparative approach in humans and macaques. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 5:100103. [PMID: 37601951 PMCID: PMC10432920 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The network formed by the amygdala (AMG) and the medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC), at the interface between our internal and external environment, has been shown to support some important aspects of behavioral adaptation. Whether and how the anatomo-functional organization of this network evolved across primates remains unclear. Here, we compared AMG nuclei morphological characteristics and their functional connectivity with the mPFC in humans and macaques to identify potential homologies and differences between these species. Based on selected studies, we highlight two subsystems within the AMG-mPFC circuits, likely involved in distinct temporal dynamics of integration during behavioral adaptation. We also show that whereas the mPFC displays a large expansion but a preserved intrinsic anatomo-functional organization, the AMG displays a volume reduction and morphological changes related to specific nuclei. We discuss potential commonalities and differences in the dialogue between AMG nuclei and mPFC in humans and macaques based on available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Giacometti
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500, Bron, France
| | - C. Amiez
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500, Bron, France
| | - F. Hadj-Bouziane
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Zhang J, Chen D, Srirangarajan T, Theriault J, Kragel PA, Hartley L, Lee KM, McVeigh K, Wager TD, Wald LL, Satpute AB, Quigley KS, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Barrett LF, Bianciardi M. Cortical and subcortical mapping of the allostatic-interoceptive system in the human brain: replication and extension with 7 Tesla fMRI. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.20.548178. [PMID: 37546889 PMCID: PMC10401932 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.20.548178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The brain continuously anticipates the energetic needs of the body and prepares to meet those needs before they arise, a process called allostasis. In support of allostasis, the brain continually models the internal state of the body, a process called interoception. Using published tract-tracing studies in non-human animals as a guide, we previously identified a large-scale system supporting allostasis and interoception in the human brain with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 Tesla. In the present study, we replicated and extended this system in humans using 7 Tesla fMRI (N = 91), improving the precision of subgenual and pregenual anterior cingulate topography as well as brainstem nuclei mapping. We verified over 90% of the anatomical connections in the hypothesized allostatic-interoceptive system observed in non-human animal research. We also identified functional connectivity hubs verified in tract-tracing studies but not previously detected using 3 Tesla fMRI. Finally, we demonstrated that individuals with stronger fMRI connectivity between system hubs self-reported greater interoceptive awareness, building on construct validity evidence from our earlier paper. Taken together, these results strengthen evidence for the existence of a whole-brain system supporting interoception in the service of allostasis and we consider the implications for mental and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Danlei Chen
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Jordan Theriault
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
| | | | - Ludger Hartley
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kent M. Lee
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kieran McVeigh
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Tor D. Wager
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Lawrence L. Wald
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
| | - Ajay B. Satpute
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Karen S. Quigley
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
| | - Marta Bianciardi
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA
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11
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Motzkin JC, Kanungo I, D’Esposito M, Shirvalkar P. Network targets for therapeutic brain stimulation: towards personalized therapy for pain. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1156108. [PMID: 37363755 PMCID: PMC10286871 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1156108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision neuromodulation of central brain circuits is a promising emerging therapeutic modality for a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. Reliably identifying in whom, where, and in what context to provide brain stimulation for optimal pain relief are fundamental challenges limiting the widespread implementation of central neuromodulation treatments for chronic pain. Current approaches to brain stimulation target empirically derived regions of interest to the disorder or targets with strong connections to these regions. However, complex, multidimensional experiences like chronic pain are more closely linked to patterns of coordinated activity across distributed large-scale functional networks. Recent advances in precision network neuroscience indicate that these networks are highly variable in their neuroanatomical organization across individuals. Here we review accumulating evidence that variable central representations of pain will likely pose a major barrier to implementation of population-derived analgesic brain stimulation targets. We propose network-level estimates as a more valid, robust, and reliable way to stratify personalized candidate regions. Finally, we review key background, methods, and implications for developing network topology-informed brain stimulation targets for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C. Motzkin
- Departments of Neurology and Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (Pain Management), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ishan Kanungo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mark D’Esposito
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Prasad Shirvalkar
- Departments of Neurology and Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (Pain Management), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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12
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Dettweiler U, Gerchen M, Mall C, Simon P, Kirsch P. Choice matters: Pupils' stress regulation, brain development and brain function in an outdoor education project. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 93 Suppl 1:152-173. [PMID: 35872620 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Education outside the classroom (EOtC) is considered beneficial to children's physical and mental health. Especially, stress resilience has been linked to nature experience. AIMS This study experimentally explored the effects of pupils' autonomy support (AUT) and physical activity (PA) on their biological stress responses and brain development in EOtC. SAMPLE The study comprised 48 fifth and sixth graders. METHODS The intervention consisted of one day/week taught in a forest over one school year. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted at the beginning and the end of the school year, functional MRI under a stress condition at the end. Regions of interest were amygdala, hippocampus and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). All other measures were obtained at the beginning, at mid-term and at the end of the school year. PA was measured using accelerometry. Cortisol levels were obtained three times during the examined school days. AUT was measured with a paper-based survey. Data were analysed using Bayesian multivariate models. RESULTS EOtC students exhibit more efficient regulation of biological stress-reactivity and show a reduction of cortisol over the day associated with light PA in the forest. Cortisol is further associated with amygdala activation in the stress condition. Cerebral structural change is best explained by age; however, AUT has a positive direct effect on the maturation of the ACC, which is stronger in EOtC. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the idea that autonomy supportive teaching fosters cerebral maturation and that EOtC can have a positive effect on biological stress regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Dettweiler
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, Faculty of Arts and Education, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Martin Gerchen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Mall
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Perikles Simon
- Faculty of Social Science, Media and Sport, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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13
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Yan S, Zhang Y, Yin X, Chen J, Zhu Z, Jin H, Li H, Yin J, Jiang Y. Alterations in white matter integrity and network topological properties are associated with a decrease in global motion perception in older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1045263. [PMID: 36967826 PMCID: PMC10034108 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1045263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have mainly explored the effects of structural and functional aging of cortical regions on global motion sensitivity in older adults, but none have explored the structural white matter (WM) substrates underlying the age-related decrease in global motion perception (GMP). In this study, random dot kinematogram and diffusion tensor imaging were used to investigate the effects of age-related reductions in WM fiber integrity and connectivity across various regions on GMP. We recruited 106 younger adults and 94 older adults and utilized both tract-based spatial statistics analysis and graph theoretical analysis to comprehensively investigate group differences in WM microstructural and network connections between older and younger adults at the microscopic and macroscopic levels. Moreover, partial correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between alterations in WM and the age-related decrease in GMP. The results showed that decreased GMP in older adults was related to decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) of the inferior frontal-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and cingulum cingulate gyrus. Decreased global efficiency of the WM structural network and increased characteristic path length were closely associated with decreased global motion sensitivity. These results suggest that the reduced GMP in older adults may stem from reduced WM integrity in specific regions of WM fiber tracts as well as decreased efficiency of information integration and communication between distant cortical regions, supporting the “disconnection hypothesis” of cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Yan
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Medicine School of Rehabilitation, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yin
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juntao Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Jin,
| | - Han Li
- The First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianzhong Yin
- Department of Radiology, People’s Hospital of Haikou, Haikou, China
| | - Yunpeng Jiang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
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14
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Wang L, Gan C, Sun H, Ji M, Zhang H, Cao X, Wang M, Yuan Y, Zhang K. Impaired structural and reserved functional topological organizations of brain networks in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:66-79. [PMID: 36620158 PMCID: PMC9816763 DOI: 10.21037/qims-22-351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common disabling motor disturbance in Parkinson's disease (PD). Our study aimed to probe the topological organizations of structural and functional brain networks and their coupling in FOG. Methods In this cross-sectional retrospective study, a total of 30 PD patients with FOG (PD-FOG), 40 patients without FOG, and 25 healthy controls (HCs) underwent clinical assessments and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning. Large-scale structural and functional brain networks were constructed. Subsequently, global and nodal graph theoretical properties and functional-structural coupling were investigated. Finally, correlations between the altered brain topological properties and freezing severity were analyzed in PD-FOG. Results For structural networks, at the global level, PD-FOG exhibited increased normalized characteristic path length (P=0.040, Bonferroni-corrected) and decreased global efficiency (P=0.005, Bonferroni-corrected) compared with controls, and showed reduced global (P=0.001, Bonferroni-corrected) and local (P=0.032, Bonferroni-corrected) efficiency relative to patients without FOG. At the nodal level, nodal efficiency of structural networks was reduced in PD-FOG compared with PD patients without FOG, located in the left supplementary motor area (SMA), gyrus rectus, and middle cingulate cortex (MCC) (all P<0.05, Bonferroni-corrected). Notably, altered global and nodal properties of structural networks were significantly correlated with Freezing of Gait Questionnaire scores [all P<0.05, false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected]. However, only an increase in local efficiency (P=0.003, Bonferroni-corrected) of functional networks was identified in PD-FOG compared with those without FOG. No significant structural-functional coupling was detected among the 3 groups. Conclusions This study demonstrates the extensively impaired structural and relatively reserved functional network topological organizations in PD-FOG. Our results also provide evidence that the pathogenesis of PD-FOG is primarily attributable to network vulnerability established by crucial structural damage, especially in the left SMA, gyrus rectus, and MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiting Gan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Ji
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyue Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongsheng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Haber SN, Lehman J, Maffei C, Yendiki A. The rostral zona incerta: a subcortical integrative hub and potential DBS target for OCD. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:1010-1022. [PMID: 37055285 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The zona incerta (ZI) is involved in mediating survival behaviors and is connected to a wide range of cortical and subcortical structures, including key basal ganglia nuclei. Based on these connections and their links to behavioral modulation, we propose that the ZI is a connectional hub for mediating between top-down and bottom-up control and a possible target for deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder. METHODS We analyzed the trajectory of cortical fibers to the ZI in nonhuman and human primates based on tracer injections in monkeys and high-resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in humans. The organization of cortical and subcortical connections within the ZI were identified in the nonhuman primate studies. RESULTS Monkey anatomical data and human diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data showed a similar trajectory of fibers/streamlines to the ZI. Prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex terminals all converged within the rostral ZI, with dorsal and lateral areas being most prominent. Motor areas terminated caudally. Dense subcortical reciprocal connections included the thalamus, medial hypothalamus, substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area, reticular formation, and pedunculopontine nucleus and a dense nonreciprocal projection to the lateral habenula. Additional connections included the amygdala, dorsal raphe nucleus, and periaqueductal gray. CONCLUSIONS Dense connections with dorsal and lateral prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex cognitive control areas and the lateral habenula and the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area, coupled with inputs from the amygdala, hypothalamus, and brainstem, suggest that the rostral ZI is a subcortical hub positioned to modulate between top-down and bottom-up control. A deep brain stimulation electrode placed in the rostral ZI would not only involve connections common to other deep brain stimulation sites but also capture several critically distinctive connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne N Haber
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts.
| | - Julia Lehman
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Chiara Maffei
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anastasia Yendiki
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Medalla M, Chang W, Ibañez S, Guillamon-Vivancos T, Nittmann M, Kapitonava A, Busch SE, Moore TL, Rosene DL, Luebke JI. Layer-specific pyramidal neuron properties underlie diverse anterior cingulate cortical motor and limbic networks. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:2170-2196. [PMID: 34613380 PMCID: PMC9113240 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The laminar cellular and circuit mechanisms by which the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) exerts flexible control of motor and affective information for goal-directed behavior have not been elucidated. Using multimodal tract-tracing, in vitro patch-clamp recording and computational approaches in rhesus monkeys (M. mulatta), we provide evidence that specialized motor and affective network dynamics can be conferred by layer-specific biophysical and structural properties of ACC pyramidal neurons targeting two key downstream structures -the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) and the amygdala (AMY). AMY-targeting neurons exhibited significant laminar differences, with L5 more excitable (higher input resistance and action potential firing rates) than L3 neurons. Between-pathway differences were found within L5, with AMY-targeting neurons exhibiting greater excitability, apical dendritic complexity, spine densities, and diversity of inhibitory inputs than PMd-targeting neurons. Simulations using a pyramidal-interneuron network model predict that these layer- and pathway-specific single-cell differences contribute to distinct network oscillatory dynamics. L5 AMY-targeting networks are more tuned to slow oscillations well-suited for affective and contextual processing timescales, while PMd-targeting networks showed strong beta/gamma synchrony implicated in rapid sensorimotor processing. These findings are fundamental to our broad understanding of how layer-specific cellular and circuit properties can drive diverse laminar activity found in flexible behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Medalla
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Wayne Chang
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sara Ibañez
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Teresa Guillamon-Vivancos
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Mathias Nittmann
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Anastasia Kapitonava
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Silas E Busch
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Tara L Moore
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Douglas L Rosene
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jennifer I Luebke
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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17
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Trambaiolli LR, Peng X, Lehman JF, Linn G, Russ BE, Schroeder CE, Liu H, Haber SN. Anatomical and functional connectivity support the existence of a salience network node within the caudal ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. eLife 2022; 11:e76334. [PMID: 35510840 PMCID: PMC9106333 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three large-scale networks are considered essential to cognitive flexibility: the ventral and dorsal attention (VANet and DANet) and salience (SNet) networks. The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) is a known component of the VANet and DANet, but there is a gap in the current knowledge regarding its involvement in the SNet. Herein, we used a translational and multimodal approach to demonstrate the existence of a SNet node within the vlPFC. First, we used tract-tracing methods in non-human primates (NHP) to quantify the anatomical connectivity strength between different vlPFC areas and the frontal and insular cortices. The strongest connections were with the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and anterior insula (AI) - the main cortical SNet nodes. These inputs converged in the caudal area 47/12, an area that has strong projections to subcortical structures associated with the SNet. Second, we used resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) in NHP data to validate this SNet node. Third, we used rsfMRI in the human to identify a homologous caudal 47/12 region that also showed strong connections with the SNet cortical nodes. Taken together, these data confirm a SNet node in the vlPFC, demonstrating that the vlPFC contains nodes for all three cognitive networks: VANet, DANet, and SNet. Thus, the vlPFC is in a position to switch between these three networks, pointing to its key role as an attentional hub. Its additional connections to the orbitofrontal, dorsolateral, and premotor cortices, place the vlPFC at the center for switching behaviors based on environmental stimuli, computing value, and cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R Trambaiolli
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBelmontUnited States
- University of Rochester School of Medicine & DentistryRochesterUnited States
| | - Xiaolong Peng
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonUnited States
| | - Julia F Lehman
- University of Rochester School of Medicine & DentistryRochesterUnited States
| | - Gary Linn
- Translational Neuropscienc lab Division, Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgUnited States
| | - Brian E Russ
- Translational Neuropscienc lab Division, Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgUnited States
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University at LangoneNew YorkUnited States
| | - Charles E Schroeder
- Translational Neuropscienc lab Division, Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonUnited States
| | - Suzanne N Haber
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBelmontUnited States
- University of Rochester School of Medicine & DentistryRochesterUnited States
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18
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Morecraft RJ, Stilwell-Morecraft KS, Ge J, Kraskov A, Lemon RN. Lack of somatotopy among corticospinal tract fibers passing through the primate craniovertebral junction and cervical spinal cord: pathoanatomical substrate of central cord syndrome and cruciate paralysis. J Neurosurg 2022; 136:1395-1409. [PMID: 34624846 PMCID: PMC10193491 DOI: 10.3171/2021.4.jns202464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In some cases of incomplete cervical spinal cord injury (iSCI) there is marked paresis and dysfunction of upper-extremity movement but not lower-extremity movement. A continued explanation of such symptoms is a somatotopic organization of corticospinal tract (CST) fibers passing through the decussation at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) and lateral CST (LCST). In central cord syndrome, it has been suggested that injury to the core of the cervical cord may include selective damage to medially located arm/hand LCST fibers, without compromising laterally located leg fibers. Because such somatotopic organization in the primate CST might contribute to the disproportionate motor deficits after some forms of iSCI, the authors made a systematic investigation of CST organization in the CVJ and LCST using modern neuroanatomical techniques. METHODS High-resolution anterograde tracers were used in 11 rhesus macaque monkeys to define the course of the corticospinal projection (CSP) through the CVJ and LCST from the arm/hand, shoulder, and leg areas of the primary motor cortex (M1). This approach labels CST fibers of all sizes, large and small, arising in these areas. The CSP from the dorsolateral and ventrolateral premotor cortex and supplementary motor area were also studied. A stereological approach was adapted to quantify labeled fiber distribution in 8 cases. RESULTS There was no evidence for somatotopic organization of CST fibers passing through the CVJ or contralateral LCST. Fiber labeling from each cortical representation was widespread throughout the CST at the CVJ and LCST and overlapped extensively with fibers from other representations. This study demonstrated no significant difference between medial versus lateral subsectors of the LCST in terms of number of fibers labeled from the M1 arm/hand area. CONCLUSIONS This investigation firmly rejects the concept of somatotopy among CST fibers passing through the CVJ and LCST, in contrast with the somatotopy in the cortex, corona radiata, and internal capsule. All CST fibers in the CVJ and LCST would thus appear to be equally susceptible to focal or diffuse injury, regardless of their cortical origin. The disproportionate impairment of arm/hand movement after iSCI must therefore be due to other factors, including greater dependence of hand/arm movements on the CST compared with the lower limb. The dispersed and intermingled nature of frontomotor fibers may be important in motor recovery after cervical iSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Morecraft
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurological Sciences, The University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Kimberly S. Stilwell-Morecraft
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurological Sciences, The University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Jizhi Ge
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurological Sciences, The University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Alexander Kraskov
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Roger N. Lemon
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
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Thomas PJ, Leow A, Klumpp H, Phan KL, Ajilore O. Network Diffusion Embedding Reveals Transdiagnostic Subnetwork Disruption and Potential Treatment Targets in Internalizing Psychopathologies. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:1823-1839. [PMID: 34521109 PMCID: PMC9070362 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Network diffusion models are a common and powerful way to study the propagation of information through a complex system and they offer straightforward approaches for studying multimodal brain network data. We developed an analytic framework to identify brain subnetworks with perturbed information diffusion capacity using the structural basis that best maps to resting state functional connectivity and applied it towards a heterogeneous dataset of internalizing psychopathologies (IPs), a set of psychiatric conditions in which similar brain network deficits are found across the swath of the disorders, but a unifying neuropathological substrate for transdiagnostic symptom expression is currently unknown. This research provides preliminary evidence of a transdiagnostic brain subnetwork deficit characterized by information diffusion impairment of the right area 8BM, a key brain region involved in organizing a broad spectrum of cognitive tasks, which may underlie previously reported dysfunction of multiple brain circuits in the IPs. We also demonstrate that models of neuromodulation involving targeting this brain region normalize IP diffusion dynamics towards those of healthy controls. These analyses provide a framework for multimodal methods that identify both brain subnetworks with disrupted information diffusion and potential targets of these subnetworks for therapeutic neuromodulatory intervention based on previously well-characterized methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Alex Leow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Heide Klumpp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Olusola Ajilore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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20
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Pelliccia V, Avanzini P, Rizzi M, Caruana F, Tassi L, Francione S, Gozzo F, Mariani V, d'Orio P, Castana L, Mai R, Terzaghi M, Nobili L, Sartori I. Association Between Semiology and Anatomo-Functional Localization in Patients With Cingulate Epilepsy: A Cohort Study. Neurology 2022; 98:e2211-e2223. [PMID: 35190463 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cingulate epilepsy (CE) is a rare and challenging type of focal epilepsy, due to the polymorphic semiology of the seizures, mimicking other types of epilepsy, and the limited utility of scalp-EEG. METHODS We selected consecutive drug-resistant subjects with CE who were seizure-free after surgery, with seizure onset zone (SOZ) confirmed in the CC (cingulate cortex) by histology and/or SEEG. We analysed subjective and objective ictal manifestations using video recordings and correlated semeiology with anatomical CC subregions (anterior, anterior middle, posterior middle and posterior) localization of SOZ. RESULTS We analysed 122 seizures in 57 patients. Seizures were globally characterized by complex behaviors, typically natural seeming and often accompanied by emotional components.All objective ictal variables considered (pronation of the body or getting up from a lying/sitting position, tonic/dystonic posturing, hand movements, asymmetry, vocalizations, fluidity and repetitiveness of motor manifestations, awareness and emotional and autonomic components) were differently distributed among CC subregions (p<.05) Along the rostro-caudal axis fluidity and repetitiveness of movement, vocalizations, body pronation and emotional components decrease anterior-posteriorly, while tonic/dystonic postures, signs of lateralization and awareness increase.Vestibular and asymmetric somatosensory, somatosensory and epigastric and enteroceptive/autonomic symptoms were distributed differently among CC subregions (p<.05). Along the rostro-caudal axis vestibular, somatosensory and somatosensory asymmetric symptoms increase anterior-posterior. DISCUSSION CE is characterized by a spectrum of semeiological manifestations with a topographic distribution. CE semiology could indicate which cingulate sector is mainly involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Pelliccia
- "Claudio Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michele Rizzi
- "Claudio Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Tassi
- "Claudio Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Francione
- "Claudio Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Gozzo
- "Claudio Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Piergiorgio d'Orio
- "Claudio Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Castana
- "Claudio Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Mai
- "Claudio Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Terzaghi
- Sleep Medicine and Epilepsy, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lino Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ivana Sartori
- "Claudio Munari" Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
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21
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Wang H, Zhu WF, Xia LX. Brain structural correlates of aggression types from the perspective of disinhibition–control: A voxel-based morphometric study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02712-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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22
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Hütt MT, Armbruster D, Lesne A. Predictable topological sensitivity of Turing patterns on graphs. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:014304. [PMID: 35193278 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.014304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reaction-diffusion systems implemented as dynamical processes on networks have recently renewed the interest in their self-organized collective patterns known as Turing patterns. We investigate the influence of network topology on the emerging patterns and their diversity, defined as the variety of stationary states observed with random initial conditions and the same dynamics. We show that a seemingly minor change, the removal or rewiring of a single link, can prompt dramatic changes in pattern diversity. The determinants of such critical occurrences are explored through an extensive and systematic set of numerical experiments. We identify situations where the topological sensitivity of the attractor landscape can be predicted without a full simulation of the dynamical equations, from the spectrum of the graph Laplacian and the linearized dynamics. Unexpectedly, the main determinant appears to be the degeneracy of the eigenvalues or the growth rate and not the number of unstable modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Thorsten Hütt
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Dieter Armbruster
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, USA
| | - Annick Lesne
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, LPTMC, F-75252, Paris, France and Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, F-34293, Montpellier, France
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23
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Zamani A, Carhart-Harris R, Christoff K. Prefrontal contributions to the stability and variability of thought and conscious experience. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:329-348. [PMID: 34545195 PMCID: PMC8616944 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human prefrontal cortex is a structurally and functionally heterogenous brain region, including multiple subregions that have been linked to different large-scale brain networks. It contributes to a broad range of mental phenomena, from goal-directed thought and executive functions to mind-wandering and psychedelic experience. Here we review what is known about the functions of different prefrontal subregions and their affiliations with large-scale brain networks to examine how they may differentially contribute to the diversity of mental phenomena associated with prefrontal function. An important dimension that distinguishes across different kinds of conscious experience is the stability or variability of mental states across time. This dimension is a central feature of two recently introduced theoretical frameworks-the dynamic framework of thought (DFT) and the relaxed beliefs under psychedelics (REBUS) model-that treat neurocognitive dynamics as central to understanding and distinguishing between different mental phenomena. Here, we bring these two frameworks together to provide a synthesis of how prefrontal subregions may differentially contribute to the stability and variability of thought and conscious experience. We close by considering future directions for this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Zamani
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Robin Carhart-Harris
- Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kalina Christoff
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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24
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Haber SN, Liu H, Seidlitz J, Bullmore E. Prefrontal connectomics: from anatomy to human imaging. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:20-40. [PMID: 34584210 PMCID: PMC8617085 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental importance of prefrontal cortical connectivity to information processing and, therefore, disorders of cognition, emotion, and behavior has been recognized for decades. Anatomic tracing studies in animals have formed the basis for delineating the direct monosynaptic connectivity, from cells of origin, through axon trajectories, to synaptic terminals. Advances in neuroimaging combined with network science have taken the lead in developing complex wiring diagrams or connectomes of the human brain. A key question is how well these magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived networks and hubs reflect the anatomic "hard wiring" first proposed to underlie the distribution of information for large-scale network interactions. In this review, we address this challenge by focusing on what is known about monosynaptic prefrontal cortical connections in non-human primates and how this compares to MRI-derived measurements of network organization in humans. First, we outline the anatomic cortical connections and pathways for each prefrontal cortex (PFC) region. We then review the available MRI-based techniques for indirectly measuring structural and functional connectivity, and introduce graph theoretical methods for analysis of hubs, modules, and topologically integrative features of the connectome. Finally, we bring these two approaches together, using specific examples, to demonstrate how monosynaptic connections, demonstrated by tract-tracing studies, can directly inform understanding of the composition of PFC nodes and hubs, and the edges or pathways that connect PFC to cortical and subcortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne N. Haber
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Hesheng Liu
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ed Bullmore
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ UK
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25
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Giacometti C, Dureux A, Autran-Clavagnier D, Wilson CRE, Sallet J, Dirheimer M, Procyk E, Hadj-Bouziane F, Amiez C. Frontal Cortical Functional Connectivity Is Impacted by Anaesthesia in Macaques. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:4050-4067. [PMID: 34974618 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A critical aspect of neuroscience is to establish whether and how brain networks evolved across primates. To date, most comparative studies have used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in anaesthetized nonhuman primates and in awake humans. However, anaesthesia strongly affects rs-fMRI signals. The present study investigated the impact of the awareness state (anaesthesia vs. awake) within the same group of macaque monkeys on the rs-fMRI functional connectivity organization of a well-characterized network in the human brain, the cingulo-frontal lateral network. Results in awake macaques show that rostral seeds in the cingulate sulcus exhibited stronger correlation strength with rostral compared to caudal lateral frontal cortical areas, while more caudal seeds displayed stronger correlation strength with caudal compared to anterior lateral frontal cortical areas. Critically, this inverse rostro-caudal functional gradient was abolished under anaesthesia. This study demonstrated a similar functional connectivity (FC) organization of the cingulo-frontal cortical network in awake macaque to that previously uncovered in the human brain pointing toward a preserved FC organization from macaque to human. However, it can only be observed in awake state suggesting that this network is sensitive to anaesthesia and warranting significant caution when comparing FC patterns across species under different states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Giacometti
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Audrey Dureux
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Lyon, France, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Autran-Clavagnier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France.,Inovarion, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Charles R E Wilson
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Jérôme Sallet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Manon Dirheimer
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Lyon, France, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Procyk
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Fadila Hadj-Bouziane
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Lyon, France, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Amiez
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
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26
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Ma Q, Rolls ET, Huang CC, Cheng W, Feng J. Extensive cortical functional connectivity of the human hippocampal memory system. Cortex 2021; 147:83-101. [PMID: 35026557 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cortical connections of the human hippocampal memory system are fundamental to understanding its operation in health and disease, especially in the context of the great development of the human cortex. The functional connectivity of the human hippocampal system was analyzed in 172 participants imaged at 7T in the Human Connectome Project. The human hippocampus has high functional connectivity not only with the entorhinal cortex, but also with areas that are more distant in the ventral 'what' stream including the perirhinal cortex and temporal cortical visual areas. Parahippocampal gyrus TF in humans has connectivity with this ventral 'what' subsystem. Correspondingly for the dorsal stream, the hippocampus has high functional connectivity not only with the presubiculum, but also with areas more distant, the medial parahippocampal cortex TH which includes the parahippocampal place or scene area, the posterior cingulate including retrosplenial cortex, and the parietal cortex. Further, there is considerable cross connectivity between the ventral and dorsal streams with the hippocampus. The findings are supported by anatomical connections, which together provide an unprecedented and quantitative overview of the extensive cortical connectivity of the human hippocampal system that goes beyond hierarchically organised and segregated pathways connecting the hippocampus and neocortex, and leads to new concepts on the operation of the hippocampal memory system in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ma
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Edmund T Rolls
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK.
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China; Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China; Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
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27
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Bowden DM, German DC. Mapping reward mechanisms by intracerebral self-stimulation in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:3564-3592. [PMID: 33978232 PMCID: PMC8920750 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to identify brain structures that mediate reward as evidenced by positive reinforcing effects of stimuli on behavior. Testing by intracerebral self-stimulation enabled monkeys to inform whether activation of ~2900 sites in 74 structures of 4 sensorimotor pathways and 4 modulatory loop pathways was positive, negative or neutral. Stimulation was rewarding at 30% of sites, negative at 17%, neutral at 52%. Virtually all (99%) structures yielded some positive or negative sites, suggesting a ubiquitous distribution of pathways transmitting valence information. Mapping of sites to structures with dense versus sparse dopaminergic (DA) or noradrenergic (NA) innervation showed that stimulation of DA-pathways was rewarding or neutral. Stimulation of NA-pathways was not rewarding. Stimulation of association areas was generally rewarding; stimulation of purely sensory or motor structures was generally negative. Reward related more to structures' sensorimotor function than to density of DA-innervation. Stimulation of basal ganglia loop pathways was rewarding except in lateral globus pallidus, an inhibitory structure in the negative feedback loop; stimulation of the cerebellar loop was rewarding in anterior vermis and the spinocerebellar pathway; and stimulation of the hippocampal CA1 loop was rewarding. While most positive sites were in the DA reward system, numerous sites in sparsely DA-innervated posterior cingulate and parietal cortices may represent a separate reward system. DA-density represents concentrations of plastic synapses that mediate acquisition of new synaptic connections. DA-sparse areas may represent innate, genetically programmed reward-associated pathways. Implications of findings in regard to response habituation and addiction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M. Bowden
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dwight C. German
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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28
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Pando-Naude V, Patyczek A, Bonetti L, Vuust P. An ALE meta-analytic review of top-down and bottom-up processing of music in the brain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20813. [PMID: 34675231 PMCID: PMC8531391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A remarkable feature of the human brain is its ability to integrate information from the environment with internally generated content. The integration of top-down and bottom-up processes during complex multi-modal human activities, however, is yet to be fully understood. Music provides an excellent model for understanding this since music listening leads to the urge to move, and music making entails both playing and listening at the same time (i.e., audio-motor coupling). Here, we conducted activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses of 130 neuroimaging studies of music perception, production and imagery, with 2660 foci, 139 experiments, and 2516 participants. We found that music perception and production rely on auditory cortices and sensorimotor cortices, while music imagery recruits distinct parietal regions. This indicates that the brain requires different structures to process similar information which is made available either by an interaction with the environment (i.e., bottom-up) or by internally generated content (i.e., top-down).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pando-Naude
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Universitetsbyen, 3-0-17, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Agata Patyczek
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonardo Bonetti
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Universitetsbyen, 3-0-17, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Universitetsbyen, 3-0-17, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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29
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Huang CC, Rolls ET, Hsu CCH, Feng J, Lin CP. Extensive Cortical Connectivity of the Human Hippocampal Memory System: Beyond the "What" and "Where" Dual Stream Model. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4652-4669. [PMID: 34013342 PMCID: PMC8866812 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human hippocampus is involved in forming new memories: damage impairs memory. The dual stream model suggests that object "what" representations from ventral stream temporal cortex project to the hippocampus via the perirhinal and then lateral entorhinal cortex, and spatial "where" representations from the dorsal parietal stream via the parahippocampal gyrus and then medial entorhinal cortex. The hippocampus can then associate these inputs to form episodic memories of what happened where. Diffusion tractography was used to reveal the direct connections of hippocampal system areas in humans. This provides evidence that the human hippocampus has extensive direct cortical connections, with connections that bypass the entorhinal cortex to connect with the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortex, with the temporal pole, with the posterior and retrosplenial cingulate cortex, and even with early sensory cortical areas. The connections are less hierarchical and segregated than in the dual stream model. This provides a foundation for a conceptualization for how the hippocampal memory system connects with the cerebral cortex and operates in humans. One implication is that prehippocampal cortical areas such as the parahippocampal TF and TH subregions and perirhinal cortices may implement specialized computations that can benefit from inputs from the dorsal and ventral streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chung Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Edmund T Rolls
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK
| | - Chih-Chin Heather Hsu
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
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30
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Giarrocco F, Averbeck B. Organization of Parieto-Prefrontal and Temporo-Prefrontal Networks in the Macaque. J Neurophysiol 2021; 126:1289-1309. [PMID: 34379536 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00092.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The connectivity among architectonically defined areas of the frontal, parietal, and temporal cortex of the macaque has been extensively mapped through tract tracing methods. To investigate the statistical organization underlying this connectivity, and identify its underlying architecture, we performed a hierarchical cluster analysis on 69 cortical areas based on their anatomically defined inputs. We identified 10 frontal, 4 parietal, and 5 temporal hierarchically related sets of areas (clusters), defined by unique sets of inputs and typically composed of anatomically contiguous areas. Across cortex, clusters that share functional properties were linked by dominant information processing circuits in a topographically organized manner that reflects the organization of the main fiber bundles in the cortex. This led to a dorsal-ventral subdivision of the frontal cortex, where dorsal and ventral clusters showed privileged connectivity with parietal and temporal areas, respectively. Ventrally, temporo-frontal circuits encode information to discriminate objects in the environment, their value, emotional properties, and functions such as memory and spatial navigation. Dorsal parieto-frontal circuits encode information for selecting, generating, and monitoring appropriate actions based on visual-spatial and somatosensory information. This organization may reflect evolutionary antecedents, in which the vertebrate pallium, which is the ancestral cortex, was defined by a ventral and lateral olfactory region and a medial hippocampal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Giarrocco
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Bruno Averbeck
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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31
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Bakola S, Burman KJ, Bednarek S, Chan JM, Jermakow N, Worthy KH, Majka P, Rosa MGP. Afferent Connections of Cytoarchitectural Area 6M and Surrounding Cortex in the Marmoset: Putative Homologues of the Supplementary and Pre-supplementary Motor Areas. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:41-62. [PMID: 34255833 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical projections to the caudomedial frontal cortex were studied using retrograde tracers in marmosets. We tested the hypothesis that cytoarchitectural area 6M includes homologues of the supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas (SMA and pre-SMA) of other primates. We found that, irrespective of the injection sites' location within 6M, over half of the labeled neurons were located in motor and premotor areas. Other connections originated in prefrontal area 8b, ventral anterior and posterior cingulate areas, somatosensory areas (3a and 1-2), and areas on the rostral aspect of the dorsal posterior parietal cortex. Although the origin of afferents was similar, injections in rostral 6M received higher percentages of prefrontal afferents, and fewer somatosensory afferents, compared to caudal injections, compatible with differentiation into SMA and pre-SMA. Injections rostral to 6M (area 8b) revealed a very different set of connections, with increased emphasis on prefrontal and posterior cingulate afferents, and fewer parietal afferents. The connections of 6M were also quantitatively different from those of the primary motor cortex, dorsal premotor areas, and cingulate motor area 24d. These results show that the cortical motor control circuit is conserved in simian primates, indicating that marmosets can be valuable models for studying movement planning and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Bakola
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.,Monash University Node, ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kathleen J Burman
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.,Monash University Node, ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sylwia Bednarek
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jonathan M Chan
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.,Monash University Node, ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Natalia Jermakow
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katrina H Worthy
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Piotr Majka
- Monash University Node, ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.,Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcello G P Rosa
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.,Monash University Node, ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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32
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Zhang J, Scholtens LH, Wei Y, van den Heuvel MP, Chanes L, Barrett LF. Topography Impacts Topology: Anatomically Central Areas Exhibit a "High-Level Connector" Profile in the Human Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:1357-1365. [PMID: 31504277 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Degree centrality is a widely used measure in complex networks. Within the brain, degree relates to other topological features, with high-degree nodes (i.e., hubs) exhibiting high betweenness centrality, participation coefficient, and within-module z-score. However, increasing evidence from neuroanatomical and predictive processing literature suggests that topological properties of a brain network may also be impacted by topography, that is, anatomical (spatial) distribution. More specifically, cortical limbic areas (agranular and dysgranular cortices), which occupy an anatomically central position, have been proposed to be topologically central and well suited to initiate predictions in the cerebral cortex. We estimated anatomical centrality and showed that it positively correlated with betweenness centrality, participation coefficient, and communicability, analogously to degree. In contrast to degree, however, anatomical centrality negatively correlated with within-module z-score. Our data suggest that degree centrality and anatomical centrality reflect distinct contributions to cortical organization. Whereas degree would be more related to the amount of information integration performed by an area, anatomical centrality would be more related to an area's position in the predictive hierarchy. Highly anatomically central areas may function as "high-level connectors," integrating already highly integrated information across modules. These results are consistent with a high-level, domain-general limbic workspace, integrated by highly anatomically central cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lianne H Scholtens
- Connectome Lab, Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yongbin Wei
- Connectome Lab, Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn P van den Heuvel
- Connectome Lab, Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lorena Chanes
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology-Serra Húnter Programme, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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33
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Rushmore RJ, Bouix S, Kubicki M, Rathi Y, Rosene DL, Yeterian EH, Makris N. MRI-based Parcellation and Morphometry of the Individual Rhesus Monkey Brain: the macaque Harvard-Oxford Atlas (mHOA), a translational system referencing a standardized ontology. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1589-1621. [PMID: 32960419 PMCID: PMC8608281 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) brain have shed light on the function and organization of the primate brain at a scale and resolution not yet possible in humans. A cornerstone of the linkage between non-human primate and human studies of the brain is magnetic resonance imaging, which allows for an association to be made between the detailed structural and physiological analysis of the non-human primate and that of the human brain. To further this end, we present a novel parcellation method and system for the rhesus monkey brain, referred to as the macaque Harvard-Oxford Atlas (mHOA), which is based on the human Harvard-Oxford Atlas (HOA) and grounded in an ontological and taxonomic framework. Consistent anatomical features were used to delimit and parcellate brain regions in the macaque, which were then categorized according to functional systems. This system of parcellation will be expanded with advances in technology and, like the HOA, will provide a framework upon which the results from other experimental studies (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), physiology, connectivity, graph theory) can be interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jarrett Rushmore
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Douglas L Rosene
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward H Yeterian
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Psychology, Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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34
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Rizzolatti G, D'Alessio A, Marchi M, Di Cesare G. The neural bases of tactile vitality forms and their modulation by social context. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9095. [PMID: 33907207 PMCID: PMC8079712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
People communicate using speech, gestures, and, less frequently, touches. An example of tactile communication is represented by handshake. Customs surrounding handshake vary in different cultures. In Western societies is mostly used when meeting, parting, as a sign of congratulations or at the end of a successful business. Despite its importance in social life, the neural mechanism underlying the affective components conveyed by handshake ("tactile vitality forms") is unknown. Here we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electromyography (EMG), to investigate the neural affective activations during handshakes. We demonstrated that handshake conveying gentle or aggressive tactile vitality forms produces a stronger activation of the dorso-central insula. The simultaneous presence of emotional facial expressions modulates the activation of this insular sector. Finally, we provide evidence that the cingulate cortex is involved in the processing of facial expressions conveying different vitality forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rizzolatti
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Parma, Italy.
| | - A D'Alessio
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Parma, Italy
| | - M Marchi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Di Cesare
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Cognitive Architecture for Collaborative Technologies Unit, Italian Institute of Technology, Genova, Italy
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35
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Livermore JJA, Klaassen FH, Bramson B, Hulsman AM, Meijer SW, Held L, Klumpers F, de Voogd LD, Roelofs K. Approach-Avoidance Decisions Under Threat: The Role of Autonomic Psychophysiological States. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:621517. [PMID: 33867915 PMCID: PMC8044748 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.621517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acutely challenging or threatening situations frequently require approach-avoidance decisions. Acute threat triggers fast autonomic changes that prepare the body to freeze, fight or flee. However, such autonomic changes may also influence subsequent instrumental approach-avoidance decisions. Since defensive bodily states are often not considered in value-based decision-making models, it remains unclear how they influence the decision-making process. Here, we aim to bridge this gap by discussing the existing literature on the potential role of threat-induced bodily states on decision making and provide a new neurocomputational framework explaining how these effects can facilitate or bias approach-avoid decisions under threat. Theoretical accounts have stated that threat-induced parasympathetic activity is involved in information gathering and decision making. Parasympathetic dominance over sympathetic activity is particularly seen during threat-anticipatory freezing, an evolutionarily conserved response to threat demonstrated across species and characterized by immobility and bradycardia. Although this state of freezing has been linked to altered information processing and action preparation, a full theoretical treatment of the interactions with value-based decision making has not yet been achieved. Our neural framework, which we term the Threat State/Value Integration (TSI) Model, will illustrate how threat-induced bodily states may impact valuation of competing incentives at three stages of the decision-making process, namely at threat evaluation, integration of rewards and threats, and action initiation. Additionally, because altered parasympathetic activity and decision biases have been shown in anxious populations, we will end with discussing how biases in this system can lead to characteristic patterns of avoidance seen in anxiety-related disorders, motivating future pre-clinical and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. A. Livermore
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Felix H. Klaassen
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bob Bramson
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anneloes M. Hulsman
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd W. Meijer
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leslie Held
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Floris Klumpers
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lycia D. de Voogd
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Karin Roelofs
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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36
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Cytoarchitectonics of the Rolandic operculum: morphofunctional ponderings. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:941-950. [PMID: 33743075 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Constantin von Economo (1876-1931) had a long-standing interest in the cellular structure of the human cerebral cortex. In the present article I highlight a historical paper that von Economo published in 1930 on the cytoarchitectonics of the Rolandic operculum, an English translation of which I provide as supplementary material. I further discuss some morphofunctional aspects of the human opercular cortex from a modern perspective, as well as the clinical relevance to language dysfunctions, the operculum syndrome, and epilepsy.
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Darling WG, Pizzimenti MA, Rotella DL, Ge J, Stilwell-Morecraft KS, Morecraft RJ. Greater Reduction in Contralesional Hand Use After Frontoparietal Than Frontal Motor Cortex Lesions in Macaca mulatta. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:592235. [PMID: 33815072 PMCID: PMC8012777 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.592235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that rhesus monkeys recover spontaneous use of the more impaired (contralesional) hand following neurosurgical lesions to the arm/hand representations of primary motor cortex (M1) and lateral premotor cortex (LPMC) (F2 lesion) when tested for reduced use (RU) in a fine motor task allowing use of either hand. Recovery occurred without constraint of the less impaired hand and with occasional forced use of the more impaired hand, which was the preferred hand for use in fine motor tasks before the lesion. Here, we compared recovery of five F2 lesion cases in the same RU test to recovery after unilateral lesions of M1, LPMC, S1 and anterior portion of parietal cortex (F2P2 lesion - four cases). Average and highest %use of the contralesional hand in the RU task in F2 cases were twice that in F2P2 cases (p < 0.05). Recovery in the RU task was closely associated with volume and percentage of lesion to caudal (new) M1 (M1c) in both F2 and F2P2 lesion cases. One F2P2 case, with the largest M1c lesion and a large rostral somatosensory cortex (S1r) lesion developed severe contralesional hand non-use despite exhibiting some recovery of fine motor function initially. We conclude that the degree of reduced use of the contralesional hand is primarily related to the volume of M1c injury and that severe non-use requires extensive injury to M1c and S1r. Thus, assessing peri-Rolandic injury extent in stroke patients may have prognostic value for predicting susceptibility to RU and non-use in rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren G Darling
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, Motor Control Laboratory, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Marc A Pizzimenti
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Diane L Rotella
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, Motor Control Laboratory, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jizhi Ge
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurological Sciences, The University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Kimberly S Stilwell-Morecraft
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurological Sciences, The University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Robert J Morecraft
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurological Sciences, The University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, United States
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38
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Calderazzo SM, Busch SE, Moore TL, Rosene DL, Medalla M. Distribution and overlap of entorhinal, premotor, and amygdalar connections in the monkey anterior cingulate cortex. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:885-904. [PMID: 32677044 PMCID: PMC8214921 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is important for decision-making as it integrates motor plans with affective and contextual limbic information. Disruptions in these networks have been observed in depression, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Yet, overlap of limbic and motor connections within subdivisions of the ACC is not well understood. Hence, we administered a combination of retrograde and anterograde tracers into structures important for contextual memories (entorhinal cortex), affective processing (amygdala), and motor planning (dorsal premotor cortex) to assess overlap of labeled projection neurons from (outputs) and axon terminals to (inputs) the ACC of adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Our data show that entorhinal and dorsal premotor cortical (dPMC) connections are segregated across ventral (A25, A24a) and dorsal (A24b,c) subregions of the ACC, while amygdalar connections are more evenly distributed across subregions. Among all areas, the rostral ACC (A32) had the lowest relative density of connections with all three regions. In the ventral ACC, entorhinal and amygdalar connections strongly overlap across all layers, especially in A25. In the dorsal ACC, outputs to dPMC and the amygdala strongly overlap in deep layers. However, dPMC input to the dorsal ACC was densest in deep layers, while amygdalar inputs predominantly localized in upper layers. These connection patterns are consistent with diverse roles of the dorsal ACC in motor evaluation and the ventral ACC in affective and contextual memory. Further, distinct laminar circuits suggest unique interactions within specific ACC compartments that are likely important for the temporal integration of motor and limbic information during flexible goal-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Calderazzo
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Silas E. Busch
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tara L. Moore
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas L. Rosene
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Medalla
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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39
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Yang PF, Phipps MA, Jonathan S, Newton AT, Byun N, Gore JC, Grissom WA, Caskey CF, Chen LM. Bidirectional and state-dependent modulation of brain activity by transcranial focused ultrasound in non-human primates. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:261-272. [PMID: 33460838 PMCID: PMC7988301 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) stimulation under MRI guidance, coupled with functional MRI (fMRI) monitoring of effects, offers a precise, noninvasive technology to dissect functional brain circuits and to modulate altered brain functional networks in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here we show that ultrasound at moderate intensities modulated neural activity bi-directionally. Concurrent sonication of somatosensory areas 3a/3b with 250 kHz FUS suppressed the fMRI signals produced there by peripheral tactile stimulation, while at the same time eliciting fMRI activation at inter-connected, off-target brain regions. Direct FUS stimulation of the cortex resulted in different degrees of BOLD signal changes across all five off-target regions, indicating that its modulatory effects on active and resting neurons differed. This is the first demonstration of the dual suppressive and excitative modulations of FUS on a specific functional circuit and of ability of concurrent FUS and MRI to evaluate causal interactions between functional circuits with neuron-class selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Feng Yang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Anthony Phipps
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sumeeth Jonathan
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Allen T Newton
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nellie Byun
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William A Grissom
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charles F Caskey
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Li Min Chen
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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40
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Kobayashi S, Iwama Y, Nishimaru H, Matsumoto J, Setogawa T, Ono T, Nishijo H. Examination of the Prefrontal Cortex Hemodynamic Responses to the Fist-Edge-Palm Task in Naïve Subjects Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:617626. [PMID: 33633554 PMCID: PMC7901956 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.617626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fist-Edge-Palm (FEP) task, a manual hand task, has been used to detect frontal dysfunctions in clinical situations: its performance failures are observed in various prefrontal cortex (PFC)-related disorders, including schizophrenia. However, previous imaging studies reported that the performance of the FEP task activated motor-related areas, but not the PFC. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationships between the performance of the FEP task and PFC functions. Hemodynamic activity in the PFC, including the dorsolateral PFC (area 46) and frontal pole (area 10), was recorded. Healthy young subjects performed the FEP task as well as a palm tapping (PT) task (control task) three times. The subjects also completed a Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Schizotypal Personality Scale (STA) questionnaire. We found that hemodynamic activity (Oxy-Hb) in the PFC increased in the first trial of the FEP task but decreased considerably in the second and third trials compared to the PT task. The number of performance errors in the FEP task also decreased in the second and third trials. Error reduction (i.e., learning) in the FEP task between the first and second trials was negatively correlated with schizotypal trait and the number of perseveration errors in the WCST. Furthermore, changes in the PFC hemodynamic activity between the first and second trials were positively correlated with error reduction in the FEP task between the first and second trials, and negatively correlated with the number of perseveration errors in the WCST. These results suggest that learning in the FEP task requires PFC activation, which is negatively associated with perseveration errors in the WCST. The results further suggest that the FEP task, in conjunction with near-infrared spectroscopy, may be useful as a diagnostic method for various disorders with PFC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kobayashi
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Japan Suicide Countermeasures Promotion Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yudai Iwama
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishimaru
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Setogawa
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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41
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Rapan L, Froudist-Walsh S, Niu M, Xu T, Funck T, Zilles K, Palomero-Gallagher N. Multimodal 3D atlas of the macaque monkey motor and premotor cortex. Neuroimage 2021; 226:117574. [PMID: 33221453 PMCID: PMC8168280 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study we reevaluated the parcellation scheme of the macaque frontal agranular cortex by implementing quantitative cytoarchitectonic and multireceptor analyses, with the purpose to integrate and reconcile the discrepancies between previously published maps of this region. We applied an observer-independent and statistically testable approach to determine the position of cytoarchitectonic borders. Analysis of the regional and laminar distribution patterns of 13 different transmitter receptors confirmed the position of cytoarchitectonically identified borders. Receptor densities were extracted from each area and visualized as its "receptor fingerprint". Hierarchical and principal components analyses were conducted to detect clusters of areas according to the degree of (dis)similarity of their fingerprints. Finally, functional connectivity pattern of each identified area was analyzed with areas of prefrontal, cingulate, somatosensory and lateral parietal cortex and the results were depicted as "connectivity fingerprints" and seed-to-vertex connectivity maps. We identified 16 cyto- and receptor architectonically distinct areas, including novel subdivisions of the primary motor area 4 (i.e. 4a, 4p, 4m) and of premotor areas F4 (i.e. F4s, F4d, F4v), F5 (i.e. F5s, F5d, F5v) and F7 (i.e. F7d, F7i, F7s). Multivariate analyses of receptor fingerprints revealed three clusters, which first segregated the subdivisions of area 4 with F4d and F4s from the remaining premotor areas, then separated ventrolateral from dorsolateral and medial premotor areas. The functional connectivity analysis revealed that medial and dorsolateral premotor and motor areas show stronger functional connectivity with areas involved in visual processing, whereas 4p and ventrolateral premotor areas presented a stronger functional connectivity with areas involved in somatomotor responses. For the first time, we provide a 3D atlas integrating cyto- and multi-receptor architectonic features of the macaque motor and premotor cortex. This atlas constitutes a valuable resource for the analysis of functional experiments carried out with non-human primates, for modeling approaches with realistic synaptic dynamics, as well as to provide insights into how brain functions have developed by changes in the underlying microstructure and encoding strategies during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Rapan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Meiqi Niu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ting Xu
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Funck
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, and JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany; C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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42
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Putnam PT, Chang SWC. Social processing by the primate medial frontal cortex. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 158:213-248. [PMID: 33785146 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The primate medial frontal cortex is comprised of several brain regions that are consistently implicated in regulating complex social behaviors. The medial frontal cortex is also critically involved in many non-social behaviors, such as those involved in reward, affective, and decision-making processes, broadly implicating the fundamental role of the medial frontal cortex in internally guided cognition. An essential question therefore is what unique contributions, if any, does the medial frontal cortex make to social behaviors? In this chapter, we outline several neural algorithms necessary for mediating adaptive social interactions and discuss selected evidence from behavioral neurophysiology experiments supporting the role of the medial frontal cortex in implementing these algorithms. By doing so, we primarily focus on research in nonhuman primates and examine several key attributes of the medial frontal cortex. Specifically, we review neuronal substrates in the medial frontal cortex uniquely suitable for enabling social monitoring, observational and vicarious learning, as well as predicting the behaviors of social partners. Moreover, by utilizing the three levels of organization in information processing systems proposed by Marr (1982) and recently adapted by Lockwood, Apps, and Chang (2020) for social information processing, we survey selected social functions of the medial frontal cortex through the lens of socially relevant algorithms and implementations. Overall, this chapter provides a broad overview of the behavioral neurophysiology literature endorsing the importance of socially relevant neural algorithms implemented by the primate medial frontal cortex for regulating social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T Putnam
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Steve W C Chang
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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43
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Amiez C, Sallet J, Novek J, Hadj-Bouziane F, Giacometti C, Andersson J, Hopkins WD, Petrides M. Chimpanzee histology and functional brain imaging show that the paracingulate sulcus is not human-specific. Commun Biol 2021; 4:54. [PMID: 33420330 PMCID: PMC7794552 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The paracingulate sulcus -PCGS- has been considered for a long time to be specific to the human brain. Its presence/absence has been discussed in relation to interindividual variability of personality traits and cognitive abilities. Recently, a putative PCGS has been observed in chimpanzee brains. To demonstrate that this newly discovered sulcus is the homologue of the PCGS in the human brain, we analyzed cytoarchitectonic and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data in chimpanzee brains which did or did not display a PCGS. The results show that the organization of the mid-cingulate cortex of the chimpanzee brain is comparable to that of the human brain, both cytoarchitectonically and in terms of functional connectivity with the lateral frontal cortex. These results demonstrate that the PCGS is not human-specific but is a shared feature of the primate brain since at least the last common ancestor to humans and great apes ~6 mya. The paracingulate sulcus (PCGS) is a brain structure long thought to be specific to humans, and variation in this structure has been linked to personality traits and cognitive abilities. In this study, Céline Amiez and Jérôme Sallet et al. analyze brain imaging data from humans and chimpanzees to demonstrate that the PCGS is in fact present in our closest relative and its functional connectivity in chimpanzees is comparable to that in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Amiez
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500, Bron, France.
| | - Jérôme Sallet
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500, Bron, France.,Wellcome Integrative Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Jennifer Novek
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fadila Hadj-Bouziane
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team (ImpAct), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Lyon, France, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Giacometti
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Jesper Andersson
- Wellcome Integrative Neuroimaging Centre, fMRIB, University of Oxford, Headington, UK
| | - William D Hopkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, 78602, USA
| | - Michael Petrides
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Nadeau SE. Neural mechanisms of emotions, alexithymia, and depression. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 183:299-313. [PMID: 34389124 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822290-4.00014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This chapter brings the powerful conceptual tools of the science of parallel distributed processing (PDP) to bear on the cognitive neuroscience of emotions discussed in this book. Cerebral representations are encoded as patterns of activity involving billions of neurons. PDP across these neuronal populations provides the basis for a number of emergent properties: (1) processing occurs and knowledge (long term memories) is stored (as synaptic connection strengths) in exactly the same networks; (2) networks have the capacity for setting into stable attractor states corresponding to concepts, symbols, implicit rules, or data transformations; (3) networks provide the scaffold for the acquisition of knowledge, but knowledge is acquired through experience; (4) PDP networks are adept at incorporating the statistical regularities of experience as well as frequency and age of acquisition effects; (5) networks enable content-addressable memory; (6) because knowledge is distributed throughout networks, they exhibit the property of graceful degradation; (7) networks intrinsically provide the capacity for inference. With this perspective, I propose a new model of emotional function that reasonably accounts for the effects of focal lesions at various points (insula, orbitofrontal cortex, convexity cortex, and intervening white matter) due to stroke, trauma, surgery, and degenerative disease, as reflected in disorders of affective prosody, facial emotional comprehension and expression, emotional behavior, and personality. I consider a modification of the James Lange theory that takes into account the role of a lifetime of subjective knowledge acquisition by the orbitofrontal cortex. Alexithymia is conceptualized as a disorder of the insula/orbitofrontal cortex/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC) system, the function of which can be disrupted by degradation of knowledge at a number of different locations. Finally, I consider the possibility that depression reflects pathological learning involving the medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortices such that there is a pathologic engagement of the two regions, as suggested by Rolls. I conclude with a consideration of the peculiar responsivity of depression to serotonergic and noradrenergic agents, as well as to surgical orbitofrontal undercutting, and what that might be telling us about the mechanisms of depression and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Nadeau
- Research Service and the Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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Meram TD, Chowdury A, Easter P, Attisha T, Kallabat E, Hanna GL, Arnold P, Rosenberg DR, Diwadkar VA. Evoking network profiles of the dorsal anterior cingulate in youth with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder during motor control and working memory. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 132:72-83. [PMID: 33068817 PMCID: PMC9351617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Interest in the pathology of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder\has focused on brain network profiles of the dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC), given its role as a principal control region. Both motor control and working memory tasks induce dysfunctional dACC profiles in OCD. H H We contrasted dACC network profiles in OCD and age-comparable controls during both tasks (from data collected in the same participants). The motor task required participants to tap their right forefinger in response to a flashing white probe; the memory task was a standard n-back (2-Back) requiring participants to identify if a current stimulus was identical to the one presented two items before it in the sequence. Network interactions were modeled using Psychophysiological Interactions (PPI), a model of directional functional connectivity. Inter-group analyses indicated a) that the motor control task evoked greater dACC modulation than the working memory task, and b) that the modulatory effect was significantly greater in the OCD group. We also investigated the relationship between OCD symptom dimensions (lifetime obsession and lifetime compulsion measured using the CY-BOCS) and dACC network profiles in OCD. This analysis revealed a dichotomy between Obsessive-Compulsive symptom dimensions and the degree of dACC modulation: primarily increased obsessions predicted increased modulation during the motor control task, but primarily increased compulsions predicted increased modulation during the working memory task. These results re-emphasize the salience of the dACC in OCD, and the primacy of tasks of motor control in evoking dACC pathology in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Meram
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Chrysler Service Dr Suite 5B, Tolan Park Medical Bldg, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Asadur Chowdury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Chrysler Service Dr Suite 5B, Tolan Park Medical Bldg, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Philip Easter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Chrysler Service Dr Suite 5B, Tolan Park Medical Bldg, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Tyler Attisha
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Chrysler Service Dr Suite 5B, Tolan Park Medical Bldg, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ellanya Kallabat
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Chrysler Service Dr Suite 5B, Tolan Park Medical Bldg, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Gregory L. Hanna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Paul Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry & Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - David R. Rosenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Chrysler Service Dr Suite 5B, Tolan Park Medical Bldg, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Vaibhav A. Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Chrysler Service Dr Suite 5B, Tolan Park Medical Bldg, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Oscillations as a window into neuronal mechanisms underlying dorsal anterior cingulate cortex function. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 158:311-335. [PMID: 33785150 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The function of dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) remains poorly understood. While many methods, spanning bottom-up and top-down approaches, have been deployed, the view they offer is often conflicting. Integrating bottom-up and top-down approaches requires an intermediary with sufficient explanatory power, theoretical development, and empirical support. Oscillations in the local field potential (LFP) provide such a link. LFP oscillations arise from empirically well-characterized neuronal circuit motifs. Synchronizing the firing of individual units has appealing properties to bind disparate brain regions and propagate information, including gating, routing, and coding. Moreover, the LFP, rather than single unit activity, more closely relates to macro-scale recordings, such as the electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Thus, LFP oscillations are a critical link that allow for the inference of neuronal micro-circuitry underlying macroscopic brain recordings.
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García-Cabezas MÁ, Hacker JL, Zikopoulos B. A Protocol for Cortical Type Analysis of the Human Neocortex Applied on Histological Samples, the Atlas of Von Economo and Koskinas, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:576015. [PMID: 33364924 PMCID: PMC7750391 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.576015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cerebral cortex is parcellated in hundreds of areas using neuroanatomy and imaging methods. Alternatively, cortical areas can be classified into few cortical types according to their degree of laminar differentiation. Cortical type analysis is based on the gradual and systematic variation of laminar features observed across the entire cerebral cortex in Nissl stained sections and has profound implications for understanding fundamental aspects of evolution, development, connections, function, and pathology of the cerebral cortex. In this protocol paper, we explain the general principles of cortical type analysis and provide tables with the fundamental features of laminar structure that are studied for this analysis. We apply cortical type analysis to the micrographs of the Atlas of the human cerebral cortex of von Economo and Koskinas and provide tables and maps with the areas of this Atlas and their corresponding cortical type. Finally, we correlate the cortical type maps with the T1w/T2w ratio from widely used reference magnetic resonance imaging scans. The analysis, tables and maps of the human cerebral cortex shown in this protocol paper can be used to predict patterns of connections between areas according to the principles of the Structural Model and determine their level in cortical hierarchies. Cortical types can also predict the spreading of abnormal proteins in neurodegenerative diseases to the level of cortical layers. In summary, cortical type analysis provides a theoretical and practical framework for directed studies of connectivity, synaptic plasticity, and selective vulnerability to neurologic and psychiatric diseases in the human neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel García-Cabezas
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Julia Liao Hacker
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Basilis Zikopoulos
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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Monosov IE, Haber SN, Leuthardt EC, Jezzini A. Anterior Cingulate Cortex and the Control of Dynamic Behavior in Primates. Curr Biol 2020; 30:R1442-R1454. [PMID: 33290716 PMCID: PMC8197026 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The brain mechanism for controlling continuous behavior in dynamic contexts must mediate action selection and learning across many timescales, responding differentially to the level of environmental uncertainty and volatility. In this review, we argue that a part of the frontal cortex known as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is particularly well suited for this function. First, the ACC is interconnected with prefrontal, parietal, and subcortical regions involved in valuation and action selection. Second, the ACC integrates diverse, behaviorally relevant information across multiple timescales, producing output signals that temporally encapsulate decision and learning processes and encode high-dimensional information about the value and uncertainty of future outcomes and subsequent behaviors. Third, the ACC signals behaviorally relevant information flexibly, displaying the capacity to represent information about current and future states in a valence-, context-, task- and action-specific manner. Fourth, the ACC dynamically controls instrumental- and non-instrumental information seeking behaviors to resolve uncertainty about future outcomes. We review electrophysiological and circuit disruption studies in primates to develop this point, discuss its relationship to novel therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders in humans, and conclude by relating ongoing research in primates to studies of medial frontal cortical regions in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E Monosov
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Neurosurgery School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Suzanne N Haber
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Eric C Leuthardt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Neurosurgery School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ahmad Jezzini
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Karunakaran KD, Peng K, Berry D, Green S, Labadie R, Kussman B, Borsook D. NIRS measures in pain and analgesia: Fundamentals, features, and function. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:335-353. [PMID: 33159918 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current pain assessment techniques based only on clinical evaluation and self-reports are not objective and may lead to inadequate treatment. Having a functional biomarker will add to the clinical fidelity, diagnosis, and perhaps improve treatment efficacy in patients. While many approaches have been deployed in pain biomarker discovery, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a technology that allows for non-invasive measurement of cortical hemodynamics. The utility of fNIRS is especially attractive given its ability to detect specific changes in the somatosensory and high-order cortices as well as its ability to measure (1) brain function similar to functional magnetic resonance imaging, (2) graded responses to noxious and innocuous stimuli, (3) analgesia, and (4) nociception under anesthesia. In this review, we evaluate the utility of fNIRS in nociception/pain with particular focus on its sensitivity and specificity, methodological advantages and limitations, and the current and potential applications in various pain conditions. Everything considered, fNIRS technology could enhance our ability to evaluate evoked and persistent pain across different age groups and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthana Deepti Karunakaran
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States.
| | - Ke Peng
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Département en Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, l'Université de Montréal Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Delany Berry
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Stephen Green
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Robert Labadie
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Barry Kussman
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - David Borsook
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States.
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A Minimal Biophysical Model of Neocortical Pyramidal Cells: Implications for Frontal Cortex Microcircuitry and Field Potential Generation. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8513-8529. [PMID: 33037076 PMCID: PMC7605414 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0221-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ spikes initiated in the distal trunk of layer 5 pyramidal cells (PCs) underlie nonlinear dynamic changes in the gain of cellular response, critical for top-down control of cortical processing. Detailed models with many compartments and dozens of ionic channels can account for this Ca2+ spike-dependent gain and associated critical frequency. However, current models do not account for all known Ca2+-dependent features. Previous attempts to include more features have required increasing complexity, limiting their interpretability and utility for studying large population dynamics. We overcome these limitations in a minimal two-compartment biophysical model. In our model, a basal-dendrites/somatic compartment included fast-inactivating Na+ and delayed-rectifier K+ conductances, while an apical-dendrites/trunk compartment included persistent Na+, hyperpolarization-activated cation (I h ), slow-inactivating K+, muscarinic K+, and Ca2+ L-type. The model replicated the Ca2+ spike morphology and its critical frequency plus three other defining features of layer 5 PC synaptic integration: linear frequency-current relationships, back-propagation-activated Ca2+ spike firing, and a shift in the critical frequency by blocking I h Simulating 1000 synchronized layer 5 PCs, we reproduced the current source density patterns evoked by Ca2+ spikes and describe resulting medial-frontal EEG on a male macaque monkey. We reproduced changes in the current source density when I h was blocked. Thus, a two-compartment model with five crucial ionic currents in the apical dendrites reproduces all features of these neurons. We discuss the utility of this minimal model to study the microcircuitry of agranular areas of the frontal lobe involved in cognitive control and responsible for event-related potentials, such as the error-related negativity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A minimal model of layer 5 pyramidal cells replicates all known features crucial for distal synaptic integration in these neurons. By redistributing voltage-gated and returning transmembrane currents in the model, we establish a theoretical framework for the investigation of cortical microcircuit contribution to intracranial local field potentials and EEG. This tractable model will enable biophysical evaluation of multiscale electrophysiological signatures and computational investigation of cortical processing.
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