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Chamorro F, Otero P, Carpena M, Fraga-Corral M, Echave J, Seyyedi-Mansour S, Cassani L, Prieto MA. Health Benefits of Oily Fish: Illustrated with Blue Shark ( Prionace glauca), Shortfin Mako Shark ( Isurus oxyrinchus), and Swordfish ( Xiphias gladius). Nutrients 2023; 15:4919. [PMID: 38068777 PMCID: PMC10708079 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oily fish is a rich source of energy, proteins, essential amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. Among the macronutrients with the highest contribution are lipids, mainly long-chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LC-PUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Both EPA and DHA play a beneficial role in promoting health and preventing many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke and acute myocardial infarction. They also contribute to the prevention of neurological, metabolic, and immune-system-related diseases, as well as supporting body-weight control. Oily fish consumption is also important at different stages of human life, from conception to old age. For example, DHA plays an important role in brain and retina development during fetal development and in the first two years of life, as it positively influences neurodevelopment, such as visual acuity, and cognitive functions. In contrast with the possible health benefits of the intake of oily fish, the presence of certain chemical pollutants, for example, heavy metals, can be a risk for the health of consumers, mainly in sensitive population groups such as pregnant women and children under 2 years of age. The presence of these pollutants is influenced to a greater extent by fish species, their role in the trophic chain, and their size. However, various studies state that the benefits outweigh the risk of consuming certain species. This review will be focused on the health benefits of the intake of three oily fish species, namely blue shark (Prionace glauca), shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), and swordfish (Xiphias gladius).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (F.C.); (P.O.); (M.C.); (M.F.-C.); (J.E.); (S.S.-M.); (L.C.)
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2
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Bielmyer-Fraser GK, Franks B, Somerville R, Hueter R, Newton AL, Fischer C. Tissue metal concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activity in western north Atlantic white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106641. [PMID: 37506482 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic practices have increased metal contamination in marine ecosystems. Most sharks have long lifespans, occupy an important ecological position at the top of marine food webs, and can accumulate metals. However, reference levels of metal contaminants in the tissues of sharks, particularly, apex predators such as the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), are lacking. In this study, concentrations of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), silver (Ag), and zinc (Zn) were measured in the muscle tissue of white (n = 42) and tiger (Galeocerdo cuvier; n = 3) sharks. Metal exposure in various species, including sharks, has been correlated with increased oxidative stress. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to assess metal accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) in the muscle tissue of the population of white sharks and tiger sharks inhabiting the Western North Atlantic. The measured parameters were qualitatively compared between species. The small sample size of tiger sharks (collected from only one site) limited statistical analyses, therefore, white sharks were the primary focus of this study. Differences in tissue metal (Cu, Cd, Ni, and Zn) concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activities were detected based on collection site, with significant positive correlations between Cd and enzymes, SOD and CAT, and Zn and enzymes, SOD and GPx in C. carcharias. Differences in Ni concentration were detected based on sex, with females having higher Ni levels. Additionally, plasma osmolality was not correlated with tissue metal concentrations; however, osmolality decreased with increasing length in C. carcharias. This study is the first to report baseline levels of Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Ag, and Pb in muscle of North Atlantic white sharks and provides new insights into oxidative stress responses of these sensitive species to metal contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan Franks
- Jacksonville University, 2800 University Blvd. North, Jacksonville, FL 32211, USA
| | - Rachel Somerville
- Jacksonville University, 2800 University Blvd. North, Jacksonville, FL 32211, USA
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3
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Alves LMF, Moutinho AB, Gómez LJ, Oropesa AL, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Jiménez B, Lemos MFL, Fonseca VF, Cabral H, Novais SC. Evidence of contamination-associated damage in blue sharks (Prionace glauca) from the Northeast Atlantic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162095. [PMID: 36791860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Top predators such as most shark species are extremely vulnerable to amassing high concentrations of contaminants, but not much is known about the effects that the contaminant body burden imparts on these animals. Species like the blue shark (Prionace glauca) are very relevant in this regard, as they have high ecological and socioeconomic value, and have the potential to act as bioindicators of pollution. This work aimed to assess if differences in contaminant body burden found in blue sharks from the Northeast Atlantic would translate into differences in stress responses. Biochemical responses related to detoxification and oxidative stress, and histological alterations were assessed in the liver and gills of 60 blue sharks previously found to have zone-related contamination differences. Similar zone-related differences were found in biomarker responses, with the sharks from the most contaminated zone exhibiting more pronounced responses. Additionally, strong positive correlations were found between contaminants (i.e., As, PCBs, and PBDEs) and relevant biomarkers (e.g., damaged DNA and protective histological alterations). The present results are indicative of the potential that this species and these tools have to be used to monitor pollution in different areas of the Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís M F Alves
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal.
| | - Ariana B Moutinho
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Luis J Gómez
- Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy Area, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Cáceres 10003, Spain; BRILiC - Biotechnology Research Institute in Livestock & Cynegetic, University of Extremadura, Cáceres 10003, Spain
| | - Ana L Oropesa
- BRILiC - Biotechnology Research Institute in Livestock & Cynegetic, University of Extremadura, Cáceres 10003, Spain; Toxicology Area, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Cáceres 10003, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Dept. of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Dept. of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Vanessa F Fonseca
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Sara C Novais
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
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4
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Martins MF, Costa PG, Guerreiro ADS, Bianchini A. Consequences of prenatal exposure to contaminants in elasmobranchs: Biochemical outcomes during the embryonic development of Pseudobatos horkelii. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121276. [PMID: 36791946 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Coastal elasmobranchs are vulnerable to chemicals mostly due to their k-strategic life history characteristics and high trophic positions. Embryos might be particularly exposed through the maternal offloading of contaminants, possibly leading to disruptions during critical developmental phases. Yet, knowledge on biochemical outcomes of prenatal exposure in elasmobranchs is notably limited. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal exposure to contaminants in embryos of the critically endangered Brazilian guitarfish, Pseudobatos horkelii. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and metals were determined in embryos. Additionally, glutathione S-transferase activity (GST), glutathione (GSH), and metallothionein levels (MT) were analyzed. Finally, lipid peroxidation levels (LPO) and protein carbonyl groups (PCO) were assessed. Embryonic exposure depended on yolk consumption, which was conspicuous in earlier development. We observed a dilution effect of contaminants levels, potentially related to biotransformation of these compounds throughout the embryonic development. Nevertheless, GST was not correlated to contaminant concentrations. The multivariate relationship between antioxidant components (GSH and GST) and LPO and PCO was negative, suggesting the lack of efficient defense of these biomarkers in early development, leading to oxidative damage. In this context, our results indicate that prenatal exposure to contaminants might impact the redox status in embryos of P. horkelii, leading to oxidative damage. Furthermore, metal concentrations influenced MT levels, suggesting this as a potential detoxification pathway in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana F Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia G Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda da S Guerreiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo - USP. Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
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5
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Filice M, Reinero FR, Cerra MC, Faggio C, Leonetti FL, Micarelli P, Giglio G, Sperone E, Barca D, Imbrogno S. Contamination by Trace Elements and Oxidative Stress in the Skeletal Muscle of Scyliorhinus canicula from the Central Tyrrhenian Sea. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020524. [PMID: 36830082 PMCID: PMC9952106 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine pollution, due to the regular discharge of contaminants by various anthropogenic sources, is a growing problem that imposes detrimental influences on natural species. Sharks, because of a diet based on smaller polluted animals, are exposed to the risk of water contamination and the subsequent bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Trace elements are very diffuse water pollutants and able to induce oxidative stress in a variety of marine organisms. However, to date, studies on sharks are rather scarce and often limited to mercury. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze the accumulation of trace elements and their putative correlation with the onset of an oxidative status in the muscle of the lesser spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula, from the Central Mediterranean Sea. Ecotoxicological analysis detected the presence of Pb, As, Cd, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Fe; no significant differences were observed between sexes, while a negative correlation was found between Pb and animal length. Analysis of oxidative stress markers showed either positive or negative correlation with respect to the presence of trace elements. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS) positively correlated with Zn, Ni, and Fe; SOD enzyme activity negatively correlated with Cu and Ni; LDH was negatively correlated with Fe and positively correlated with Pb. Moreover, positive correlations between the leukocyte count and Mn and Zn, as well as with LDH activity, were also observed. The data suggested that, in sharks, trace elements accumulation may affect oxidant and antioxidant processes with important outcomes for their physiology and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacristina Filice
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | | | - Maria Carmela Cerra
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Primo Micarelli
- Sharks Studies Center—Scientific Institute, 58024 Massa Marittima, Italy
| | - Gianni Giglio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Emilio Sperone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Donatella Barca
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Sandra Imbrogno
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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6
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Alves LMF, Lemos MFL, Cabral H, Novais SC. Elasmobranchs as bioindicators of pollution in the marine environment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 176:113418. [PMID: 35150988 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioindicator species are increasingly valuable in environmental pollution monitoring, and elasmobranch species include many suitable candidates for that role. By measuring contaminants and employing biomarkers of effect in relevant elasmobranch species, scientists may gain important insights about the impacts of pollution in marine ecosystems. This review compiles biomarkers applied in elasmobranchs to assess the effect of pollutants (e.g., metals, persistent organic pollutants, and plastics), and the environmental changes induced by anthropogenic activities (e.g., shifts in marine temperature, pH, and oxygenation). Over 30 biomarkers measured in more than 12 species were examined, including biotransformation biomarkers (e.g., cytochrome P450 1A), oxidative stress-related biomarkers (e.g., superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation, catalase, and vitamins), stress proteins (e.g., heat shock protein 70), reproductive and endocrine biomarkers (e.g., vitellogenin), osmoregulation biomarkers (e.g., trimethylamine N-oxide, Na+/K+-ATPase, and plasma ions), energetic and neurotoxic biomarkers (e.g., lactate dehydrogenase, lactate, and cholinesterases), and histopathological and morphologic biomarkers (e.g., tissue lesions and gross indices).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís M F Alves
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal.
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal
| | | | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal
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7
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Ozturk M, Metin M, Altay V, Bhat RA, Ejaz M, Gul A, Unal BT, Hasanuzzaman M, Nibir L, Nahar K, Bukhari A, Dervash MA, Kawano T. Arsenic and Human Health: Genotoxicity, Epigenomic Effects, and Cancer Signaling. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:988-1001. [PMID: 33864199 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02719-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-known element because of its toxicity. Humans as well as plants and animals are negatively affected by its exposure. Some countries suffer from high levels of arsenic in their tap water and soils, which is considered a primary arsenic-linked risk factor for living beings. Humans generally get exposed to arsenic by contaminated drinking waters, resulting in many health problems, ranging from cancer to skin diseases. On the other hand, the FDA-certified drug arsenic trioxide provides solutions for various diseases, including several types of cancers. This issue emphasizes the importance of speciation of the metalloid elements in terms of impacts on health. When species get exposed to arsenic, it affects the cells altering their involvement. It can lead to abnormalities in inflammatory mechanisms and the immune system which contribute to the negative impacts generated on the body. The poisoning originating from arsenic gives rise to various biological signs on the body which can be useful for the diagnosis. It is important to find true biomarkers for the detection of arsenic poisoning. In view of its application in medicine and biology, studies on understanding the biological activity of arsenic have increased. In this review, we aim at summarizing the current state of knowledge of arsenic and the mechanism behind its toxicity including genotoxicity, oxidative insults, epigenomic changes, and alterations in cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir Ozturk
- Department of Botany and Centre for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Mert Metin
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Volkan Altay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Rouf Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Environmental Science, Sri Pratap College, Cluster University Srinagar, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Mahnoor Ejaz
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, Nat. University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alvina Gul
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, Nat. University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bengu Turkyilmaz Unal
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Dept. of Biotechnology, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lutfunnahar Nibir
- Upazilla Health Complex, Ministry of Health, Government of the People's, Homna, Comilla, Bangladesh
| | - Kamuran Nahar
- Dept. of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricul. University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Andleep Bukhari
- Medical Pharmacology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Moonisa Aslam Dervash
- Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Tomonori Kawano
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
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8
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Pollution Biomarkers in the Framework of Marine Biodiversity Conservation: State of Art and Perspectives. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13131847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Marine biodiversity is threatened by several anthropogenic pressures. Pollution deriving from the discharge of chemical contaminants in the sea represents one of the main threats to the marine environment, influencing the health of organisms, their ability to recover their homeostatic status, and in turn endangering biodiversity. Molecular and cellular responses to chemical pollutants, known as biomarkers, are effect-based methodologies useful for detecting exposure and for assessing the effects of pollutants on biota in environmental monitoring. The present review analyzes and discusses the recent literature on the use of biomarkers in the framework of biodiversity conservation. The study shows that pollution biomarkers can be useful tools for monitoring and assessment of pollution threat to marine biodiversity, both in the environmental quality monitoring of protected areas and the assessment of the health status of species at risk. Moreover, key areas of the research that need further development are suggested, such as the development of omics-based biomarkers specifically addressed to conservation purposes and their validation in the field, the extension of the biomarker study to a wider number of endangered species, and the development of organic guidelines for the application of the biomarker approach in support to conservation policies and management.
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9
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Wosnick N, Niella Y, Hammerschlag N, Chaves AP, Hauser-Davis RA, da Rocha RCC, Jorge MB, de Oliveira RWS, Nunes JLS. Negative metal bioaccumulation impacts on systemic shark health and homeostatic balance. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112398. [PMID: 33906010 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contamination by metals is among the most pervasive anthropogenic threats to the environment. Despite the ecological importance of marine apex predators, the potential negative impacts of metal bioaccumulation and biomagnification on the health of higher trophic level species remains unclear. To date, most toxicology studies in sharks have focused on measuring metal concentrations in muscle tissues associating human consumption and food safety, without further investigating potential impacts on shark health. To help address this knowledge gap, the present study evaluated metal concentrations in the gills, muscle, liver and rectal gland of coastal sharks opportunistically sampled from Brazilian waters and tested for potential relationships between metal bioaccumulation and general shark health and homeostatic balance metrics. Results revealed high metal concentrations in all four tissue types, with levels varying in relation to size, sex, and life-stage. Metal concentrations were also associated with serum biomarkers (urea, lactate, ALT, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, and phosphorus) and body condition, suggesting potential negative impacts on organismal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Wosnick
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Yuri Niella
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Neil Hammerschlag
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Ana Paula Chaves
- Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (USP), SP, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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10
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Álvaro-Berlanga S, Calatayud-Pavía CE, Cruz-Ramírez A, Soto-Jiménez MF, Liñán-Cabello MA. Trace elements in muscle tissue of three commercial shark species: Prionace glauca, Carcharhinus falciformis, and Alopias pelagicus off the Manzanillo, Colima coast, Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22679-22692. [PMID: 33423198 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Given their predatory characteristics, long life, and high trophic levels, sharks can have a remarkable ability to bioaccumulate and/or biomagnify trace elements (TE). In the present study, 13 TE (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, As, Se, Zn, Cr, V, Fe, Ni, Co, and Mn) were analyzed in the muscle tissue of three shark species (Prionace glauca, Carcharhinus falciformis, and Alopias pelagicus) using high-resolution mass spectrometry inductively coupled to a plasma generator (HR-ICP-MS); 30 shark specimens of each specie were obtained during commercial fish landings in the port of Manzanillo, Mexico. The morphometric characteristics and sex of the sharks were recorded. Shark A. pelagicus accumulated higher concentrations of TE, especially for Hg and Cd, than the other species. Significant differences in the TE levels were detected between sexes in P. glauca and A. pelagicus; in all cases, the highest concentrations were found in female muscle tissue. The ability of sharks to bioaccumulate ETs depends of the metals (essentials higher than non-essential) but is explained mainly by feeding habits associated to sexes (population segregation) and size (ontogeny). The association between TE in shark specimens was related to the essentiality, their antagonistic action, and origin. The Se/Hg ratio was significantly higher than 1, evidence of the protective role of dietary Se against Hg uptake and toxicity in all specimens of the three shark species. Also, the elevate inverse correlation of As and Cd versus Se could indicate a protective action of Se against these toxic metals, but the mechanism must be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Álvaro-Berlanga
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Laguna, Avda. Asfrodisicao Francisco Sánchez, SN. Edificio Calabaza and 2 Apto. 456, 38200, San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Clara E Calatayud-Pavía
- Fundación México Azul, A. C, Avenida México 141, Colonia del Carmen, Coyoacán, C.P. 04100, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Angelica Cruz-Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad de Colima, Km 19.5 Carretera Manzanillo Barra de Navidad, C.P. 28860, Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico
| | - Martin F Soto-Jiménez
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Joel Montes Camarena S/N Apartado Postal 811, C.P. 82040, Mazatlán, Sin, México
| | - Marco A Liñán-Cabello
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad de Colima, Km 19.5 Carretera Manzanillo Barra de Navidad, C.P. 28860, Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico.
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11
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Bergés-Tiznado ME, Vélez D, Devesa V, Márquez-Farías JF, Páez-Osuna F. Arsenic in Tissues and Prey Species of the Scalloped Hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) from the SE Gulf of California. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 80:624-633. [PMID: 33740087 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation of arsenic (As) in the muscle, liver, kidneys, and brain of the shark Sphyrna lewini was measured in 40 juvenile specimens from southeast Gulf of California. Additionally, the biomagnification factor was calculated through prey items from stomach contents of the analyzed specimens. The concentrations of As (mg kg-1, wet weight) were higher in the muscle (10.1 ± 0.3) and liver (9.4 ± 0.5) than in the brain (4.5 ± 0.3) and kidneys (4.2 ± 0.2), which may be attributed to the biological functions of each tissue. Positive correlations were found between the levels of As in muscle and liver with the biological parameters of S. lewini. Hammerhead sharks feed mainly of teleost fishes with low As values (Clupeidae fishes, 1.1 ± 0.5; Sciaenidae fishes, 1.0 ± 0.6; Scomber japonicus, 1.2 ± 0.6; and Etropus crossotus 2.1 ± 0.4) compared with the predator, indicating biomagnification. Inorganic arsenic (Asi) in muscle was estimated as 3% of the total As, although muscle consumption is unlikely to represent a risk (HQ < 1) in humans. Moreover, the probabilities of developing cancer were estimated as low (3.99 × 10-5 to 3.32 × 10-6). To avoid health risks related to As, a weekly ration must not exceed 69.3 and 484.8 g in children and adults, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena E Bergés-Tiznado
- Posgrado en Ciencias de Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, P.O. Box 811, C.P. 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
- Unidad Académica de Ingeniería en Tecnología Ambiental, Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa, Carretera Municipal Libre Mazatlán-Higueras km. 3, C.P. 82199, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - Dinoraz Vélez
- Instituto de Agroquímica Y Tecnología de Alimentos, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicenta Devesa
- Instituto de Agroquímica Y Tecnología de Alimentos, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Fernando Márquez-Farías
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen S/N Col. Centro, C.P. 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Federico Páez-Osuna
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, P.O. Box 811, C.P. 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
- El Colegio de Sinaloa, Antonio Rosales 435 Pte. Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
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12
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Norris SB, Reistad NA, Rumbold DG. Mercury in neonatal and juvenile blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus). Part II: Effects assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:311-322. [PMID: 33447940 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As apex predators, blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus) are highly susceptible to biomagnified mercury (Hg) particularly in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), which is known to contain fishes and invertebrates with elevated Hg levels. Blacktip sharks occur in the GOM year-round and are heavily fished both commercially and recreationally, but little is known about how Hg affects the species. In this study, blood, muscle, liver, and kidney samples were collected from neonatal (n = 57) and juvenile (n = 13) blacktip sharks in Charlotte Harbor, Florida. Hg concentrations in neonates and juveniles were found to be elevated in muscle (mean ± SE = 0.59 ± 0.23 mg kg-1), liver (0.39 ± 0.29 mg kg-1), kidney (0.56 ± 0.25 mg kg-1), and blood (0.059 ± 0.041 mg kg-1) compared to other local shark species and conspecifics from other areas. Blood plasma chemistry, hematology, and liver histology were evaluated to assess the relationship between Hg and tissue damage. Plasma chemistry parameters alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and phosphorus (PHOS) were not correlated with tissue Hg or liver condition index. Hematological effects were also not correlated with tissue Hg. However, melanomacrophage presence and lipid deposition, evaluated as part of histopathological analysis, were found to exhibit a statistically significant association with concentrations of Hg in tissue and ALT levels. These results suggest that Hg exposure potentially had a negative effect on the livers of the blacktip sharks evaluated in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Norris
- Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Blvd South, Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA.
| | - Nicole A Reistad
- Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Blvd South, Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA
| | - Darren G Rumbold
- Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Blvd South, Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA
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13
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Consales G, Marsili L. Assessment of the conservation status of Chondrichthyans: underestimation of the pollution threat. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2020.1858981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Consales
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - L. Marsili
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Inter-University Center of Cetacean Research (CIRCE), Siena, Italy
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14
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Dzyuba V, Ninhaus-Silveira A, Veríssimo-Silveira R, Rodina M, Dzyuba B. Sperm antioxidant system in ocellate river stingray Potamotrygon motoro at transition from seminal vesicle to cloaca. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1975-1980. [PMID: 32676985 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The importance of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant system in sperm biology has been recognized for different bony fishes but nothing is known in this regard for chondrichthyans. For the first time for cartilaginous fishes, the enzymatic antioxidant system was shown herein to be present in both fractions of sperm (spermatozoa and seminal fluid) collected from two different places (seminal vesicle and cloaca). In internally fertilizing freshwater ocellate river stingray, Potamotrygon motoro, the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase was not changed upon sperm transition from the seminal vesicle to the cloaca. The activity of catalase was significantly increased for both sperm fractions at transition from the seminal vesicle to the cloaca (1.6 times for spermatozoa and 1.9 times for seminal fluid). The role of the sperm antioxidant system for different aspects of internal fertilization is discussed. The presented results are the initiatory step in uncovering the biochemical events of internal reproduction in Chondrichthyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Dzyuba
- Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexandre Ninhaus-Silveira
- Neotropical Ichthyology Laboratory (LINEO), Department of Biology and Zootechny, Ilha Solteira School of Engineering, São Paulo State University, Monção Street, 226, Ilha Solteira, SP, 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Rosicleire Veríssimo-Silveira
- Neotropical Ichthyology Laboratory (LINEO), Department of Biology and Zootechny, Ilha Solteira School of Engineering, São Paulo State University, Monção Street, 226, Ilha Solteira, SP, 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Marek Rodina
- Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Borys Dzyuba
- Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
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15
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Tiktak GP, Butcher D, Lawrence PJ, Norrey J, Bradley L, Shaw K, Preziosi R, Megson D. Are concentrations of pollutants in sharks, rays and skates (Elasmobranchii) a cause for concern? A systematic review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111701. [PMID: 33181965 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review represents a comprehensive analysis on pollutants in elasmobranchs including meta-analysis on the most studied pollutants: mercury, cadmium, PCBs and DDTs, in muscle and liver tissue. Elasmobranchs are particularly vulnerable to pollutant exposure which may pose a risk to the organism as well as humans that consume elasmobranch products. The highest concentrations of pollutants were found in sharks occupying top trophic levels (Carcharhiniformes and Lamniformes). A human health risk assessment identified that children and adults consuming shark once a week are exposed to over three times more mercury than is recommended by the US EPA. This poses a risk to local fishing communities and international consumers of shark-based products, as well as those subject to the widespread mislabelling of elasmobranch products. Wider screening studies are recommended to determine the risk to elasmobranchs from emerging pollutants and more robust studies are recommended to assess the risks to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guuske P Tiktak
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
| | - Demi Butcher
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Peter J Lawrence
- Bangor University, School of Ocean Sciences, Askew St, Menai Bridge, Wales LL59 5AB, UK
| | - John Norrey
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Lee Bradley
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Kirsty Shaw
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Richard Preziosi
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - David Megson
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
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16
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Somerville R, Fisher M, Persson L, Ehnert-Russo S, Gelsleichter J, Bielmyer-Fraser G. Analysis of Trace Element Concentrations and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Muscle Tissue of the Atlantic Sharpnose Shark, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 79:371-390. [PMID: 32865634 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metals occur naturally in the environment; however, anthropogenic practices have greatly increased metal concentrations in waterways, sediments, and biota. Metals pose health risks to marine organisms and have been associated with oxidative stress, which can lead to protein denaturation, DNA mutations, and cellular apoptosis. Sharks are important species ecologically, recreationally, and commercially. Because they occupy a high trophic level, assessing muscle tissue metal concentrations in sharks may reflect metal transfer in marine food webs. In this study, concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, selenium, silver, and zinc were measured in the muscle of Rhizoprionodon terraenovae (Atlantic sharpnose shark) from 12 sites along the coast of the southeastern United States. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) also were examined in the muscle tissue of R. terraenovae. A total of 165 samples were analyzed, and differences in trace element bioaccumulation and enzyme activity were observed across sites. R. terraenovae samples collected from South Florida and South Carolina had the highest cumulative trace element concentrations whereas those collected from North Carolina and Alabama had the lowest cumulative concentrations. Trace element concentrations in shark muscle tissue were significantly correlated to antioxidant enzyme activity, particularly with glutathione peroxidase, suggesting that this enzyme may serve as a non-lethal, biomarker of metal exposure in R. terraenovae. This is one of the most extensive studies providing reference levels of trace elements and oxidative stress enzymes in a single elasmobranch species within the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Somerville
- Jacksonville University, 2800 University Blvd N, Jacksonville, FL, 32211, USA.
| | - Maya Fisher
- Jacksonville University, 2800 University Blvd N, Jacksonville, FL, 32211, USA
| | - Louise Persson
- Jacksonville University, 2800 University Blvd N, Jacksonville, FL, 32211, USA
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17
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Lara A, Galván-Magaña F, Elorriaga-Verplancken F, Marmolejo-Rodríguez AJ, Gonzalez-Armas R, Arreola-Mendoza L, Sujitha SB, Jonathan MP. Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of potentially toxic elements in the pelagic thresher shark Alopias pelagicus in Baja California Sur, Mexico. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 156:111192. [PMID: 32365003 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pelagic thresher shark (Alopias pelagicus) is a circumglobal species with high ecological and economic importance. Concentrations of mercury, selenium and cadmium in the muscle and liver tissues of A. pelagicus captured from Baja California Sur, Mexico were determined for assessing the potential human hazard. Results revealed that the average concentrations of Hg (0.76 mg kg-1) and Cd (0.18 mg kg-1) in muscle tissues were below the maximum permissible limits for human consumption. Se in the muscles were relatively low (mean: 0.30 mg kg-1 -1) resulting in a molar excess of Hg over Se. Average levels of hepatic Cd were extremely higher than the maximum limit for consumption. Organotropism of Hg was muscle > liver, whereas Se and Cd presented an order of liver > muscle. Biomagnification Factor (BMF) emphasized the trophic transfer of elements. Selenium Health Benefit value was negative (-3.76) posing potential health risks demanding regular monitoring for health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariagna Lara
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Fernando Elorriaga-Verplancken
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Ana Judith Marmolejo-Rodríguez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Gonzalez-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Laura Arreola-Mendoza
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, C.P.07340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - S B Sujitha
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Mexicano para la Producción más Limpia (CMP+L), Av. Acueducto s/n, Col. Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M P Jonathan
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, C.P.07340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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18
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Pancaldi F, Páez-Osuna F, Soto-Jiménez MF, González-Armas R, O'Hara T, Marmolejo-Rodríguez AJ, Vázquez A, Galván-Magaña F. Trace Elements in Tissues of Whale Sharks (Rhincodon typus) Stranded in the Gulf of California, Mexico. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 103:515-520. [PMID: 31143976 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Concentration of essential (Se, Zn and Cu) and non-essential (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) trace elements were measured in selected tissues of two dead whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) stranded in the Gulf of California (GC) in 2017 and 2018. Concentrations of Cd and Pb in the skeletal muscle of the whale shark from La Paz Bay, GC were higher compared to a previous study on whale shark from China. The shark from La Paz Bay also presented higher concentration of Pb in the epidermis, compared to the same tissue of the other whale shark stranded in Punta Bufeo, GC. The Hg in all analysed tissues was lower than those documented in carnivorous sharks. Molar ratio Se:Hg shows an excess of Se over Hg in all the tissues sampled in both sharks.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pancaldi
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, La Paz, BCS, 23096, Mexico
| | - F Páez-Osuna
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar Y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - M F Soto-Jiménez
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar Y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - R González-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, La Paz, BCS, 23096, Mexico
| | - T O'Hara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-7000, USA
| | - A J Marmolejo-Rodríguez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, La Paz, BCS, 23096, Mexico
| | - A Vázquez
- Asociación de Pesca Deportiva Y Ecoturismo de Bahía de Los Ángeles, Domicilio Conocido, Bahía de Los Ángeles, Baja California, 22980, Mexico
| | - F Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, La Paz, BCS, 23096, Mexico.
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19
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Risk assessment of mercury in sharks (Rhizoprionodon longurio) caught in the coastal zone of Northwest Mexico. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-019-01232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Torres P, Tristão da Cunha R, Rodrigues ADS. Mid-Atlantic elasmobranchs: Suitable metal scouts? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 117:203-213. [PMID: 28179057 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are a hazard to marine fauna and human health. In this study we assess stable isotopes and metal content in Prionace glauca and Isurus oxyrinchus and analyse these results within and among other species and across regions and geographical areas. Also, we evaluate their suitability, together with Raja clavata and Galeorhinus galeus, as Mid-Atlantic bioindicators. Prionace glauca and I. oxyrinchus shared the same trophic level in a pelagic food web and did not present significant differences between genders or metals, except for As. Arsenic and Hg accumulated while Cd and Pb were not detected. One I. oxyrinchus presented Hg values above regulatory limits. A high Hg exposure was associated with I. oxyrinchus since its maximum weekly intake was exceeded. Elasmobranchs can be used as metal sentinels, each presenting different key features which defines a good marine bioindicator, allowing long-term monitoring at different temporal and spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Torres
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores. Rua Mãe de Deus, 58, 9500-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
| | - Regina Tristão da Cunha
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores. Rua Mãe de Deus, 58, 9500-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Armindo Dos Santos Rodrigues
- IVAR, Instituto de Investigação em Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
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21
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Molecular insight of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis and its prevention. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:443-455. [PMID: 28229170 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Population of India and Bangladesh and many other parts of the world are badly exposed to arsenic through drinking water. Due to non-availability of safe drinking water, they are dependent on arsenic-contaminated water. Generally, poverty level is high in those areas with lack of proper nutrition. Arsenic is considered to be an environmental contaminant and widely distributed in the environment due to its natural existence and anthropogenic applications. Contamination of arsenic in both human and animal could occur through air, soil, and other sources. Arsenic exposure mainly occurs in food materials through drinking water with high levels of arsenic in it. High levels of arsenic in groundwater have been found to be associated with various health-related problems including arsenicosis, skin lesions, cardiovascular diseases, reproductive problems, psychological, neurological, immunotoxic, and carcinogenesis. The mechanism of arsenic toxicity consists in its transformation in metaarsenite, which acylates protein sulfhydryl groups, affect on mitochondria by inhibiting succinic dehydrogenase activity and can uncouple oxidative phosphorylation with production of active oxygen species by tissues. A variety of dietary antioxidant supplements are useful to protect the carcinogenetic effects of arsenic. They play crucial role for counteracting oxidative damage and protect carcinogenesis by chelating with heavy metal moiety. Phytochemicals and chelating agents will be beneficial for combating heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis through its biopharmaceutical properties.
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22
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McKinney MA, Dean K, Hussey NE, Cliff G, Wintner SP, Dudley SFJ, Zungu MP, Fisk AT. Global versus local causes and health implications of high mercury concentrations in sharks from the east coast of South Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:176-183. [PMID: 26409147 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Conservation concern regarding the overharvest of global shark populations for meat and fin consumption largely surrounds documented deleterious ecosystem effects, but may be further supported by improved knowledge of possibly high levels in their edible tissues (particularly meat) of the neurotoxin, methylmercury (CH3Hg). For many regions, however, little data exist on shark tissue Hg concentrations, and reasons for Hg variation within and among species or across regions are poorly understood. We quantified total Hg (THg) in 17 shark species (total n=283) from the east coast of South Africa, a top Hg emitter globally. Concentrations varied from means of around 0.1 mg kg(-1) dry weight (dw) THg in hardnose smoothhound (Mustelus mosis) and whale (Rhincodon typus) sharks to means of over 10 mg kg(-1) dw in shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus), scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini), white (Carcharodon carcharias) and ragged-tooth (Carcharias taurus) sharks. These sharks had higher THg levels than conspecifics sampled from coastal waters of the North Atlantic and North, mid-, and South Pacific, and although sampling year and shark size may play a confounding role, this result suggests the potential importance of elevated local emissions. Values of THg showed strong, species-specific correlations with length, and nearly half the remaining variation was explained by trophic position (using nitrogen stable isotopes, δ(15)N), whereas measures of foraging habitat (using carbon stable isotopes, δ(13)C) were not significant. Mercury concentrations were above the regulatory guidelines for fish health effects and safe human consumption for 88% and 70% of species, respectively, suggesting on-going cause for concern for shark health, and human consumers of shark meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A McKinney
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Kylie Dean
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Nigel E Hussey
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Geremy Cliff
- KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks 4320, South Africa; Biomedical Resource Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sabine P Wintner
- KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks 4320, South Africa; Biomedical Resource Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sheldon F J Dudley
- KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks 4320, South Africa; Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Cape Town 8012, South Africa
| | - M Philip Zungu
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Cape Town 8012, South Africa
| | - Aaron T Fisk
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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23
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Vélez-Alavez M, De Anda-Montañez JA, Galván-Magaña F, Zenteno-Savín T. Comparative study of enzymatic antioxidants in muscle of elasmobranch and teleost fishes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 187:61-5. [PMID: 25952027 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exercise may cause an imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants. In skeletal muscle, oxygen flow can increase considerably during vigorous exercise. The antioxidant system in athletes contributes to neutralize the concomitant rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The objective of this study was to compare the antioxidant system in muscle of three species of elasmobranchs and teleosts, considering differences in swimming capacity among species within each group and evolutionary differences between the two groups. Muscle samples were collected from elasmobranchs (Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Mustelus henlei) and teleosts (Totoaba macdonaldi, Kajikia audax and Coryphaena hippurus) in the coast of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. The enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) was determined by spectrophotometry. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes CAT, GPx and GST was higher in elasmobranchs, as a group, than in teleosts. In fish species with high swimming capacities, P. glauca, K. audax and C. hippurus, antioxidant enzyme activity was higher in comparison with species with lower swimming capacities, M. henlei and T. macdonaldi. It is possible that antioxidant enzymes, particularly SOD, GPx and GST, contribute to avoidance of oxidative damage in teleost and elasmobranch species with higher swimming capacities. The antioxidant enzyme activities in fish appear to depend mainly on their swimming capacity and life style rather than the evolutionary group (elasmobranchs, teleosts).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Vélez-Alavez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur C.P. 23096, Mexico.
| | - Juan A De Anda-Montañez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur C.P. 23096, Mexico.
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. I.P.N. s/n, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, Apartado Postal 592, La Paz, Baja California Sur C.P. 23000, Mexico.
| | - Tania Zenteno-Savín
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur C.P. 23096, Mexico.
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Walker CJ, Gelsleichter J, Adams DH, Manire CA. Evaluation of the use of metallothionein as a biomarker for detecting physiological responses to mercury exposure in the bonnethead, Sphyrna tiburo. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:1361-1371. [PMID: 24671649 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that sharks, perhaps more so than any other fishes, are capable of bioaccumulating the non-essential toxic metal mercury (Hg) to levels that threaten the health of human seafood consumers. However, few studies have explored the potential effects of Hg accumulation in sharks themselves. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine if physiological effects occur in sharks in response to environmentally relevant levels of Hg exposure. To address this goal, the relationship between muscle Hg concentrations and muscle/hepatic levels of metallothionein (MT), a widely used protein biomarker of toxic metal exposure in fish, was examined in bonnetheads, Sphyrna tiburo, from three Florida estuaries. Total Hg concentrations in bonnethead muscle, as determined using thermal decomposition and atomic absorption spectrometry, ranged from 0.22 to 1.78 μg/g wet weight and were correlated with animal size. These observations were consistent with earlier studies on Florida bonnetheads, illustrating that they experience bioaccumulation of Hg, often to levels that threaten the health of these animals or consumers of their meat. However, despite this, MT concentrations measured using Western blot analysis were not correlated with muscle Hg concentrations. These results suggest that either environmentally relevant levels of Hg exposure and uptake are below the physiological threshold for inducing effects in sharks or MT is a poor biomarker of Hg exposure in these fishes. Of these two explanations, the latter is favored based on a growing body of evidence that questions the use of MTs as specific indicators of Hg exposure and effects in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Walker
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
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Joyner-Matos J, Puntarulo S, Vázquez-Medina JP, Zenteno-Savín T. Oxidative stress in aquatic ecosystems: selected papers from the First International Conference. Preface. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 165:381-3. [PMID: 23608366 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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