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Behbod F, Chen JH, Thompson A. Human Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Advances and Future Perspectives. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041319. [PMID: 36781223 PMCID: PMC10547390 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to widespread adoption of screening mammography, there has been a significant increase in new diagnoses of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). However, DCIS outcomes remain unclear. A large fraction of human DCIS (>50%) may not need the multimodality treatment options currently offered to all DCIS patients. More importantly, while we may be overtreating many, we cannot identify those most at risk of invasion or metastasis following a DCIS diagnosis. This review summarizes the studies that have furthered our understanding of DCIS pathology and mechanisms of invasive progression by using advanced technologies including spatial genomics, transcriptomics, and multiplex proteomics. This review also highlights a need for rethinking DCIS with a more focused view on epithelial states and programs and their cross talk with the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Behbod
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MS 3045, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Jennifer H Chen
- Michael E. Debakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Alastair Thompson
- Section of Breast Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Co-Director, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Wang L, Luo R, Chen Y, Liu H, Guan W, Li R, Zhang Z, Duan S, Wang D. Breast Cancer Growth on Serial MRI: Volume Doubling Time Based on 3-Dimensional Tumor Volume Assessment. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 58:1303-1313. [PMID: 36876593 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The volume doubling time (VDT) of breast cancer was most frequently calculated using the two-dimensional (2D) diameter, which is not reliable for irregular tumors. It was rarely investigated using three-dimensional (3D) imaging with tumor volume on serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PURPOSE To investigate the VDT of breast cancer using 3D tumor volume assessment on serial breast MRIs. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. SUBJECTS Sixty women (age at diagnosis: 57 ± 10 years) with breast cancer, assessed by two or more breast MRI examinations. The median interval time was 791 days (range: 70-3654 days). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3-T, fast spin-echo T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), single-shot echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and gradient echo dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging. ASSESSMENT Three radiologists independently reviewed the morphological, DWI, and T2WI features of lesions. The whole tumor was segmented to measure the volume on contrast-enhanced images. The exponential growth model was fitted in the 11 patients with at least three MRI examinations. The VDT of breast cancer was calculated using the modified Schwartz equation. STATISTICAL TESTS Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-squared test, intraclass correlation coefficients, and Fleiss kappa coefficients. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The exponential growth model was evaluated using the adjusted R2 and root mean square error (RMSE). RESULTS The median tumor diameter was 9.7 mm and 15.2 mm on the initial and final MRI, respectively. The median adjusted R2 and RMSE of the 11 exponential models were 0.97 and 15.8, respectively. The median VDT was 540 days (range: 68-2424 days). For invasive ductal carcinoma (N = 33), the median VDT of the non-luminal type was shorter than that of the luminal type (178 days vs. 478 days). On initial MRI, breast cancer manifesting as a focus or mass lesion showed a shorter VDT than that of a non-mass enhancement (NME) lesion (median VDT: 426 days vs. 665 days). DATA CONCLUSION A shorter VDT was observed in breast cancer manifesting as focus or mass as compared to an NME lesion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Luo
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Guan
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaofeng Duan
- GE Healthcare, Precision Health Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Dengbin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Cohen A, Gotnayer L, Gal S, Aranovich D, Vidavsky N. Multicellular spheroids containing synthetic mineral particles: an advanced 3D tumor model system to investigate breast precancer malignancy potential according to the mineral type. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8033-8045. [PMID: 37534429 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00439b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Mineral particles that form in soft tissues in association with disease conditions are heterogeneous in their composition and physiochemical properties. Hence, it is challenging to study the effect of mineral type on disease progression in a high-throughput and realistic manner. For example, most early breast precancer lesions, termed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), contain microcalcifications (MCs), calcium-containing pathological minerals. The most common type of MCs is calcium phosphate crystals, mainly carbonated apatite; it is associated with either benign or malignant lesions. In vitro studies indicate that the crystal properties of apatite MCs can affect breast cancer progression. A less common type of MCs is calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), which is almost always found in benign lesions. We developed a 3D tumor model of multicellular spheroids of human precancer cells containing synthetic MC analogs that link the crystal properties of MCs with the progression of breast precancer to invasive cancer. Using this 3D model, we show that apatite crystals induce Her2 overexpression in DCIS cells. This tumor-triggering effect is increased when the carbonate fraction in the MCs decreases. COD crystals, in contrast, decrease Her2 expression in the spheroids, even compared with a control group with no added MC analogs. Furthermore, COD decreases cell proliferation and migration in DCIS monolayers compared to untreated cells and cells incubated with apatite crystals. This finding suggests that COD is not randomly located only in benign lesions-it may actively contribute to suppressing precancer progression in its surroundings. Our model provides an easy-to-manipulate platform to better understand the interactions between mineral particles and their biological microenvironment. A better understanding of the effect of the crystal properties of MCs on precancer progression will potentially provide new directions for better precancer prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Cohen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Lotem Gotnayer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Sahar Gal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Dina Aranovich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Netta Vidavsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Miceli R, Mercado CL, Hernandez O, Chhor C. Active Surveillance for Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia and Ductal Carcinoma In Situ. J Breast Imaging 2023; 5:396-415. [PMID: 38416903 DOI: 10.1093/jbi/wbad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are relatively common breast lesions on the same spectrum of disease. Atypical ductal hyperblasia is a nonmalignant, high-risk lesion, and DCIS is a noninvasive malignancy. While a benefit of screening mammography is early cancer detection, it also leads to increased biopsy diagnosis of noninvasive lesions. Previously, treatment guidelines for both entities included surgical excision because of the risk of upgrade to invasive cancer after surgery and risk of progression to invasive cancer for DCIS. However, this universal management approach is not optimal for all patients because most lesions are not upgraded after surgery. Furthermore, some DCIS lesions do not progress to clinically significant invasive cancer. Overtreatment of high-risk lesions and DCIS is considered a burden on patients and clinicians and is a strain on the health care system. Extensive research has identified many potential histologic, clinical, and imaging factors that may predict ADH and DCIS upgrade and thereby help clinicians select which patients should undergo surgery and which may be appropriate for active surveillance (AS) with imaging. Additionally, multiple clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate whether AS for DCIS is feasible for a select group of patients. Recent advances in MRI, artificial intelligence, and molecular markers may also have an important role to play in stratifying patients and delineating best management guidelines. This review article discusses the available evidence regarding the feasibility and limitations of AS for ADH and DCIS, as well as recent advances in patient risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Miceli
- NYU Langone Health, Department of Radiology, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Chloe Chhor
- NYU Langone Health, Department of Radiology, New York, NY, USA
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Szpor J, Streb J, Glajcar A, Streb-Smoleń A, Łazarczyk A, Korta P, Brzuszkiewicz K, Jach R, Hodorowicz-Zaniewska D. Dendritic Cell Subpopulations Are Associated with Morphological Features of Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9918. [PMID: 37373062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the preinvasive form of breast cancer (BC). It is disputed whether all cases of DCIS require extensive treatment as the overall risk of progression to BC is estimated at 40%. Therefore, the crucial objective for researchers is to identify DCIS with significant risk of transformation into BC. Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells and as such play a pivotal role in the formation of immune cells that infiltrate in breast tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the density of DCs with different superficial antigens (CD1a, CD123, DC-LAMP, DC-SIGN) and various histopathological characteristics of DCIS. Our evaluation indicated that CD123+ and DC-LAMP+ cells were strongly associated with maximal tumor size, grading and neoductgenesis. Together with CD1a+ cells, they were negatively correlated with hormonal receptors expression. Furthermore, the number of DC-LAMP+ cells was higher in DCIS with comedo necrosis, ductal spread, lobular cancerization as well as comedo-type tumors, while CD1a+ cells were abundant in cases with Paget disease. We concluded that different subpopulations of DCs relate to various characteristics of DCIS. Of the superficial DCs markers, DC-LAMP seems particularly promising as a target for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szpor
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
- Department of Pathomorphology, University Hospital, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Streb
- Department of Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Glajcar
- Department of Pathomorphology, University Hospital, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Streb-Smoleń
- Department of Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 31-115 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Łazarczyk
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
| | - Paulina Korta
- Department of Pathomorphology, University Hospital, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Karolina Brzuszkiewicz
- General, Oncological, and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
| | - Robert Jach
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
| | - Diana Hodorowicz-Zaniewska
- General, Oncological, and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
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Gibson SV, Roozitalab RM, Allen MD, Jones JL, Carter EP, Grose RP. Everybody needs good neighbours: the progressive DCIS microenvironment. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:326-338. [PMID: 36739265 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a pre-invasive form of breast cancer where neoplastic luminal cells are confined to the ductal tree. While as many as 70% of DCIS cases will remain indolent, most women are treated with surgery, often combined with endocrine and radiotherapies. Overtreatment is therefore a major issue, demanding new methods to stratify patients. Somewhat paradoxically, the neoplastic cells in DCIS are genetically comparable to those in invasive disease, suggesting the tumour microenvironment is the driving force for progression. Clinical and mechanistic studies highlight the complex DCIS microenvironment, with multiple cell types competing to regulate progression. Here, we examine recent studies detailing distinct aspects of the DCIS microenvironment and discuss how these may inform more effective care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayin V Gibson
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Reza M Roozitalab
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Michael D Allen
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - J Louise Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Edward P Carter
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Richard P Grose
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Sourouni M, Opitz C, Radke I, Kiesel L, Tio J, Götte M, von Wahlde M. Establishment of a
3D
co‐culture model to investigate the role of primary fibroblasts in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 6:e1771. [PMID: 36534078 PMCID: PMC10075300 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a precursor form of breast cancer. 13%-50% of these lesions will progress to invasive breast cancer, but the individual progression risk cannot be estimated. Therefore, all patients receive the same therapy, resulting in potential overtreatment of a large proportion of patients. AIMS The role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and especially of fibroblasts appears to be critical in DCIS development and a better understanding of their role may aid individualized treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS Primary fibroblasts isolated from benign or malignant punch biopsies of the breast and MCF10DCIS.com cells were seeded in a 3D cell culture system. The fibroblasts were cultured in a type I collagen layer beneath a Matrigel layer with MCF10DCIS.com cells. Dye-quenched (DQ) fluorescent collagen I and IV were used in collagen and Matrigel layer respectively to demonstrate proteolysis. Confocal microscopy was performed on day 2, 7, and 14 to reveal morphological changes, which could indicate the transition to an invasive phenotype. MCF10DCIS.com cells form smooth, round spheroids in co-culture with non-cancer associated fibroblasts (NAFs). Spheroids in co-culture with tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) appear irregularly shaped and with an uneven surface; similar to spheroids formed from invasive cells. Therefore, these morphological changes represent the progression of an in situ to an invasive phenotype. In addition, TAFs show a higher proteolytic activity compared to NAFs. The distance between DCIS cells and fibroblasts decreases over time. CONCLUSION The TAFs seem to play an important role in the progression of DCIS to invasive breast cancer. The better characterization of the TME could lead to the identification of DCIS lesions with high or low risk of progression. This could enable personalized oncological therapy, prevention of overtreatment and individualized hormone replacement therapy after DCIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sourouni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Center University Hospital Münster Münster Germany
| | - Carl Opitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Center University Hospital Münster Münster Germany
| | - Isabel Radke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Center University Hospital Münster Münster Germany
| | - Ludwig Kiesel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Center University Hospital Münster Münster Germany
| | - Joke Tio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Center University Hospital Münster Münster Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Center University Hospital Münster Münster Germany
| | - Marie‐Kristin von Wahlde
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Center University Hospital Münster Münster Germany
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Hophan SL, Odnokoz O, Liu H, Luo Y, Khan S, Gradishar W, Zhou Z, Badve S, Torres MA, Wan Y. Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of Breast: From Molecular Etiology to Therapeutic Management. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac027. [PMID: 35245349 PMCID: PMC8962444 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) makes up a majority of noninvasive breast cancer cases. DCIS is a neoplastic proliferation of epithelial cells within the ductal structure of the breast. Currently, there is little known about the progression of DCIS to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), or the molecular etiology behind each DCIS lesion or grade. The DCIS lesions can be heterogeneous in morphology, genetics, cellular biology, and clinical behavior, posing challenges to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which approximately half of all DCIS lesions progress to an invasive status. New strategies that pinpoint molecular mechanisms are necessary to overcome this gap in understanding, which is a barrier to more targeted therapy. In this review, we will discuss the etiological factors associated with DCIS, as well as the complexity of each nuclear grade lesion. Moreover, we will discuss the possible molecular features that lead to progression of DCIS to IDC. We will highlight current therapeutic management and areas for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Lynn Hophan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pharmacology, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Olena Odnokoz
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Winship Cancer Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Huiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Seema Khan
- Department of Surgery, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - William Gradishar
- Department of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sunil Badve
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mylin A Torres
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Winship Cancer Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Niwińska A, Olszewski WP. The role of stromal immune microenvironment in the progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:118. [PMID: 34952631 PMCID: PMC8710011 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The first aim of the study was to compare the scores and types of stromal immune cells in 30 patients with primary DCIS and in the same patients after invasive breast recurrence in order to assess possible differences in both during tumor progression. The second aim was to evaluate possible differences in stromal cells of 30 patients with primary DCIS before progression and in the control group of 11 DCIS patients without recurrence during long-term follow-up. Material and methods Evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and immunohistochemical stains for immune cell markers CD4, CD8, CD20, CD138, FOXP3, CD163 and TGF beta was performed on the stroma of primary DCIS before progression, invasive breast cancer of the same patients after progression and DCIS without progression. Results The comparison of stromal cells in 30 patients with initial DCIS and its invasive recurrence revealed an increased level of CD20 + immune cells (median score 5% vs. 17%, respectively, p < 0.001) and CD163 + cells (median score 1% vs. 5%, respectively, p < 0.001) in invasive breast cancer. The comparison of stromal cells in 30 patients with initial DCIS before recurrence and the control group of 11 patients with DCIS without recurrence showed statistically significant difference for CD138 + cells, which were more prevalent in patients with worse prognosis (median score 0 vs. 2%, respectively, p < 0.001). No similar relationship was found for the other tested cells as well as for TGF-beta. Conclusions CD138 + immune cells that were more prevalent in patients with a worse prognosis should be explored in further studies to confirm or exclude their role as a potential biological marker of DCIS invasive recurrence. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-021-01494-9.
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Sinha VC, Rinkenbaugh AL, Xu M, Zhou X, Zhang X, Jeter-Jones S, Shao J, Qi Y, Zebala JA, Maeda DY, McAllister F, Piwnica-Worms H. Single-cell evaluation reveals shifts in the tumor-immune niches that shape and maintain aggressive lesions in the breast. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5024. [PMID: 34408137 PMCID: PMC8373912 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet clinical need for stratification of breast lesions as indolent or aggressive to tailor treatment. Here, single-cell transcriptomics and multiparametric imaging applied to a mouse model of breast cancer reveals that the aggressive tumor niche is characterized by an expanded basal-like population, specialization of tumor subpopulations, and mixed-lineage tumor cells potentially serving as a transition state between luminal and basal phenotypes. Despite vast tumor cell-intrinsic differences, aggressive and indolent tumor cells are functionally indistinguishable once isolated from their local niche, suggesting a role for non-tumor collaborators in determining aggressiveness. Aggressive lesions harbor fewer total but more suppressed-like T cells, and elevated tumor-promoting neutrophils and IL-17 signaling, disruption of which increase tumor latency and reduce the number of aggressive lesions. Our study provides insight into tumor-immune features distinguishing indolent from aggressive lesions, identifies heterogeneous populations comprising these lesions, and supports a role for IL-17 signaling in aggressive progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya C. Sinha
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Amanda L. Rinkenbaugh
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Mingchu Xu
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Xinhui Zhou
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Sabrina Jeter-Jones
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Jiansu Shao
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Yuan Qi
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | | | | | - Florencia McAllister
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women worldwide, and while hormone receptor positive subtypes have a clear and effective treatment strategy, other subtypes, such as triple negative breast cancers, do not. Development of new drugs, antibodies, or immune targets requires significant re-consideration of current preclinical models, which frequently fail to mimic the nuances of patient-specific breast cancer subtypes. Each subtype, together with the expression of different markers, genetic and epigenetic profiles, presents a unique tumor microenvironment, which promotes tumor development and progression. For this reason, personalized treatments targeting components of the tumor microenvironment have been proposed to mitigate breast cancer progression, particularly for aggressive triple negative subtypes. To-date, animal models remain the gold standard for examining new therapeutic targets; however, there is room for in vitro tools to bridge the biological gap with humans. Tumor-on-chip technologies allow for precise control and examination of the tumor microenvironment and may add to the toolbox of current preclinical models. These new models include key aspects of the tumor microenvironment (stroma, vasculature and immune cells) which have been employed to understand metastases, multi-organ interactions, and, importantly, to evaluate drug efficacy and toxicity in humanized physiologic systems. This review provides insight into advanced in vitro tumor models specific to breast cancer, and discusses their potential and limitations for use as future preclinical patient-specific tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Haase
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Fernández-Nogueira P, Fuster G, Gutierrez-Uzquiza Á, Gascón P, Carbó N, Bragado P. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Breast Cancer Treatment Response and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3146. [PMID: 34201840 PMCID: PMC8268405 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BrCa) is the leading cause of death among women worldwide, with about one million new cases diagnosed each year. In spite of the improvements in diagnosis, early detection and treatment, there is still a high incidence of mortality and failure to respond to current therapies. With the use of several well-established biomarkers, such as hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), as well as genetic analysis, BrCa patients can be categorized into multiple subgroups: Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched, and Basal-like, with specific treatment strategies. Although chemotherapy and targeted therapies have greatly improved the survival of patients with BrCa, there is still a large number of patients who relapse or who fail to respond. The role of the tumor microenvironment in BrCa progression is becoming increasingly understood. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the principal population of stromal cells in breast tumors. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of CAFs' role in altering the tumor response to therapeutic agents as well as in fostering metastasis in BrCa. In addition, we also review the available CAFs-directed molecular therapies and their potential implications for BrCa management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Fernández-Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (P.G.); (N.C.)
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Fuster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (P.G.); (N.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Vic, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Álvaro Gutierrez-Uzquiza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pere Gascón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (P.G.); (N.C.)
| | - Neus Carbó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (P.G.); (N.C.)
| | - Paloma Bragado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Xu FF, Zheng SF, Xu C, Cai G, Wang SB, Qi WX, Wang CF, Chen JY, Lu C. Prognostic and predictive significance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes for ductal carcinoma in situ. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1875637. [PMID: 33796401 PMCID: PMC7993193 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1875637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify the density of TILs in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in terms of prognostic significance with recurrence and the benefit of whole breast irradiation (WBI). The clinicopathological data of DCIS patients from Jan 2009 to Dec 2016 who received breast-conserving surgery (BCS) were retrospectively reviewed. Cox regression analysis was used to confirm independent prognostic factors of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR). Kaplan–Meier method was utilized to analyze IBTR and values of WBI. Touching-tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were defined by TILs touching or within one lymphocyte cell thickness from the malignant ducts’ basement membrane. In total, 129 patients were enrolled in this analysis with 98 patients who received WBI. After a median follow-up of 53.0 months, there were 16 IBTR events with five invasive IBTRs. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that touching-TILs >5 were an independent prognostic factor for higher IBTR (HR = 6.17, 95%CI 1.95–19.56, p < .01). The whole cohort was classified into two subgroups: dense group (>5 touching-TILs per duct) and sparse group (≤5 touching-TILs per duct). Dense touching-TILs were associated with unfavorable biologic characteristics. The 5-y rate of IBTR between dense and sparse group was 29.0% versus 4.5% (p < .01). For the sparse group, WBI significantly reduced the rate of 5-y-IBTR risk from 13.2% to 1.7% (p = .02), but there was no benefit of WBI in the dense group. Touching-TILs density was heterogeneous in patients with DCIS. Sparse touching-TILs were associated with better prognosis and benefit from WBI. Dense touching-TILs not only were associated with a higher risk of IBTR but also lack of benefit from WBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sai-Fang Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Bei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Xiang Qi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Fu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yi Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cao Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Kulwatno J, Gearhart J, Gong X, Herzog N, Getzin M, Skobe M, Mills KL. Growth of tumor emboli within a vessel model reveals dependence on the magnitude of mechanical constraint. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 13:1-16. [PMID: 33443535 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tumor emboli-aggregates of tumor cells within vessels-pose a clinical challenge as they are associated with increased metastasis and tumor recurrence. When growing within a vessel, tumor emboli are subject to a unique mechanical constraint provided by the tubular geometry of the vessel. Current models of tumor emboli use unconstrained multicellular tumor spheroids, which neglect this mechanical interplay. Here, we modeled a lymphatic vessel as a 200 μm-diameter channel in either a stiff or soft, bioinert agarose matrix to create a vessel-like constraint model (VLCM), and we modeled colon or breast cancer tumor emboli with aggregates of HCT116 or SUM149PT cells, respectively. The stiff matrix VLCM constrained the tumor emboli to the cylindrical channel, which led to continuous growth of the emboli, in contrast to the growth rate reduction that unconstrained spheroids exhibit. Emboli morphology in the soft matrix VLCM, however, was dependent on the magnitude of mechanical mismatch between the matrix and the cell aggregates. In general, when the elastic modulus of the matrix of the VLCM was greater than the emboli (EVLCM/Eemb > 1), the emboli were constrained to grow within the channel, and when the elastic modulus of the matrix was less than the emboli (0 < EVLCM/Eemb < 1), the emboli bulged into the matrix. Due to a large difference in myosin II expression between the cell lines, we hypothesized that tumor cell aggregate stiffness is an indicator of cellular force-generating capability. Inhibitors of myosin-related force generation decreased the elastic modulus and/or increased the stress relaxation of the tumor cell aggregates, effectively increasing the mechanical mismatch. The increased mechanical mismatch after drug treatment was correlated with increased confinement of tumor emboli growth along the channel, which may translate to increased tumor burden due to the increased tumor volume within the diffusion distance of nutrients and oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Kulwatno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Jamie Gearhart
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Xiangyu Gong
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Nora Herzog
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Getzin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Mihaela Skobe
- Department of Oncological Sciences & Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristen L Mills
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
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15
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Abstract
Immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors is one of the most promising current cancer treatment strategies. However, in breast cancer, its success has been limited to a subset of patients with triple-negative disease, whose durability of observed responses remain unclear. The lack of detailed understanding of breast tumor immune evasion mechanisms and the treatment of patients with highly heterogeneous metastatic disease contribute to these disappointing results. Here we discuss the current knowledge about immune-related changes during breast tumor progression, with special emphasis on the in situ-to-invasive breast carcinoma transition that may represent a key step of immunoediting in breast cancer. Comprehensive characterization of early-stage disease and better understanding of immunologic drivers of disease progression will likely expand the tools available for immunotherapy and improve patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Gil Del Alcazar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maša Alečković
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Sprague BL, Vacek PM, Mulrow SE, Evans MF, Trentham-Dietz A, Herschorn SD, James TA, Surachaicharn N, Keikhosravi A, Eliceiri KW, Weaver DL, Conklin MW. Collagen Organization in Relation to Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Pathology and Outcomes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 30:80-88. [PMID: 33082201 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is widespread interest in discriminating indolent from aggressive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). We sought to evaluate collagen organization in the DCIS tumor microenvironment in relation to pathologic characteristics and patient outcomes. METHODS We retrieved fixed tissue specimens for 90 DCIS cases within the population-based Vermont DCIS Cohort. We imaged collagen fibers within 75 μm of the tumor/stromal boundary on hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides using multiphoton microscopy with second-harmonic generation. Automated software quantified collagen fiber length, width, straightness, density, alignment, and angle to the tumor/stroma boundary. Factor analysis identified linear combinations of collagen fiber features representing composite attributes of collagen organization. RESULTS Multiple collagen features were associated with DCIS grade, necrosis pattern, or periductal fibrosis (P < 0.05). After adjusting for treatments and nuclear grade, risk of recurrence (defined as any second breast cancer diagnosis) was lower among cases with greater collagen fiber width [hazard ratio (HR), 0.57 per one standard deviation increase; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.39-0.84] and fiber density (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42-0.85), whereas risk was elevated among DCIS cases with higher fiber straightness (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.05-2.06) and distance to the nearest two fibers (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.06-2.02). Fiber length, alignment, and fiber angle were not associated with recurrence (P > 0.05). Five composite factors were identified, accounting for 72.4% of the total variability among fibers; three were inversely associated with recurrence (HRs ranging from 0.60 to 0.67; P ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Multiple aspects of collagen organization around DCIS lesions are associated with recurrence risk. IMPACT Collagen organization should be considered in the development of prognostic DCIS biomarker signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Sprague
- Department of Surgery, Office of Health Promotion Research, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont. .,University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Radiology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Pamela M Vacek
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Sophie E Mulrow
- Department of Surgery, Office of Health Promotion Research, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Mark F Evans
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sally D Herschorn
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Radiology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Ted A James
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nuntida Surachaicharn
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Adib Keikhosravi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Optical and Computations Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Optical and Computations Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Donald L Weaver
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Matthew W Conklin
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin. .,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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17
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Ibrahim AM, Moss MA, Gray Z, Rojo MD, Burke CM, Schwertfeger KL, Dos Santos CO, Machado HL. Diverse Macrophage Populations Contribute to the Inflammatory Microenvironment in Premalignant Lesions During Localized Invasion. Front Oncol 2020; 10:569985. [PMID: 33072601 PMCID: PMC7541939 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.569985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cell heterogeneity remains poorly studied in breast cancer, and particularly in premalignancy. Here, we used single cell RNA sequencing to characterize macrophage diversity in mouse pre-invasive lesions as compared to lesions undergoing localized invasion. Several subpopulations of macrophages with transcriptionally distinct profiles were identified, two of which resembled macrophages in the steady state. While all subpopulations expressed tumor-promoting genes, many of the populations expressed pro-inflammatory genes, differing from reports in tumor-associated macrophages. Gene profiles of the myeloid cells were similar between early and late stages of premalignancy, although expansion of some subpopulations occurred. These results unravel macrophage heterogeneity in early progression and may provide insight into early intervention strategies that target macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Matthew A Moss
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Zane Gray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Michelle D Rojo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Caitlin M Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Kathryn L Schwertfeger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Camila O Dos Santos
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, United States
| | - Heather L Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, LA, United States
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18
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Chamberlin T, Clack M, Silvers C, Kuziel G, Thompson V, Johnson H, Arendt LM. Targeting Obesity-Induced Macrophages during Preneoplastic Growth Promotes Mammary Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Activity, DNA Damage, and Tumor Formation. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4465-4475. [PMID: 32868380 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity enhances breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women and premenopausal women with genetic or familial risk factors. We have shown previously that within breast tissue, obesity increases macrophage-driven inflammation and promotes expansion of luminal epithelial cell populations that are hypothesized to be the cells of origin for the most common subtypes of breast cancer. However, it is not clear how these changes within the microenvironment of the breast alter cancer risk and tumor growth. Using a high-fat diet to induce obesity, we examined preneoplastic changes associated with epithelial cell-specific loss of Trp53. Obesity significantly enhanced the incidence of tumors of diverse histotypes and increased stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment. Obesity also promoted the growth of preneoplastic lesions containing elevated numbers of luminal epithelial progenitor cells, which were surrounded by macrophages. To understand how macrophage-driven inflammation due to obesity enhances tumor formation, mice were treated with IgG or anti-F4/80 antibodies to deplete macrophages during preneoplastic growth. Unexpectedly, depletion of macrophages in obese mice enhanced mammary epithelial cell stem/progenitor activity, elevated expression of estrogen receptor alpha, and increased DNA damage in cells. Together, these results suggest that in obesity, macrophages reduce epithelial cells with DNA damage, which may limit the progression of preneoplastic breast lesions, and uncovers complex macrophage function within the evolving tumor microenvironment. Understanding how obesity alters the function of macrophages during tumor formation may lead to chemoprevention options for at-risk obese women. SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding how obesity impacts early tumor growth and response to macrophage-targeted therapies may improve therapeutics for obese patients with breast cancer and identify patient populations that would benefit from macrophage-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Chamberlin
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Megan Clack
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Caylee Silvers
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Genevra Kuziel
- Program in Cancer Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Victoria Thompson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Haley Johnson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lisa M Arendt
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin. .,Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Program in Cancer Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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19
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Krasny L, Bland P, Burns J, Lima NC, Harrison PT, Pacini L, Elms ML, Ning J, Martinez VG, Yu YR, Acton SE, Ho PC, Calvo F, Swain A, Howard BA, Natrajan RC, Huang PH. A mouse SWATH-mass spectrometry reference spectral library enables deconvolution of species-specific proteomic alterations in human tumour xenografts. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm044586. [PMID: 32493768 PMCID: PMC7375474 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.044586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SWATH-mass spectrometry (MS) enables accurate and reproducible proteomic profiling in multiple model organisms including the mouse. Here, we present a comprehensive mouse reference spectral library (MouseRefSWATH) that permits quantification of up to 10,597 proteins (62.2% of the mouse proteome) by SWATH-MS. We exploit MouseRefSWATH to develop an analytical pipeline for species-specific deconvolution of proteomic alterations in human tumour xenografts (XenoSWATH). This method overcomes the challenge of high sequence similarity between mouse and human proteins, facilitating the study of host microenvironment-tumour interactions from 'bulk tumour' measurements. We apply the XenoSWATH pipeline to characterize an intraductal xenograft model of breast ductal carcinoma in situ and uncover complex regulation consistent with stromal reprogramming, where the modulation of cell migration pathways is not restricted to tumour cells but also operates in the mouse stroma upon progression to invasive disease. MouseRefSWATH and XenoSWATH open new opportunities for in-depth and reproducible proteomic assessment to address wide-ranging biological questions involving this important model organism.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Cell Communication
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Databases, Protein
- Female
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Proteome
- Proteomics
- Species Specificity
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/pathology
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Krasny
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Philip Bland
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Jessica Burns
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Nadia Carvalho Lima
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Peter T Harrison
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Laura Pacini
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Mark L Elms
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Jian Ning
- Tumour Profiling Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Victor Garcia Martinez
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Yi-Ru Yu
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1066, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Sophie E Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1066, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Calvo
- The Tumour Microenvironment Team, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Amanda Swain
- Tumour Profiling Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Beatrice A Howard
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rachael C Natrajan
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Paul H Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
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20
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Vermehren-Schmaedick A, Mhawech-Fauceglia P, Park BS, Pejovic T, Luoh SW. The prognostic significance of GRB7 protein expression and localization in human breast and ovarian cancers. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2273-89. [PMID: 32595827 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To study GRB7 protein expression in normal human tissues and breast and ovarian cancers, and determine its clinical significance. Results: GRB7 protein was expressed in multiple tissues, including myoepithelial cells of normal breast and fibroadenoma. Cytoplasmic GRB7 expression was seen predominantly in HER-2 positive and, to a lesser extent, triple negative breast cancer. Membrane localization of GRB7 was present in a subset of breast cancers with high cytoplasmic GRB7 expression. Univariate and multivariate analysis found that cytoplasmic GRB7 expression was associated with a negative progesterone receptor status, while membrane GRB7 expression was associated with a negative axillary nodal status. Membrane associated GRB7 expression was present in a subset of ovarian cancers with high cytoplasmic GRB7 expression. Membrane GRB7 expression displayed a trend towards improved recurrence free survival (RFS). Landmark analysis suggested an RFS advantage for ovarian cancers that had GRB7 membrane expression and survived beyond 27 months; GRB7 membrane expression in two or more cores (out of three) predicted an improved RFS. Membrane expression of GRB7 protein was observed in breast cancer cell lines with high GRB7 protein expression in vitro. Conclusion: GRB7 protein membrane expression may be associated with a better prognosis in breast and ovarian cancers. The favorable prognostic value of GRB7 protein membrane expression and its underlying mechanism is worthy of further investigation. Methods: Immunohistochemistry of normal human tissues, breast tissues of various pathologies, and clinically annotated ovarian cancers was performed to correlate the patterns of GRB7 expression with biomarkers or clinical outcome.
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21
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Sivagnanalingam U, Beatty PL, Finn OJ. Myeloid derived suppressor cells in cancer, premalignancy and inflammation: A roadmap to cancer immunoprevention. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:852-861. [PMID: 32333615 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate success of any form of cancer therapy or cancer prevention depends on its ability to engage the power of the immune system to completely eliminate a growing tumor, lower the life-time tumor risk and establish long-term memory to prevent recurrence or future tumors. For that reason, all therapies but especially immunotherapies depend on the immune health (immunocompetence) of each treated individual. Cancer and chronic illnesses, combined with a usually more advanced age of cancer patients or those at risk for cancer are known to severely suppress multiple antitumor functions of the immune system. Understanding the critical mechanisms controlling and mediating immune suppression can lead to additional therapies to alleviate the effects of those mechanisms and improve the outcome of cancer therapy and prevention. We introduce and review here a highly immunosuppressive cell population found in cancer, precancer, and chronic inflammatory diseases, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC). First described in the setting of advanced cancer, their presence and immunosuppressive activity has been seen more recently in early premalignant lesions and in chronic inflammatory diseases leading to cancer. We describe the detrimental effects of their presence on cancer immunotherapy, immunosurveillance and immunoprevention and review early attempts to develop drugs to eliminate them or reduce their negative impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umayal Sivagnanalingam
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pamela L Beatty
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Olivera J Finn
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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22
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Abstract
Despite over a century of intensive efforts, the great gains promised by the War on Cancer nearly 50 years ago have not materialized. Since 1999, we have analyzed the lack of progress in explaining and "curing" cancer by examining the merits of the premises that determine how cancer is understood and treated. Our ongoing critical analyses have aimed at clarifying the sources of misunderstandings at the root of the cancer puzzle while providing a plausible and comprehensive biomedical perspective as well as a new theory of carcinogenesis that is compatible with evolutionary theory. In this essay, we explain how this new theory, the tissue organization field theory (TOFT), can help chart a path to progress for cancer researchers by explaining features of cancer that remain unexplainable from the perspective of the still hegemonic somatic mutation theory (SMT) and its variants. Of equal significance, the premises underlying the TOFT offer new perspectives on basic biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sonnenschein
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Centre Cavaillès, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Ana M. Soto
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Centre Cavaillès, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
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23
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Abstract
The dynamic interplay between neoplastic cells and the immune microenvironment regulates every step of the metastatic process. Immune cells contribute to invasion by secreting a cornucopia of inflammatory factors that promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and remodeling of the stroma. Cancer cells then intravasate to the circulatory system assisted by macrophages and use several pathways to avoid recognition by cytotoxtic lymphocytes and phagocytes. Circulating tumor cells that manage to adhere to the vasculature and encounter premetastic niches are able to use the associated myeloid cells to extravasate into ectopic organs and establish a dormant microscopic colony. If successful at avoiding repetitive immune attack, dormant cells can subsequently grow into overt, clinically detectable metastatic lesions, which ultimately account to most cancer-related deaths. Understanding how disseminated tumor cells evade and corrupt the immune system during the final stages of metastasis will be pivotal in developing new therapeutic modalities that combat metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa El-Kenawi
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Kay Hänggi
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Brian Ruffell
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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24
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Morgan MM, Schuler LA, Ciciliano JC, Johnson BP, Alarid ET, Beebe DJ. Modeling chemical effects on breast cancer: the importance of the microenvironment in vitro. Integr Biol (Camb) 2020; 12:21-33. [PMID: 32118264 PMCID: PMC7060306 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that our ability to predict chemical effects on breast cancer is limited by a lack of physiologically relevant in vitro models; the typical in vitro breast cancer model consists of the cancer cell and excludes the mammary microenvironment. As the effects of the microenvironment on cancer cell behavior becomes more understood, researchers have called for the integration of the microenvironment into in vitro chemical testing systems. However, given the complexity of the microenvironment and the variety of platforms to choose from, identifying the essential parameters to include in a chemical testing platform is challenging. This review discusses the need for more complex in vitro breast cancer models and outlines different approaches used to model breast cancer in vitro. We provide examples of the microenvironment modulating breast cancer cell responses to chemicals and discuss strategies to help pinpoint what components should be included in a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly M Morgan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Linda A Schuler
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jordan C Ciciliano
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brian P Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elaine T Alarid
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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25
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DeVaux RS, Ropri AS, Grimm SL, Hall PA, Herrera EO, Chittur SV, Smith WP, Coarfa C, Behbod F, Herschkowitz JI. Long noncoding RNA BHLHE40-AS1 promotes early breast cancer progression through modulating IL-6/STAT3 signaling. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3465-3478. [PMID: 31907974 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a nonobligate precursor to invasive breast cancer. Only a small percentage of DCIS cases are predicted to progress; however, there is no method to determine which DCIS lesions will remain innocuous from those that will become invasive disease. Therefore, DCIS is treated aggressively creating a current state of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. There is a critical need to identify functional determinants of progression of DCIS to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Interrogating biopsies from five patients with contiguous DCIS and IDC lesions, we have shown that expression of the long noncoding RNA BHLHE40-AS1 increases with disease progression. BHLHE40-AS1 expression supports DCIS cell proliferation, motility, and invasive potential. Mechanistically, BHLHE40-AS1 modulates interleukin (IL)-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity and a proinflammatory cytokine signature, in part through interaction with interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3. These data suggest that BHLHE40-AS1 supports early breast cancer progression by engaging STAT3 signaling, creating an immune-permissive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S DeVaux
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, University at Albany-SUNY, Rensselaer, New York
| | - Ali S Ropri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, University at Albany-SUNY, Rensselaer, New York
| | - Sandra L Grimm
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter A Hall
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sridar V Chittur
- Center for Functional Genomics, University at Albany-SUNY, Rensselaer, New York
| | - William P Smith
- Department of Radiology, Hays Medical Center, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Fariba Behbod
- Division of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jason I Herschkowitz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, University at Albany-SUNY, Rensselaer, New York
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26
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Ingman WV. Deep imaging reveals new insights into mammary gland architecture and breast cancer susceptibility. FEBS J 2019; 287:246-249. [PMID: 31876093 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The abundance of adipose tissue in the mammary gland obscures vision of the 3-dimensional architecture. Hitchcock et al. employed a new technique of deep tissue imaging that has enabled visualisation of dynamic interactions between mammary gland epithelial and immune cells with unprecedented 3-dimensional clarity. Deep imaging will help further our understanding of the complex biological interactions that underpin both normal mammary gland development and the susceptibility of this tissue to cancer. This knowledge will assist the development of much-needed prevention strategies to reduce the incidence of breast cancer. Comment on: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.15126.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy V Ingman
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
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27
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Steenbrugge J, Vander Elst N, Demeyere K, De Wever O, Sanders NN, Van Den Broeck W, Dirix L, Van Laere S, Meyer E. Comparative Profiling of Metastatic 4T1- vs. Non-metastatic Py230-Based Mammary Tumors in an Intraductal Model for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2928. [PMID: 31921184 PMCID: PMC6927949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive carcinoma (IC) in breast cancer can be faithfully reproduced by the intraductal mouse model. Envisaging to use this model for therapeutic testing, we aimed to in-depth characterize the tumor immunity associated with the differential progression of two types of intraductal tumors. More specifically, we focused on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and intraductally inoculated luciferase-expressing metastatic 4T1 and locally invasive Py230 cells in lactating mammary glands of syngeneic BALB/c and C57BL/6 female mice, respectively. Although the aggressive 4T1 cells rapidly formed solid tumors, Py230 tumors eventually grew to a similar size through enhanced proliferation. Yet, ductal tumor cell breakthrough and metastasis occurred earlier in the 4T1- compared to the Py230-based intraductal model and was associated with high expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as well as an increased influx of immune cells (mainly macrophages, neutrophils and T-cells). Moreover, activated cytotoxic T-cells, B-cells and programmed death-1 (PD-1)-positive cells were more prominent in the 4T1-based intraductal model in line with enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine and gene expression profiles. Py230-based tumors showed a more immunosuppressed anti-inflammatory profile with a high amount of regulatory T-cells, which may account for the decreased T-cell activation but increased proliferation compared to the 4T1-based tumors. Taken together, our results highlight the differential immunological aspects of aggressive metastatic and non-aggressive intraductal progression of 4T1- vs. Py230-based tumors, providing a base for future studies to explore therapy using these intraductal TNBC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Steenbrugge
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Translational Cancer Research Unit Antwerp, Center for Oncological Research, General Hospital Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niels Vander Elst
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristel Demeyere
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niek N Sanders
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Dirix
- Translational Cancer Research Unit Antwerp, Center for Oncological Research, General Hospital Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Laere
- Translational Cancer Research Unit Antwerp, Center for Oncological Research, General Hospital Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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28
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Hitchcock JR, Hughes K, Harris OB, Watson CJ. Dynamic architectural interplay between leucocytes and mammary epithelial cells. FEBS J 2019; 287:250-266. [PMID: 31691481 PMCID: PMC7003847 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The adult mammary gland undergoes dynamic changes during puberty and the postnatal developmental cycle. The mammary epithelium is composed of a bilayer of outer basal, or myoepithelial, cells and inner luminal cells, the latter lineage giving rise to the milk-producing alveolar cells during pregnancy. These luminal alveolar cells undergo Stat3-mediated programmed cell death following the cessation of lactation. It is established that immune cells in the microenvironment of the gland have a role to play both in the ductal outgrowth during puberty and in the removal of dead cells and remodelling of the stroma during the process of postlactational regression. However, most studies have focussed on the role of the stromal immune cell compartment or have quantified immune cell populations in tissue extracts. Our recent development of protocols for deep imaging of the mammary gland in three dimensions (3D) has enabled the architectural relationship between immune cells and the epithelium to be examined in detail, and we have discovered a surprisingly dynamic relationship between the basal epithelium and leucocytes. Furthermore, we have observed morphological changes in the myoepithelial cells, as involution progresses, which were not revealed by previous work in 2D tissue sections and whole tissue. This dynamic architecture suggests a role for myoepithelial cells in the orderly progression of involution. We conclude that deep imaging of mammary gland and other tissues is essential for analysing complex interactions between cellular compartments.
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29
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Dhodapkar MV, Dhodapkar KM. Moving Immunoprevention Beyond Virally Mediated Malignancies: Do We Need to Link It to Early Detection? Front Immunol 2019; 10:2385. [PMID: 31649683 PMCID: PMC6795703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines can successfully prevent viral infections and have emerged as an effective strategy for preventing some virally mediated malignancies. They also represent our major hope for cost-effective reduction of the cancer burden. The concept that the immune system mediates surveillance and editing roles against tumors is now well-established in murine models. However, harnessing the immune system to prevent human cancers that do not have a known viral etiology has not yet been realized. Most human cancers originate in a premalignant phase that is more common than the cancer itself. Many of the genetic changes that underlie carcinogenesis originate at this stage when the malignant phenotype is not manifest. Studies evaluating host response in human premalignancy have documented that these lesions are immunogenic, setting the stage for immune-based approaches for targeted prevention of human cancer. However, recent studies suggest that the hierarchy of T cell exhaustion and immune-suppressive factors have already begun to emerge in many preneoplastic states. These considerations underscore the need to link immune prevention to earlier detection of such lesions and to personalize such approaches based on the status of the pre-existing immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav V. Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kavita M. Dhodapkar
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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30
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Dessources K, Sebastiao APM, Pareja F, Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS. How Did We Get There? The Progression from Ductal Carcinoma In Situ to Invasive Ductal Carcinoma. Curr Breast Cancer Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-019-00318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ is a non-invasive form of breast cancer. Its incidence is increasing due to widespread use of mammographic screening. It presents several diagnostic and management challenges in part due to its relatively indolent behaviour. Most series analysing biomarkers in these lesions are small (<100 patients) and large clinical trials have not been frequent. Herein, we review the recent progress made in understanding the biology of this entity and the tools available for prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil S Badve
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States.
| | - Yesim Gökmen-Polar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
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32
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Shehata M, Grimm L, Ballantyne N, Lourenco A, Demello LR, Kilgore MR, Rahbar H. Ductal Carcinoma in Situ: Current Concepts in Biology, Imaging, and Treatment. J Breast Imaging 2019; 1:166-176. [PMID: 31538141 DOI: 10.1093/jbi/wbz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a group of heterogeneous epithelial proliferations confined to the milk ducts that nearly always present in asymptomatic women on breast cancer screening. A stage 0, preinvasive breast cancer, increased detection of DCIS was initially hailed as a means to prevent invasive breast cancer through surgical treatment with adjuvant radiation and/or endocrine therapies. However, controversy in the medical community has emerged in the past two decades that a fraction of DCIS represents overdiagnosis, leading to unnecessary treatments and resulting morbidity. The imaging hallmarks of DCIS include linearly or segmentally distributed calcifications on mammography or nonmass enhancement on breast MRI. Imaging features have been shown to reflect the biological heterogeneity of DCIS lesions, with recent studies indicating MRI may identify a greater fraction of higher-grade lesions than mammography does. There is strong interest in the surgical, imaging, and oncology communities to better align DCIS management with biology, which has resulted in trials of active surveillance and therapy that is less aggressive. However, risk stratification of DCIS remains imperfect, which has limited the development of precision therapy approaches matched to DCIS aggressiveness. Accordingly, there are opportunities for breast imaging radiologists to assist the oncology community by leveraging advanced imaging techniques to identify appropriate patients for the less aggressive DCIS treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Shehata
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Seattle, WA
| | - Lars Grimm
- Duke University Medical School, Department of Radiology, Durham, NC
| | - Nancy Ballantyne
- Duke University Medical School, Department of Radiology, Durham, NC
| | - Ana Lourenco
- Brown University Medical School, Department of Radiology, Providence, RI
| | - Linda R Demello
- Brown University Medical School, Department of Radiology, Providence, RI
| | - Mark R Kilgore
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Seattle, WA.,Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA
| | - Habib Rahbar
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Seattle, WA.,Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA
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33
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Briem E, Ingthorsson S, Traustadottir GA, Hilmarsdottir B, Gudjonsson T. Application of the D492 Cell Lines to Explore Breast Morphogenesis, EMT and Cancer Progression in 3D Culture. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2019; 24:139-147. [PMID: 30684066 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-018-09424-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human female breast gland is composed of branching epithelial ducts that extend from the nipple towards the terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs), which are the functional, milk-producing units of the gland and the site of origin of most breast cancers. The epithelium of ducts and TDLUs is composed of an inner layer of polarized luminal epithelial cells and an outer layer of contractile myoepithelial cells, separated from the vascular-rich stroma by a basement membrane. The luminal- and myoepithelial cells share an origin and in recent years, there has been increasing understanding of how these cell types interact and how they contribute to breast cancer. Accumulating evidence links stem/or progenitor cells in the mammary/breast gland to breast cancer. In that regard, much knowledge has been gained from studies in mice due to specific strains that have allowed for gene knock out/in studies and lineage tracing of cellular fates. However, there is a large histologic difference between the human female breast gland and the mouse mammary gland that necessitates that research needs to be done on human material where primary cultures are important due to their close relation to the tissue of origin. However, due to difficulties of long-term cultures and lack of access to material, human cell lines are of great importance to bridge the gap between studies on mouse mammary gland and human primary breast cells. In this review, we describe D492, a breast epithelial progenitor cell line that can generate both luminal- and myoepithelial cells in culture, and in 3D culture it forms branching ducts similar to TDLUs. We have applied D492 and its daughter cell lines to explore cellular and molecular mechanisms of branching morphogenesis and cellular plasticity including EMT and MET. In addition to discussing the application of D492 in studying normal morphogenesis, we will also discuss how this cell line has been used to study breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirikur Briem
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegi 16, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Saevar Ingthorsson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegi 16, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Gunnhildur Asta Traustadottir
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegi 16, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Bylgja Hilmarsdottir
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thorarinn Gudjonsson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegi 16, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland.
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspitali - University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland.
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34
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Hinohara K, Polyak K. Intratumoral Heterogeneity: More Than Just Mutations. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:569-579. [PMID: 30987806 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most human tumors are composed of genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous cancer cell populations, which poses a major challenge for the clinical management of cancer patients. Advances of single-cell technologies have allowed the profiling of tumors at unprecedented depth, which, in combination with newly developed computational tools, enable the dissection of tumor evolution with increasing precision. However, our understanding of mechanisms that regulate intratumoral heterogeneity and our ability to modulate it has been lagging behind. Recent data demonstrate that epigenetic regulators, including histone demethylases, may control the cell-to-cell variability of transcriptomes and chromatin profiles and they may modulate therapeutic responses via this function. Thus, the therapeutic targeting of epigenetic enzymes may be used to decrease intratumoral cellular heterogeneity and treatment resistance, when used in combination with other types of agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Hinohara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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