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Aleksic M, Meng X. Protein Haptenation and Its Role in Allergy. Chem Res Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38834188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to numerous electrophilic chemicals either as medicines, in the workplace, in nature, or through use of many common cosmetic and household products. Covalent modification of human proteins by such chemicals, or protein haptenation, is a common occurrence in cells and may result in generation of antigenic species, leading to development of hypersensitivity reactions. Ranging in severity of symptoms from local cutaneous reactions and rhinitis to potentially life-threatening anaphylaxis and severe hypersensitivity reactions such as Stephen-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), all these reactions have the same Molecular Initiating Event (MIE), i.e. haptenation. However, not all individuals who are exposed to electrophilic chemicals develop symptoms of hypersensitivity. In the present review, we examine common chemistry behind the haptenation reactions leading to formation of neoantigens. We explore simple reactions involving single molecule additions to a nucleophilic side chain of proteins and complex reactions involving multiple electrophilic centers on a single molecule or involving more than one electrophilic molecule as well as the generation of reactive molecules from the interaction with cellular detoxification mechanisms. Besides generation of antigenic species and enabling activation of the immune system, we explore additional events which result directly from the presence of electrophilic chemicals in cells, including activation of key defense mechanisms and immediate consequences of those reactions, and explore their potential effects. We discuss the factors that work in concert with haptenation leading to the development of hypersensitivity reactions and those that may act to prevent it from developing. We also review the potential harnessing of the specificity of haptenation in the design of potent covalent therapeutic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Aleksic
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44 1LQ, U.K
| | - Xiaoli Meng
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, U.K
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2
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Dong J, Zhang H, Ai X, Dong Q, Shi X, Zhao X, Zhong C, Yu H. Improving chilling tolerance of peanut seedlings by enhancing antioxidant-modulated ROS scavenging ability, alleviating photosynthetic inhibition, and mobilizing nutrient absorption. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:532-543. [PMID: 38597809 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Peanut production is threatened by climate change. Damage to seedlings from low temperatures in early spring can limit yield. Plant adaptations to chilling stress remain unclear in peanut seedlings. It is essential to understand how peanut acquires chilling tolerance. We evaluated effects of chilling stress on growth and recovery of peanut seedlings. We compared and analysed biological characteristics, antioxidants, photosynthesis, biochemical and physiological responses, and nutrient absorption at varying levels of chilling. Compared with chilling-sensitive FH18, the reduced impact of chilling stress on chilling-tolerant NH5 was associated with reduced ROS accumulation, higher ascorbate peroxidase activity and soluble sugar content, lower soluble protein content, and smaller reductions in nutrient content during stress. After removal of chilling stress, FH18 had significant accumulation of O2 •- and H2O2, which decreased photosynthesis, nutrient absorption, and transport. ROS-scavenging reduced damage from chilling stress, allowed remobilization of nutrients, improved chilling tolerance, and restored plant functioning after chilling stress removal. These findings provide a reference for targeted research on peanut seedling tolerance to chilling and lay the foundation for bioinformatics-based research on peanut chilling tolerance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dong
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - H Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - X Ai
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Q Dong
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - X Shi
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - X Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - C Zhong
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - H Yu
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Abdisa KB, Szerdahelyi E, Molnár MA, Friedrich L, Lakner Z, Koris A, Toth A, Nath A. Metabolic Syndrome and Biotherapeutic Activity of Dairy (Cow and Buffalo) Milk Proteins and Peptides: Fast Food-Induced Obesity Perspective-A Narrative Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:478. [PMID: 38672494 PMCID: PMC11048494 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined by the outcome of interconnected metabolic factors that directly increase the prevalence of obesity and other metabolic diseases. Currently, obesity is considered one of the most relevant topics of discussion because an epidemic heave of the incidence of obesity in both developing and underdeveloped countries has been reached. According to the World Obesity Atlas 2023 report, 38% of the world population are presently either obese or overweight. One of the causes of obesity is an imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure, where nutritional imbalance due to consumption of high-calorie fast foods play a pivotal role. The dynamic interactions among different risk factors of obesity are highly complex; however, the underpinnings of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia for obesity incidence are recognized. Fast foods, primarily composed of soluble carbohydrates, non-nutritive artificial sweeteners, saturated fats, and complexes of macronutrients (protein-carbohydrate, starch-lipid, starch-lipid-protein) provide high metabolic calories. Several experimental studies have pointed out that dairy proteins and peptides may modulate the activities of risk factors of obesity. To justify the results precisely, peptides from dairy milk proteins were synthesized under in vitro conditions and their contributions to biomarkers of obesity were assessed. Comprehensive information about the impact of proteins and peptides from dairy milks on fast food-induced obesity is presented in this narrative review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenbon Beyene Abdisa
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.A.)
| | - Emőke Szerdahelyi
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Somlói út 14-16, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Máté András Molnár
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.A.)
| | - László Friedrich
- Department of Refrigeration and Livestock Product Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 43-45, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Lakner
- Department of Agricultural Business and Economics, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Koris
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.A.)
| | - Attila Toth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zsigmond út 22, HU-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arijit Nath
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.A.)
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Smyth SP, Nixon B, Skerrett-Byrne DA, Burke ND, Bromfield EG. Building an Understanding of Proteostasis in Reproductive Cells: The Impact of Reactive Carbonyl Species on Protein Fate. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38115641 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Stringent regulation of protein homeostasis pathways, under both physiological and pathological conditions, is necessary for the maintenance of proteome fidelity and optimal cell functioning. However, when challenged by endogenous or exogenous stressors, these proteostasis pathways can become dysregulated with detrimental consequences for protein fate, cell survival, and overall organism health. Most notably, there are numerous somatic pathologies associated with a loss of proteostatic regulation, including neurodegenerative disorders, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. Recent Advances: Lipid oxidation-derived reactive carbonyl species (RCS), such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) and malondialdehyde, are relatively underappreciated purveyors of proteostatic dysregulation, which elicit their effects via the nonenzymatic post-translational modification of proteins. Emerging evidence suggests that a subset of germline proteins can serve as substrates for 4HNE modification. Among these, prevalent targets include succinate dehydrogenase, heat shock protein A2 and A-kinase anchor protein 4, all of which are intrinsically associated with fertility. Critical Issues: Despite growing knowledge in this field, the RCS adductomes of spermatozoa and oocytes are yet to be comprehensively investigated. Furthermore, the manner by which RCS-mediated adduction impacts protein fate and drives cellular responses, such as protein aggregation, requires further examination in the germline. Given that RCS-protein adduction has been attributed a role in infertility, there has been sparked research investment into strategies to prevent lipid peroxidation in germ cells. Future Directions: An increased depth of knowledge regarding the mechanisms and substrates of RCS-mediated protein modification in reproductive cells may reveal important targets for the development of novel therapies to improve fertility and pregnancy outcomes for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon P Smyth
- Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David A Skerrett-Byrne
- Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan D Burke
- Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Bromfield
- Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Wang H, Jia Y, Bai X, Gong W, Liu G, Wang H, Xin J, Wu Y, Zheng H, Liu H, Wang J, Zou D, Zhao H. Whole-Transcriptome Profiling and Functional Prediction of Long Non-Coding RNAs Associated with Cold Tolerance in Japonica Rice Varieties. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2310. [PMID: 38396991 PMCID: PMC10889138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-temperature chilling is a major abiotic stress leading to reduced rice yield and is a significant environmental threat to food security. Low-temperature chilling studies have focused on physiological changes or coding genes. However, the competitive endogenous RNA mechanism in rice at low temperatures has not been reported. Therefore, in this study, antioxidant physiological indices were combined with whole-transcriptome data through weighted correlation network analysis, which found that the gene modules had the highest correlation with the key antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and peroxidase. The hub genes of the superoxide dismutase-related module included the UDP-glucosyltransferase family protein, sesquiterpene synthase and indole-3-glycerophosphatase gene. The hub genes of the peroxidase-related module included the WRKY transcription factor, abscisic acid signal transduction pathway-related gene plasma membrane hydrogen-ATPase and receptor-like kinase. Therefore, we selected the modular hub genes and significantly enriched the metabolic pathway genes to construct the key competitive endogenous RNA networks, resulting in three competitive endogenous RNA networks of seven long non-coding RNAs regulating three co-expressed messenger RNAs via four microRNAs. Finally, the negative regulatory function of the WRKY transcription factor OsWRKY61 was determined via subcellular localization and validation of the physiological indices in the mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Jia
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (H.Z.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement and Physiology & Ecology of Food Crop in Cold Region, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (H.W.); (X.B.); (W.G.); (G.L.); (H.W.); (J.X.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (H.L.); (J.W.); (D.Z.)
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6
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Nègre-Salvayre A, Salvayre R. Reactive Carbonyl Species and Protein Lipoxidation in Atherogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:232. [PMID: 38397830 PMCID: PMC10886358 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease of medium and large arteries, characterized by the presence of lipid-rich plaques lining the intima over time. It is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases and death worldwide. Redox imbalance and lipid peroxidation could play key roles in atherosclerosis by promoting a bundle of responses, including endothelial activation, inflammation, and foam cell formation. The oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids generates various lipid oxidation products such as reactive carbonyl species (RCS), including 4-hydroxy alkenals, malondialdehyde, and acrolein. RCS covalently bind to nucleophilic groups of nucleic acids, phospholipids, and proteins, modifying their structure and activity and leading to their progressive dysfunction. Protein lipoxidation is the non-enzymatic post-translational modification of proteins by RCS. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and apolipoprotein B (apoB) modification by RCS play a major role in foam cell formation. Moreover, oxidized LDLs are a source of RCS, which form adducts on a huge number of proteins, depending on oxidative stress intensity, the nature of targets, and the availability of detoxifying systems. Many systems are affected by lipoxidation, including extracellular matrix components, membranes, cytoplasmic and cytoskeletal proteins, transcription factors, and other components. The mechanisms involved in lipoxidation-induced vascular dysfunction are not fully elucidated. In this review, we focus on protein lipoxidation during atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Nègre-Salvayre
- Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), 1297 Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Rangueil—BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Robert Salvayre
- Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), 1297 Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Rangueil—BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
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7
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Niu T, Shi X, Liu X, Wang H, Liu K, Xu Y. Porous Se@SiO 2 nanospheres alleviate diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting excess lipid peroxidation and inflammation. Mol Med 2024; 30:24. [PMID: 38321393 PMCID: PMC10848509 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid peroxidation is a characteristic metabolic manifestation of diabetic retinopathy (DR) that causes inflammation, eventually leading to severe retinal vascular abnormalities. Selenium (Se) can directly or indirectly scavenge intracellular free radicals. Due to the narrow distinction between Se's effective and toxic doses, porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres have been developed to control the release of Se. They exert strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. METHODS The effect of anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-inflammatory effects of porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres on diabetic mice were assessed by detecting the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), decreased reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL) -1β of the retina. To further examine the protective effect of porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres on the retinal vasculopathy of diabetic mice, retinal acellular capillary, the expression of tight junction proteins, and blood-retinal barrier destruction was observed. Finally, we validated the GPX4 as the target of porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres via decreased expression of GPX4 and detected the level of MDA, GSH/GSSG, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL -1β, wound healing assay, and tube formation in high glucose (HG) cultured Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). RESULTS The porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres reduced the level of MDA, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL -1β, while increasing the level of GPX4 and GSH/GSSG in diabetic mice. Therefore, porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres reduced the number of retinal acellular capillaries, depletion of tight junction proteins, and vascular leakage in diabetic mice. Further, we identified GPX4 as the target of porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres as GPX4 inhibition reduced the repression effect of anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-inflammatory, and protective effects of endothelial cell dysfunction of porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres in HG-cultured HRMECs. CONCLUSION Porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres effectively attenuated retinal vasculopathy in diabetic mice via inhibiting excess lipid peroxidation and inflammation by target GPX4, suggesting their potential as therapeutic agents for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xijian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Yupeng Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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8
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Aleksic M, Rajagopal R, de-Ávila R, Spriggs S, Gilmour N. The skin sensitization adverse outcome pathway: exploring the role of mechanistic understanding for higher tier risk assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol 2024; 54:69-91. [PMID: 38385441 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2308816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
For over a decade, the skin sensitization Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) has served as a useful framework for development of novel in chemico and in vitro assays for use in skin sensitization hazard and risk assessment. Since its establishment, the AOP framework further fueled the existing efforts in new assay development and stimulated a plethora of activities with particular focus on validation, reproducibility and interpretation of individual assays and combination of assay outputs for use in hazard/risk assessment. In parallel, research efforts have also accelerated in pace, providing new molecular and dynamic insight into key events leading to sensitization. In light of novel hypotheses emerging from over a decade of focused research effort, mechanistic evidence relating to the key events in the skin sensitization AOP may complement the tools currently used in risk assessment. We reviewed the recent advances unraveling the complexity of molecular events in sensitization and signpost the most promising avenues for further exploration and development of useful assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Aleksic
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Sharnbrook, UK
| | - Ramya Rajagopal
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Sharnbrook, UK
| | - Renato de-Ávila
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Sharnbrook, UK
| | - Sandrine Spriggs
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Sharnbrook, UK
| | - Nicola Gilmour
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Sharnbrook, UK
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9
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Garai S, Bhowal B, Gupta M, Sopory SK, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A, Kaur C. Role of methylglyoxal and redox homeostasis in microbe-mediated stress mitigation in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 338:111922. [PMID: 37952767 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the general consequences of stress in plants is the accumulation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and carbonyl species (like methylglyoxal) to levels that are detrimental for plant growth. These reactive species are inherently produced in all organisms and serve different physiological functions but their excessive accumulation results in cellular toxicity. It is, therefore, essential to restore equilibrium between their synthesis and breakdown to ensure normal cellular functioning. Detoxification mechanisms that scavenge these reactive species are considered important for stress mitigation as they maintain redox balance by restricting the levels of ROS, methylglyoxal and other reactive species in the cellular milieu. Stress tolerance imparted to plants by root-associated microbes involves a multitude of mechanisms, including maintenance of redox homeostasis. By improving the overall antioxidant response in plants, microbes can strengthen defense pathways and hence, the adaptive abilities of plants to sustain growth under stress. Hence, through this review we wish to highlight the contribution of root microbiota in modulating the levels of reactive species and thereby, maintaining redox homeostasis in plants as one of the important mechanisms of stress alleviation. Further, we also examine the microbial mechanisms of resistance to oxidative stress and their role in combating plant stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampurna Garai
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Bidisha Bhowal
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mayank Gupta
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir K Sopory
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Charanpreet Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
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10
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Moldogazieva NT, Zavadskiy SP, Astakhov DV, Terentiev AA. Lipid peroxidation: Reactive carbonyl species, protein/DNA adducts, and signaling switches in oxidative stress and cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 687:149167. [PMID: 37939506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Under the exposure of lipids to reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation proceeds non-enzymatically and generates an extremely heterogeneous mixture of reactive carbonyl species (RCS). Among them, HNE, HHE, MDA, methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and acrolein are the most studied and/or abundant ones. Over the last decades, significant progress has been achieved in understanding mechanisms of RCS generation, protein/DNA adduct formation, and their identification and quantification in biological samples. In our review, we critically discuss the advancements in understanding the roles of RCS-induced protein/DNA modifications in signaling switches to provide adaptive cell response under physiological and oxidative stress conditions. At non-toxic concentrations, RCS modify susceptible Cys residue in c-Src to activate MAPK signaling and Cys, Lys, and His residues in PTEN to cause its reversible inactivation, thereby stimulating PI3K/PKB(Akt) pathway. RCS toxic concentrations cause irreversible Cys modifications in Keap1 and IKKβ followed by stabilization of Nrf2 and activation of NF-κB, respectively, for their nuclear translocation and antioxidant gene expression. Dysregulation of these mechanisms causes diseases including cancer. Alterations in RCS, RCS detoxifying enzymes, RCS-modified protein/DNA adducts, and signaling pathways have been implicated in various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbubu T Moldogazieva
- Department of Pharmacology, A.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, 8 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey P Zavadskiy
- Department of Pharmacology, A.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, 8 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Astakhov
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biodesign and Complex Systems Modelling, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, 8 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Terentiev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, 1 Ostrovityanov Street, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Tan H, Fu X, Chen Y, Wang Y, Chen D. Hyperlipidemia and lipid-lowering therapy in diabetic retinopathy (DR): A bibliometric study and visualization analysis in 1993-2023. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21109. [PMID: 37916126 PMCID: PMC10616351 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication in diabetic patients. DR is also a neurodegenerative disease. Patients with hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension are vulnerable to retinopathy development. While the roles of blood glucose and blood pressure in the development of retinopathy have been extensively studied, the relationship between body fat and DR pathogenesis and the impact of lipid-reducing drugs on DR has just emerged as a research hotspot in DR study. We aim to visualize the contributions and cooperation of reporters, organizations, and nations, in addition to the research hotspots and trends in DR-related lipid research from 1993 to 2023, by bibliometric analysis. Methods We extracted all publications about DR-related lipid research from 1993 to 2023 from the Web of Science Core Collection, and bibliometric features were studied using VOSviewer and the CiteSpace program. Results 1402 documents were retrieved. The number of studies has risen consistently for three decades, from an average of 16.8/year in the 1990s to 28.8/year in the 2000s, 64.5/year in 2010s, and reached 112/year in 2020-2022, confirming they are hot research topic in the field. These reports were from 93 nations/regions, with the USA, China, Japan, Australia, and England taking the leading positions. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice was the journal that published the most studies, and Diabetes Care was the most quoted. We identified 6979 authors, with Wong TY having the most papers and being the most commonly co-cited. The most popular keyword, according to our research, is diabetic retinopathy. Oxidative stress, diabetic macular edema (DME), lipid peroxidation, and other topics have often been investigated. Conclusion DR-related lipid research is conducted mainly in North America, Asia, Oceania, and Europe. Much study has centered on the relationship between lipid-lowering therapy and DR pathogenesis. These studies strongly support using lipid-reducing medications (fenofibrate, statins, and omega-3 PUFAs), combined with hyperglycemia and hypertension therapy, to prevent and treat DR. However, the impact of fenofibrate or statin on retinopathy is not correlated with their action on blood lipid profiles. Thus, more randomized clinical trials with primary endpoints related to DR in T1D or T2D are merited. In addition, the lipid biomarker for DR (lipid aldehydes, ALEs, and cholesterol crystals), the action of lipid-reducing medicines on retinopathy, the mechanism of lipid-lowering medications preventing or curing DR, and ocular delivery of lipid-lowering drugs to diabetic patients are predicted as the research focus in the future in the DR-related lipid research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangyu Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjiang Chen
- The School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danian Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Zhang X, Hou L, Guo Z, Wang G, Xu J, Zheng Z, Sun K, Guo F. Lipid peroxidation in osteoarthritis: focusing on 4-hydroxynonenal, malondialdehyde, and ferroptosis. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:320. [PMID: 37644030 PMCID: PMC10465515 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial and increasingly prevalent degenerative disease that affects the whole joint. The pathogenesis of OA is poorly understood and there is a lack of therapeutic interventions to reverse the pathological process of this disease. Accumulating studies have shown that the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-induced lipid peroxidation are involved in the pathogenesis of OA. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) have received considerable attention for their role in cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone remodeling during OA development. Ferroptosis is a form of cell death characterized by a lack of control of membrane lipid peroxidation and recent studies have suggested that chondrocyte ferroptosis contributes to OA progression. In this review, we aim to discuss lipid peroxidation-derived 4-HNE and MDA in the progression of OA. In addition, the therapeutic potential for OA by controlling the accumulation of lipid peroxidation and inhibiting chondrocyte ferroptosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Liangcai Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Zhou Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Genchun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jingting Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Zehang Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Fengjing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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13
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Karan BM, Little K, Augustine J, Stitt AW, Curtis TM. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Aldo-Keto Reductase Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Emerging Roles in Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1466. [PMID: 37508004 PMCID: PMC10376360 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes mellitus that can lead to vision loss and blindness. It is driven by various biochemical processes and molecular mechanisms, including lipid peroxidation and disrupted aldehyde metabolism, which contributes to retinal tissue damage and the progression of the disease. The elimination and processing of aldehydes in the retina rely on the crucial role played by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and aldo-keto reductase (AKR) enzymes. This review article investigates the impact of oxidative stress, lipid-derived aldehydes, and advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) on the advancement of DR. It also provides an overview of the ALDH and AKR enzymes expressed in the retina, emphasizing their growing importance in DR. Understanding the relationship between aldehyde metabolism and DR could guide innovative therapeutic strategies to protect the retina and preserve vision in diabetic patients. This review, therefore, also explores various approaches, such as gene therapy and pharmacological compounds that have the potential to augment the expression and activity of ALDH and AKR enzymes, underscoring their potential as effective treatment options for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Mugdat Karan
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Karis Little
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Josy Augustine
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Alan W Stitt
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Tim M Curtis
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
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14
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Wang Y, Zhang T, Nie L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Liu Q, Dong L, Hu Y, Zhang B, Wang S. Digestibility of Malondialdehyde-Induced Dietary Advanced Lipoxidation End Products and Their Effects on Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37390008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) are formed by modifying proteins with lipid oxidation products. The health effects of ALEs formed in vivo have been extensively studied. However, the digestibility, safety, and health risk of ALEs in heat-processed foods remain unclear. This investigation was performed to determine the structure, digestibility, and effect on the mice liver of dietary ALEs. The results showed that malondialdehyde (MDA) was able to alter the structure of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) to form linear, loop, and cross-linked types of Schiff bases and dihydropyridine derivatives under simulated heat processing, leading to the intra- and intermolecular aggregation of MPs and, thus, reducing the digestibility of MPs. In addition, dietary ALE intake resulted in abnormal liver function and lipid accumulation in mice. The core reason for these adverse effects was the destructive effect of ALEs on the intestinal barrier. Because the damage to the intestinal barrier leads to an increase in lipopolysaccharide levels in the liver, it induces liver damage by modulating hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianchang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Linqing Nie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Qisijing Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaozhong Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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15
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Usman B, Derakhshani B, Jung KH. Recent Molecular Aspects and Integrated Omics Strategies for Understanding the Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2019. [PMID: 37653936 PMCID: PMC10221523 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Rice is an important staple food crop for over half of the world's population. However, abiotic stresses seriously threaten rice yield improvement and sustainable production. Breeding and planting rice varieties with high environmental stress tolerance are the most cost-effective, safe, healthy, and environmentally friendly strategies. In-depth research on the molecular mechanism of rice plants in response to different stresses can provide an important theoretical basis for breeding rice varieties with higher stress resistance. This review presents the molecular mechanisms and the effects of various abiotic stresses on rice growth and development and explains the signal perception mode and transduction pathways. Meanwhile, the regulatory mechanisms of critical transcription factors in regulating gene expression and important downstream factors in coordinating stress tolerance are outlined. Finally, the utilization of omics approaches to retrieve hub genes and an outlook on future research are prospected, focusing on the regulatory mechanisms of multi-signaling network modules and sustainable rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Usman
- Graduate School of Green Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (B.U.)
| | - Behnam Derakhshani
- Graduate School of Green Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (B.U.)
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Green Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (B.U.)
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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16
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Guo J, Wang Z, Wei Q, Li G, Yang H, Lu D. Response of waxy maize ( Zea mays L. var. ceratina Kulesh) leaf photosynthesis to low temperature during the grain-filling stage. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:335-346. [PMID: 36894514 DOI: 10.1071/fp22252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature (LT) during the grain-filling stage is an important factor that affects the source-sink relationship and leads to yield loss in maize (Zea mays L). In this study, field and pot trials were conducted to investigate the effects of LT during the grain-filling stage on leaf photosynthesis, antioxidant system, hormones, and grain yield of waxy maize cultivars Suyunuo 5 (S5) and Yunuo 7 (Y7). The results showed that LT treatment inhibited the chlorophyll biosynthesis and reduced the photosynthetic pigment levels during grain-filling stage. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance decreased under LT treatment during the grain-filling stage. Furthermore, LT treatment increased the contents of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species, and decreased the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase in the ear leaves, which accelerated the oxidative damage of leaf. The LT treatment also raised abscisic acid content and reduced indole acetic acid content in the ear leaves during grain-filling stage. The results of field and pot trials were verified by each other, but the field effect was greater than that of pot. Overall, LT treatment reduced the waxy maize dry matter accumulation after silking by affecting the physiological and biochemical processes of leaves, and ultimately decreased grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China; and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Zitao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Guanghao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China; and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Huan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China; and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Dalei Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China; and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China; and Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
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17
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Kamal FZ, Lefter R, Jaber H, Balmus IM, Ciobica A, Iordache AC. The Role of Potential Oxidative Biomarkers in the Prognosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke and the Exploration of Antioxidants as Possible Preventive and Treatment Options. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076389. [PMID: 37047362 PMCID: PMC10094154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic strokes occur when the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced due to arterial blockage, and it often leads to damage to brain cells or death. According to a myriad of experimental studies, oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological mechanism of ischemic stroke. In this narrative review, we aimed to identify how the alterations of oxidative stress biomarkers could suggest a severity-reflecting diagnosis of ischemic stroke and how these interactions may provide new molecular targets for neuroprotective therapies. We performed an eligibility criteria-based search on three main scientific databases. We found that patients with acute ischemic stroke are characterized by increased oxidative stress markers levels, such as the total antioxidant capacity, F2-isoprostanes, hydroxynonenal, total and perchloric acid oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORACTOT and ORACPCA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase, and urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine. Thus, acute ischemic stroke is causing significant oxidative stress and associated molecular and cellular damage. The assessment of these molecular markers could be useful in diagnosing ischemic stroke, finding its causes, predicting its severity and outcomes, reducing its impact on the cellular structures of the brain, and guiding preventive treatment towards antioxidant-based therapy as novel therapeutic alternatives.
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18
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Gamma-Muricholic Acid Inhibits Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Abolishment of Steatosis-Dependent Peroxidative Impairment by FXR/SHP/LXRα/FASN Signaling. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051255. [PMID: 36904254 PMCID: PMC10005659 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) reflects the outcome of steatosis-based peroxidative impairment. Here, the effect and mechanism of γ-muricholic acid (γ-MCA) on NASH were investigated on the basis of its actions in hepatic steatosis, lipid peroxidation, peroxidative injury, hepatocyte apoptosis, and its NAFLD activity score (NAS). The agonist action of γ-MCA on farnesoid X receptor (FXR) upregulated the small heterodimer partner (SHP) expression of hepatocytes. An increase in SHP attenuated the triglyceride-dominated hepatic steatosis which was induced in vivo by a high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet and in vitro by free fatty acids depending on the inhibition of liver X receptor α (LXRα) and fatty acid synthase (FASN). In contrast, FXR knockdown abrogated the γ-MCA-dependent lipogenic inactivation. When compared to their excessive production in HFHC diet-induced rodent NASH, products of lipid peroxidation (MDA and 4-HNE) exhibited significant reductions upon γ-MCA treatment. Moreover, the decreased levels of serum alanine aminotransferases and aspartate aminotransferases demonstrated an improvement in the peroxidative injury of hepatocytes. By TUNEL assay, injurious amelioration protected the γ-MCA-treated mice against hepatic apoptosis. The abolishment of apoptosis prevented lobular inflammation, which downregulated the incidence of NASH by lowering NAS. Collectively, γ-MCA inhibits steatosis-induced peroxidative injury to ameliorate NASH by targeting FXR/SHP/LXRα/FASN signaling.
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Arnhold J. Host-Derived Cytotoxic Agents in Chronic Inflammation and Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033016. [PMID: 36769331 PMCID: PMC9918110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
At inflammatory sites, cytotoxic agents are released and generated from invading immune cells and damaged tissue cells. The further fate of the inflammation highly depends on the presence of antagonizing principles that are able to inactivate these host-derived cytotoxic agents. As long as the affected tissues are well equipped with ready-to-use protective mechanisms, no damage by cytotoxic agents occurs and resolution of inflammation is initiated. However, long-lasting and severe immune responses can be associated with the decline, exhaustion, or inactivation of selected antagonizing principles. Hence, cytotoxic agents are only partially inactivated and contribute to damage of yet-unperturbed cells. Consequently, a chronic inflammatory process results. In this vicious circle of permanent cell destruction, not only novel cytotoxic elements but also novel alarmins and antigens are liberated from affected cells. In severe cases, very low protection leads to organ failure, sepsis, and septic shock. In this review, the major classes of host-derived cytotoxic agents (reactive species, oxidized heme proteins and free heme, transition metal ions, serine proteases, matrix metalloproteases, and pro-inflammatory peptides), their corresponding protective principles, and resulting implications on the pathogenesis of diseases are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Lipid Adaptations against Oxidative Challenge in the Healthy Adult Human Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010177. [PMID: 36671039 PMCID: PMC9855103 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is assumed that the human brain is especially susceptible to oxidative stress, based on specific traits such as a higher rate of mitochondrial free radical production, a high content in peroxidizable fatty acids, and a low antioxidant defense. However, it is also evident that human neurons, although they are post-mitotic cells, survive throughout an entire lifetime. Therefore, to reduce or avoid the impact of oxidative stress on neuron functionality and survival, they must have evolved several adaptive mechanisms to cope with the deleterious effects of oxidative stress. Several of these antioxidant features are derived from lipid adaptations. At least six lipid adaptations against oxidative challenge in the healthy human brain can be discerned. In this work, we explore the idea that neurons and, by extension, the human brain is endowed with an important arsenal of non-pro-oxidant and antioxidant measures to preserve neuronal function, refuting part of the initial premise.
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21
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RAGE Inhibitors for Targeted Therapy of Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010266. [PMID: 36613714 PMCID: PMC9820344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a member of the immunoglobulin family that is overexpressed in several cancers. RAGE is highly expressed in the lung, and its expression increases proportionally at the site of inflammation. This receptor can bind a variety of ligands, including advanced glycation end products, high mobility group box 1, S100 proteins, adhesion molecules, complement components, advanced lipoxidation end products, lipopolysaccharides, and other molecules that mediate cellular responses related to acute and chronic inflammation. RAGE serves as an important node for the initiation and stimulation of cell stress and growth signaling mechanisms that promote carcinogenesis, tumor propagation, and metastatic potential. In this review, we discuss different aspects of RAGE and its prominent ligands implicated in cancer pathogenesis and describe current findings that provide insights into the significant role played by RAGE in cancer. Cancer development can be hindered by inhibiting the interaction of RAGE with its ligands, and this could provide an effective strategy for cancer treatment.
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22
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Rabkin B, Tirosh O, Kanner J. Reactivity of Vitamin E as an Antioxidant in Red Meat and the Stomach Medium. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12172-12179. [PMID: 36121850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The stomach is a bioreactor and an important intersection of biochemical reactions that affect human health. Lipid peroxidation of meat in the stomach medium generates malondialdehyde (MDA), which is absorbed from the gut into human plasma and modifies low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to MDA-LDL. We found in the stomach medium (pH 3.0) a high antioxidant activity of vitamin E against meat lipid peroxidation, almost 35-fold higher than at pH 6.3. In the stomach medium, the antioxidant activity of vitamin E on meat lipid peroxidation was 20-fold higher than that of catechin. Vitamin E, at pH 3.0, acts synergistically with metmyoglobin (MbFe+3), as a peroxidase/antioxidant couple. The synergistic effect of MbFe+3/vitamin E was almost 150-fold higher than the antioxidant effect achieved by MbFe+3/catechin. The meat antioxidant activity was maintained continuously by addition of a low concentration of vitamin E, catechin, and vitamin C, preventing the propagation of lipid oxidation, reactive aldehyde generation, and the loss of vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Rabkin
- Department of Food Science, ARO Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Oren Tirosh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Joseph Kanner
- Department of Food Science, ARO Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Mondal LK, Pramanik S, Chowdhury S, Bose C, Bera D, Saha A, Bhattacharjee K. Do different lipid components accelerate the pathogenesis and severity of Diabetic Retinopathy? Int J Retina Vitreous 2022; 8:39. [PMID: 35690853 PMCID: PMC9188217 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-022-00390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the association of lipid and lipid-derived toxic molecules in pathogenesis and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS The present cross-sectional study included 14 healthy individuals (HC) without T2DM, 22 T2DM subjects without DR (DNR), 24 T2DM subjects with mild non-proliferative DR (MNPDR), and 24 T2DM subjects with high-risk proliferative DR (HRPDR). All subjects underwent plasma and vitreous analysis for estimation of total lipid (TL), free fatty acid (FFA), lipid peroxides (LPOs) like malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-Hydroxy-noneal (HNE), the advanced lipoxidation end product (ALE) like Hexanoyl-lysine (HLY) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) following standard spectrophotometric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods respectively. RESULTS The concentration of TL, FFA, markers of lipid peroxidation and lipoxidation as well as VEGF in plasma and vitreous were found to be significantly elevated stepwise inT2DM subjects (HRPDR > MNPDR > DNR) compared to healthy controls (HC).Further, plasma conventional lipid components like total cholesterol (TCH), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG), FFA and TL showed their significant positive correlations with vitreous level of different LPOs, ALE and VEGF in the DR group. CONCLUSION Total lipid and lipid-derived detrimental biomolecules ultimately result in increased secretion of VEGF and thus not only add as associated mediators in the pathogenesis of DR, these also accelerate the severity of microangiopathy in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Kanta Mondal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College Campus, Kolkata, 700 073, West Bengal, India.
| | - Subhasish Pramanik
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, 700020, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhankar Chowdhury
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, 700020, West Bengal, India
| | - Chiranjit Bose
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, 700020, West Bengal, India
| | - Debgopal Bera
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, 700020, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayindrila Saha
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, 700020, West Bengal, India
| | - Koena Bhattacharjee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College Campus, Kolkata, 700 073, West Bengal, India
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Yan LS, Zhang SF, Luo G, Cheng BCY, Zhang C, Wang YW, Qiu XY, Zhou XH, Wang QG, Song XL, Pan SY, Zhang Y. Schisandrin B mitigates hepatic steatosis and promotes fatty acid oxidation by inducing autophagy through AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Metabolism 2022; 131:155200. [PMID: 35405150 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schisandrin B (Sch B), which inhibits hepatic steatosis caused by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is one of the most active dibenzocyclooctadienes isolated from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill with various pharmacological activities. In this study, the role of Sch B-induced autophagy in lipid-lowering activities of Sch B was examined and the underlying mechanisms were elucidated. METHODS Free fatty acid (FFA)-stimulated HepG2 cells and mouse primary hepatocytes (MPHs) and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were used as NAFLD models. The role of Sch B-induced autophagy in lipid-lowering effects of Sch B was assessed using ATG5/TFEB-deficient cells and 3-methyladenine (3-MA)-treated hepatocytes and mice. RESULTS Sch B simultaneously active autophagy through AMPK/mTOR pathway and decreased the number of lipid droplets in FFA-treated HepG2 cells and MPHs. Additionally, siATG5/siTFEB transfection or 3-MA treatment mitigated Sch B-induced autophagy and activation of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and ketogenesis in FFA-treated HepG2 cells and MPHs. Sch B markedly decreased hepatic lipid content and activated the autophagy through AMPK/mTOR pathway in HFD-fed mice. However, the activities of Sch B were suppressed upon 3-MA treatment. Sch B upregulated the expression of key enzymes involved in FAO and ketogenesis, which was mitigated upon 3-MA treatment. Moreover, changes in hepatic lipid components and amino acids may be related to the Sch B-induced autophagy pathway. CONCLUSION These results suggested that Sch B inhibited hepatic steatosis and promoted FAO by activation of autophagy through AMPK/mTOR pathway. Our study provides novel insights into the hepatic lipophagic activity of Sch B and its potential application in the management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shan Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo-Feng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gan Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Brian Chi-Yan Cheng
- College of Professional and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Wei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yu Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Gao Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xue-Lan Song
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Wiemann J, Menéndez I, Crawford JM, Fabbri M, Gauthier JA, Hull PM, Norell MA, Briggs DEG. Fossil biomolecules reveal an avian metabolism in the ancestral dinosaur. Nature 2022; 606:522-526. [PMID: 35614213 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Birds and mammals independently evolved the highest metabolic rates among living animals1. Their metabolism generates heat that enables active thermoregulation1, shaping the ecological niches they can occupy and their adaptability to environmental change2. The metabolic performance of birds, which exceeds that of mammals, is thought to have evolved along their stem lineage3-10. However, there is no proxy that enables the direct reconstruction of metabolic rates from fossils. Here we use in situ Raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to quantify the in vivo accumulation of metabolic lipoxidation signals in modern and fossil amniote bones. We observe no correlation between atmospheric oxygen concentrations11 and metabolic rates. Inferred ancestral states reveal that the metabolic rates consistent with endothermy evolved independently in mammals and plesiosaurs, and are ancestral to ornithodirans, with increasing rates along the avian lineage. High metabolic rates were acquired in pterosaurs, ornithischians, sauropods and theropods well before the advent of energetically costly adaptations, such as flight in birds. Although they had higher metabolic rates ancestrally, ornithischians reduced their metabolic abilities towards ectothermy. The physiological activities of such ectotherms were dependent on environmental and behavioural thermoregulation12, in contrast to the active lifestyles of endotherms1. Giant sauropods and theropods were not gigantothermic9,10, but true endotherms. Endothermy in many Late Cretaceous taxa, in addition to crown mammals and birds, suggests that attributes other than metabolism determined their fate during the terminal Cretaceous mass extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Wiemann
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Iris Menéndez
- Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Cambio Medioambiental, Instituto de Geociencias (UCM, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Matteo Fabbri
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jacques A Gauthier
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pincelli M Hull
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark A Norell
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Derek E G Briggs
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Silonov SB, Kryvenko EO, Silonova NB, Shevchenko TM. The effect of vitamin E on the lipid environment of rat hepatocyte membranes. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.15421/022213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocopherol is one of the known beneficial natural antioxidants ensuring the optimal level of functioning of mammalian organisms. Numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that the biological role of vitamin E is to prevent the development of pathologies caused by oxidative stress. In particular, the role of enzymatic factors of lipid peroxidation and related inflammation as a result of eicosanoid synthesis was clearly shown. We studied changes in the structural and functional state of hepatocyte membranes in the classical model of E-hypovitaminosis caused by long-term (70 days) insufficient intake of vitamin E in the diet of rats. The test components were determined spectrophotometrically after appropriate chromatographic procedures. The amount of total and individual leukotrienes was determined by ELISA. Prolonged tocopherol deficiency in rats caused a 49.4% decrease in tocopherol, more than 27.0% – in cholesterol. Of the 8 individual phospholipids studied, 6 showed significant changes: a decrease in cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine, and an increase in phosphatidylethanolamine by 3.24 times, an increse in lysophosphatidylcholine by 86.9%, in phosphatidylcholine by 52.8%, and in sphingomyelin by 30.6%, relative to control. There were changes in the levels of unsaturated fatty acids playing a significant role in the development of functional disorders in cells and affecting the metabolism of ecosanoids derived from arachidonic acid by the 5-lipoxygenase oxidation pathway. Changes in the levels of total and individual cysteinyl leukotrienes in the state of E-hypovitaminosis were revealed. Restoration of vitamin E intake returns most of the studied indicators such as tocopherol, cholesterol, polyunsaturated fatty acids to the control levels and activates the processes of sequential conversion of leukotrienes in the body of rats. The obtained results indicate the potentiating effect of vitamin E on metabolic processes in the body as a whole and in hepatocytes and eicosanoid metabolism. The degree of tocopherol intake allows one to influence the course of inflammatory processes associated with eicosanoids, not only through the impact on precursors, but also on the utilization of metabolites, including leukotrienes.
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Gerna D, Ballesteros D, Arc E, Stöggl W, Seal CE, Marami-Zonouz N, Na CS, Kranner I, Roach T. Does oxygen affect ageing mechanisms of Pinus densiflora seeds? A matter of cytoplasmic physical state. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2631-2649. [PMID: 35084458 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
During desiccation, the cytoplasm of orthodox seeds solidifies into an intracellular glass with highly restricted diffusion and molecular mobility. Temperature and water content govern seed ageing rates, while oxygen (O2) can promote deteriorative reactions. However, whether the cytoplasmic physical state affects involvement of O2 in seed ageing remains unresolved. We aged Pinus densiflora seeds by controlled deterioration (CD) at 45 °C and distinct relative humidity (RH), resulting in cells with a glassy (11% and 30% RH) or fluid (60% and 80% RH) cytoplasm. Hypoxic conditions (0.4% O2) during CD delayed seed deterioration, lipid peroxidation, and decline of antioxidants (glutathione, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol), but only when the cytoplasm was glassy. In contrast, when the cytoplasm was fluid, seeds deteriorated at the same rate regardless of O2 availability, while being associated with limited lipid peroxidation, detoxification of lipid peroxide products, substantial loss of glutathione, and resumption of glutathione synthesis. Changes in metabolite profiles provided evidence of other O2-independent enzymatic reactions in a fluid cytoplasm, including aldo-keto reductase and glutamate decarboxylase activities. Biochemical profiles of seeds stored under seed bank conditions resembled those obtained after CD regimes that maintained a glassy cytoplasm. Overall, O2 contributed more to seed ageing when the cytoplasm was glassy, rather than fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gerna
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Erwann Arc
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Stöggl
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Nicki Marami-Zonouz
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Chae Sun Na
- Seed Conservation Research Division, Department of Seed Vault, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, 2160-53 Munsu-ro, Chunyang-myeon, Bonghwa-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilse Kranner
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Higher hepatic advanced glycation end products and liver damage markers are associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Nutr Res 2022; 104:71-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Food-Related Carbonyl Stress in Cardiometabolic and Cancer Risk Linked to Unhealthy Modern Diet. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051061. [PMID: 35268036 PMCID: PMC8912422 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonyl stress is a condition characterized by an increase in the steady-state levels of reactive carbonyl species (RCS) that leads to accumulation of their irreversible covalent adducts with biological molecules. RCS are generated by the oxidative cleavage and cellular metabolism of lipids and sugars. In addition to causing damage directly, the RCS adducts, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation end-products (ALEs), cause additional harm by eliciting chronic inflammation through receptor-mediated mechanisms. Hyperglycemia- and dyslipidemia-induced carbonyl stress plays a role in diabetic cardiovascular complications and diabetes-related cancer risk. Moreover, the increased dietary exposure to AGEs/ALEs could mediate the impact of the modern, highly processed diet on cardiometabolic and cancer risk. Finally, the transient carbonyl stress resulting from supraphysiological postprandial spikes in blood glucose and lipid levels may play a role in acute proinflammatory and proatherogenic changes occurring after a calorie dense meal. These findings underline the potential importance of carbonyl stress as a mediator of the cardiometabolic and cancer risk linked to today’s unhealthy diet. In this review, current knowledge in this field is discussed along with future research courses to offer new insights and open new avenues for therapeutic interventions to prevent diet-associated cardiometabolic disorders and cancer.
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30
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Natural and Synthetic Agents Targeting Reactive Carbonyl Species against Metabolic Syndrome. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051583. [PMID: 35268685 PMCID: PMC8911959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) may originate from the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and sugar in conditions of pathology. They are known to have high reactivity towards DNA as well as nucleophilic sites of proteins, resulting in cellular dysfunction. It has been considered that various pathological conditions are associated with an increased level of RCS and their reaction products. Thus, regulating the levels of RCS may be associated with the mitigation of various metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. In order to perform a comprehensive review, various literature databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, along with Google Scholar, were utilized to obtain relevant articles. The voluminous review concluded that various synthetic and natural agents are available or in pipeline research that hold tremendous potential to be used as a drug of choice in the therapeutic management of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and diabetes-associated complications of atherosclerosis, neuropathy, and nephropathy. From the available data, it may be emphasized that various synthetic agents, such as carnosine and simvastatin, and natural agents, such as polyphenols and terpenoids, can become a drug of choice in the therapeutic management for combating metabolic syndromes that involve RCS in their pathophysiology. Since the RCS are known to regulate the biological processes, future research warrants detailed investigations to decipher the precise mechanism.
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31
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Simvastatin Improves Microcirculatory Function in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Downregulates Oxidative and ALE-RAGE Stress. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030716. [PMID: 35277075 PMCID: PMC8838100 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased reactive oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and fibrosis, which contribute to tissue damage and development and progression of nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD), play important roles in microcirculatory disorders. We investigated the effect of the modulatory properties of simvastatin (SV) on the liver and adipose tissue microcirculation as well as metabolic and oxidative stress parameters, including the advanced lipoxidation end product–receptors of advanced glycation end products (ALE-RAGE) pathway. SV was administered to an NAFLD model constructed using a high-fat–high-carbohydrate diet (HFHC). HFHC caused metabolic changes indicative of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; treatment with SV protected the mice from developing NAFLD. SV prevented microcirculatory dysfunction in HFHC-fed mice, as evidenced by decreased leukocyte recruitment to hepatic and fat microcirculation, decreased hepatic stellate cell activation, and improved hepatic capillary network architecture and density. SV restored basal microvascular blood flow in the liver and adipose tissue and restored the endothelium-dependent vasodilatory response of adipose tissue to acetylcholine. SV treatment restored antioxidant enzyme activity and decreased lipid peroxidation, ALE-RAGE pathway activation, steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammatory parameters. Thus, SV may improve microcirculatory function in NAFLD by downregulating oxidative and ALE-RAGE stress and improving steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammatory parameters.
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32
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Demasi M, Augusto O, Bechara EJH, Bicev RN, Cerqueira FM, da Cunha FM, Denicola A, Gomes F, Miyamoto S, Netto LES, Randall LM, Stevani CV, Thomson L. Oxidative Modification of Proteins: From Damage to Catalysis, Signaling, and Beyond. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1016-1080. [PMID: 33726509 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The systematic investigation of oxidative modification of proteins by reactive oxygen species started in 1980. Later, it was shown that reactive nitrogen species could also modify proteins. Some protein oxidative modifications promote loss of protein function, cleavage or aggregation, and some result in proteo-toxicity and cellular homeostasis disruption. Recent Advances: Previously, protein oxidation was associated exclusively to damage. However, not all oxidative modifications are necessarily associated with damage, as with Met and Cys protein residue oxidation. In these cases, redox state changes can alter protein structure, catalytic function, and signaling processes in response to metabolic and/or environmental alterations. This review aims to integrate the present knowledge on redox modifications of proteins with their fate and role in redox signaling and human pathological conditions. Critical Issues: It is hypothesized that protein oxidation participates in the development and progression of many pathological conditions. However, no quantitative data have been correlated with specific oxidized proteins or the progression or severity of pathological conditions. Hence, the comprehension of the mechanisms underlying these modifications, their importance in human pathologies, and the fate of the modified proteins is of clinical relevance. Future Directions: We discuss new tools to cope with protein oxidation and suggest new approaches for integrating knowledge about protein oxidation and redox processes with human pathophysiological conditions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1016-1080.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilene Demasi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Etelvino J H Bechara
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata N Bicev
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Cerqueira
- CENTD, Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M da Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Gomes
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis E S Netto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lía M Randall
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cassius V Stevani
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonor Thomson
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Advanced glycation end-products as potential triggering factors of self-reactivity against myelin antigens in Multiple Sclerosis. Med Hypotheses 2021; 157:110702. [PMID: 34666261 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease in which autoreactive T lymphocytes infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) and react against antigens derived from proteins of the myelin sheath. The reason why T lymphocytes recognize certain myelin antigens as exogenous, activating the autoimmune response, remains unknown and represents the key to understand the pathogenesis of MS. Neurons are characterized by an elevated glycolytic metabolism. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive α-oxoaldehyde spontaneously formed as a by-product of glycolysis, and it reacts with proteins, nucleotides and phospholipids forming stable adducts called advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Several studies demonstrate that MG-derived AGEs accumulate in the plasma and brain of MS patients. Furthermore, there are evidences that post-myelinated oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming glial cells, increase their glycolytic metabolism to maintain their survival and functions, likely explaining the progressive accumulation of MG in MS lesions. The hypothesis proposed here is that the MG-derived AGEs, accumulated on the proteins composing the myelin sheath, are responsible for the altered antigen presentation process, mimicking exogenous antigens and triggering the autoimmune response. If this hypothesis will be experimentally confirmed a new pathogenic mechanism of MS will be identified.
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Al-Menhali AS, Anderson C, Gourine AV, Abramov AY, D'Souza A, Jaganjac M. Proteomic Analysis of Cardiac Adaptation to Exercise by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:723858. [PMID: 34540898 PMCID: PMC8440823 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.723858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise has many health benefits, among which is a significant reduction of cardiovascular risk. Although many beneficial effects of exercise are well described, the exact mechanisms by which exercise confers cardiovascular benefits are yet to be fully understood. In the current study, we have used high resolution mass spectrometry to determine the proteomic responses of the heart to exercise training in mice. The impact of exercise-induced oxidative stress on modifications of cardiomyocyte proteins with lipid peroxidation biomarker 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) was examined as well. Fourteen male mice were randomized into the control (sedentary) group and the exercise group that was subjected to a swim exercise training program for 5 days a week for 5 months. Proteins were isolated from the left ventricular tissue, fractionated and digested for shotgun proteomics. Peptides were separated by nanoliquid chromatography and analyzed on an Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer using high-energy collision–induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation fragmentation. We identified distinct ventricular protein signatures established in response to exercise training. Comparative proteomics identified 23 proteins that were upregulated and 37 proteins that were downregulated with exercise, in addition to 65 proteins that were identified only in ventricular tissue samples of exercised mice. Most of the proteins specific to exercised mice are involved in respiratory electron transport and/or implicated in glutathione conjugation. Additionally, 10 proteins were found to be modified with 4-HNE. This study provides new data on the effects of exercise on the cardiac proteome and contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Saleh Al-Menhali
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Qatar Analytics and BioResearch Lab, Anti Doping Lab Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Cali Anderson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander V Gourine
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia D'Souza
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Morana Jaganjac
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Liang X, Ou Y, Zhao H, Zhou W, Sun C, Lin X. Lipid Peroxide-Derived Short-Chain Aldehydes are Involved in Aluminum Toxicity of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum) Roots. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10496-10505. [PMID: 34488337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation is a common event during aluminum (Al) toxicity in plants, and it generates an array of aldehyde fragments. The present study investigated and compared the profile and physiological functions of lipid peroxide-derived aldehydes under Al stress in two wheat genotypes that differed in Al resistance. Under Al stress, the sensitive genotype Yangmai-5 suffered more severe plasma membrane damage and accumulated higher levels of aldehydes in roots than the Al-tolerant genotype Jian-864. The complementary use of high-resolution mass spectrometry and standard compounds allowed the identification and quantification of 13 kinds of short-chain aldehydes sourced from lipids in wheat roots. Among these aldehydes, acetaldehyde, isovaldehyde, valeraldehyde, (E)-2-hexenal (HE), heptaldehyde, and nonyl aldehyde were the predominant species. Moreover, it was found that HE in the sensitive genotype was over 2.63 times higher than that in the tolerant genotype after Al treatment. Elimination of aldehydes using carnosine rescued root growth inhibition by 19.59 and 11.63% in Jian-864 and Yangmai-5, respectively, and alleviated Al-induced membrane damage and protein oxidation. Exogenous aldehyde application further inhibited root elongation and exacerbated oxidative injury. The tolerant genotype Jian-864 showed elevated aldehyde detoxifying enzyme activity and transcript levels. These results suggest that lipid peroxide-derived short-chain aldehydes are involved in Al toxicity, and a higher aldehyde-detoxifying capacity may be responsible for Al tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiqun Ou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongcheng Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiwei Zhou
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Lu Y, Lu M, Wang J, Jiang X, Lu Y, Qiu C, Lv L, Dong W. Inhibitory Activity on the Formation of Reactive Carbonyl Species in Edible Oil by Synthetic Polyphenol Antioxidants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9025-9033. [PMID: 33459012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Food lipids play an important role in food quality, and their attributes contribute to texture, flavor, and nutrition. However, high-temperature processing leads to lipid peroxidation, degradation, and the formation of reactive carbonyl species (RCS), such as acrolein (ACR), glyoxal (GO), and methylglyoxal (MGO). We investigated the changes in the peroxidation value (POV), Rancimat induction time, formation and total amount of RCS, and inhibitory effects of synthetic polyphenol antioxidants on ACR/GO/MGO in plant oils during heating processing through an accelerated oxidation test using Rancimat. With increasing temperature and heating time, the amounts of ACR, GO, and MGO in oil increased and the level of ACR was about several times higher than that of GO and MGO. We also found that some amounts of ACR, GO, and MGO were produced at the initial stage before reaching the peak value of POV, even before oil oxidative rancidity, and the common antioxidant butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA)/butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) could not remove them once they were generated. This is first time to purify PG-ACR-MGO and elucidate the structure based on analysis of their high resolution mass spectrometry and 1H, 13C, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. We further found that PG rather than BHT and BHA efficiently trapped ACR, OG, and MGO to form adducts in oil and roasted beef burgers with corn oil. Additionally, after incubation at 80 °C, the trapping order of PG was as follows: ACR, MGO, and GO, and the adduct of PG-ACR was formed within 1 min; after 10 min, PG-MGO was generated; and three adducts formed at 15 min. However, PG could not trap ACR, GO, or MGO to form adducts at room temperature. This study provided novel knowledge to advance our understanding of the ability of synthetic polyphenol antioxidants to scavenge RCS simultaneously, such as ACR, MGO, and GO. Our findings demonstrated that PG, as an inhibitor of RCS, is suitable for medium- and high-temperature food processing but not for normal-temperature storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongling Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyi Qiu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lishuang Lv
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjiang Dong
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan 571533, People's Republic of China
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Choi SW, Yin MZ, Park NK, Woo JH, Kim SJ. Dual Mechanisms of Cardiac Action Potential Prolongation by 4-Oxo-Nonenal Increasing the Risk of Arrhythmia; Late Na + Current Induction and hERG K + Channel Inhibition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071139. [PMID: 34356372 PMCID: PMC8301175 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Oxo-nonenal (4-ONE) is an endogenous lipid peroxidation product that is more reactive than 4-hydroxy-nonenal (4-HNE). We previously reported the arrhythmic potential of 4-HNE by suppression of cardiac human Ether-a-go-go Related Gene (hERG) K+ channels with prolonged action potential duration (APD) in cardiomyocytes. Here, we illustrate the higher arrhythmic risk of 4-ONE by modulating the cardiac hNaV1.5 channel currents (INaV). Although the peak amplitude of INaV was not significantly changed by 4-ONE up to 10 μM, the rate of INaV inactivation was slowed, and the late Na+ current (INaL) became larger by 10 μM 4-ONE. The chemical modification of specific residues in hNaV1.5 by 4-ONE was identified using MS-fingerprinting analysis. In addition to the changes in INaV, 4-ONE decreased the delayed rectifier K+ channel currents including the hERG current. The L-type Ca2+ channel current was decreased, whereas its inactivation was slowed by 4-ONE. The APD prolongation by 10 μM of 4-ONE was more prominent than that by 100 μM of 4-HNE. In the computational in silico cardiomyocyte simulation analysis, the changes of INaL by 4-ONE significantly exacerbated the risk of arrhythmia exhibited by the TdP marker, qNet. Our study suggests an arrhythmogenic effect of 4-ONE on cardiac ion channels, especially hNaV1.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Woo Choi
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (S.-W.C.); (J.-H.W.)
| | - Ming-Zhe Yin
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (M.-Z.Y.); (N.-K.P.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Na-Kyeong Park
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (M.-Z.Y.); (N.-K.P.)
| | - Joo-Han Woo
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (S.-W.C.); (J.-H.W.)
| | - Sung-Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (M.-Z.Y.); (N.-K.P.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-2-740-8230
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Jové M, Mota-Martorell N, Torres P, Portero-Otin M, Ferrer I, Pamplona R. New insights into human prefrontal cortex aging with a lipidomics approach. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:333-344. [PMID: 34098823 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1940142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human prefrontal cortex (hPFC) is a recent evolutionarily developed brain region involved in cognitive functions. Human cognitive functions decline during aging. Yet the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional deterioration of the neural cells of this brain region still remain to be fully described. AREAS COVERED In this review, we explore the role of lipids in hPFC aging. Firstly, we briefly consider the approaches used to identify lipid species in brain tissue with special attention paid to a lipidomics analysis. Then, as the evolution process has conferred a specific lipid profile on the hPFC, we consider the lipidome of hPFC. In addition, the role of lipids in hPFC aging, and in particular, the cognitive decline associated with aging, is discussed. Finally, nutritional and pharmacological interventions designed to modulate this process are examined. It is suggested that the dysfunction of key cellular processes secondarily to the damage of lipid membrane underlies the cognitive decline of hPFC during aging. EXPERT OPINION Lipidomics methods are and will continue to be key tools in the effort to gain additional insights into the aging of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (Udl-irblleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Natalia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (Udl-irblleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Pascual Torres
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (Udl-irblleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (Udl-irblleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona; Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (Udl-irblleida), Lleida, Spain
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Liu Y, Zou Y, Kong L, Bai G, Luo F, Liu Z, Wang C, Ding Z, He F, Wu Z, Zhang Y. Effects of bentonite on the growth process of submerged macrophytes and sediment microenvironment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 287:112308. [PMID: 33706092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of clay mineral bentonite on the growth process of submerged macrophyte V. spiralis and sediment microenvironment were investigated in the study for the first time, aiming to determine whether it is suitable for application in the field of ecological restoration. The growth index, and physiological and biochemical index of V. spiralis in the experiments were measured once a month, and the changes of rhizosphere microorganisms and physicochemical properties of sediments were also studied at the same time. The results demonstrated that bentonite can effectively promote the growth of V. spiralis. The treatment groups of RB1/1 and MB1/5 (the mass ratios of bentonite to sediment were 1/1 and 1/5, respectively.) showed the best V. spiralis growth promotion rates which were 18.78%, and 11.79%, respectively. The highest microbial diversity and abundance existed in group of RB10 (the mass ratio of sediment to bentonite was 10/1), in which the OTUs, Shannon, Chao and Ace were 1521.0, 5.20, 1712.26, and 1686.31, respectively. Bentonite was conducive to the propagation of rhizosphere microorganisms, and further changed the physical and chemical properties of the sediment microenvironment. The nutrient elements dissolved from bentonite may be one of the main reasons that promoted the growth of V. spiralis. The purpose of this result is to prove that bentonite can be further applied as sediment improver and growing media in ecological restoration projects in eutrophic shallow lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yilingyun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingwei Kong
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Guoliang Bai
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Feng Luo
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zisen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zimao Ding
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhenbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Carrard J, Gallart-Ayala H, Infanger D, Teav T, Wagner J, Knaier R, Colledge F, Streese L, Königstein K, Hinrichs T, Hanssen H, Ivanisevic J, Schmidt-Trucksäss A. Metabolic View on Human Healthspan: A Lipidome-Wide Association Study. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050287. [PMID: 33946321 PMCID: PMC8146132 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As ageing is a major risk factor for the development of non-communicable diseases, extending healthspan has become a medical and societal necessity. Precise lipid phenotyping that captures metabolic individuality could support healthspan extension strategies. This study applied ‘omic-scale lipid profiling to characterise sex-specific age-related differences in the serum lipidome composition of healthy humans. A subset of the COmPLETE-Health study, composed of 73 young (25.2 ± 2.6 years, 43% female) and 77 aged (73.5 ± 2.3 years, 48% female) clinically healthy individuals, was investigated, using an untargeted liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry approach. Compared to their younger counterparts, aged females and males exhibited significant higher levels in 138 and 107 lipid species representing 15 and 13 distinct subclasses, respectively. Percentage of difference ranged from 5.8% to 61.7% (females) and from 5.3% to 46.0% (males), with sphingolipid and glycerophophospholipid species displaying the greatest amplitudes. Remarkably, specific sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid species, previously described as cardiometabolically favourable, were found elevated in aged individuals. Furthermore, specific ether-glycerophospholipid and lyso-glycerophosphocholine species displayed higher levels in aged females only, revealing a more favourable lipidome evolution in females. Altogether, age determined the circulating lipidome composition, while lipid species analysis revealed additional findings that were not observed at the subclass level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Carrard
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.G.-A.); (T.T.)
| | - Denis Infanger
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Tony Teav
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.G.-A.); (T.T.)
| | - Jonathan Wagner
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Raphael Knaier
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Flora Colledge
- Division of Sports Science, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Lukas Streese
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Karsten Königstein
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Timo Hinrichs
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.G.-A.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.I.); (A.S.-T.)
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.I.); (A.S.-T.)
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Semchyshyn H. Is carbonyl/AGE/RAGE stress a hallmark of the brain aging? Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:723-734. [PMID: 33742308 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have linked carbonyl stress to many physiological processes. Increase in the levels of carbonyl compounds, derived from both endogenous and exogenous sources, is believed to accompany normal age-related decline as well as different pathologies. Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) are capable of damaging biomolecules via their involvement in a net of nonspecific reactions. In the advanced stages of RCS metabolism, variety of poorly degraded adducts and crosslinks, collectively named advanced glycoxidation end products (AGEs), arises. They are accumulated in an age-dependent manner in different tissues and organs and can contribute to inflammatory processes. In particular, detrimental effects of the end products are realized via activation of the specific receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and RAGE-dependent inflammatory signaling cascade. Although it is unclear, whether carbonyl stress is causal for age-associated impairments or it results from age- and disease-related cell damages, increased levels of RCS and AGEs are tightly related to inflammaging, and therefore, attenuation of the RAGE signaling is suggested as an effective approach for the treatment of inflammation and age-related disorders. The question raised in this review is whether specific metabolism in the aging brain related to carbonyl/RCS/AGE/RAGE stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halyna Semchyshyn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.
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Gianazza E, Brioschi M, Martinez Fernandez A, Casalnuovo F, Altomare A, Aldini G, Banfi C. Lipid Peroxidation in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:49-98. [PMID: 32640910 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ACVDs) continue to be a primary cause of mortality worldwide in adults aged 35-70 years, occurring more often in countries with lower economic development, and they constitute an ever-growing global burden that has a considerable socioeconomic impact on society. The ACVDs encompass diverse pathologies such as coronary artery disease and heart failure (HF), among others. Recent Advances: It is known that oxidative stress plays a relevant role in ACVDs and some of its effects are mediated by lipid oxidation. In particular, lipid peroxidation (LPO) is a process under which oxidants such as reactive oxygen species attack unsaturated lipids, generating a wide array of oxidation products. These molecules can interact with circulating lipoproteins, to diffuse inside the cell and even to cross biological membranes, modifying target nucleophilic sites within biomolecules such as DNA, lipids, and proteins, and resulting in a plethora of biological effects. Critical Issues: This review summarizes the evidence of the effect of LPO in the development and progression of atherosclerosis-based diseases, HF, and other cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the role of protein adduct formation. Moreover, potential therapeutic strategies targeted at lipoxidation in ACVDs are also discussed. Future Directions: The identification of valid biomarkers for the detection of lipoxidation products and adducts may provide insights into the improvement of the cardiovascular risk stratification of patients and the development of therapeutic strategies against the oxidative effects that can then be applied within a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gianazza
- Proteomics Unit, Monzino Cardiology Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Brioschi
- Proteomics Unit, Monzino Cardiology Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Banfi
- Proteomics Unit, Monzino Cardiology Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Rao H, Jalali JA, Johnston TP, Koulen P. Emerging Roles of Dyslipidemia and Hyperglycemia in Diabetic Retinopathy: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:620045. [PMID: 33828528 PMCID: PMC8020813 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.620045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant cause of vision loss and a research subject that is constantly being explored for new mechanisms of damage and potential therapeutic options. There are many mechanisms and pathways that provide numerous options for therapeutic interventions to halt disease progression. The purpose of the present literature review is to explore both basic science research and clinical research for proposed mechanisms of damage in diabetic retinopathy to understand the role of triglyceride and cholesterol dysmetabolism in DR progression. This review delineates mechanisms of damage secondary to triglyceride and cholesterol dysmetabolism vs. mechanisms secondary to diabetes to add clarity to the pathogenesis behind each proposed mechanism. We then analyze mechanisms utilized by both triglyceride and cholesterol dysmetabolism and diabetes to elucidate the synergistic, additive, and common mechanisms of damage in diabetic retinopathy. Gathering this research adds clarity to the role dyslipidemia has in DR and an evaluation of the current peer-reviewed basic science and clinical evidence provides a basis to discern new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Vision Research Center, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Jalali
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Vision Research Center, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Thomas P. Johnston
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Vision Research Center, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Peter Koulen
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Vision Research Center, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Peter Koulen,
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44
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Yumnam S, Subedi L, Kim SY. Glyoxalase System in the Progression of Skin Aging and Skin Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010310. [PMID: 33396745 PMCID: PMC7794849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicarbonyl compounds, including methylglyoxal (MGO) and glyoxal (GO), are mainly formed as byproducts of glucose metabolism. The main glyoxalase system consists of glyoxalase I and II (Glo1 and Glo2) and is the main enzyme involved in the detoxification of dicarbonyl stress, which occurs as an accumulation of MGO or GO due to decreased activity or expression of Glo1. Dicarbonyl stress is a major cause of cellular and tissue dysfunction that causes various health issues, including diabetes, aging, and cancer. The skin is the largest organ in the body. In this review, we discuss the role of the glyoxalase system in the progression of skin aging, and more importantly, skin malignancies. We also discuss the future prospects of the glyoxalase system in other skin abnormalities such as psoriasis and vitiligo, including hyperpigmentation. Finally, in the present review, we suggest the role of glyoxalase in the progression of skin aging and glyoxalase system as a potential target for anticancer drug development for skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Yumnam
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (S.Y.); (L.S.)
| | - Lalita Subedi
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (S.Y.); (L.S.)
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (S.Y.); (L.S.)
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-820-4931
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Dicarbonyl derived post-translational modifications: chemistry bridging biology and aging-related disease. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:97-110. [PMID: 31939602 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In living systems, nucleophilic amino acid residues are prone to non-enzymatic post-translational modification by electrophiles. α-Dicarbonyl compounds are a special type of electrophiles that can react irreversibly with lysine, arginine, and cysteine residues via complex mechanisms to form post-translational modifications known as advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and 3-deoxyglucosone are the major endogenous dicarbonyls, with methylglyoxal being the most well-studied. There are several routes that lead to the formation of dicarbonyl compounds, most originating from glucose and glucose metabolism, such as the non-enzymatic decomposition of glycolytic intermediates and fructosyl amines. Although dicarbonyls are removed continuously mainly via the glyoxalase system, several conditions lead to an increase in dicarbonyl concentration and thereby AGE formation. AGEs have been implicated in diabetes and aging-related diseases, and for this reason the elucidation of their structure as well as protein targets is of great interest. Though the dicarbonyls and reactive protein side chains are of relatively simple nature, the structures of the adducts as well as their mechanism of formation are not that trivial. Furthermore, detection of sites of modification can be demanding and current best practices rely on either direct mass spectrometry or various methods of enrichment based on antibodies or click chemistry followed by mass spectrometry. Future research into the structure of these adducts and protein targets of dicarbonyl compounds may improve the understanding of how the mechanisms of diabetes and aging-related physiological damage occur.
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Reading patterns of proteome damage by glycation, oxidation and nitration: quantitation by stable isotopic dilution analysis LC-MS/MS. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:169-183. [PMID: 32065835 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) provides a high sensitivity, high specificity multiplexed method for concurrent detection of adducts formed by protein glycation, oxidation and nitration, also called AGEomics. Combined with stable isotopic dilution analysis, it provides for robust quantitation of protein glycation, oxidation and nitration adduct analytes. It is the reference method for such measurements. LC-MS/MS has been used to measure glycated, oxidized and nitrated amino acids - also called glycation, oxidation and nitration free adducts, with a concurrent quantitation of the amino acid metabolome in physiological fluids. Similar adduct residues in proteins may be quantitated with prior exhaustive enzymatic hydrolysis. It has also been applied to quantitation of other post-translation modifications, such as citrullination and formation of Nε-(γ-glutamyl)lysine crosslink by transglutaminases. Application to cellular and extracellular proteins gives estimates of the steady-state levels of protein modification by glycation, oxidation and nitration, and measurement of the accumulation of glycation, oxidation and nitration adducts in cell culture medium and urinary excretion gives an indication of flux of adduct formation. Measurement of glycation, oxidation and nitration free adducts in plasma and urine provides for estimates of renal clearance of free adducts. Diagnostic potential in clinical studies has been enhanced by the combination of estimates of multiple adducts in optimized diagnostic algorithms by machine learning. Recent applications have been in early-stage detection of metabolic, vascular and renal disease, and arthritis, metabolic control and risk of developing vascular complication in diabetes, and a blood test for autism.
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Liu Y, Han F, Bai G, Kong L, Liu Z, Wang C, Liu B, He F, Wu Z, Zhang Y. The promotion effects of silicate mineral maifanite on the growth of submerged macrophytes Hydrilla verticillata. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115380. [PMID: 32892006 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of maifanite on the physiological and phytochemical process of submerged macrophytes Hydrilla verticillate (H.verticillata) were investigated for the first time in the study. The growth index: plant biomass, root length, plant height and leaf spacing, and physiological and phytochemical indexes: chlorophyll, soluble protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) content and vitality of the roots of H.verticillata were tested. The results found that maifanite can significantly promote the growth of H.verticillata. The modified maifanite were more conducive to plant growth compared with the raw maifanite, and the MM1 group had the best growth promoting effect. The physiological and phytochemical indexes showed that maifanite can delay the aging process of H.verticillata (P < 0.05). The possible reasons for promoting H.verticillata growth were that maifanite can provide excellent propagation conditions for plant rhizosphere microorganisms, contains abundant major and microelements, and improve the sediment microenvironment. This study may provide a technique for the further application of maifanite in the field of ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Fan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Guoliang Bai
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Lingwei Kong
- Environmental Research and Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310007, PR China
| | - Zisen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Chuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Biyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Zhenbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
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Parkinson E, Aleksic M, Kukic P, Bailey A, Cubberley R, Skipp P. Proteomic analysis of the cellular response to a potent sensitiser unveils the dynamics of haptenation in living cells. Toxicology 2020; 445:152603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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The Advanced Lipoxidation End-Product Malondialdehyde-Lysine in Aging and Longevity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111132. [PMID: 33203089 PMCID: PMC7696601 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonenzymatic adduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) to the protein amino groups leads to the formation of malondialdehyde-lysine (MDALys). The degree of unsaturation of biological membranes and the intracellular oxidative conditions are the main factors that modulate MDALys formation. The low concentration of this modification in the different cellular components, found in a wide diversity of tissues and animal species, is indicative of the presence of a complex network of cellular protection mechanisms that avoid its cytotoxic effects. In this review, we will focus on the chemistry of this lipoxidation-derived protein modification, the specificity of MDALys formation in proteins, the methodology used for its detection and quantification, the MDA-lipoxidized proteome, the metabolism of MDA-modified proteins, and the detrimental effects of this protein modification. We also propose that MDALys is an indicator of the rate of aging based on findings which demonstrate that (i) MDALys accumulates in tissues with age, (ii) the lower the concentration of MDALys the greater the longevity of the animal species, and (iii) its concentration is attenuated by anti-aging nutritional and pharmacological interventions.
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Smertina E, Fedyanina L, Lyakh V. The hepatoprotective effect of breads with extracts of plants growing in the Far East. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2020. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2020-2-232-240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breads with proven hepatoprotective properties can make a significant contribution to preventing liver disease. This work aimed to study hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of breads enriched with water and ethanol extracts of polyphenol-containing viburnum (Viburnum sargentii Koehne L.), magnolia-vine (Schisandra chinensis L.), and grapes (Vitis amurénsis L.). It was based on an experimental model of toxic hepatitis in mice intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride. Experimental groups of animals were fed on bread with extracts for 7 days and control groups had a bread-free diet. We analysed their body weight, liver lipid metabolism, “lipid peroxidation – antioxidant protection” system, and antiradical activity. The level of reduced glutathione and malonic dialdehyde was determined by micro-thin-layer chromatography. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase activity was measured to analyse the antioxidant system. The total content of common polyphenols in breads was determined by the colorimetric method with the Folin-Chocalteu reagent. The animals on a bread-free diet showed an impaired lipid metabolism and higher activity of liver enzymes. They had a 22% increase in liver weight and a 1.9 times depletion of antiradical protection (6.65 ± 0.15 Trolox units/mg protein vs. 13.15 ± 0.21 Trolox units/mg protein in the control; P < 0.001). We also registered a 2.5 times decrease in superoxide dismutase, a key enzyme of the antioxidant defence system. The animals fed on breads with the above extracts showed a statistically significant normalization of the parameters, compared to the bread-free group. We found that those breads had hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects on the animals, stabilizing their general condition and normalizing their biochemical parameters and antioxidant system.
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