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Yue S, Feng X, Cai Y, Ibrahim SA, Liu Y, Huang W. Regulation of Tumor Apoptosis of Poriae cutis-Derived Lanostane Triterpenes by AKT/PI3K and MAPK Signaling Pathways In Vitro. Nutrients 2023; 15:4360. [PMID: 37892435 PMCID: PMC10610537 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos is traditionally used as both food and medicine. Triterpenoids in Poria cocos have a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as diuretic, sedative and tonic properties. In this study, the anti-tumor activities of poricoic acid A (PAA) and poricoic acid B (PAB), purified by high-speed counter-current chromatography, as well as their mechanisms and signaling pathways, were investigated using a HepG2 cell model. After treatment with PAA and PAB on HepG2 cells, the apoptosis was obviously increased (p < 0.05), and the cell cycle arrested in the G2/M phase. Studies showed that PAA and PAB can also inhibit the occurrence and development of tumor cells by stimulating the generation of ROS in tumor cells and inhibiting tumor migration and invasion. Combined Polymerase Chain Reaction and computer simulation of molecular docking were employed to explore the mechanism of tumor proliferation inhibition by PAA and PAB. By interfering with phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B, Mitogen-activated protein kinases and p53 signaling pathways; and further affecting the expression of downstream caspases; matrix metalloproteinase family, cyclin-dependent kinase -cyclin, Intercellular adhesion molecules-1, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 and Cyclooxygenase -2, may be responsible for their anti-tumor activity. Overall, the results suggested that PAA and PAB induced apoptosis, halted the cell cycle, and inhibited tumor migration and invasion through multi-pathway interactions, which may serve as a potential therapeutic agent against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Xi Feng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA;
| | - Yousheng Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, 171 Carver Hall, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Wen Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
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Huang KH, Sung IC, Fang WL, Chi CW, Yeh TS, Lee HC, Yin PH, Li AFY, Wu CW, Shyr YM, Yang MH. Correlation between HGF/c-Met and Notch1 signaling pathways in human gastric cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:294-302. [PMID: 29781036 PMCID: PMC6059752 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, research concerning gastric carcinogenesis has rapidly progressed. It is evident that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is clinically related to gastric cancer progression and metastasis. In addition, previous studies have found that expression of Notch ligand Jagged1 is correlated with the poor prognosis of gastric cancer. However, the interaction between the HGF/c-Met and Notch1 signaling pathways remains unknown. In the present study, we found that gastric cancer patients with positive c-Met expression exhibited poorer overall survival than patients without c-Met expression (P=0.043) and that Jagged1 expression was significantly correlated with c-Met expression (r=0.301; P=0.004) in human gastric cancer specimens. In addition, Jagged1 activity increased after HGF stimulation, which in turn increased the downstream expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in a time-dependent manner. After knockdown of Notch1 intracellular domain (N1IC), HGF was found to increase the proliferation and migration ability in human gastric cancer cells. However, overexpression of N1IC still had no effect after HGF stimulation. Our study found a feedback loop between HGF/c-Met and Jagged1/Notch1 signaling. Furthermore, both HGF/c-Met and Notch1 signaling triggered COX-2 activity. These results suggest that gastric cancer progression is not associated with a unique signaling pathway and that a feedback loop may exist between the HGF/c-Met and Notch1 signaling pathways, which may result in therapeutic resistance. Therefore, multi-modality therapies should be considered for treating gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hung Huang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - I-Cheng Sung
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Liang Fang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chin-Wen Chi
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tien-Shun Yeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Chen Lee
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pen-Hui Yin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Anna Fen-Yau Li
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chew-Wun Wu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ming Shyr
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Wang J, Yuan L, Xiao H, Wang C, Xiao C, Wang Y, Liu X. A novel mechanism for momordin Ic-induced HepG2 apoptosis: involvement of PI3K- and MAPK-dependent PPARγ activation. Food Funct 2014; 5:859-68. [PMID: 24584198 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60558b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Momordin Ic is a natural triterpenoid saponin found in various Chinese and Japanese natural medicines such as the fruit of Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. Momordin Ic has been previously demonstrated to induce HepG2 cell apoptosis in a ROS-mediated PI3K and MAPK pathway-dependent manner. In the present study, the underlying mechanisms of PI3K and MAPK pathway-mediated PPARγ, and PGC-1α co-regulator activation, as well as the effects of downstream proteins, COX-2 and FoxO4, on cell apoptosis were investigated. The results demonstrated that momordin Ic activated PPARγ and inhibited COX-2. PGC-1α and FoxO4 expressions were increased by the PI3K or MAPK pathways. Furthermore, PPARγ inhibition decreased p-p38 and FoxO4 expression, and restored COX-2 expression. ROS inhibition exerted little effect on PPARγ, COX-2 and FoxO4 expression but affected PGC-1α expression. These results revealed the involvement of PI3K and MAPK-dependent PPARγ activation in momordin Ic-induced apoptosis, providing more detailed information underlying the pro-apoptotic mechanism of momordin Ic in HepG2 cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Rathore A, Rahman MU, Siddiqui AA, Ali A, Shaharyar M. Design and synthesis of benzimidazole analogs endowed with oxadiazole as selective COX-2 inhibitor. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2014; 347:923-35. [PMID: 25303727 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201400219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
New molecules of benzimidazole endowed with oxadiazole were designed and synthesized from 2-(2-((pyrimidin-2-ylthio)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide as 1-((5-substituted alkyl/aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)-2-((pyrimidin-2-ylthio)methyl)-1H-benzimidazoles (5a-r) with the aim to acquire selective cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitor activity. The synthesized compounds were screened by in vitro cyclooxygenase assays to determine COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory potency and the results showed that they had good-to-remarkable activity with an IC50 range of 11.6-56.1 µM. The most active compounds were further screened for their in vivo anti-inflammatory activity by using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. In vitro anticancer activities of the hybrid compounds were assessed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA, against 60 human cell lines, and the results showed a good spectrum. Compound 5l exhibited significant COX-2 inhibition with an IC50 value of 8.2 µM and a percent protection of 68.4%. Compound 5b evinced moderate cytotoxicity toward the UO-31 cell line of renal cancer. A docking study was performed using Maestro 9.0, to provide the binding mode into the binding sites of the cyclooxygenase enzyme. Hopefully, in the future, compound 5l could serve as a lead compound for developing new COX-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Rathore
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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Mutoh H, Sashikawa M, Sakamoto H, Tateno T. Cyclooxygenase 2 in gastric carcinoma is expressed in doublecortin- and CaM kinase-like-1-positive tuft cells. Gut Liver 2014; 8:508-18. [PMID: 25228975 PMCID: PMC4164254 DOI: 10.5009/gnl13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Doublecortin and CaM kinase-like-1 (DCAMKL1) is a marker of stem cells expressed predominantly in the crypt base in the intestine. However, DCAMKL1-positive cells have been shown to be differentiated tuft cells rather than quiescent progenitors. Tuft cells are the only epithelial cells that express cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in the normal intestinal epithelium. We previously generated Cdx2-transgenic mice as model mice for intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinoma. In the current study, we investigated the association between COX-2 and DCAMKL1 in gastric carcinoma. Methods We examined the association between COX-2 and DCAMKL1 expression in gastric carcinomas in clinical samples (early gastric well-differentiated adenocarcinoma) and Cdx2-transgenic mice; and the DCAMKL1-transgenic mouse stomach using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results The COX-2-expressing cells were scattered, not diffusely expressed, in gastric carcinomas from humans and Cdx2-transgenic mice. DCAMKL1-positive cells were also scattered in the gastric carcinomas, indicating that tuft cells could still be present in gastric carcinoma. COX-2 was expressed in DCAMKL1-positive tuft cells in Cdx2- and DCAMKL1-transgenic mouse stomachs, whereas the Sox9 transcription factor was ubiquitously expressed in gastric carcinomas, including COX-2-positive cells. Conclusions COX-2 is expressed in DCAMKL1-expressing quiescent tuft cells in gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mutoh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Miho Sashikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Sakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tateno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Hayashi S, Ueno N, Murase A, Takada J. Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of novel and diverse cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors as anti-inflammatory drugs. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2014; 29:846-67. [PMID: 24517373 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2013.864650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the pivotal role of cyclooxygenase (COX) in the inflammatory processes, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that suppress COX activities have been used clinically for the treatment of inflammatory diseases/syndromes; however, traditional NSAIDs exhibit serious side-effects such as gastrointestinal damage and hyper sensitivity owing to their COX-1 inhibition. Also, COX-2 inhibition-derived suppressive or preventive effects against initiation/proliferation/invasion/motility/recurrence/metastasis of various cancers/tumours such as colon, gastric, skin, lung, liver, pancreas, breast, prostate, cervical and ovarian cancers are significant. In this study, design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of various novel {2-[(2-, 3- and/or 4-substituted)-benzoyl, (bicyclic heterocycloalkanophenyl)carbonyl or cycloalkanecarbonyl]-(5- or 6-substituted)-1H-indol-3-yl}acetic acid analogues were investigated to seek and identify various chemotypes of potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, resulting in the discovery of orally potent agents in the peripheral-inflammation model rats. The SARs and physicochemical properties for the analogues are described as significant findings. For graphical abstract: see Supplementary Material. ( www.informahealthcare.com/enz ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Hayashi
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Nagoya Laboratories, Pfizer Japan Inc. , Taketoyo, Aichi , Japan
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Timosaponin AIII Suppresses Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Induced Invasive Activity through Sustained ERK Activation in Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:421051. [PMID: 23878598 PMCID: PMC3708436 DOI: 10.1155/2013/421051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which Timosaponin AIII (TAIII) is able to inhibit HGF-induced invasion activity in the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Methods. After pretreatment with different concentrations (10−6~10−8 M) of TAIII, the cells were treated with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF, 15 ng/mL). At different time intervals after coincubation, various parameters, including the expression of c-Met, ERK, COX2, and MMP-9, which were assessed by Western blotting or by real-time PCR, were analyzed. In addition, invasive activity was also monitored. Results. HGF was found to induce c-MET activation and ERK activation, together with increased COX2 protein expression; these changes were followed by a subsequent increase in invasive activity. TAIII was found to suppress HGF-induced invasive activity and COX2 gene expression in a concentration-dependent manner (10−6~10−8 M) in parallel with increases in the phosphoforms of c-Met and ERK after TAIII treatment. The mechanisms by which TAIII suppresses HGF-induced invasive activity were demonstrated to include sustained cytoplasmic and nuclear ERK activation; these led to a suppression of nuclear ATF2 activation, which was followed by downregulation of COX2 and MMP-9 transcription. Conclusion. TAIII suppresses HGF-induced invasive activity in MDA-MB-231 cells via sustained ERK activation.
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Hsu KW, Hsieh RH, Huang KH, Fen-Yau Li A, Chi CW, Wang TY, Tseng MJ, Wu KJ, Yeh TS. Activation of the Notch1/STAT3/Twist signaling axis promotes gastric cancer progression. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1459-67. [PMID: 22581828 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies and a lethal cancer in the world. Notch signaling and transcription factors STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and Twist regulate tumor development and are critical regulators of gastric cancer progression. Herein, the relationship among Notch, STAT3 and Twist pathways in the control of gastric cancer progression was studied. We found that Twist and phosphorylated STAT3 levels were promoted by the activated Notch1 receptor in human stomach adenocarcinoma SC-M1, embryonic kidney HEK293 and erythroleukemia K562 cells. Notch1 signaling dramatically induced Twist promoter activity through a C promoter binding factor-1-independent manner and STAT3 phosphorylation. Overexpression of Notch1 receptor intracellular domain (N1IC) enhanced the interaction between nuclear STAT3 and Twist promoter in cells. Gastric cancer progression of SC-M1 cells was promoted by N1IC through STAT3 phosphorylation and Twist expression including colony formation, migration and invasion. STAT3 regulated gastric cancer progression of SC-M1 cells via Twist. N1IC also elevated the progression of other gastric cancer cells such as AGS and KATO III cells through STAT3 and Twist. The N1IC-promoted tumor growth and lung metastasis of SC-M1 cells in mice were suppressed by the STAT3 inhibitor JSI-124 and Twist knockdown. Furthermore, Notch1 and Notch ligand Jagged1 expressions were significantly associated with phosphorylated STAT3 and Twist levels in gastric cancer tissues of patients. Taken together, these results suggest that Notch1/STAT3/Twist signaling axis is involved in progression of human gastric cancer and modulation of this cascade has potential for the targeted combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wen Hsu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Hayashi S, Ueno N, Murase A, Nakagawa Y, Takada J. Novel acid-type cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationship for anti-inflammatory drug. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 50:179-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Obermajer N, Wong JL, Edwards RP, Odunsi K, Moysich K, Kalinski P. PGE(2)-driven induction and maintenance of cancer-associated myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Immunol Invest 2012; 41:635-57. [PMID: 23017139 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2012.695417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are critical mediators of tumor-associated immune suppression, with their numbers and activity strongly increased in most human cancers and animal models. MDSCs suppress anti-tumor immunity through multiple mechanisms, including the manipulation of arginine and tryptophan metabolism by such factors as arginase (Arg), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS2), and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), a mediator of chronic inflammation and tumor progression, has emerged as a key molecule in MDSC biology. PGE(2) promotes MDSC development and their induction by additional factors, directly suppresses T cell immune responses and participates in the induction of other MDSC-associated suppressive factors, including Arg, iNOS and IDO. It further promotes MDSC recruitment to tumor environments through the local induction of CXCL12/SDF-1 and the induction and stabilization of the CXCL12 receptor, CXCR4, on tumor-associated MDSCs. The establishment of a positive feedback loop between PGE(2) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), the key regulator of PGE(2) synthesis, stabilizes the MDSC phenotype and is required for their suppressive function. The central role of PGE(2) in MDSC biology provides for a feasible target for counteracting MDSC-mediated immune suppression in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Obermajer
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Martínez A, Spencer M, Borlando J, Flores M, Rojas I. E-cadherin and c-Met expression in actinic cheilits and lip squamous cell carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0718-5391(11)70079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Tseng YC, Tsai YH, Tseng MJ, Hsu KW, Yang MC, Huang KH, Li AFY, Chi CW, Hsieh RH, Ku HH, Yeh TS. Notch2-induced COX-2 expression enhancing gastric cancer progression. Mol Carcinog 2011; 51:939-51. [PMID: 21976141 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma is one of the most common and mortal types of malignancy worldwide. To date, the mechanisms controlling its aggressiveness are not yet fully understood. Notch signal pathway can function as either an oncogene or a tumor suppressor in tumorigenesis. Four members (Notch1-4) of Notch receptors were found in mammals and each exhibits distinct roles in tumor progression. Previous study showed that the activated Notch1 receptor promoted gastric cancer progression through cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). This study addressed whether Notch2 signal pathway is also involved in gastric cancer progression. Constitutive expression of Notch2 intracellular domain (N2IC), the activated form of Notch2 receptor, promoted both cell proliferation and xenografted tumor growth of human stomach adenocarcinoma SC-M1 cells. The colony formation, migration, invasion, and wound-healing abilities of SC-M1 cells were enhanced by N2IC expression, whereas these abilities were suppressed by Notch2 knockdown. Similarly, Notch2 knockdown inhibited cancer progressions of AGS and AZ521 gastric cancer cells. Expression of N2IC also caused epithelial-mesenchymal transition in SC-M1 cells. Furthermore, N2IC bound to COX-2 promoter and induced COX-2 expression through a CBF1-dependent manner in SC-M1 cells. The ability of N2IC to enhance tumor progression in SC-M1 cells was suppressed by knockdown of COX-2 or treatment with NS-398, a COX-2 inhibitor. Moreover, the suppression of tumor progression by Notch2 knockdown in SC-M1 cells was reversed by exogenous COX-2 or its major enzymatic product PGE(2) . Taken together, this study is the first to demonstrate that the Notch2-COX-2 signaling axis plays an important role in controlling gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chien Tseng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hayashi S, Sumi Y, Ueno N, Murase A, Takada J. Discovery of a novel COX-2 inhibitor as an orally potent anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory drug: Design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationship. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:755-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Breuhahn K, Schirmacher P. Signaling networks in human hepatocarcinogenesis--novel aspects and therapeutic options. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 97:251-77. [PMID: 21074736 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385233-5.00009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the most common human malignancies with poor prognosis. Because therapeutic strategies are insufficient for most HCC patients, there is a great need to determine the central molecular mechanisms and pathways in order to derive novel targets for systemic therapy. There is vast evidence that not only the dysregulation of distinct signaling cascades, but also their interactions at different levels, affect tumor cell function. Through these interactions, the effects of pathways can be increased, and even new tumor-supporting qualities acquired that further facilitate HCC progression. Although several approaches for the modulation of these relevant pathways are under development, future therapeutic strategies should take into account that oncogenic stimuli cannot be understood in a monodimensional manner. In order to avoid escape mechanisms during therapy, strategies based on comprehensive knowledge of the interactive regulatory network in hepatocarcinogenesis are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Kim HJ, Hong SJ, Ko BM, Cho WY, Cho JY, Lee JS, Lee MS. Helicobacter pyloriEradication Suppresses Metachronous Gastric Cancer and Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression after Endoscopic Resection of Early Gastric Cancer. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HELICOBACTER AND UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.7704/kjhugr.2011.11.2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Su Jin Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Bong Min Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Won Young Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Joo Young Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Joon Seong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Moon Sung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
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Hsu KW, Hsieh RH, Wu CW, Chi CW, Lee YHW, Kuo ML, Wu KJ, Yeh TS. MBP-1 suppresses growth and metastasis of gastric cancer cells through COX-2. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 20:5127-37. [PMID: 19846662 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e09-05-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Myc promoter binding protein 1 (MBP-1) is a transcriptional suppressor of c-myc expression and involved in control of tumorigenesis. Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent neoplasms and lethal malignancies worldwide. So far, the regulatory mechanism of its aggressiveness has not been clearly characterized. Here we studied roles of MBP-1 in gastric cancer progression. We found that cell proliferation was inhibited by MBP-1 overexpression in human stomach adenocarcinoma SC-M1 cells. Colony formation, migration, and invasion abilities of SC-M1 cells were suppressed by MBP-1 overexpression but promoted by MBP-1 knockdown. Furthermore, the xenografted tumor growth of SC-M1 cells was suppressed by MBP-1 overexpression. Metastasis in lungs of mice was inhibited by MBP-1 after tail vein injection with SC-M1 cells. MBP-1 also suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition in SC-M1 cells. Additionally, MBP-1 bound on cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) promoter and downregulated COX-2 expression. The MBP-1-suppressed tumor progression in SC-M1 cells were through inhibition of COX-2 expression. MBP-1 also exerted a suppressive effect on tumor progression of other gastric cancer cells such as AGS and NUGC-3 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that MBP-1-suppressed COX-2 expression plays an important role in the inhibition of growth and progression of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wen Hsu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Galamb O, Spisák S, Sipos F, Tóth K, Solymosi N, Wichmann B, Krenács T, Valcz G, Tulassay Z, Molnár B. Reversal of gene expression changes in the colorectal normal-adenoma pathway by NS398 selective COX2 inhibitor. Br J Cancer 2010; 102:765-73. [PMID: 20087348 PMCID: PMC2837560 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Treatment of colorectal adenomas with selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors can contribute to the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the molecular background of their effect is not fully understood. We analysed the gene expression modulatory effect of N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)-methanesulfonamide (NS398) on HT29 cells to be correlated with expression data gained from biopsy samples. METHODS HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells were treated with NS398, and global mRNA expression was analysed on HGU133Plus2.0 microarrays. Discriminatory transcripts between normal and adenoma and between adenoma and CRC biopsy samples were identified using HGU133Plus2.0 microarrays. The results were validated using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Between normal and adenoma samples, 20 classifiers were identified, including overexpressed cadherin 3, KIAA1199, and downregulated peptide YY, glucagon, claudin 8. Seventeen of them changed in a reverse manner in HT29 cells under NS398 treatment, 14 (including upregulated claudin 8, peptide YY, and downregulated cadherin 3, KIAA1199) at a significance of P<0.05. Normal and CRC could be distinguished using 38 genes, the expression of 12 of them was changed in a reverse manner under NS398 treatment. CONCLUSION NS398 has a reversal effect on the expression of several genes that altered in colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. NS398 more efficiently inverted the expression changes seen in the normal-adenoma than in the normal-carcinoma transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Galamb
- Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Zhang J, Zhang QY, Fu YC, Wang T, Zhang J, Xu P, Zhou X, Pu PY, Kang CS. Expression of p-Akt and COX-2 in Gastric Adenocarcinomas and Adenovirus Mediated Akt1 and COX-2 ShRNA Suppresses SGC-7901 Gastric Adenocarcinoma and U251 Glioma Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2009; 8:467-78. [PMID: 19925030 DOI: 10.1177/153303460900800608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) play a crucial role in the formation of many malignant tumors and have been shown to be the important therapeutic targets. In the present study, we examined immunohistochemical expression of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and COX-2 in 45 gastric adenocarcinomas with different tumor grades. Then, adenovirus-mediated small hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vectors rAd5-Akt1+COX-2 (rAd5-A+C) that target sequences of human COX-2 and Akt1 were used to examine the inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis in SGC7901 gastric adenocarcinoma and U251 glioma cells. Cell growth was inhibited by over 70%, as indicated by a MTT assay, and was accompanied by G1/G0 phase arrest in the rAd5-A+C treated group, indicating poor cell growth activities. The number of cells invading through the matrigel in the rAd5-A+C treated group was significantly decreased (36.2±3.1) compared with that of the control group SGC7901 (105.0±4.0) and the nonsense sequence group rAd5-HK (102.5±6.4). In addition, the tumor volumes in the SGC7901 subcutaneous nude mouse model treated with rAd5-A+C was significantly smaller than those of the control group and nonsense sequence group rAd5-HK. When COX-2 and Akt1 were dramatically downregulated, Ki-67, CyclinD1, MMP-2, MMP-9 and Bcl-2 were also downregulated. Our results demonstrated that p-Akt and COX-2 were overexpressed in gastric adenocarcinomas and their expression levels were elevated with the ascending order of tumor malignancy; rAd5-A+C targeting COX-2 and Akt1 down-regulated their expression significantly in a sequence-specific manner, exerting inhibitory effects on SGC7901 and U251 cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis. In conclusion, our data suggest a novel mechanism for the regulation of malignant tumor cell growth and provide evidence for combined gene therapy for malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Chao Fu
- Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xu
- Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-yu Pu
- Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Sheng Kang
- Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, 154 An-Shan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
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COX-2 is induced by HGF stimulation in Met-positive thyroid papillary carcinoma cells and is involved in tumour invasiveness. J Pathol 2009; 218:487-94. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Yeh TS, Wu CW, Hsu KW, Liao WJ, Yang MC, Li AFY, Wang AM, Kuo ML, Chi CW. The activated Notch1 signal pathway is associated with gastric cancer progression through cyclooxygenase-2. Cancer Res 2009; 69:5039-48. [PMID: 19491270 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma is one of the most common cancers and lethal malignancies worldwide. Thus far, the regulatory mechanisms of its aggressiveness are still poorly understood. To understand the pathogenesis and to develop new therapeutic strategies, it is essential to dissect the molecular mechanisms that regulate progression of gastric cancer. Herein, we sought to address whether Notch1 signal pathway is involved in the control of progression in gastric cancer. We found that expression of Notch ligand Jagged1 was correlated with aggressiveness of human gastric cancer. Patients with Jagged1 expression in gastric cancer tissues had a poor survival rate compared with those without Jagged1 expression. The Notch1 receptor intracellular domain (N1IC), the activated form of Notch1 receptor, promoted the colony-forming ability and xenografted tumor growth of human stomach adenocarcinoma SC-M1 cells. Migration and invasion abilities of SC-M1 cells were enhanced by N1IC. Furthermore, N1IC and C promoter-binding factor 1 (CBF1) bound to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) promoter and elevated COX-2 expression in SC-M1 cells through a CBF1-dependent manner. The colony-forming, migration, and invasion abilities enhanced by N1IC were suppressed in SC-M1 cells after treatment with the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 or knockdown of COX-2. These cellular processes inhibited by Notch1 knockdown were restored by prostaglandin E(2) or exogenous COX-2. Taken together, these results suggest that activation of Notch1 signal pathway promotes progression of gastric cancer, at least in part through COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Shun Yeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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Zhang J, Zhang QY. Application of PI3K/Akt and COX-2 signal pathway blockage in treatment of gastric carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:584-588. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i6.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal alternation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/PKB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) signal pathways plays an important role in emergence and development of tumors, which also contributes to a series of biological processes and exerts a tremendous influence on treatment and prognosis of tumors. This review investigates PI3K/Akt and COX-2 signal pathways blockage and their mechanism, and provided a original direction for molecular target therapy of diverse tumors including gastric carcinoma.
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Lee YH, Suzuki YJ, Griffin AJ, Day RM. Hepatocyte growth factor regulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression via beta-catenin, Akt, and p42/p44 MAPK in human bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 294:L778-86. [PMID: 18245266 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00410.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is upregulated in response to lung injury and has been implicated in tissue repair through its antiapoptotic and proliferative activities. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of prostaglandins, and its activation has been shown to play a role in cell growth. Here, we report that HGF induces gene transcription of COX-2 in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpC). Treatment of HBEpC with HGF resulted in phosphorylation of the HGF receptor (c-Met), activation of Akt, and upregulation of COX-2 mRNA. Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of a dominant negative (DN) Akt mutant revealed that HGF increased COX-2 mRNA in an Akt-dependent manner. COX-2 promoter analysis in luciferase reporter constructs showed that HGF regulation required the beta-catenin-responsive T cell factor-4 binding element (TBE). The HGF activation of the COX-2 gene transcription was blocked by DN mutant of beta-catenin or by inhibitors that blocked activation of Akt. Inhibition of p42/p44 MAPK pathway blocked HGF-mediated activation of beta-catenin gene transcription but not Akt activation, suggesting that p42/p44 MAPK acts in a parallel mechanism for beta-catenin activation. We also found that inhibition of COX-2 with NS-398 blocked HGF-induced growth in HBEpC. Together, the results show that the HGF increases COX-2 gene expression via an Akt-, MAPK-, and beta-catenin-dependent pathway in HBEpC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young H Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, USA
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Siegfried JM, Gubish CT, Rothstein ME, Queiroz de Oliveira PE, Stabile LP. Signaling pathways involved in cyclooxygenase-2 induction by hepatocyte growth factor in non small-cell lung cancer. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 72:769-79. [PMID: 17550984 DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.034215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have suggested a role for the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met pathway in tumorigenesis. Some actions of HGF are believed to be mediated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), resulting in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)). We examined four c-Met-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines for effects of HGF on COX-2. HGF increased COX-2 protein expression 3-fold over basal levels. Induction of COX-2 occurred through both the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 pathways. HGF treatment caused activation of the activator protein-1, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein, and cAMP response element-binding protein transcription factors, and COX-2 induction was blocked by actinomycin D. The half-life of COX-2 mRNA was also increased by HGF. HGF stimulation resulted in a 4-fold increase in PGE(2) secretion, and treatment of NSCLC cells with exogenous PGE(2) significantly increased cell proliferation. The addition of PGE(2) to NSCLC cells also led to rapid phosphorylation of c-Met in the absence of HGF, which was blocked by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition. EGFR ligands were released in response to PGE(2). This suggests that secretion of PGE(2) induced by HGF/c-Met pathway activation can further activate the c-Met pathway via EGFR in a reinforcing loop that is independent of HGF. HGF and PGE(2) each significantly stimulated invasion in NSCLC cells. Cells transiently transfected with c-Met antisense plasmid showed a significant decrease in HGF- or PGE(2)-induced invasion. PGE(2)-induced invasion was EGFR-dependent, confirming a link between PGE(2), EGFR, and c-Met. Targeting of both the HGF/c-Met and PGE(2) pathways with a neutralizing antibody to HGF and celecoxib resulted in enhanced anti-invasion effects in response to HGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Siegfried
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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