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Bonisoli L, Pelicella I, Arru L. Plant ultrasound detection: a cost-effective method for identifying plant ultrasonic emissions. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2310974. [PMID: 38345027 PMCID: PMC10863351 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2310974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Plants have been observed to produce short ultrasonic emissions (UEs), and current research is focusing on developing noninvasive techniques for recording and analyzing these emissions. A standardized methodology has not been established yet; in this paper we suggest a cost-effective procedure for recording, extracting, and identifying plant UEs using only a single ultrasound microphone, a laptop computer, and open-source software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bonisoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Laura Arru
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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2
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Nardini A, Cochard H, Mayr S. Talk is cheap: rediscovering sounds made by plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:662-667. [PMID: 38218649 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
A recent study and related commentaries have raised new interest in the phenomenon of ultrasonic sound production by plants exposed to stress, especially drought. While recent technological advancements have allowed the demonstration that these sounds can propagate in the air surrounding plants, we remind readers here that research on sound production by plants is more than 100 years old. The mechanisms and patterns of sound emission from plants subjected to different stress factors are also reasonably understood, thanks to the pioneering work of John Milburn and others. By contrast, experimental evidence for a role of these sounds in plant-animal or plant-plant communication remains lacking and, at present, these ideas remain highly speculative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Stefan Mayr
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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3
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Abstract
In recent years, the impact of prenatal sound on development, notably for programming individual phenotypes for postnatal conditions, has increasingly been revealed. However, the mechanisms through which sound affects physiology and development remain mostly unexplored. Here, I gather evidence from neurobiology, developmental biology, cellular biology and bioacoustics to identify the most plausible modes of action of sound on developing embryos. First, revealing often-unsuspected plasticity, I discuss how prenatal sound may shape auditory system development and determine individuals' later capacity to receive acoustic information. I also consider the impact of hormones, including thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids and androgen, on auditory plasticity. Second, I review what is known about sound transduction to other - non-auditory - brain regions, and its potential to input on classical developmental programming pathways. Namely, the auditory pathway has direct anatomical and functional connectivity to the hippocampus, amygdala and/or hypothalamus, in mammals, birds and anurans. Sound can thus trigger both immediate and delayed responses in these limbic regions, which are specific to the acoustic stimulus and its biological relevance. Third, beyond the brain, I briefly consider the possibility for sound to directly affect cellular functioning, based on evidence in earless organisms (e.g. plants) and cell cultures. Together, the multi-disciplinary evidence gathered here shows that the brain is wired to allow multiple physiological and developmental effects of sound. Overall, there are many unexplored, but possible, pathways for sound to impact even primitive or immature organisms. Throughout, I identify the most promising research avenues for unravelling the processes of acoustic developmental programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylene M Mariette
- Doñana Biological Station EBD-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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4
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Son JS, Jang S, Mathevon N, Ryu CM. Is plant acoustic communication fact or fiction? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38424727 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the idea has flourished that plants emit and perceive sound and could even be capable of exchanging information through the acoustic channel. While research into plant bioacoustics is still in its infancy, with potentially fascinating discoveries awaiting ahead, here we show that the current knowledge is not conclusive. While plants do emit sounds under biotic and abiotic stresses such as drought, these sounds are high-pitched, of low intensity, and propagate only to a short distance. Most studies suggesting plant sensitivity to airborne sound actually concern the perception of substrate vibrations from the soil or plant part. In short, while low-frequency, high-intensity sounds emitted by a loudspeaker close to the plant seem to have tangible effects on various plant processes such as growth - a finding with possible applications in agriculture - it is unlikely that plants can perceive the sounds they produce, at least over long distances. So far, there is no evidence of plants communicating with each other via the acoustic channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Soo Son
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Seonghan Jang
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Nicolas Mathevon
- ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, CRNL, CNRS, Inserm, University of Saint-Etienne, 42100, Saint-Etienne, France
- Institut universitaire de France, 75231, Paris, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, CHArt Lab, PSL University, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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5
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El-Sappah AH, Yan K, Li J. The plant is neither dumb nor deaf; it talks and hears. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38281239 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Animals and insects communicate using vibrations that are frequently too low or too high for human ears to detect. Plants and trees can communicate and sense sound. Khait et al. used a dependable recording system to capture airborne sounds produced by stressed plants. In addition to allowing plants to communicate their stress, sound aids in plant defense, development, and resilience. It also serves as a warning that danger is approaching. Demey et al. and others discussed the audit examinations that were conducted to investigate sound discernment in plants at the atomic and biological levels. The biological significance of sound in plants, the morphophysiological response of plants to sound, and the airborne noises that plants make and can hear from a few meters away were all discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H El-Sappah
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Kuan Yan
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
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6
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Schuller BW, Akman A, Chang Y, Coppock H, Gebhard A, Kathan A, Rituerto-González E, Triantafyllopoulos A, Pokorny FB. Ecology & computer audition: Applications of audio technology to monitor organisms and environment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23142. [PMID: 38163154 PMCID: PMC10755287 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) proposed within the 2030 Agenda and adopted by all the United Nations member states, the 13th SDG is a call for action to combat climate change. Moreover, SDGs 14 and 15 claim the protection and conservation of life below water and life on land, respectively. In this work, we provide a literature-founded overview of application areas, in which computer audition - a powerful but in this context so far hardly considered technology, combining audio signal processing and machine intelligence - is employed to monitor our ecosystem with the potential to identify ecologically critical processes or states. We distinguish between applications related to organisms, such as species richness analysis and plant health monitoring, and applications related to the environment, such as melting ice monitoring or wildfire detection. This work positions computer audition in relation to alternative approaches by discussing methodological strengths and limitations, as well as ethical aspects. We conclude with an urgent call to action to the research community for a greater involvement of audio intelligence methodology in future ecosystem monitoring approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn W. Schuller
- GLAM – Group on Language, Audio, & Music, Imperial College London, UK
- EIHW – Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing, University of Augsburg, Germany
- audEERING GmbH, Gilching, Germany
| | - Alican Akman
- GLAM – Group on Language, Audio, & Music, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Yi Chang
- GLAM – Group on Language, Audio, & Music, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Harry Coppock
- GLAM – Group on Language, Audio, & Music, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Alexander Gebhard
- EIHW – Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing, University of Augsburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Kathan
- EIHW – Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing, University of Augsburg, Germany
| | - Esther Rituerto-González
- EIHW – Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing, University of Augsburg, Germany
- GPM – Group of Multimedia Processing, University Carlos III of Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Florian B. Pokorny
- EIHW – Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing, University of Augsburg, Germany
- Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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7
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Ali S, Tyagi A, Park S, Bae H. Understanding the mechanobiology of phytoacoustics through molecular Lens: Mechanisms and future perspectives. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00398-3. [PMID: 38101748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How plants emit, perceive, and respond to sound vibrations (SVs) is a long-standing question in the field of plant sensory biology. In recent years, there have been numerous studies on how SVs affect plant morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits related to growth and adaptive responses. For instance, under drought SVs navigate plant roots towards water, activate their defence responses against stressors, and increase nectar sugar in response to pollinator SVs. Also, plants emit SVs during stresses which are informative in terms of ecological and adaptive perspective. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the SV perception and emission in plants remain largely unknown. Therefore, deciphering the complexity of plant-SV interactions and identifying bonafide receptors and signaling players will be game changers overcoming the roadblocks in phytoacoustics. AIM OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent developments in phytoacoustics. We primarily focuss on SV signal perception and transduction with current challenges and future perspectives. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Timeline breakthroughs in phytoacoustics have constantly shaped our understanding and belief that plants may emit and respond to SVs like other species. However, unlike other plant mechanostimuli, little is known about SV perception and signal transduction. Here, we provide an update on phytoacoustics and its ecological importance. Next, we discuss the role of cell wall receptor-like kinases, mechanosensitive channels, intracellular organelle signaling, and other key players involved in plant-SV receptive pathways that connect them. We also highlight the role of calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), hormones, and other emerging signaling molecules in SV signal transduction. Further, we discuss the importance of molecular, biophysical, computational, and live cell imaging tools for decoding the molecular complexity of acoustic signaling in plants. Finally, we summarised the role of SV priming in plants and discuss how SVs could modulate plant defense and growth trade-offs during other stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Suvin Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Tyagi A, Ali S, Park S, Bae H. Deciphering the role of mechanosensitive channels in plant root biology: perception, signaling, and adaptive responses. PLANTA 2023; 258:105. [PMID: 37878056 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Mechanosensitive channels are integral membrane proteins that rapidly translate extrinsic or intrinsic mechanical tensions into biological responses. They can serve as potential candidates for developing smart-resilient crops with efficient root systems. Mechanosensitive (MS) calcium channels are molecular switches for mechanoperception and signal transduction in all living organisms. Although tremendous progress has been made in understanding mechanoperception and signal transduction in bacteria and animals, this remains largely unknown in plants. However, identification and validation of MS channels such as Mid1-complementing activity channels (MCAs), mechanosensitive-like channels (MSLs), and Piezo channels (PIEZO) has been the most significant discovery in plant mechanobiology, providing novel insights into plant mechanoperception. This review summarizes recent advances in root mechanobiology, focusing on MS channels and their related signaling players, such as calcium ions (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and phytohormones. Despite significant advances in understanding the role of Ca2+ signaling in root biology, little is known about the involvement of MS channel-driven Ca2+ and ROS signaling. Additionally, the hotspots connecting the upstream and downstream signaling of MS channels remain unclear. In light of this, we discuss the present knowledge of MS channels in root biology and their role in root developmental and adaptive traits. We also provide a model highlighting upstream (cell wall sensors) and downstream signaling players, viz., Ca2+, ROS, and hormones, connected with MS channels. Furthermore, we highlighted the importance of emerging signaling molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and neurotransmitters (NTs), and their association with root mechanoperception. Finally, we conclude with future directions and knowledge gaps that warrant further research to decipher the complexity of root mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Suvin Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Avan P. [Plant bioacoustics: Budding 'Mozarts'?]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39:719-721. [PMID: 37943131 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Avan
- Institut de l'audition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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10
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Hussain M, Khashi U Rahman M, Mishra RC, Van Der Straeten D. Plants can talk: a new era in plant acoustics. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:987-990. [PMID: 37394307 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants release chemical signals to interact with their environment when exposed to stress. Khait and colleagues unveiled that plants 'verbalize' stress by emitting airborne sounds. These can train machine learning models to identify plant stressors. This unlocks a new path in plant-environment interactions research with multiple possibilities for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammil Hussain
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
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11
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Waqas M, Van Der Straeten D, Geilfus CM. Plants 'cry' for help through acoustic signals. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:984-986. [PMID: 37344301 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants perceive sounds, while responses to these sounds were already known. A breakthrough is the discovery by Khait et al. that stressed plants emit various informative ultrasonic sound signals, which can be categorized according to plant species, stress type, and stress severity. This discovery may change how plants are cultivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Van-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | | | - Christoph-Martin Geilfus
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Van-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany.
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12
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de la Cal L, Gloor PA, Weinbeer M. Can Plants Sense Humans? Using Plants as Biosensors to Detect the Presence of Eurythmic Gestures. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6971. [PMID: 37571752 PMCID: PMC10422342 DOI: 10.3390/s23156971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the preliminary results of measuring the impact of human body movements on plants. The scope of this project is to investigate if a plant perceives human activity in its vicinity. In particular, we analyze the influence of eurythmic gestures of human actors on lettuce and beans. In an eight-week experiment, we exposed rows of lettuce and beans to weekly eurythmic movements (similar to Qi Gong) of a eurythmist, while at the same time measuring changes in voltage between the roots and leaves of lettuce and beans using the plant spikerbox. We compared this experimental group of vegetables to a control group of vegetables whose voltage differential was also measured while not being exposed to eurythmy. We placed a plant spikerbox connected to lettuce or beans in the vegetable plot while the eurythmist was performing their gestures about 2 m away; a second spikerbox was connected to a control plant 20 m away. Using t-tests, we found a clear difference between the experimental and the control group, which was also verified with a machine learning model. In other words, the vegetables showed a noticeably different pattern in electric potentials in response to eurythmic gestures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis de la Cal
- MIT Center for Collective Intelligence, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Sistemas Informáticos, UPM Technical University of Madrid, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter A. Gloor
- MIT Center for Collective Intelligence, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
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Alzuhair A, Alghaihab A. The Design and Optimization of an Acoustic and Ambient Sensing AIoT Platform for Agricultural Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6262. [PMID: 37514557 PMCID: PMC10385791 DOI: 10.3390/s23146262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of technology in agriculture has been gaining significant attention recently. By employing advanced tools and automation and leveraging the latest advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), the agricultural sector is witnessing improvements in its crop yields and overall efficiency. This paper presents the design and performance analysis of a machine learning (ML) model for agricultural applications involving acoustic sensing. This model is integrated into an efficient Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) platform tailored for agriculture. The model is then used in the design of a communication network architecture and for determining the distribution of the computing load between edge devices and the cloud. The study focuses on the design, analysis, and optimization of AI deployment for reliable classification models in agricultural applications. Both the architectural level and hardware implementation are taken into consideration when designing the radio module and computing unit. Additionally, the study encompasses the design and performance analysis of the hardware used to implement the sensor node specifically developed for sound classification in agricultural applications. The novelty of this work lies in the optimization of the integrated sensor node, which combines the proposed ML model and wireless network, resulting in an agricultural-specific AIoT platform. This co-design enables significant improvements in the performance and efficiency for acoustic and ambient sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alzuhair
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alghaihab
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Demey ML, Mishra RC, Van Der Straeten D. Sound perception in plants: from ecological significance to molecular understanding. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:825-840. [PMID: 37002001 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In addition to positive effects on plant growth and resilience, sound alerts plants of potential danger and aids in defense. Sound guides plants towards essential resources, like water, through phonotropic root growth. Sound also facilitates mutualistic interactions such as buzz pollination. Molecularly, sound induces Ca2+ signatures, K+ fluxes, and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in a mechanosensitive ion channel-dependent fashion. We review the two major open questions in the field of plant acoustics: (i) what is the ecological relevance of sound in plant life, and (ii) how is sound sensed and transduced to evoke a morphophysiological response? We highlight the clear need to combine the ecological and molecular perspectives for a more holistic approach to better understand plant behavior.
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15
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Marris E. Stressed plants 'cry' - and some animals can probably hear them. Nature 2023; 616:229. [PMID: 36997712 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-00890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
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16
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Robert D. Plant bioacoustics: The sound expression of stress. Cell 2023; 186:1307-1308. [PMID: 37001497 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants are not exactly known to be great conversationalists. In this issue of Cell, a new study highlights that when stressed by desiccation or cutting injury, tomato and tobacco plants can produce airborne ultrasonic emissions. These sounds are loud enough to be heard by insects and can be analytically categorized using trained neural networks, pointing to their potential informative value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Robert
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
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