1
|
Wang X, Guo L, Zhang B, Wu J, Sun Y, Tao H, Sha J, Zhai J, Liu M. Haploinsufficiencies of FOXF1, FOXC2 and FOXL1 genes originated from deleted 16q24.1q24.2 fragment related with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins and lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome: relationship to phenotype. Mol Cytogenet 2022; 15:48. [PMID: 36329475 PMCID: PMC9632103 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-022-00627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We describe a fetus with a 2.12-Mb terminal deleted fragment in 16q associated with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) and lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome (LDS) and intend to provide a comprehensive prenatal management strategy for the fetuses with ACDMPV and LDS through reviewing other similar published studies. Methods The fetus presented a series of diverse structural malformations including congenital cardiovascular, genitourinary and gastro-intestinal anomalies in ultrasound at 23 + 5 weeks of gestation (GA).
Amniocentesis was conducted for karyotype analysis and copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) after informed consent. Results The fetal karyotype was 46,XX, however the result of CNV-seq showed an approximately 2.12-Mb deletion in 16q24.1q24.2 (85220000-87340000) × 1 indicating pathogenicity. Conclusion Genomic testing should be recommend as a first line diagnostic tool for suspected ACDMPV and/or LDS or other genetic syndromes for the fetuses with structural abnormalities in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhen Wang
- grid.252957.e0000 0001 1484 5512Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Donghai Avenue No. 2600, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui China ,grid.452207.60000 0004 1758 0558Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Center, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China
| | - Lili Guo
- grid.252957.e0000 0001 1484 5512Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Donghai Avenue No. 2600, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui China ,grid.452207.60000 0004 1758 0558Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Center, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China
| | - Bei Zhang
- grid.252957.e0000 0001 1484 5512Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Donghai Avenue No. 2600, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui China ,grid.452207.60000 0004 1758 0558Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Center, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221000 Xuzhou China
| | - Jiebin Wu
- grid.252957.e0000 0001 1484 5512Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Donghai Avenue No. 2600, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui China ,grid.452207.60000 0004 1758 0558Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Center, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221000 Xuzhou China
| | - Yu Sun
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221000 Xuzhou China ,Department of Obstetrics, Fengxian People’s Hospital, Feng Xian Renmin West Road No.51, Xuzhou, 221700 Jiangsu China
| | - Huimin Tao
- grid.452207.60000 0004 1758 0558Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Center, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221000 Xuzhou China
| | - Jing Sha
- grid.452207.60000 0004 1758 0558Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Center, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China
| | - Jingfang Zhai
- grid.252957.e0000 0001 1484 5512Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Donghai Avenue No. 2600, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui China ,grid.452207.60000 0004 1758 0558Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Center, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221000 Xuzhou China
| | - Min Liu
- grid.452207.60000 0004 1758 0558Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Center, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221000 Xuzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yamamoto-Fukuda T, Akiyama N, Kojima H. Super-enhancer Acquisition Drives FOXC2 Expression in Middle Ear Cholesteatoma. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2021; 22:405-424. [PMID: 33861394 PMCID: PMC8329101 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-021-00801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct histone modifications regulate gene expression in certain diseases, but little is known about histone epigenetics in middle ear cholesteatoma. It is known that histone acetylation destabilizes the nucleosome and chromatin structure and induces gene activation. The association of histone acetylation with chronic inflammatory diseases has been indicated in recent studies. In this study, we examined the localization of variously modified histone H3 acetylation at lysine 9, 14, 18, 23, and 27 in paraffin-embedded sections of human middle ear cholesteatoma (cholesteatoma) tissues and the temporal bones of an animal model of cholesteatoma immunohistochemically. As a result, we found that there was a significant increase of the expression levels of H3K27ac both in human cholesteatoma tissues and the animal model. In genetics, super-enhancers are clusters of enhancers that drive the transcription of genes involved in cell identity. Super-enhancers were originally defined using the H3K27ac signal, and then we used H3K27ac chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing to map the active cis-regulatory landscape in human cholesteatoma. Based on the results, we identified increased H3K27ac signals as super-enhancers of the FOXC2 loci, as well as increased protein of FOXC2 in cholesteatoma. Recent studies have indicated that menin-MLL inhibitor could suppress tumor growth through the control of histone H3 modification. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of FOXC2 was inhibited by menin-MLL inhibitor in vivo. These findings indicate that FOXC2 expression under histone modifications promoted the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma and suggest that it may be a therapeutic target of cholesteatoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Yamamoto-Fukuda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Naotaro Akiyama
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kojima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Inman KE, Caiaffa CD, Melton KR, Sandell LL, Achilleos A, Kume T, Trainor PA. Foxc2 is required for proper cardiac neural crest cell migration, outflow tract septation, and ventricle expansion. Dev Dyn 2019; 247:1286-1296. [PMID: 30376688 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper development of the great vessels of the heart and septation of the cardiac outflow tract requires cardiac neural crest cells. These cells give rise to the parasympathetic cardiac ganglia, the smooth muscle layer of the great vessels, some cardiomyocytes, and the conotruncal cushions and aorticopulmonary septum of the outflow tract. Ablation of cardiac neural crest cells results in defective patterning of each of these structures. Previous studies have shown that targeted deletion of the forkhead transcription factor C2 (Foxc2), results in cardiac phenotypes similar to that derived from cardiac neural crest cell ablation. RESULTS We report that Foxc2-/- embryos on the 129s6/SvEv inbred genetic background display persistent truncus arteriosus and hypoplastic ventricles before embryonic lethality. Foxc2 loss-of-function resulted in perturbed cardiac neural crest cell migration and their reduced contribution to the outflow tract as evidenced by lineage tracing analyses together with perturbed expression of the neural crest cell markers Sox10 and Crabp1. Foxc2 loss-of-function also resulted in alterations in PlexinD1, Twist1, PECAM1, and Hand1/2 expression in association with vascular and ventricular defects. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate Foxc2 is required for proper migration of cardiac neural crest cells, septation of the outflow tract, and development of the ventricles. Developmental Dynamics 247:1286-1296, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly E Inman
- Department of Natural Sciences, Shawnee State University, Portsmouth, Ohio
| | | | - Kristin R Melton
- Section of Neonatology, Pulmonary and Perinatal Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa L Sandell
- Department of Oral Immunology & Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Annita Achilleos
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Amin MB, Miura N, Uddin MKM, Islam MJ, Yoshida N, Iseki S, Kume T, Trainor PA, Saitsu H, Aoto K. Foxc2 CreERT2 knock-in mice mark stage-specific Foxc2-expressing cells during mouse organogenesis. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2017; 57:24-31. [PMID: 27783871 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Foxc2, a member of the winged helix transcription factor family, is essential for eye, calvarial bone, cardiovascular and kidney development in mice. Nevertheless, how Foxc2-expressing cells and their descendent cells contribute to the development of these tissues and organs has not been elucidated. Here, we generated a Foxc2 knock-in (Foxc2CreERT2 ) mouse, in which administration of estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen induces nuclear translocation of Cre recombinase in Foxc2-expressing cells. By crossing with ROSA-LacZ reporter mice (Foxc2CreERT2 ; R26R), the fate of Foxc2 positive (Foxc2+ ) cells was analyzed through LacZ staining at various embryonic stages. We found Foxc2+ cell descendants in the supraoccipital and exoccipital bone in E18.5 embryos, when tamoxifen was administered at embryonic day (E) 8.5. Furthermore, Foxc2+ descendant cranial neural crest cells at E8-10 were restricted to the corneal mesenchyme, while Foxc2+ cell derived cardiac neural crest cells at E6-12 were found in the aorta, pulmonary trunk and valves, and endocardial cushions. Foxc2+ cell descendant contributions to the glomerular podocytes in the kidney were also observed following E6.5 tamoxifen treatment. Our results are consistent with previous reports of Foxc2 expression during early embryogenesis and the Foxc2CreERT2 mouse provides a tool to investigate spatiotemporal roles of Foxc2 and contributions of Foxc2+ expressing cells during mouse embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Badrul Amin
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | | | | | - Nobuaki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Erin Lambers, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazushi Aoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Munger SJ, Geng X, Srinivasan RS, Witte MH, Paul DL, Simon AM. Segregated Foxc2, NFATc1 and Connexin expression at normal developing venous valves, and Connexin-specific differences in the valve phenotypes of Cx37, Cx43, and Cx47 knockout mice. Dev Biol 2016; 412:173-90. [PMID: 26953188 PMCID: PMC4826804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Venous valves (VVs) are critical for unidirectional blood flow from superficial and deep veins towards the heart. Congenital valve aplasia or agenesis may, in some cases, be a direct cause of vascular disease, motivating an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of VVs. Three gap junction proteins (Connexins), Cx37, Cx43, and Cx47, are specifically expressed at VVs in a highly polarized fashion. VVs are absent from adult mice lacking Cx37; however it is not known if Cx37 is required for the initial formation of valves. In addition, the requirement of Cx43 and Cx47 for VV development has not been studied. Here, we provide a detailed description of Cx37, Cx43, and Cx47 expression during mouse vein development and show by gene knockout that each Cx is necessary for normal valve development. The valve phenotypes in the knockout lines exhibit Cx-specific differences, however, including whether peripheral or central VVs are affected by gene inactivation. In addition, we show that a Cx47 null mutation impairs peripheral VV development but does not affect lymphatic valve formation, a finding of significance for understanding how some CX47 mutations cause inherited lymphedema in humans. Finally, we demonstrate a striking segregation of Foxc2 and NFATc1 transcription factor expression between the downstream and upstream faces, respectively, of developing VV leaflets and show that this segregation is closely associated with the highly polarized expression of Cx37, Cx43, and Cx47. The partition of Foxc2 and NFATc1 expression at VV leaflets makes it unlikely that these factors directly cooperate during the leaflet elongation stage of VV development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin Geng
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - R Sathish Srinivasan
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Marlys H Witte
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - David L Paul
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Alexander M Simon
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kuang SQ, Medina-Martinez O, Guo DC, Gong L, Regalado ES, Reynolds CL, Boileau C, Jondeau G, Prakash SK, Kwartler CS, Zhu LY, Peters AM, Duan XY, Bamshad MJ, Shendure J, Nickerson DA, Santos-Cortez RL, Dong X, Leal SM, Majesky MW, Swindell EC, Jamrich M, Milewicz DM. FOXE3 mutations predispose to thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:948-61. [PMID: 26854927 DOI: 10.1172/jci83778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ascending thoracic aorta is designed to withstand biomechanical forces from pulsatile blood. Thoracic aortic aneurysms and acute aortic dissections (TAADs) occur as a result of genetically triggered defects in aortic structure and a dysfunctional response to these forces. Here, we describe mutations in the forkhead transcription factor FOXE3 that predispose mutation-bearing individuals to TAAD. We performed exome sequencing of a large family with multiple members with TAADs and identified a rare variant in FOXE3 with an altered amino acid in the DNA-binding domain (p.Asp153His) that segregated with disease in this family. Additional pathogenic FOXE3 variants were identified in unrelated TAAD families. In mice, Foxe3 deficiency reduced smooth muscle cell (SMC) density and impaired SMC differentiation in the ascending aorta. Foxe3 expression was induced in aortic SMCs after transverse aortic constriction, and Foxe3 deficiency increased SMC apoptosis and ascending aortic rupture with increased aortic pressure. These phenotypes were rescued by inhibiting p53 activity, either by administration of a p53 inhibitor (pifithrin-α), or by crossing Foxe3-/- mice with p53-/- mice. Our data demonstrate that FOXE3 mutations lead to a reduced number of aortic SMCs during development and increased SMC apoptosis in the ascending aorta in response to increased biomechanical forces, thus defining an additional molecular pathway that leads to familial thoracic aortic disease.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aortic Dissection/genetics
- Aortic Dissection/metabolism
- Aortic Dissection/pathology
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology
- Apoptosis
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Association Studies
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Mutation, Missense
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Pedigree
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Vascular Remodeling
- Zebrafish
Collapse
|
7
|
UDDIN MKM, KIMURA W, ISHIKURA T, KOSEKI H, YOSHIDA N, ISLAM MJ, AMIN MB, NAKAMURA K, WU YX, SATO E, AOTO K, MIURA N. Foxc2 in pharyngeal arch mesenchyme is important for aortic arch artery remodelling and ventricular septum formation . Biomed Res 2015; 36:235-45. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.36.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wataru KIMURA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Tomoyuki ISHIKURA
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI)
| | - Haruhiko KOSEKI
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI)
| | - Nobuaki YOSHIDA
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo
| | | | | | - Kasumi NAKAMURA
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Yi-Xin WU
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Eiji SATO
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Kazushi AOTO
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Naoyuki MIURA
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin CJ, Lin CY, Chen CH, Zhou B, Chang CP. Partitioning the heart: mechanisms of cardiac septation and valve development. Development 2012; 139:3277-99. [PMID: 22912411 DOI: 10.1242/dev.063495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart malformations are common congenital defects in humans. Many congenital heart defects involve anomalies in cardiac septation or valve development, and understanding the developmental mechanisms that underlie the formation of cardiac septal and valvular tissues thus has important implications for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of congenital heart disease. The development of heart septa and valves involves multiple types of progenitor cells that arise either within or outside the heart. Here, we review the morphogenetic events and genetic networks that regulate spatiotemporal interactions between the cells that give rise to septal and valvular tissues and hence partition the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Jung Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dysmorphogenesis of lymph nodes in Foxc2 haploinsufficient mice. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 135:603-13. [PMID: 21614587 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dysmorphogenesis of lymph nodes displayed in a fork head transcription factor Foxc2 haploinsufficient mice--a model for lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome--was studied by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The Foxc2 heterozygous mice manifested lymph node hyperplasia composed of conspicuous proliferation of endothelial cells forming the lymphatic sinus and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-immunopositive fibroblast-like cells in the lymphatic pulp, particularly around the sinus. The hyperplastic sinus endothelial cells and the SMA-positive cells demonstrated distinct immunolocalization of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B, a crucial chemoattractant for vascular mural cell recruitment, and its receptor, PDGFR-β, respectively. The observations suggest that the sinus endothelial cells elicit abnormal recruitment of the fibroblast-like cells as a type of vascular mural cells via PDGF-B/PDGFR-β signaling in lymph nodes of the Foxc2 heterozygotes. Furthermore, in Foxc2 heterozygous lymph nodes, recruited SMA-positive cells displayed an intense immunoreaction for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, a highly specific lymphangiogenic factor, and its receptor, VEGFR-3, was preferentially distributed in the lymphatic sinus endothelial cells. These findings suggest that an interactive cycle between lymphatic sinus endothelial cells and the fibroblast-like cells, which involves PDGF-B/PDGFR-β and VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling, is essential for aberrant hyperplasia of the lymphatic sinus and the fibroblast-like cells in Foxc2 haploinsufficiency.
Collapse
|
10
|
Genomic and genic deletions of the FOX gene cluster on 16q24.1 and inactivating mutations of FOXF1 cause alveolar capillary dysplasia and other malformations. Am J Hum Genet 2009; 84:780-91. [PMID: 19500772 PMCID: PMC2694971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACD/MPV) is a rare, neonatally lethal developmental disorder of the lung with defining histologic abnormalities typically associated with multiple congenital anomalies (MCA). Using array CGH analysis, we have identified six overlapping microdeletions encompassing the FOX transcription factor gene cluster in chromosome 16q24.1q24.2 in patients with ACD/MPV and MCA. Subsequently, we have identified four different heterozygous mutations (frameshift, nonsense, and no-stop) in the candidate FOXF1 gene in unrelated patients with sporadic ACD/MPV and MCA. Custom-designed, high-resolution microarray analysis of additional ACD/MPV samples revealed one microdeletion harboring FOXF1 and two distinct microdeletions upstream of FOXF1, implicating a position effect. DNA sequence analysis revealed that in six of nine deletions, both breakpoints occurred in the portions of Alu elements showing eight to 43 base pairs of perfect microhomology, suggesting replication error Microhomology-Mediated Break-Induced Replication (MMBIR)/Fork Stalling and Template Switching (FoSTeS) as a mechanism of their formation. In contrast to the association of point mutations in FOXF1 with bowel malrotation, microdeletions of FOXF1 were associated with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and gastrointestinal atresias, probably due to haploinsufficiency for the neighboring FOXC2 and FOXL1 genes. These differences reveal the phenotypic consequences of gene alterations in cis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hong S, Kang JK, Park JJ, Ryu ES, Choi SS, Lee SH, Lee JH, Seo JS. Association of matrix metalloproteinase-3 with cardiogenic activity during Noggin-induced differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Int J Cardiol 2009; 141:49-60. [PMID: 19138802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.11.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the pluripotency of embryonic stem (ES) cells, their clinical applications have been hindered due to the lack of reliable differentiation methods. Recently, it was shown that Noggin could effectively induce cardiomyocyte differentiation by transient treatment of ES cells. METHODS To determine how Noggin may induce cardiac differentiation, we compared differentially expressed genes during Noggin-induced differentiation of ES cells using microarray analysis. We found Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (Mmp-3) expression was highly up-regulated by Noggin treatment. To understand the role of Mmp-3 in the cardiac differentiation of ES cells, we inhibited Mmp-3 activity by treating with a specific Mmp-3 inhibitor during Noggin-induced cardiac differentiation of ES cells. We also analyzed the expression levels of cardiac markers and the ratio of spontaneously beating embryoid bodies (EBs) in the presence of the Mmp-3 inhibitor. RESULTS We analyzed EB samples from zero, two, and four days with or without Noggin treatment, and found that the expression levels of 2 (0 day), 56 (2 days), and 805 (4 days) genes were altered with Noggin treatment. Up-regulation of Mmp-3 was closely associated with relative increases of cardiogenic, vasculogenic, and hematopoietic genes in EB treated with Noggin. By inhibiting Mmp-3 activity, we verified that Mmp-3 activation is partly responsible for both the expression of cardiac markers and the elevated ratio of spontaneously beating to non-beating EBs. CONCLUSIONS The concurrent expression of Mmp-3 with many cardiogenic genes and the specific inhibition of Mmp-3 revealed a critical role for Mmp-3 in Noggin-induced cardiac differentiation of ES cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Hong
- Macrogen Inc, World Meridian Venture Center, 60-24 Gasan-dong, Seoul 153-023, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Amati F, Biancolella M, Farcomeni A, Giallonardi S, Bueno S, Minella D, Vecchione L, Chillemi G, Desideri A, Novelli G. Dynamic changes in gene expression profiles of 22q11 and related orthologous genes during mouse development. Gene 2007; 391:91-102. [PMID: 17321697 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2006.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Revised: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a developmental anomaly caused by a microdeletion on human chromosome 22q11. Although mouse models indicate that Tbx1 is the gene responsible for the syndrome, the phenotypic spectrum of del22q11 patients is complex suggesting that gene-gene and gene-environment interactions are operative in delineating the pathogenesis of 22q11DS. In order to study the regulatory effects of 22q11 haploinsufficiency during development, the expression pattern of the orthologous MM16 genes was analysed in total embryos at different stages (from 4.5 dpc to 14.5 dpc; corresponding to pharyngeal development) by using a low-density oligonucleotide microarray (the "22q11DS-chip"). This microarray consists of 39 mouse genes orthologous to the 22q11 human ones and 29 mouse target genes selected on the basis of their potential involvement in biological pathways regarding 22q11 gene products. Expression level filtering and statistical analysis identified a set of genes that was consistently differentially expressed (FC>+/-2) during specific developmental stages. These genes show a similar profile in expression (overexpression or underexpression). Quantitative real-time PCR analyses showed an identical expression pattern to that found by microarrays. A bioinformatic screening of regulative sequence elements in the promoter region of these genes, revealed the existence of conserved transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) in co-regulated genes which are functionally active at 4.5, 8.5 and 14.5 dpc. These data are likely to be helpful in studying developmental anomalies detected in del22q11 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Amati
- Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shimoda H, Kato S. A Model for Lymphatic Regeneration in Tissue Repair of the Intestinal Muscle Coat. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2006; 250:73-108. [PMID: 16861064 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(06)50003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal lymphatic system, which comprises a network of thin-walled vessels, is essential for the regulation of tissue fluid volume, immune function, and transport of fatty nutrients. The identification of specific lymphatic endothelial markers has facilitated analyses of lymphatic organization and lymphangiogenesis during individual development and tissue repair. The intestinal muscle coat producing motor activity develops a dense maze-like lymphatic network by vascular sprouting consisting of thin lymphatic endothelial projections and splitting of the vessels. The lymphatic regeneration in the tissue repair of the intestinal muscle coat is essentially attributable to sprouting from preexisting lymphatics, and it progresses vigorously with vascular maturation. The regrowing lymphatic endothelial cells exhibit structural changes indicating a high migratory potential and a close association with regenerating stromal cells. The upregulation of VEGF-C, a specific lymphangiogenic molecule, in a subpopulation of the stromal cells probably contributes to lymphatic regeneration by activating its receptor, VEGFR-3, on the regrowing lymphatic endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shimoda
- Department of Anatomy, Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University 1-1, Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|