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Miller JL, Reddy A, Harman RM, Van de Walle GR. A xenotransplantation mouse model to study physiology of the mammary gland from large mammals. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298390. [PMID: 38416747 PMCID: PMC10901318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Although highly conserved in structure and function, many (patho)physiological processes of the mammary gland vary drastically between mammals, with mechanisms regulating these differences not well understood. Large mammals display variable lactation strategies and mammary cancer incidence, however, research into these variations is often limited to in vitro analysis due to logistical limitations. Validating a model with functional mammary xenografts from cryopreserved tissue fragments would allow for in vivo comparative analysis of mammary glands from large and/or rare mammals and would improve our understanding of postnatal development, lactation, and premalignancy across mammals. To this end, we generated functional mammary xenografts using mammary tissue fragments containing mammary stroma and parenchyma isolated via an antibody-independent approach from healthy, nulliparous equine and canine donor tissues to study these species in vivo. Cryopreserved mammary tissue fragments were xenotransplanted into de-epithelialized fat pads of immunodeficient mice and resulting xenografts were structurally and functionally assessed. Preimplantation of mammary stromal fibroblasts was performed to promote ductal morphogenesis. Xenografts recapitulated mammary lobule architecture and contained donor-derived stromal components. Mammatropic hormone stimulation resulted in (i) upregulation of lactation-associated genes, (ii) altered proliferation index, and (iii) morphological changes, indicating functionality. Preimplantation of mammary stromal fibroblasts did not promote ductal morphogenesis. This model presents the opportunity to study novel mechanisms regulating unique lactation strategies and mammary cancer induction in vivo. Due to the universal applicability of this approach, this model serves as proof-of-concept for developing mammary xenografts for in vivo analysis of virtually any mammals, including large and rare mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Miller
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Reddy
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Rebecca M Harman
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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Promny T, Kutz CS, Jost T, Distel LV, Kadam S, Schmid R, Arkudas A, Horch RE, Kengelbach-Weigand A. An In Vitro Approach for Investigating the Safety of Lipotransfer after Breast-Conserving Therapy. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081284. [PMID: 36013233 PMCID: PMC9409821 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of lipotransfer after breast-conserving therapy (BCT) and irradiation in breast cancer patients is an already widespread procedure for reconstructing volume deficits of the diseased breast. Nevertheless, the safety of lipotransfer has still not been clarified yet due to contradictory data. The goal of this in vitro study was to further elucidate the potential effects of lipotransfer on the irradiated remaining breast tissue. The mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10A was co-cultured with the fibroblast cell line MRC-5 and irradiated with 2 and 5 Gy. Afterwards, cells were treated with conditioned medium (CM) from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC), and the effects on the cellular functions of MCF-10A cells and on gene expression at the mRNA level in MCF-10A and MRC-5 cells were analyzed. Treatment with ADSC CM stimulated transmigration and invasion and decreased the surviving fraction of MCF-10A cells. Further, the expression of cytokines, extracellular, and mesenchymal markers was enhanced in mammary epithelial cells. Only an effect of ADSC CM on irradiated fibroblasts could be observed. The present data suggest epithelial–mesenchymal transition-like changes in the epithelial mammary breast cell line. Thus, the benefits of lipotransfer after BCT should be critically weighed against its possible risks for the affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Promny
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-853327
| | - Chiara-Sophia Kutz
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tina Jost
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luitpold V. Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sheetal Kadam
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rafael Schmid
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raymund E. Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annika Kengelbach-Weigand
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Dai X, Wang X, Yang C, Huang M, Zhou Z, Qu Y, Cui X, Liu R, Chen C. Human fibroblasts facilitate the generation of iPSCs-derived mammary-like organoids. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:377. [PMID: 35902878 PMCID: PMC9330643 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, and its treatment largely depends on mastectomy. Patients after mastectomy suffer from crippled body image, self-esteem, and quality of life. Post-mastectomy breast reconstruction can improve patients’ psychosocial health. Although silicone and fat have been widely used for breast reconstruction, they have remarkable limitations. Our study aimed to establish an improved method for breast reconstruction from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Methods We used a two-step procedure to induce mammary-like organoids (MLOs) from iPSCs and applied transcriptome sequencing to analyze the gene expression profiles during the development process from embryoid bodies (mEBs) to MLOs. Moreover, we evaluated the in vitro effect of fibroblasts cell line HFF (human foreskin fibroblasts) on the size and morphology of MLOs and explored the in vivo effect of HFF on regeneration rate of MLOs. Results MLOs had a similar gene expression profile and morphogenesis as the normal mammary glands. Furthermore, the addition of HFF increases the branching ratio and organoid diameters and facilitates the formation of multiple cell layers duct-like structures in MLOs in vitro. Finally, orthotopical transplantation of the MLOs to cleared mammary gland fad pad of NSG mice showed that HFF increases the formation of mammary gland-like structures. Conclusions Fibroblasts facilitate iPSC-derived MLOs to generate mammary gland-like structures in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Our findings lay a foundation for breast reconstruction by using iPSCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03023-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Chuanyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Maobo Huang
- Biomedical Research Center, The First Hospital of Kunming (The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University), Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Zhongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis Building 2065, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis Building 2065, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China. .,Translational Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.
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4
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Biological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities in Mammographic Density and Breast Cancer Risk. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215391. [PMID: 34771552 PMCID: PMC8582527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammographic density is an important risk factor for breast cancer; women with extremely dense breasts have a four to six fold increased risk of breast cancer compared to women with mostly fatty breasts, when matched with age and body mass index. High mammographic density is characterised by high proportions of stroma, containing fibroblasts, collagen and immune cells that suggest a pro-tumour inflammatory microenvironment. However, the biological mechanisms that drive increased mammographic density and the associated increased risk of breast cancer are not yet understood. Inflammatory factors such as monocyte chemotactic protein 1, peroxidase enzymes, transforming growth factor beta, and tumour necrosis factor alpha have been implicated in breast development as well as breast cancer risk, and also influence functions of stromal fibroblasts. Here, the current knowledge and understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms that lead to high mammographic density and the associated increased risk of breast cancer are reviewed, with particular consideration to potential immune factors that may contribute to this process.
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Protein Ligands in the Secretome of CD36 + Fibroblasts Induce Growth Suppression in a Subset of Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184521. [PMID: 34572749 PMCID: PMC8469330 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Human breast cancers are not fully autonomous. They are dependent on nutrients and growth-promoting signals provided by stromal cells. In order to instruct the surrounding cells to provide essential growth factors, cancer cells co-opt normal signaling molecules and mechanisms. To inhibit or potentially reverse tumor growth, our goal is to emulate this signaling and reprogram the microenvironment. For example, in a healthy mammary gland, fibroblasts (FBs) overexpress CD36; and the downregulation of CD36 is one of the hallmarks of cancer-associated FBs. Therefore, in this project, we hypothesized that signaling from CD36+ FBs could cause growth suppression in a subset of breast cancer cell lines. We then designed a series of experiments to validate this growth suppression and identified responsible secreted factors by the CD36+ FBs. These experiments suggested that three protein ligands are primarily responsible for growth suppression in a subset of breast cancer cell lines. Abstract Reprogramming the tumor stroma is an emerging approach to circumventing the challenges of conventional cancer therapies. This strategy, however, is hampered by the lack of a specific molecular target. We previously reported that stromal fibroblasts (FBs) with high expression of CD36 could be utilized for this purpose. These studies are now expanded to identify the secreted factors responsible for tumor suppression. Methodologies included 3D colonies, fluorescent microscopy coupled with quantitative techniques, proteomics profiling, and bioinformatics analysis. The results indicated that the conditioned medium (CM) of the CD36+ FBs caused growth suppression via apoptosis in the triple-negative cell lines of MDA-MB-231, BT549, and Hs578T, but not in the ERBB2+ SKBR3. Following the proteomics and bioinformatic analysis of the CM of CD36+ versus CD36− FBs, we determined KLF10 as one of the transcription factors responsible for growth suppression. We also identified FBLN1, SLIT3, and PENK as active ligands, where their minimum effective concentrations were determined. Finally, in MDA-MB-231, we showed that a mixture of FBLN1, SLIT3, and PENK could induce an amount of growth suppression similar to the CM of CD36+ FBs. In conclusion, our findings suggest that these ligands, secreted by CD36+ FBs, can be targeted for breast cancer treatment.
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Augimeri G, Gelsomino L, Plastina P, Giordano C, Barone I, Catalano S, Andò S, Bonofiglio D. Natural and Synthetic PPARγ Ligands in Tumor Microenvironment: A New Potential Strategy against Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9721. [PMID: 33352766 PMCID: PMC7767156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence indicate that activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) by natural or synthetic ligands exerts tumor suppressive effects in different types of cancer, including breast carcinoma. Over the past decades a new picture of breast cancer as a complex disease consisting of neoplastic epithelial cells and surrounding stroma named the tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged. Indeed, TME is now recognized as a pivotal element for breast cancer development and progression. Novel strategies targeting both epithelial and stromal components are under development or undergoing clinical trials. In this context, the aim of the present review is to summarize PPARγ activity in breast TME focusing on the role of this receptor on both epithelial/stromal cells and extracellular matrix components of the breast cancer microenvironment. The information provided from the in vitro and in vivo research indicates PPARγ ligands as potential agents with regards to the battle against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Augimeri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (L.G.); (P.P.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (L.G.); (P.P.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Pierluigi Plastina
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (L.G.); (P.P.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (L.G.); (P.P.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (L.G.); (P.P.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (L.G.); (P.P.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (L.G.); (P.P.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (L.G.); (P.P.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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Avagliano A, Fiume G, Ruocco MR, Martucci N, Vecchio E, Insabato L, Russo D, Accurso A, Masone S, Montagnani S, Arcucci A. Influence of Fibroblasts on Mammary Gland Development, Breast Cancer Microenvironment Remodeling, and Cancer Cell Dissemination. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1697. [PMID: 32604738 PMCID: PMC7352995 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The stromal microenvironment regulates mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. In normal mammary glands, the stromal microenvironment encompasses the ducts and contains fibroblasts, the main regulators of branching morphogenesis. Understanding the way fibroblast signaling pathways regulate mammary gland development may offer insights into the mechanisms of breast cancer (BC) biology. In fact, the unregulated mammary fibroblast signaling pathways, associated with alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and branching morphogenesis, drive breast cancer microenvironment (BCM) remodeling and cancer growth. The BCM comprises a very heterogeneous tissue containing non-cancer stromal cells, namely, breast cancer-associated fibroblasts (BCAFs), which represent most of the tumor mass. Moreover, the different components of the BCM highly interact with cancer cells, thereby generating a tightly intertwined network. In particular, BC cells activate recruited normal fibroblasts in BCAFs, which, in turn, promote BCM remodeling and metastasis. Thus, comparing the roles of normal fibroblasts and BCAFs in the physiological and metastatic processes, could provide a deeper understanding of the signaling pathways regulating BC dissemination. Here, we review the latest literature describing the structure of the mammary gland and the BCM and summarize the influence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EpMT) and autophagy in BC dissemination. Finally, we discuss the roles of fibroblasts and BCAFs in mammary gland development and BCM remodeling, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Avagliano
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.F.); (E.V.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Ruocco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nunzia Martucci
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Eleonora Vecchio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.F.); (E.V.)
| | - Luigi Insabato
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.I.); (D.R.)
| | - Daniela Russo
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.I.); (D.R.)
| | - Antonello Accurso
- Department of General, Oncological, Bariatric and Endocrine-Metabolic Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Stefania Masone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Stefania Montagnani
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Alessandro Arcucci
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (S.M.)
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Morgan MM, Schuler LA, Ciciliano JC, Johnson BP, Alarid ET, Beebe DJ. Modeling chemical effects on breast cancer: the importance of the microenvironment in vitro. Integr Biol (Camb) 2020; 12:21-33. [PMID: 32118264 PMCID: PMC7060306 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that our ability to predict chemical effects on breast cancer is limited by a lack of physiologically relevant in vitro models; the typical in vitro breast cancer model consists of the cancer cell and excludes the mammary microenvironment. As the effects of the microenvironment on cancer cell behavior becomes more understood, researchers have called for the integration of the microenvironment into in vitro chemical testing systems. However, given the complexity of the microenvironment and the variety of platforms to choose from, identifying the essential parameters to include in a chemical testing platform is challenging. This review discusses the need for more complex in vitro breast cancer models and outlines different approaches used to model breast cancer in vitro. We provide examples of the microenvironment modulating breast cancer cell responses to chemicals and discuss strategies to help pinpoint what components should be included in a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly M Morgan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Linda A Schuler
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jordan C Ciciliano
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brian P Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elaine T Alarid
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Collagen Fiber Array of Peritumoral Stroma Influences Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Invasive Potential of Mammary Cancer Cells. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020213. [PMID: 30736469 PMCID: PMC6406296 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions of cancer cells with matrix macromolecules of the surrounding tumor stroma are critical to mediate invasion and metastasis. In this study, we reproduced the collagen mechanical barriers in vitro (i.e., basement membrane, lamina propria under basement membrane, and deeper bundled collagen fibers with different array). These were used in 3D cell cultures to define their effects on morphology and behavior of breast cancer cells with different metastatic potential (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) using scanning electron microscope (SEM). We demonstrated that breast cancer cells cultured in 2D and 3D cultures on different collagen substrates show different morphologies: i) a globular/spherical shape, ii) a flattened polygonal shape, and iii) elongated/fusiform and spindle-like shapes. The distribution of different cell shapes changed with the distinct collagen fiber/fibril physical array and size. Dense collagen fibers, parallel to the culture plane, do not allow the invasion of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, which, however, show increases of microvilli and microvesicles, respectively. These novel data highlight the regulatory role of different fibrillar collagen arrays in modifying breast cancer cell shape, inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, changing matrix composition and modulating the production of extracellular vesicles. Further investigation utilizing this in vitro model will help to demonstrate the biological roles of matrix macromolecules in cancer cell invasion in vivo.
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Nelson AC, Machado HL, Schwertfeger KL. Breaking through to the Other Side: Microenvironment Contributions to DCIS Initiation and Progression. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2018; 23:207-221. [PMID: 30168075 PMCID: PMC6237657 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-018-9409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Refinements in early detection, surgical and radiation therapy, and hormone receptor-targeted treatments have improved the survival rates for breast cancer patients. However, the ability to reliably identify which non-invasive lesions and localized tumors have the ability to progress and/or metastasize remains a major unmet need in the field. The current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies focus on intrinsic alterations within carcinoma cells that are closely associated with proliferation. However, substantial accumulating evidence has indicated that permissive changes in the stromal tissues surrounding the carcinoma play an integral role in breast cancer tumor initiation and progression. Numerous studies have suggested that the stromal environment surrounding ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions actively contributes to enhancing tumor cell invasion and immune escape. This review will describe the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanisms through which the microenvironment interacts with DCIS lesions focusing on recent studies that describe the contributions of myoepithelial cells, fibroblasts and immune cells to invasion and subsequent progression. These mechanisms will be considered in the context of developing biomarkers for identifying lesions that will progress to invasive carcinoma and/or developing approaches for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Nelson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Heather L Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Schwertfeger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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11
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Cazet AS, Hui MN, Elsworth BL, Wu SZ, Roden D, Chan CL, Skhinas JN, Collot R, Yang J, Harvey K, Johan MZ, Cooper C, Nair R, Herrmann D, McFarland A, Deng N, Ruiz-Borrego M, Rojo F, Trigo JM, Bezares S, Caballero R, Lim E, Timpson P, O'Toole S, Watkins DN, Cox TR, Samuel MS, Martín M, Swarbrick A. Targeting stromal remodeling and cancer stem cell plasticity overcomes chemoresistance in triple negative breast cancer. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 30042390 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05220-6.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular basis of stromal cell recruitment, activation and crosstalk in carcinomas is poorly understood, limiting the development of targeted anti-stromal therapies. In mouse models of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), Hedgehog ligand produced by neoplastic cells reprograms cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to provide a supportive niche for the acquisition of a chemo-resistant, cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype via FGF5 expression and production of fibrillar collagen. Stromal treatment of patient-derived xenografts with smoothened inhibitors (SMOi) downregulates CSC markers expression and sensitizes tumors to docetaxel, leading to markedly improved survival and reduced metastatic burden. In the phase I clinical trial EDALINE, 3 of 12 patients with metastatic TNBC derived clinical benefit from combination therapy with the SMOi Sonidegib and docetaxel chemotherapy, with one patient experiencing a complete response. These studies identify Hedgehog signaling to CAFs as a novel mediator of CSC plasticity and an exciting new therapeutic target in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie S Cazet
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Mun N Hui
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Chris O' Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Elsworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Sunny Z Wu
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Daniel Roden
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Chia-Ling Chan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Joanna N Skhinas
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Raphaël Collot
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Jessica Yang
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Kate Harvey
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - M Zahied Johan
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Caroline Cooper
- Pathology Queensland and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Radhika Nair
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud Post, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - David Herrmann
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Andrea McFarland
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Niantao Deng
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Manuel Ruiz-Borrego
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Trigo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, IBIMA, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Susana Bezares
- GEICAM, Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, 28703, Spain
| | | | - Elgene Lim
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital, 2010, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sandra O'Toole
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - D Neil Watkins
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital, 2010, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas R Cox
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Michael S Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Miguel Martín
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, CIBERONC-ISCIII, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexander Swarbrick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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12
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Cazet AS, Hui MN, Elsworth BL, Wu SZ, Roden D, Chan CL, Skhinas JN, Collot R, Yang J, Harvey K, Johan MZ, Cooper C, Nair R, Herrmann D, McFarland A, Deng N, Ruiz-Borrego M, Rojo F, Trigo JM, Bezares S, Caballero R, Lim E, Timpson P, O'Toole S, Watkins DN, Cox TR, Samuel MS, Martín M, Swarbrick A. Targeting stromal remodeling and cancer stem cell plasticity overcomes chemoresistance in triple negative breast cancer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2897. [PMID: 30042390 PMCID: PMC6057940 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular basis of stromal cell recruitment, activation and crosstalk in carcinomas is poorly understood, limiting the development of targeted anti-stromal therapies. In mouse models of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), Hedgehog ligand produced by neoplastic cells reprograms cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to provide a supportive niche for the acquisition of a chemo-resistant, cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype via FGF5 expression and production of fibrillar collagen. Stromal treatment of patient-derived xenografts with smoothened inhibitors (SMOi) downregulates CSC markers expression and sensitizes tumors to docetaxel, leading to markedly improved survival and reduced metastatic burden. In the phase I clinical trial EDALINE, 3 of 12 patients with metastatic TNBC derived clinical benefit from combination therapy with the SMOi Sonidegib and docetaxel chemotherapy, with one patient experiencing a complete response. These studies identify Hedgehog signaling to CAFs as a novel mediator of CSC plasticity and an exciting new therapeutic target in TNBC. Stromal cell recruitment, activation and crosstalk with cancer cells is poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that cancer cell-derived Hedgehog ligand triggers stromal remodeling that in turn induces a cancer-stem-cell like, drug-resistant phenotype of nearby cancer cells while treatment with smoothened inhibitors reverses these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie S Cazet
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Mun N Hui
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Chris O' Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Elsworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Sunny Z Wu
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Daniel Roden
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Chia-Ling Chan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Joanna N Skhinas
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Raphaël Collot
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Jessica Yang
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Kate Harvey
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - M Zahied Johan
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Caroline Cooper
- Pathology Queensland and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Radhika Nair
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud Post, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - David Herrmann
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Andrea McFarland
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Niantao Deng
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Manuel Ruiz-Borrego
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Trigo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, IBIMA, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Susana Bezares
- GEICAM, Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, 28703, Spain
| | | | - Elgene Lim
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital, 2010, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sandra O'Toole
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - D Neil Watkins
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital, 2010, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas R Cox
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Michael S Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Miguel Martín
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, CIBERONC-ISCIII, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexander Swarbrick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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13
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Davies AE, Albeck JG. Microenvironmental Signals and Biochemical Information Processing: Cooperative Determinants of Intratumoral Plasticity and Heterogeneity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:44. [PMID: 29732370 PMCID: PMC5921997 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-tumor cellular heterogeneity is a major challenge in cancer therapy. Tumors are composed of multiple phenotypic subpopulations that vary in their ability to initiate metastatic tumors and in their sensitivity to chemotherapy. In many cases, cells can transition between these subpopulations, not by genetic mutation, but instead through reversible changes in signal transduction or gene expression programs. This plasticity begins at the level of the microenvironment where local autocrine and paracrine signals, exosomes, tumor–stroma interactions, and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition create a signaling landscape that varies over space and time. The integration of this complex array of signals engages signaling pathways that control gene expression. The resulting modulation of gene expression programs causes individual cells to sample a wide array of phenotypic states that support tumor growth, dissemination, and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we discuss how information flows dynamically within the microenvironmental landscape to inform cell state decisions and to create intra-tumoral heterogeneity. We address the role of plasticity in the acquisition of transient and prolonged drug resistant states and discuss how targeted pharmacological modification of the signaling landscape may be able to constrain phenotypic plasticity, leading to improved treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Davies
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - John G Albeck
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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14
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Hajipour Verdom B, Abdolmaleki P, Behmanesh M. The Static Magnetic Field Remotely Boosts the Efficiency of Doxorubicin through Modulating ROS Behaviors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:990. [PMID: 29343746 PMCID: PMC5772617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to magnetic field (MF) can affect cellular metabolism remotely. Cardio-toxic effects of Doxorubicin (DOXO) have limited clinical uses at high dose. MF due to its effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) lifetime, may provide a suitable choice to boost the efficacy of this drug at low dose. Here, we investigated the potential effects of homogenous static magnetic field (SMF) on DOXO-induced toxicity and proliferation rate of cancer cells. The results indicated that SMF similar to DOXO decreased the cell viability as well as the proliferation rate of MCF-7 and HFF cells. Moreover, combination of 10 mT SMF and 0.1 µM DOXO decreased the viability and proliferation rate of cancer and normal cells in a synergetic manner. In spite of high a GSH level in cancer cell, SMF boosts the generation and lifetime of ROS at low dose of DOXO, and overcame to GSH mediated drug resistance. The results also confirmed that SMF exposure decreased 50% iron content of cells, which is attributed to iron homeostasis. In conclusion, these findings suggest that SMF can decrease required dose of chemotherapy drugs such as DOXO and thereby decrease their side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Hajipour Verdom
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Abdolmaleki
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Behmanesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
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15
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Growth of hollow cell spheroids in microbead templated chambers. Biomaterials 2017; 143:57-64. [PMID: 28763630 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cells form hollow, spheroidal structures during the development of many tissues, including the ocular lens, inner ear, and many glands. Therefore, techniques for in vitro formation of hollow spheroids are valued for studying developmental and disease processes. Current in vitro methods require cells to self-organize into hollow morphologies; we explored an alternative strategy based on cell growth in predefined, spherical scaffolds. Our method uses sacrificial, gelatin microbeads to simultaneously template spherical chambers within a hydrogel and deliver cells into the chambers. We use mouse lens epithelial cells to demonstrate that cells can populate the internal surfaces of the chambers within a week to create numerous hollow spheroids. The platform supports manipulation of matrix mechanics, curvature, and biochemical composition to mimic in vivo microenvironments. It also provides a starting point for engineering organoids of tissues that develop from hollow spheroids.
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16
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Gelaleti GB, Borin TF, Maschio-Signorini LB, Moschetta MG, Jardim-Perassi BV, Calvinho GB, Facchini MC, Viloria-Petit AM, de Campos Zuccari DAP. Efficacy of melatonin, IL-25 and siIL-17B in tumorigenesis-associated properties of breast cancer cell lines. Life Sci 2017. [PMID: 28624391 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mammary tumorigenesis can be modulated by melatonin, which has oncostatic action mediated by multiple mechanisms, including the inhibition of the activity of transcription factors such as NF-κB and modulation of interleukins (ILs) expression. IL-25 is an active cytokine that induces apoptosis in tumor cells due to differential expression of its receptor (IL-17RB). IL-17B competes with IL-25 for binding to IL-17RB in tumor cells, promoting tumorigenesis. This study purpose is to address the possibility of engaging IL-25/IL-17RB signaling to enhance the effect of melatonin on breast cancer cells. Breast cancer cell lines were cultured monolayers and 3D structures and treated with melatonin, IL-25, siIL-17B, each alone or in combination. Cell viability, gene and protein expression of caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and VEGF-A were performed by qPCR and immunofluorescence. In addition, an apoptosis membrane array was performed in metastatic cells. Treatments with melatonin and IL-25 significantly reduced tumor cells viability at 1mM and 1ng/mL, respectively, but did not alter cell viability of a non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line (MCF-10A). All treatments, alone and combined, significantly increased cleaved caspase-3 in tumor cells grown as monolayers and 3D structures (p<0.05). Semi-quantitative analysis of apoptosis pathway proteins showed an increase of CYTO-C, DR6, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-5, IGFPB-6, IGF-1, IGF-1R, Livin, P21, P53, TNFRII, XIAP and hTRA proteins and reduction of caspase-3 (p<0.05) after melatonin treatment. All treatments reduced VEGF-A protein expression in tumor cells (p<0.05). Our results suggest therapeutic potential, with oncostatic effectiveness, pro-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic properties for melatonin and IL-25-driven signaling in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Bottaro Gelaleti
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP/IBILCE), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP). Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thaiz Ferraz Borin
- Tumor Imaging Angiogenesis Laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.
| | - Larissa Bazela Maschio-Signorini
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP). Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marina Gobbe Moschetta
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP). Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Victorasso Jardim-Perassi
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP). Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Berto Calvinho
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP). Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Castilho Facchini
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP). Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alicia M Viloria-Petit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Debora Aparecida Pires de Campos Zuccari
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP/IBILCE), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP). Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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17
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Koledova Z, Lu P. A 3D Fibroblast-Epithelium Co-culture Model for Understanding Microenvironmental Role in Branching Morphogenesis of the Mammary Gland. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1501:217-231. [PMID: 27796955 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6475-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland consists of numerous tissue compartments, including mammary epithelium, an array of stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Bidirectional interactions between the epithelium and its surrounding stroma are essential for proper mammary gland development and homeostasis, whereas their deregulation leads to developmental abnormalities and cancer. To study the relationships between the epithelium and the stroma, development of models that could recapitulate essential aspects of these interacting systems in vitro has become necessary. Here we describe a three-dimensional (3D) co-culture assay and show that the addition of fibroblasts to mammary organoid cultures promotes the epithelium to undergo branching morphogenesis, thus allowing the role of the stromal microenvironment to be examined in this essential developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Koledova
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. .,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA. .,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 319 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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18
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Smolina M, Goormaghtigh E. FTIR imaging of the 3D extracellular matrix used to grow colonies of breast cancer cell lines. Analyst 2016; 141:620-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01997d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Infrared imaging was applied to investigate a reconstituted basement membrane, known as Matrigel, in three-dimensional cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Smolina
- Laboratory for the Structure and Function of Biological Membranes
- Center for Structural Biology and Bioinformatics
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Erik Goormaghtigh
- Laboratory for the Structure and Function of Biological Membranes
- Center for Structural Biology and Bioinformatics
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
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19
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Inman JL, Robertson C, Mott JD, Bissell MJ. Mammary gland development: cell fate specification, stem cells and the microenvironment. Development 2015; 142:1028-42. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.087643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of the mammary gland is unique: the final stages of development occur postnatally at puberty under the influence of hormonal cues. Furthermore, during the life of the female, the mammary gland can undergo many rounds of expansion and proliferation. The mammary gland thus provides an excellent model for studying the ‘stem/progenitor’ cells that allow this repeated expansion and renewal. In this Review, we provide an overview of the different cell types that constitute the mammary gland, and discuss how these cell types arise and differentiate. As cellular differentiation cannot occur without proper signals, we also describe how the tissue microenvironment influences mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Inman
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Claire Robertson
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Joni D. Mott
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mina J. Bissell
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Burleigh A, McKinney S, Brimhall J, Yap D, Eirew P, Poon S, Ng V, Wan A, Prentice L, Annab L, Barrett JC, Caldas C, Eaves C, Aparicio S. A co-culture genome-wide RNAi screen with mammary epithelial cells reveals transmembrane signals required for growth and differentiation. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:4. [PMID: 25572802 PMCID: PMC4322558 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extracellular signals regulating mammary epithelial cell growth are of relevance to understanding the pathophysiology of mammary epithelia, yet they remain poorly characterized. In this study, we applied an unbiased approach to understanding the functional role of signalling molecules in several models of normal physiological growth and translated these results to the biological understanding of breast cancer subtypes. METHODS We developed and utilized a cytogenetically normal clonal line of hTERT immortalized human mammary epithelial cells in a fibroblast-enhanced co-culture assay to conduct a genome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen for evaluation of the functional effect of silencing each gene. Our selected endpoint was inhibition of growth. In rigorous postscreen validation processes, including quantitative RT-PCR, to ensure on-target silencing, deconvolution of pooled siRNAs and independent confirmation of effects with lentiviral short-hairpin RNA constructs, we identified a subset of genes required for mammary epithelial cell growth. Using three-dimensional Matrigel growth and differentiation assays and primary human mammary epithelial cell colony assays, we confirmed that these growth effects were not limited to the 184-hTERT cell line. We utilized the METABRIC dataset of 1,998 breast cancer patients to evaluate both the differential expression of these genes across breast cancer subtypes and their prognostic significance. RESULTS We identified 47 genes that are critically important for fibroblast-enhanced mammary epithelial cell growth. This group was enriched for several axonal guidance molecules and G protein-coupled receptors, as well as for the endothelin receptor PROCR. The majority of genes (43 of 47) identified in two dimensions were also required for three-dimensional growth, with HSD17B2, SNN and PROCR showing greater than tenfold reductions in acinar formation. Several genes, including PROCR and the neuronal pathfinding molecules EFNA4 and NTN1, were also required for proper differentiation and polarization in three-dimensional cultures. The 47 genes identified showed a significant nonrandom enrichment for differential expression among 10 molecular subtypes of breast cancer sampled from 1,998 patients. CD79A, SERPINH1, KCNJ5 and TMEM14C exhibited breast cancer subtype-independent overall survival differences. CONCLUSION Diverse transmembrane signals are required for mammary epithelial cell growth in two-dimensional and three-dimensional conditions. Strikingly, we define novel roles for axonal pathfinding receptors and ligands and the endothelin receptor in both growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Burleigh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Steven McKinney
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Jazmine Brimhall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Damian Yap
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Peter Eirew
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Steven Poon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Viola Ng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Adrian Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Leah Prentice
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Centre for Translational and Applied Genomics, BC Cancer Agency, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada.
| | - Lois Annab
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Section, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - J Carl Barrett
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute and Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shin Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
| | - Connie Eaves
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Samuel Aparicio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
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