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Ou C, Li C, Feng C, Tong X, Vasta GR, Wang LX. Synthesis, binding affinity, and inhibitory capacity of cyclodextrin-based multivalent glycan ligands for human galectin-3. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 72:116974. [PMID: 36108470 PMCID: PMC10349921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human galectin 3 (Gal-3) has been implicated to play important roles in different biological recognition processes such as tumor growth and cancer metastasis. High-affinity Gal-3 ligands are desirable for functional studies and as inhibitors for potential therapeutic development. We report here a facile synthesis of β-cyclodextrin (CD)-based Tn and TF antigen-containing multivalent ligands via a click reaction. Binding studies indicated that the synthetic multivalent glycan ligands demonstrated a clear clustering effect in binding to human Gal-3, with up to 153-fold enhanced relative affinity in comparison with the monomeric glycan ligand. The GalNAc (Tn antigen) containing heptavalent ligand showed the highest affinity for human Gal-3 among the synthetic ligands tested, with an EC50 of 1.4 μM in binding to human Gal-3. A cell-based assay revealed that the synthetic CD-based multivalent ligands could efficiently inhibit Gal-3 binding to human airway epithelial cells, with an inhibitory capacity consistent with their binding affinity measured by SPR. The synthetic cyclodextrin-based ligands described in this study should be valuable for functional studies of human Gal-3 and potentially for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Chiguang Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, United States
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Gerardo R Vasta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, United States
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
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Uchida T, Nakamura A, Shimazaki H, Kanie Y, Kanie O. Surface Modification of Porous Silica Particles with Carbohydrate Scaffolds as Receptor Components for Molecular Recognition. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202100563. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Uchida
- Tokai University School of Engineering Graduate School of Engineering: Tokai Daigaku Kogakubu Daigakuin Kogaku Kenkyuka Department of Applied Biochemistry JAPAN
| | - Ayano Nakamura
- Tokai University School of Engineering Graduate School of Engineering: Tokai Daigaku Kogakubu Daigakuin Kogaku Kenkyuka Department of Applied Biochemistry JAPAN
| | - Hannah Shimazaki
- Tokai University School of Engineering Graduate School of Engineering: Tokai Daigaku Kogakubu Daigakuin Kogaku Kenkyuka Department of Applied Biochemistry JAPAN
| | - Yoshimi Kanie
- Tokai University - Shonan Campus: Tokai Daigaku Research Promotion Devision JAPAN
| | - Osamu Kanie
- Tokai University School of Engineering Graduate School of Engineering: Tokai Daigaku Kogakubu Daigakuin Kogaku Kenkyuka Department of Applied Biochemistry 4-1-1 KitakanameHiratsuka 259-1292 Kanagawa JAPAN
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Silicon nitride sugar chips for detection of Ricinus communis proteins and Escherichia coli O157 Shiga toxins. Anal Biochem 2019; 580:42-48. [PMID: 31173726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lactosides having either an amino-triethylene glycol or an azido-triethylene glycol were designed and synthesized, and the two derivatives were immobilized onto silicon nitride (SiN) surfaces. When a click reaction was applied for the immobilization of the azido-sugar, a Ricinus communis lectin (RCA120) was detected with a higher response by reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS). When an N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) method was applied for the sugar immobilization, the response was less than that of the click one. The response of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the negative control was negligible, but the lactose-SiN chip prepared by the click method suppressed nonspecific binding more effectively than did the chip from the NHS method. Next, we examined an antibody-immobilized SiN chip prepared by the click reaction. The detection response was, however, lower than that of the lactose-SiN chip, meaning that the sugar-chip by the click reaction was superior to the antibody-chip. Finally, to detect Shiga toxins from Escherichia coli O157:H7, globotrisaccharide (Gb3) with an azido-triethylene glycol was synthesized and immobilized onto the SiN chip by the click reaction. The Gb3-SiN chips enabled us to detect the toxins at concentrations less than 100 ng/mL. RCA120, horse gram, gorse lectins and BSA showed no response to the Gb3-SiN chip, showing a high specificity for the toxin.
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Reise F, Warias JE, Chatterjee K, Krekiehn NR, Magnussen O, Murphy BM, Lindhorst TK. Photoswitchable Glycolipid Mimetics: Synthesis and Photochromic Properties of Glycoazobenzene Amphiphiles. Chemistry 2018; 24:17497-17505. [PMID: 30257037 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Glycolipids as constituents of cell membranes play an important role in cell membrane functioning. To enable the structural modification of membranes on demand, embedding of photosensitive glycolipid mimetics was envisioned and novel amphiphilic glycolipid mimetics comprising a photoswitchable azobenzene unit were synthesized. In this study, the photochromic properties of these glycolipid mimetics were analyzed by means of UV/Vis spectroscopy and reversible photoswitching. The glycolipids were based on a racemic glycerolipid derivative to be comparable in DPPC (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) phospholipid membrane monolayers. Carbohydrate head groups were altered between a β-glucoside and a β-lactosyl unit, as well as acyl chain lengths between C12 and C16, resulting in altered photoswitching. Langmuir isotherms showed that photoswitching of Langmuir films comprising the synthetic photosensitive glycoamphiphiles was successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Reise
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonas E Warias
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 11-19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 11-19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolai R Krekiehn
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 11-19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 11-19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bridget M Murphy
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 11-19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thisbe K Lindhorst
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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Shang K, Song S, Cheng Y, Guo L, Pei Y, Lv X, Aastrup T, Pei Z. Fabrication of Carbohydrate Chips Based on Polydopamine for Real-Time Determination of Carbohydrate⁻Lectin Interactions by QCM Biosensor. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1275. [PMID: 30961200 PMCID: PMC6401853 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel approach for preparing carbohydrate chips based on polydopamine (PDA) surface to study carbohydrate⁻lectin interactions by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor instrument has been developed. The amino-carbohydrates were immobilized on PDA-coated quartz crystals via Schiff base reaction and/or Michael addition reaction. The resulting carbohydrate-chips were applied to QCM biosensor instrument with flow-through system for real-time detection of lectin⁻carbohydrate interactions. A series of plant lectins, including wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), concanavalin A (Con A), Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I), soybean agglutinin (SBA), and peanut agglutinin (PNA), were evaluated for the binding to different kinds of carbohydrate chips. Clearly, the results show that the predicted lectin selectively binds to the carbohydrates, which demonstrates the applicability of the approach. Furthermore, the kinetics of the interactions between Con A and mannose, WGA and N-Acetylglucosamine were studied, respectively. This study provides an efficient approach to preparing carbohydrate chips based on PDA for the lectin⁻carbohydrate interactions study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Shang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Siyu Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yaping Cheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Lili Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yuxin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Lv
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | | | - Zhichao Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Shao C, Shang K, Xu H, Zhang Y, Pei Z, Pei Y. Facile fabrication of hypericin-entrapped glyconanoparticles for targeted photodynamic therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4319-4331. [PMID: 30087563 PMCID: PMC6061409 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s161262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy is a safe, noninvasive modality for cancer therapy, in which the photosensitizer (PS) is a crucial component. Hypericin (Hy) is a promising PS; however, its clinical application is significantly limited by its poor hydrophilicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS To overcome the clinical application limitation of Hy, a novel strategy is developed here by entrapping Hy into polydopamine (PDA) film formed on the surface of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) through the self-polymerization of dopamine under alkaline condition. The amount of Hy in the Hy-entrapped PDA-MNP composite nanoparticles (denoted as PHMs) was measured by spectrophotometry. Furthermore, lactose, as the targeting ligand to asialoglycoprotein receptors, was conjugated to the surface of the PHMs by taking advantage of the spontaneous reaction of PDA with amino groups. RESULTS Spectrophotometry analysis revealed that the amount of Hy in the PHMs was 72 μmol g-1 PHMs. The fabricated Hy-entrapped glyconanoparticle (Lac-PHM) exhibited excellent water dispersibility, stability, and selectivity for asialoglycoprotein receptors overexpressing HepG2 cells. Atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis showed that the amount of the Lac-PHMs taken in HepG2 cells was 2.1-fold higher than that of the triethylene glycol-modified PHMs. The results of intracellular reactive oxygen species generation detection, cytotoxicity study, and apoptosis detection indicated that the Lac-PHMs had a satisfying photodynamic effect to HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION The strategy developed in this work offers great potential for delivery of a variety of hydrophobic PSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, ;
| | - Kun Shang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, ;
| | - Huaibao Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, ;
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, ;
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, ;
| | - Yuxin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, ;
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Zhang Y, Wu X, Hou C, Shang K, Yang K, Tian Z, Pei Z, Qu Y, Pei Y. Dual-responsive dithio-polydopamine coated porous CeO 2 nanorods for targeted and synergistic drug delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2161-2173. [PMID: 29695903 PMCID: PMC5905827 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s152002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim was to produce the first report of assembling degradable stimuli-responsive dithio-polydopamine coating with a cancer target unit for synergistic and targeted drug delivery. Methods A multifunctional drug delivery system was constructed by coating a dual-responsive dithio-polydopamine (PDS) on porous CeO2 nanorods and subsequent conjugation of lactose derivative, where the PDS was formed by self-polymerization of dithio-dopamine (DOPASS). Results The multifunctional drug delivery system displayed excellent cancer targeted ability resulting from the conjugation of lactose derivative, which could specifically recognize the overexpressed asialoglycoprotein receptors on the surface of HepG2 cells. It also showed a dual-responsive property of glutathione and pH, achieving controllable drug release from the cleavage of disulfide bond and subsequent degradation of PDS in cancer cells. Moreover, the degradation of PDS led to the exposure of CeO2 nanorods, which has a synergistic anticancer effect due to its cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Conclusion This work presents a good example of a rational design towards synergistic and targeted DDS for cancer chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Hou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Shang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Tian
- Center for Applied Chemical Research, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Qu
- Center for Applied Chemical Research, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Anraku K, Sato S, Jacob NT, Eubanks LM, Ellis BA, Janda KD. The design and synthesis of an α-Gal trisaccharide epitope that provides a highly specific anti-Gal immune response. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:2979-2992. [PMID: 28294277 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00448f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate antigens displaying Galα(1,3)Gal epitopes are recognized by naturally occurring antibodies in humans. These anti-Gal antibodies comprise up to 1% of serum IgG and have been viewed as detrimental as they are responsible for hyperacute organ rejections. In order to model this condition, α(1,3)galactosyltransferase-knockout mice are inoculated against the Galα(1,3)Gal epitope. In our study, two α-Gal trisaccharide epitopes composed of either Galα(1,3)Galβ(1,4)GlcNAc or Galα(1,3)Galβ(1,4)Glc linked to a squaric acid ester moiety were examined for their ability to elicit immune responses in KO mice. Both target epitopes were synthesized using a two-component enzymatic system using modified disaccharide substrates containing a linker moiety for coupling. While both glycoconjugate vaccines induced the required high anti-Gal IgG antibody titers, it was found that this response had exquisite specificity for the Galα(1,3)Galβ(1,4)GlcNAc hapten used, with little cross reactivity with the Galα(1,3)Galβ(1,4)Glc hapten. Our findings indicate that while homogenous glycoconjugate vaccines provide high IgG titers, the carrier and adjuvanting factors can deviate the specificity to an antigenic determinant outside the purview of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensaku Anraku
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd BCC-582, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. and Department of Medical Technology, Kumamoto Health Science University, 325 Izumi-machi, Kita-ku, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Shun Sato
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd BCC-582, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. and Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Nicholas T Jacob
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd BCC-582, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Lisa M Eubanks
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd BCC-582, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Beverly A Ellis
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd BCC-582, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Kim D Janda
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd BCC-582, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Stine KJ. Application of Porous Materials to Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycoscience. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2017; 74:61-136. [PMID: 29173727 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using a range of porous materials to meet research needs in carbohydrate chemistry and glycoscience in general. Among the applications of porous materials reviewed in this chapter, enrichment of glycans from biological samples prior to separation and analysis by mass spectrometry is a major emphasis. Porous materials offer high surface area, adjustable pore sizes, and tunable surface chemistry for interacting with glycans, by boronate affinity, hydrophilic interactions, molecular imprinting, and polar interactions. Among the materials covered in this review are mesoporous silica and related materials, porous graphitic carbon, mesoporous carbon, porous polymers, and nanoporous gold. In some applications, glycans are enzymatically or chemically released from glycoproteins or glycopeptides, and the porous materials have the advantage of size selectivity admitting only the glycans into the pores and excluding proteins. Immobilization of lectins onto porous materials of suitable pore size allows for the use of lectin-carbohydrate interactions in capture or separation of glycoproteins. Porous material surfaces modified with carbohydrates can be used for the selective capture of lectins. Controlled release of therapeutics from porous materials mediated by glycans has been reported, and so has therapeutic targeting using carbohydrate-modified porous particles. Additional applications of porous materials in glycoscience include their use in the supported synthesis of oligosaccharides and in the development of biosensors for glycans.
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Fabrication of Highly Stable Glyco-Gold Nanoparticles and Development of a Glyco-Gold Nanoparticle-Based Oriented Immobilized Antibody Microarray for Lectin (GOAL) Assay. Chemistry 2015; 21:3956-67. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bernardi S, Fezzardi P, Rispoli G, Sestito SE, Peri F, Sansone F, Casnati A. Clicked and long spaced galactosyl- and lactosylcalix[4]arenes: new multivalent galectin-3 ligands. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:1672-80. [PMID: 25161726 PMCID: PMC4142870 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Four novel calix[4]arene-based glycoclusters were synthesized by conjugating the saccharide units to the macrocyclic scaffold using the CuAAC reaction and using long and hydrophilic ethylene glycol spacers. Initially, two galactosylcalix[4]arenes were prepared starting from saccharide units and calixarene cores which differ in the relative dispositions of the alkyne and azido groups. Once the most convenient synthetic pathway was selected, two further lactosylcalix[4]arenes were obtained, one in the cone, the other one in the 1,3-alternate structure. Preliminary studies of the interactions of these novel glycocalixarenes with galectin-3 were carried out by using a lectin-functionalized chip and surface plasmon resonance. These studies indicate a higher affinity of lactosyl- over galactosylcalixarenes. Furthermore, we confirmed that in case of this specific lectin binding the presentation of lactose units on a cone calixarene is highly preferred with respect to its isomeric form in the 1,3-alternate structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bernardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Fezzardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rispoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania E Sestito
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Peri
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Sansone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Casnati
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
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